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This study examined how religious participation at the individual level and the dyadic religious similarity at the couple level influenced depressive symptoms via social relationships among older Korean couples aged 65 and above. The sample included 1,191 couples from the seventh assessment of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing. The findings indicated that older adults who participated in religious activities more frequently showed lower levels of depressive symptoms through increased social interactions and marital satisfaction. Additionally, older couples with similar religious backgrounds showed higher levels of marital satisfaction than those without similar religious backgrounds, subsequently leading to lower levels of depressive symptoms. Overall, the associations between religion and depressive symptoms were similar for both genders. The findings provided insights into potential mechanisms leading to later-life depressive symptoms at both the individual and couple levels in terms of religion and social relationships and informed practical implications for older couples' marital relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Satellites provide global coverage for monitoring atmospheric greenhouse gases, crucial for understanding global climate dynamics. However, their temporal and spatial resolutions fall short in detecting urban‐scale variations. To enhance satellite reliability over urban areas, this study presents the first comprehensive analysis of long‐term observations of column‐averaged dry air mole fractions of CO2, CH4, and CO (XCO2, XCH4, XCO) using two ground‐based fourier transform infrared spectrometers, EM27/SUNs, in a megacity. With over 2 years of observations, our study shows that EM27/SUN measurements can effectively capture the daily and seasonal variability of XCO2, XCH4, and XCO over Seoul, a megacity with complex topography and various emission sources. In addition, we use the advantage of having multiple greenhouse gas satellites targeting Seoul to compare with the EM27/SUNs. Our study highlights the importance of EM27/SUN observations in Seoul to identify the need for improvements in satellites to monitor greenhouse gas behaviors and emissions in urban areas. Plain Language Summary: This study examines how accurately satellites can monitor greenhouse gases over urban atmospheres to understand climate change. While satellites are good at covering large areas, they struggle to detect changes in cities. To improve these setbacks, this study uses ground‐based instruments to measure greenhouse gases over 2 years and test satellite reliability over Seoul, a megacity with various emission sources as well as a complex terrain for observation. This study shows that the newly developed ground‐based instruments, EM27/SUNs, are effective in tracking daily and seasonal changes in greenhouse gas concentrations and are useful tools in improving the validity of satellite observations in urban areas. The study suggests that using ground‐based observations in addition to satellite data adapted for urban area monitoring is important for understanding greenhouse gas emissions in major cities like Seoul. Key Points: First results of long‐term EM27/SUN measurements and satellite comparisons over SeoulEM27/SUN effective in monitoring greenhouse gases and assessing validity of satellite measurements over urban areasSatellites need higher resolutions and locally validated algorithms for urban monitoring [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the importance of understanding the urban emission characteristics of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and air pollutants, few studies have conducted integrated assessments across diverse urban environments. Herein, we conducted a comprehensive evaluation of the emission characteristics of GHGs and air pollutants in seven cities in the Northern Hemisphere using ground‐based Fourier transform spectrometers. Our analysis primarily focused on emission ratios of excess column‐averaged dry‐air mole fractions of carbon monoxide (CO) to carbon dioxide (CO2) (∆XCO:∆XCO2) and those of methane (CH4) to CO2 (∆XCH4:∆XCO2). We found that the emission ratios varied significantly across cities. Xianghe (China) and Pasadena (USA), known for severe air pollution, showed the highest emission ratios. Notably, Seoul (South Korea) showed lower ∆XCO:∆XCO2 (3.32 ± 0.10 ppb/ppm) but relatively higher ∆XCH4:∆XCO2 (4.85 ± 0.04 ppb/ppm), which was comparable to the ∆XCH4:∆XCO2 value of Xianghe (5.15 ± 0.10 ppb/ppm), suggesting that targeted CH4 reduction strategies may be required for climate change mitigation in Seoul. Plain Language Summary: Many cities experience significant greenhouse gas and air pollutant emissions. We comprehensively analyzed the characteristics of these emissions using ground‐based solar‐viewing Fourier transform spectrometers (FTSs) in Northern Hemisphere cities including Seoul (South Korea), Thessaloniki (Greece), Tsukuba (Japan), Karlsruhe (Germany), Xianghe (China), Pasadena (USA), and Paris (France). First, we focused on variations in carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and carbon monoxide (CO). Based on these variations, their emission ratios were estimated in terms of excess column‐averaged dry‐air mole fractions of CO to CO2 (∆XCO:∆XCO2) and CH4 to CO2 (∆XCH4:∆XCO2) in urban sites. We found that the emission ratios differed across cities. For example, Xianghe and Pasadena, which generally exhibit high levels of air pollution, had the highest emission ratios. However, Seoul had lower emission ratios of ∆XCO:∆XCO2, but higher levels of ∆XCH4:∆XCO2. This study suggests that ground‐based Fourier transform spectrometer measurements can be used as a tool for comprehensively evaluating the emission characteristics of greenhouse gases and air pollutants in urban environments. Furthermore, extending our study to longer periods and more sites could further aid in formulating effective mitigation strategies for climate change. Key Points: We comprehensively assessed the emission characteristics of greenhouse gases and air pollutants in seven cities in the Northern HemisphereGround‐based Fourier transform spectrometers offers a comprehensive analysis of the urban emission characteristics of greenhouse gases and air pollutantsOur results can further support effective strategies for mitigating climate change [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundSyphilis is concentrated among high-risk groups, but the epidemiology of syphilis reinfection is poorly understood. We characterized factors associated with syphilis incidence, including reinfection, in a high-risk cohort in Peru.MethodsParticipants in the NIMH CPOL trial were assessed at baseline and 2 annual visits with HIV/STI testing and behavioral surveys. Participants diagnosed with syphilis also attended 4- and 9-month visits. All participants underwent syphilis testing with RPR screening and TPPA confirmation. Antibiotic treatment was provided according to CDC guidelines. Reinfection was defined as a 4-fold titer increase or recurrence of seroreactivity after successful treatment with subsequent negative RPR titers. The longitudinal analysis used a Possion generalized estimating equations model with backward selection of variables in the final model (criteria P

Conversion-type metal fluoride cathodes are considered promising candidates for electrochemical applications owing to their large specific capacities and high operating voltages. However, harnessing the potentially high energy-density of metal fluorides is challenging because of their inherent chemical and electrochemical properties and synthesis issues. Cobalt fluoride (CoF2) is an attractive cathode material among metal fluorides, but it has the common limitations of metal fluorides as above. In this study, a facile synthesis method for CoF2 nanocomposites is developed through the precipitation of cobalt precursors onto multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), followed by heat treatment with ammonium fluoride under an inert atmosphere. This simple and versatile method produces CoF2/MWCNT nanocomposites with improved reversible capacities (554 mA h g−1 at 0.2C) through conversion reactions and superior rate capabilities (a capacity retention of 84.7% at 2C versus 0.2C) at high current densities. In addition, to prevent capacity fading caused by cobalt dissolution during battery cycling, further in situ and ex situ strategies for surface protection are adopted: in situ formation of cathode–electrolyte interphase layers using a fluoroethylene carbonate-containing electrolyte and ex situ coating of aluminum oxide thin layers on the electrode by atomic layer deposition. Consequently, the CoF2/MWCNT nanocomposites maintain a capacity of more than 200 mA h g−1 even after 500 cycles. This study is expected to promote the development of advanced metal fluoride cathodes with high energy densities and long cycle lives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]