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Impatiens horizontalis M.M. Latt, B.B. Park & Nob. Tanaka, sp. nov. (Figs 4 & 5) Type: — MYANMAR. Sagaing Region: Htamanthi Wildlife Sanctuary, Khamti Township, Khamthi District, ca. 173–196 m elevation, N 25 33 59 and E 95° 49’ 40” on 6 January 2021, Myo Min Latt MY5939 (holotype-RAF, isotype-TNS). Diagnosis: Impatiens horizontalis is morphologically similar to Impatiens stenantha Hook. f. but can be distinguished by being horizontally creeping stem on the surface of gravel soil along the stream, elliptic to linear leaf, coriaceous, serrate margin with bristles, axillary inflorescence and pure golden yellow flower without marks; in spite of similar creeping habit, it is distinguished from I. prostrata Hook. f. by having narrowly elliptic to linear leaf, serrate, antrorse bristle between teeth, glandular stipulate, twisted spur with abruptly capitate tip, linear and glabrous ovary and spheroid, ex-arillate, glabrous seed; from I. repens Moon by having not succulent and stout stem and racemose inflorescence; from I. procumbens Franch and I. reptans Hook. f. having not erect stem and branches, narrowly elliptic to linear, glabrous leaf, glandular stipulate, oblong sepals, deeply bucciniform lower sepal, twisted spur with abruptly capitate tip, lanceolate, twisted, obtuse lower later petal, triangular upper lateral petal, linear ovary, oblanceolate—linear fruit (Fig-4&5). ...continued on the next page Rheophyte creeping on gravel stony island in the stream. Stem horizontally creeping, 1 m or longer, red, slender, glabrous, glandular on the streak line on stem, internode up to 5 cm long, 3 mm in diam.; roots from each node, glabrous, pink. Leaves alternate, petiolate 1–1.5 cm long, glandular stipulate, glabrous, coriaceous, narrowly elliptic to linear, 0.8–1 × 12–13.5 cm, margin serrate, dark purple antrorse bristle at the ends of lateral veins between the teeth, mid and lateral veins conspicuous on abaxial surface, tip acuminate, attenuate; petiole dull red, glabrous, up to 1.5 cm long. Inflorescence axillary, raceme, up to 8.5 cm long, 2–5 flowers, indefinite, peduncle glabrous, dull red, swollen at the base, tapering to tip, up to 5.5 cm long, 2.5 mm in diam. at base, 1 mm in diam. at top. Flower golden yellow, up to 4 cm long, up to 2.5 cm across; 2 floral bracts, elliptic, acuminate, 0.5 x 1.5mm, glabrous; pedicel up to 2 cm long, glabrous, dull red. Lateral sepals 2, persistent, dull red, oblong, 2 × 5 mm, acuminate, both surfaces glabrous, united at base each other. Lower sepal bucciniform, 3.5 cm long, 6 × 8 mm across the mouth, funnel 1.5 cm long, cuspidate, tongue at mouth, pointed, 3 × 3 mm, yellow, distal part gradually tapering into a twisted spur with curved end, dull red tip, capitate. United lateral petals connate, asymmetric, distorted and twisted, lobes free; lower petal golden yellow, red mark at base, like a pair of rabbit’s ears, knife shape, lanceolate, twisted, asymmetrical, 4 × 25 mm, margin undulate, obtuse, both surface glabrous, united with upper petal, veins clear; Upper petal golden yellow, liver shape or triangular, asymmetrical, 5 × 17 mm, margin undulate, acuminate, base united with base of lower petal, both surface glabrous. Dorsal petal golden yellow with red marks on abaxial surface, obovate to orbicular, 7 × 7 mm, round tip, tapering base, both surface glabrous. Androecium erect, yellow styles, 1 mm long, united base. Gynoecium ca. 3 mm long, yellow stigma. Ovary green, 2 mm long, 1 mm in diam. Fruit straight, slender, oblanceolate to linear, 5 lobed, tapering to base, swollen tip, green with dull red strikes, glabrous, 2.5 cm long, 3 mm in diameter. Seeds spheroid like chickpea, ex-arillate, glabrous, 2–3 seeds, occupy at top of fruit. Habitat and ecology: Impatiens horizontalis horizontally grow and a creeper on gravel stony island frequently flooded along the perennial stream in evergreen forest and is light demander. It hardly survives on other types of soil. Phenology: Flowering in January–February before summer season. Distribution: Myanmar. Thus far, limited populations were found on less than 5 gravel islands only along the Nam Phet La stream in Htamanthi Wildlife Sanctuary. Vernacular name: “Nam-phet-la Dan-pan”, meaning Dan-pan of Nam-pha-lar stream. Note: Impatiens horizontalis is assignable to subgenus Impatiens sect. Racemosae Hook. f. based on its racemose inflorescence, linear capsule and 4 lateral sepals with 2 reduced inner ones. We proposed the local name of the species as “Nam-phet-la Dan-pan” because it was firstly found only along Nam Phet La stream in Htamanthi Wildlife Sanctuary. IUCN Red Data Category: Impatiens horizontalis could be seriously threatened due to the gold mining along the stream of the habitat (Fig-3-E). Therefore, based on the latest IUCN criteria, Impatiens horizontalis is proposed to be Critically Endangered (CR) (IUCN, 2022). Hooker (1872) noted that there were two varieties under I. stenantha and one of them perhaps a different species. I. horizontalis is also allied to I. prostrata Hook. f., I. repens Moon, I. procumbens Franch and I. reptans Hook. f.. However, I. horizontalis distinctly differ from all such four species by the key characters described in several literatures (Moon, 1824; Wight, 1840; Arechaveleta, et al., 1886; Franchet, 1887; Trimen, 1893; Hooker, 1908; Hooker, 1913; Wu, et al., 2007)(Table 2)., Published as part of Latt, Myo Min, Tanaka, Nobuyuki & Park, Byung Bae, 2023, Two New species of Impatiens (Balsaminaceae) from Myanmar, pp. 141-152 in Phytotaxa 583 (2) on pages 146-151, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.583.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/7609266, {"references":["IUCN (2022) Guidelines for usinf the IUCN Red List categories and criteria. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Committee. Available from: https: // www. iucnredlist. org / documents / RedListGuidelines. pdf (accessed 23 May 2022)","Hooker, J. D. (1872) The flora of British India: Part I, Ranunculaceae to Polygaleae. The Authority of the secretary of state for India in Council, London, pp. 440 - 483.","Moon, A. (1824) Catalogue of the indigenous and exotic Plants growing in Ceylon. The Weslevan Mission Press, Colombo.","Wight, R. (1840) Illustration of Indian botany or figures illustrative of each of the natural orders of Indian plants, Volume I. J. B. Pharoah, Madras. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 9603","Franchet, A. R. (1887) Lettres Botaniques AND Bulletin de la Societe Botanique de France. Bulletin de la Societe Botanique de France 33: 444 - 449.","Trimen, H. (1893) A hand-book to the flora of Ceylon, Part I. Ranunculaceae-Anacardiaceae. Dulau and Co., 37 Soho Square, W. The authority of the government of Ceylon, London, pp. 200 - 212.","Hooker, J. D. (1908) Archives du Museum national d'histoire naturelle ser. 4 10: 253.","Hooker, J. D. (1913) An epitome of the British Indian species of Impatiens: Records of the botanical survey of India Volume IV. Calcutt, Calcutta superintendent government printing, India."]}

Impatiens yinyinkyii M.M. Latt, B.B. Park & Nob. Tanaka, sp. nov. (Figs. 2 & 3) Type: — MYANMAR. Sagaing Region: Htamanthi Wildlife Sanctuary, along high humid rocky stream, ca. 138–159 m elevation, N 25°16’25” and E 95° 20’ 08 on 29 November 2020, Myo Min Latt MY5938 (holotype-RAF, isotype-TNS). Diagnosis: Impatiens yinyinkyii is morphologically similar to I. masonii Hook. f. but can be distinguished by having asymmetric flowers with three dark purple blotches in center of flower, specifically at base of dorsal and upper petals of lateral united petals, round apex dorsal petals, monochasial simple cymose inflorescence, lanceolate bract, pink anther, longer incurved spur and ovate and compressed seed (Table 1). Perennial herb, terrestrial or lithophyte. Stems up to 60 cm heigh, erect, cylindrical, tapering up, glabrous, dull purple, nodes swollen, up to 7 mm in diameter, internodes glabrous, up to 3 am long, up to 5 cm in diameter, root fibrous at up to 5 th node, having small white tubers, sometimes node touch ground produce small root, very branching, succulent. Leaves 0.8–1 × 10.5–11 cm, opposite decussate arranged, glabrous, linear, tip acuminate, base attenuate, margin serrate, antrorse bristles at the top of teeth, venation clear, up to 6 veins, 45 degrees with mid-vein, tapering to margin, abaxial surface dark green, abaxial surface pale green, petiole 7 mm long, glabrous. Inflorescence axillary, monochasial simple racemes, 5 cm long, 2 flowered, peduncle glabrous, purple, 2 cm long. Flowers zygomorphic, pinkish purple with dark purple blotches at the center, glabrous; pedicels slender, up to 1.5 cm long, ca. 1 mm in diam., dull purple. Bracts ca. 1 × 2 mm, narrowly lanceolate, apex acuminate, base cuneate, green, glabrous. Lateral sepals 2, lanceolate, transparent, green, dull purple blotch at base on abaxial surface, 1 × 4 mm, acuminate tip, broad base. Lower sepal navicular, pale purple, broadly elliptic mouth, white with dark purple blotch at base, acuminate apex, 5 × 7 mm, yellow base, spur curved, glabrous, tapering, up to 4.5 cm long Dorsal petal orbicular, 9 × 9 mm, curved like boat, 4 mm deep, pinkish purple with dark blotch at base, 2 crests on abaxial surface, margin entire, apex and base rounded. United lateral petals connate, asymmetric, lobes free; upper petals 7 × 8 mm, orbicular, apex rounded to truncate, pinkish purple with round dark purple block at base; lower petals ovate, asymmetric pinkish purple, 8 × 10 mm, apex acute, oblique, base rounded, auricle yellow with claw or projection, 1 mm long, vein on abaxial surface, overlap and connect to upper petal with whitish petioloide auricle. Androecium Stamens pink, 3 mm long, 1 mm width, narrow base, green, 5 lobed, persistent above ovary after over flowering. Gynoecium Ovary green, 3 mm long, 1 mm in diameter, glabrous. Fruits fusiform dehiscent capsules, asymmetric, slightly curved, tapering both ends, 1.2 cm long, up to 5 mm in diameter, glabrous, 5 lobes, dark green upper 3 lobes, pale green lower 2 lobes. Seeds ovoid like sesame seed, compressed, apex pointed, round base, brown, covered by white nets, ca. 1.5 mm long, up to 6 per capsule Habitat and ecology: Impatiens yinyinkyii grows on the ever-moist rock and rocky wall of the perennial stream under the sunlight. It is light demander but very sensitive to high temperature and drought. This species is very common and many populations can be found on the rock along streams throughout the Htamanthi Wildlife Sanctuary. Phenology: Flowering in November to January before summer season. Distribution: Myanmar. Thus far known only from the type locality. Vernacular name: “Yin Yin Kyi Dan-pan” (proposed here). “Dan-pan” is a local name of Imapatiens in Myanmar. Etymology: The specific epithet is an honor to Yin Yin Kyi (1947–2021), a Myanmar taxonomist at Forest Research Institute, for her contribution to the Myanamar local flora. She published “A checklist of the trees, shrubs, herbs and climbers of Myanmar ” by revising the original works by J. H. Lace “List of trees, shrubs, herbs and principal climbers, etc. recorded from Burma ” in cooperating with the Smithsonian Institution. Note: Impatiens yinyinkyii is assignable to subgenus Impatiens, sect. Uniflorae Hook.f. & Thomson based on its fascicled inflorescence, and short fusiform capsules. IUCN Red Data Category: This species seems to prefer wet and cold rock along the bank of the stream. It cannot survive on alluvial sediment and dry rock. We observed that some died off because of cover by sediment and camping along the stream. In addition to such impacts, cutting the trees along the stream should be prohibited to reduce the soil erosion and to regulate riparian ecosystem. Therefore, based on the latest IUCN criteria, Impatiens yinyinkyii is proposed to be Near Threatened (NT) (IUCN, 2022). Key different characteristics between Impatiens yinyinkyii and I. masonii are mentioned in Table.1.

Desertification is impeding the implementation of reforestation efforts in Mongolia. Many of these efforts have been unsuccessful due to lack of technical knowledge on water and nutrient management strategies, limited financial support, and short-lived rainfall events. We investigated the effects of irrigation and fertilization on the morpho-physiological traits of Populus sibirica Hort. Ex Tausch and Ulmus pumila L. and to suggest irrigation and fertilization strategies for reforestation. Different irrigation and fertilizer treatments were applied: no irrigation, 2 L h-1, 4 L h-1 and 8 L h-1 of water; no fertilizer, 2 L h-1 + NPK, 4 L h-1 + NPK, and 8 L h-1 + NPK; and no compost, 2 L h-1 + compost, 4 L h-1 + compost, and 8 L h-1 + compost. The leaf area (LA) and specific leaf area (SLA) of both species responded positively to 4 L h-1 and/or 8 L h-1. Results also showed that the addition of either NPK or compost to 4 L h-1 and/or 8 L h-1 irrigation resulted in a higher LA, SLA, and leaf biomass (LB). Total chlorophyll content decreased with irrigation in both species. The same pattern was detected when a higher amount of irrigation was combined with fertilizers. Lastly, we found that both diurnal and seasonal leaf water potential of plants grown in 4 L h-1 and/or 8 L h-1 were significantly higher than in control plots. Therefore, 4 L h-1 and/or 8 L h-1 with either NPK or compost has shown to be the optimal irrigation and fertilization strategy for the species in an arid and semi-arid region of Mongolia. Results should provide us with a better understanding of tree responses to varying amounts of irrigation with or without fertilizer in pursuit of sustainable forest management in arid and semi-arid ecosystems.

EXCLI Journal; 20:Doc812; ISSN 1611-2156