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12. A Tale of Winglets: Evolution of Flight Morphology in Stick Insects

Author

Zeng, Yu, O'Malley, Connor, Singhal, Sonal, Rahim, Faszly, Park, Sehoon, Chen, Xin, and Dudley, Robert

Subjects
BRII applicant: Dudley
Abstract

The evolutionary transition between winglessness and a full-winged morphology requires selective advantage for intermediate forms. Conversely, repeated secondary wing reductions among the pterygotes indicates relaxation of such selection. However, evolutionary trajectories of such transitions are not well-characterized. The stick insects (Phasmatodea) exhibit diverse wing sizes at both interspecific and intersexual levels, and thus provide a system for examining how selection on flight capability, along with other selective forces, drives the evolution of flight-related morphology. Here, we examine variation in relevant morphology for stick insects using data from 1,100+ individuals representing 765 species. Although wing size varies along a continuous spectrum, taxa with either long or miniaturized wings are the most common, whereas those with intermediate-sized wings are relatively rare. In a morphological space defined by wing and body size, the aerodynamically relevant parameter termed wing loading (the average pressure exerted on the air by the wings) varies according to sex-specific scaling laws; volant but also flightless forms are the most common outcomes in both sexes. Using phylogenetically-informed analyses, we show that relative wing size and body size are inversely correlated in long-winged insects regardless of sexual differences in morphology and ecology. These results demonstrate the diversity of flight-related morphology in stick insects, and also provide a general framework for addressing evolutionary coupling between wing and body dimensions. We also find indirect evidence for a “fitness valley” associated with intermediate-sized wings, suggesting relatively rapid evolutionary transitions between wingless and volant forms.

Published
2020

26. Acute kidney injury after non-cardiac major surgery: has it reduced?

Author

Cho, Jeong Min, Kwon, Soie, Yang, Sunah, Park, Jina, Jeong, Subin, Park, Sehoon, Ryu, Jiwon, Kim, Sejoong, Lee, Jeonghwan, Lee, Jung Pyo, Yoon, Hyung-Jin, Kim, Dong Ki, Joo, Kwon Wook, Kim, Yon Su, Kim, Kwangsoo, Park, Minsu, and Lee, Hajeong

Subjects
ACUTE kidney failure, LOGISTIC regression analysis, SURGICAL complications, OPERATIVE surgery, CONFIDENCE intervals
Abstract

Background It remains unclear whether the incidence of post-operative acute kidney injury (PO-AKI) has been reduced despite the recent emphasis on its early recognition and prevention in clinical practice. We aimed to investigate the trend in the incidence of PO-AKI and to identify the associated factors affecting its changes. Methods We gathered clinical data from patients who underwent non-cardiac major surgeries at three referral hospitals from 2005 to 2020. PO-AKI was defined as KDIGO AKI criteria within 7 days after surgery. Severe PO-AKI (S-PO-AKI) was defined as stage 2 or 3 AKI. The temporal change of PO-AKI was evaluated by joinpoint regression analysis and multivariable logistic regression based on a 3-year interval. Results Among 138 235 patients, 8156 (5.9%) PO-AKI and 1127 (0.8%) S-PO-AKI occurred, respectively. The patients enrolled in recent years were older and more were women. They had more comorbidities and a higher PO-AKI risk compared with those included in past years. As time passed, the PO-AKI incidence decreased from 8.6% in 2005–07 to 5.1% in 2017–20, whereas S-PO-AKI incidence did not change (0.8% to 0.9%). In joinpoint analysis, PO-AKI incidence tended to decrease with annual percentage change (APC) of –4.2% per year [95% confidence interval (CI) –5.5% to –2.8%, P -value <.001), although S-PO-AKI did not (APC 0.9%, 95% CI –1.1 to 2.9%, P -value = .347). Similarly, the overall PO-AKI incidence decreased but S-PO-AKI did not, even after adjusting covariables. Conclusion The incidence of PO-AKI has decreased recently despite the increase in known risk factors; however, the incidence of S-PO-AKI has not decreased in recent years. Trial registration information ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05986474. Name of registry: Development of Synthetic Medical Data Generation Technology to Predict Postoperative Complications. URL: https://classic.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05986474. Date of registration: 14 August 2023. Date of enrollment of the first participant to the trial: 27 September 2022, retrospectively registered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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29. Contributors

Author

Abdelpahman, Ahmed Ibrahimali, primary, Adimalla, Narsimha, additional, Akber, Adnan, additional, Ali, Ameena, additional, Aliewi, A.S., additional, Arumugam, Muruganantham, additional, Bagheri, Atena, additional, Bagyaraj, M., additional, Bezabih, Aboneh, additional, Bhandary, Harish, additional, Chellamuthu Ranganathan, Paramasivam, additional, Chen, Jianyao, additional, Chena, Duba, additional, Choudhury, Pritam, additional, Chuluke, Danbobi, additional, Chung, Sang Yong, additional, Deepa, S., additional, Elzain, Hussam Eldin, additional, Gnanachandrasamy, G., additional, Gowtham, B., additional, Gunarani, G.I., additional, Haji, Muhammed, additional, Hassan, Mohamed, additional, Jesuraja, K., additional, Jeyavel Raja Kumar, T., additional, Joji, V.S., additional, Kamaraj, Pradeep, additional, Karthikeyan, Sivakumar, additional, Karupiah, Sugumaran, additional, Kotola, Gemechu, additional, Kulandaisamy, Prabakaran, additional, Marcus, Christina, additional, Mategaonkar, Meenal, additional, Mathivanan, Mahalakshmi, additional, Missionnaire, Mbanza, additional, Muthukumar, P., additional, Na, Sung-Ho, additional, Nadiri, Ata Allah, additional, Nasir, Nagoor, additional, Park, Sehoon, additional, Ponnumani, G., additional, Prakash, R., additional, Prasood, S.P., additional, Rajesh Kanna, A., additional, Ramamoorthy, A., additional, Ramanathan, AL., additional, Ramkumar, T., additional, Ranjani, M., additional, Rao, Karuna, additional, Razzagh, Siamak, additional, Roy, Priyadarsi D., additional, Sabarathinam, Chidambaram, additional, Sadeghfam, Sina, additional, Sekar, Selvam, additional, Selvakumar, Radhakrishnan, additional, Senapathi, Venkatramanan, additional, Shunmugam, Kumaravel, additional, Srinivasamoorthy, K., additional, Thangaraj, Kongeswaran, additional, Thrivikramji, K.P., additional, Vadiati, Meysam, additional, Vedhachalam, Rathinakumar, additional, Veerasingam, S., additional, Venkatachalapathy, R., additional, Vethamony, P., additional, and Vinodh, K., additional

Published
2022
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30. Risk of mortality and cause of death according to kidney function parameters: a nationwide observational study in Korea

Author

Jung, Sehyun, primary, Lee, Soojin, additional, Kim, Yaerim, additional, Cho, Semin, additional, Huh, Hyuk, additional, Kim, Yong Chul, additional, Han, Seung Seok, additional, Lee, Hajeong, additional, Lee, Jung Pyo, additional, Joo, Kwon Wook, additional, Lim, Chun Soo, additional, Kim, Yon Su, additional, Kim, Dong Ki, additional, Han, Kyungdo, additional, and Park, Sehoon, additional

Published
2024
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31. Associations of MRI-derived kidney volume, kidney function, body composition and physical performance in ≈38 000 UK Biobank participants: a population-based observational study

Author

Cho, Jeong Min, primary, Koh, Jung Hun, additional, Kim, Seong Geun, additional, Lee, Soojin, additional, Kim, Yaerim, additional, Cho, Semin, additional, Kim, Kwangsoo, additional, Kim, Yong Chul, additional, Han, Seung Seok, additional, Lee, Hajeong, additional, Lee, Jung Pyo, additional, Joo, Kwon Wook, additional, Lim, Chun Soo, additional, Kim, Yon Su, additional, Kim, Dong Ki, additional, and Park, Sehoon, additional

Published
2024
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41. Efficacy and Safety of a Balanced Salt Solution Versus a 0.9% Saline Infusion for the Prevention of Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury After Contrast-Enhanced Computed Tomography

Author

Park, Sehoon, Kim, Dong Ki, Jung, Hee-Yeon, Kim, Chan-Duck, Cho, Jang-Hee, Cha, Ran-hui, Jeong, Jong Cheol, Kim, Sejoong, Kim, Hyung-Jong, Ban, Tae Hyun, Chung, Byung Ha, Lee, Jung Pyo, Park, Jung Tak, Han, Seung Hyeok, Yoo, Tae-Hyun, Ryu, Dong-Ryeol, Moon, Sung Jin, Lee, Jung Eun, Huh, Wooseong, Kang, Ea Wha, Chang, Tae Ik, and Joo, Kwon Wook

Published
2020
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