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2. The long lives of primates and the 'invariant rate of ageing' hypothesis.

Author

Colchero, Fernando, Aburto, José Manuel, Archie, Elizabeth A, Boesch, Christophe, Breuer, Thomas, Campos, Fernando A, Collins, Anthony, Conde, Dalia A, Cords, Marina, Crockford, Catherine, Thompson, Melissa Emery, Fedigan, Linda M, Fichtel, Claudia, Groenenberg, Milou, Hobaiter, Catherine, Kappeler, Peter M, Lawler, Richard R, Lewis, Rebecca J, Machanda, Zarin P, Manguette, Marie L, Muller, Martin N, Packer, Craig, Parnell, Richard J, Perry, Susan, Pusey, Anne E, Robbins, Martha M, Seyfarth, Robert M, Silk, Joan B, Staerk, Johanna, Stoinski, Tara S, Stokes, Emma J, Strier, Karen B, Strum, Shirley C, Tung, Jenny, Villavicencio, Francisco, Wittig, Roman M, Wrangham, Richard W, Zuberbühler, Klaus, Vaupel, James W, and Alberts, Susan C

Subjects
Animals, Primates, Humans, Life Expectancy, Mortality, Models, Statistical, Age Factors, Aging, Longevity, Female, Male, 1.2 Psychological and socioeconomic processes, Underpinning research, Generic health relevance, Good Health and Well Being
Abstract

Is it possible to slow the rate of ageing, or do biological constraints limit its plasticity? We test the 'invariant rate of ageing' hypothesis, which posits that the rate of ageing is relatively fixed within species, with a collection of 39 human and nonhuman primate datasets across seven genera. We first recapitulate, in nonhuman primates, the highly regular relationship between life expectancy and lifespan equality seen in humans. We next demonstrate that variation in the rate of ageing within genera is orders of magnitude smaller than variation in pre-adult and age-independent mortality. Finally, we demonstrate that changes in the rate of ageing, but not other mortality parameters, produce striking, species-atypical changes in mortality patterns. Our results support the invariant rate of ageing hypothesis, implying biological constraints on how much the human rate of ageing can be slowed.

Published
2021

7. A novel approach to estimate the distribution, density and at-sea risks of a centrally-placed mobile marine vertebrate

Author

Pikesley, Stephen K., Agamboue, Pierre Didier, Bayet, Jean Pierre, Bibang, Jean Noel, Bonguno, Eric Augowet, Boussamba, François, Broderick, Annette C., Coyne, Michael S., Du Plessis, Philippe, Faure, François Edgard, Fay, J. Michael, Formia, Angela, Godley, Brendan J., Kema, Judicael Regis Kema, Mabert, Brice Didier Koumba, Manfoumbi, Jean Churley, Asseko, Georges Mba, Metcalfe, Kristian, Minton, Gianna, Nelms, Sarah, Ngouessono, Solange, Nzegoue, Jacob, Ogandanga, Carole, Oliwina, Carmen Karen Kouerey, Otsagha, Franck, Parnell, Richard J., Gnandji, Micheline Schummer, Sounguet, Guy-Philippe, Wada, Mesmin, White, Lee, and Witt, Matthew J.

Published
2018
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8. Artisanal fisheries catch highlights hotspot for threatened sharks and rays in the Republic of the Congo

Author

Doherty, Philip D., primary, De Bruyne, Godefroy, additional, Moundzoho, Baudelaire Dissondet, additional, Dilambaka, Emmanuel, additional, Okondza, Gaston Ngassiki, additional, Atsango, Benoit C., additional, Ngouembe, Appolinaire, additional, Akendze, Tite R., additional, Parnell, Richard J., additional, Cournarie, Morgane, additional, Malonga, Richard, additional, Missamou, Antoine, additional, Godley, Brendan J., additional, and Metcalfe, Kristian, additional

Published
2023
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9. The social structure and behaviour of Western Lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) at Mbeli Bai, Republic of Congo

Author

Parnell, Richard J.

Subjects
599, Gorilla Behavior, Gorilla Congo (Democratic Republic), Animal societies
Abstract

Most of what we know of the socioecology and behaviour of gorillas comes from studies of mountain gorillas (Gorilla beringei beringei), despite their representing less than 1% of all gorillas in the wild. Western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) have received far less research effort, and difficulties in habituation have led previous studies to rely heavily on indirect trail evidence. This has prevented any in-depth comparison of social structure and behaviour between species. The discovery of swampy clearings frequented by western lowland gorillas in northern Congo has offered the first opportunity to obtain accurate demographic and behavioural data. This thesis reports on 6273 hours of observer presence at Mbeli Bai, which yielded 1681 hours of direct gorilla observation. Most data come from a population of 13 groups and 7 solitary silverbacks. Group size ranged from 2 to 16 (mean = 8.4, SD 4.3) which does not differ significantly from data published on most other populations. Female natal and secondary transfer were recorded, and male emigration from the natal group appeared universal (no multi-silverback groups were recorded). No evidence of sub-grouping or a fission-fusion grouping pattern was found. During intra-group interactions, no evidence was recorded of female philopatry, and silverbacks herded and intimidated females (especially new immigrants) to prevent emigration. Inter-unit interactions took place on only 42% of shared bai-use occasions, and levels of silverback agonism were much lower than in mountain gorillas, with peaceful mingling of groups recorded. Display behaviour was common, and two previously unrecorded agonistic displays (the splash display and the crest display) are described. No contact aggression between silverbacks was observed but evidence of wounding sustained in the forest suggests that the bai environment may inhibit such aggression. High visibility and the ease of silverback 'policing' are thought to create an unusually tolerant social dynamic, and as such, frequencies of certain social behaviours should probably be viewed as site-specific. The thesis offers the fullest account of western gorilla social structure and behaviour to date. Long-term monitoring of life history variables, if continued, will provide an unparalleled opportunity to understand the effects of habitat and food availability and more stochastic influences on western gorilla social structure, fitness, and survival.

Published
2002

12. Conservation‐relevant reproductive parameters from long‐term tagging of two globally important sea turtle nesting aggregations in Central Africa

Author

Casale, Paolo, primary, Abitsi, Gaspard, additional, Agamboue, Pierre Didier, additional, Augowet, Eric, additional, Bayet, Jean Pierre, additional, Billes, Alexis, additional, Bitsindou, Abdon, additional, Collins, Tim, additional, Doherty, Phil D., additional, Faure, François Edgard, additional, Fretey, Jacques, additional, du Plessis, Philippe, additional, Gibudi, Alain, additional, Godley, Brendan J., additional, Kema Kema, Judicaël Regis, additional, Koumba Mabert, Brice D., additional, Lamou Boussamba, François, additional, Maganga, Pierre Brice, additional, Manfoumbi, Jean Churley, additional, Ondo Ndong, Bienvenue, additional, Metcalfe, Kristian, additional, Minton, Gianna, additional, Mounguengui, Gil Avery, additional, Ngouessono, Solange, additional, Nzegoue, Jacob, additional, Kouerey Oliwina, Carmen Karen, additional, Parnell, Richard J., additional, Ricois, Sandrine, additional, Roumet, Dominique, additional, Sounguet, Guy‐Philippe, additional, Tilley, Dominic, additional, van Leeuwe, Hilde, additional, Verhage, Bas, additional, White, Lee, additional, Witt, Matthew J., additional, Viljoen, Wynand, additional, and Formia, Angela, additional

Published
2023
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14. Going the extra mile: Ground-based monitoring of olive ridley turtles reveals Gabon hosts the largest rookery in the Atlantic

Author

Metcalfe, Kristian, Agamboué, Pierre Didier, Augowet, Eric, Boussamba, Francois, Cardiec, Floriane, Fay, J. Michael, Formia, Angela, Kema Kema, Judicael Régis, Kouerey, Carmen, Mabert, Brice Didier Koumba, Maxwell, Sara M., Minton, Gianna, Mounguengui Mounguengui, Gil Avery, Moussounda, Carine, Moukoumou, Narcisse, Manfoumbi, Jean Churley, Nguema, Anicet Megne, Nzegoue, Jacob, Parnell, Richard J., du Plessis, Philippe, Sounguet, Guy-Philippe, Tilley, Dominic, Verhage, Sebastian, Viljoen, Wynand, White, Lee, Witt, Matthew J., and Godley, Brendan J.

Published
2015
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15. A first estimate of sea turtle bycatch in the industrial trawling fishery of Gabon

Author

Casale, Paolo, Abitsi, Gaspard, Aboro, Marie Pierre, Agamboue, Pierre Didier, Agbode, Laureen, Allela, Nontsé Lois, Angueko, Davy, Bibang Bi Nguema, Jean Noel, Boussamba, François, Cardiec, Floriane, Chartrain, Emmanuel, Ciofi, Claudio, Emane, Yves Armand, Fay, J. Michael, Godley, Brendan J., Kouerey Oliwiwina, Carmen Karen, de Dieu Lewembe, Jean, Leyoko, Donatien, Mba Asseko, Georges, Mengue M’adzaba, Pulcherie, Mve Beh, Jean Hervé, Natali, Chiara, Nyama-Mouketou, Clauvice, Nzegoue, Jacob, Ogandagas, Carole, Parnell, Richard J., Rerambyath, Guy Anicet, Gnandji, Micheline Schummer, Sounguet, Guy-Philippe, Tiwari, Manjula, Verhage, Bas, Vilela, Raul, White, Lee, Witt, Matthew J., and Formia, Angela

Published
2017
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16. Population dynamics of western gorillas at Mbeli Bai

Author

Robbins, Andrew M., Manguette, Marie L., Thomas Breuer, Milou Groenenberg, Parnell, Richard J., Claudia Stephan, Stokes, Emma J., and Robbins, Martha M.

Subjects
Male, Gorilla gorilla, Multidisciplinary, Ecology, Reproduction, ddc:570, Population Dynamics, Humans, Animals, Female, Hominidae
Abstract

Correction 19 Dec 2022: The PLOS ONE Staff (2022) Correction: Population dynamics of western gorillas at Mbeli Bai. PLOS ONE 17(12): e0279608. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0279608 View correction Abstract Long-term studies of population dynamics can provide insights into life history theory, population ecology, socioecology, conservation biology and wildlife management. Here we examine 25 years of population dynamics of western gorillas at Mbeli Bai, a swampy forest clearing in Nouabalé-Ndoki National Park, the Republic of Congo. The Mbeli population more than doubled from 101 to 226 gorillas during the study. After adjusting for a net influx of gorillas into the study population, the increase represents an inherent growth rate of 0.7% per year, with 95% confidence limits between -0.7% and 2.6%. The influx of gorillas mainly involved immigration of individuals into existing study groups (social dispersal), but it also included the appearance of a few previously unknown groups (locational dispersal). The average group size did not change significantly during the study, which is consistent with the possibility that western gorillas face socioecological constraints on group size, even when the population is increasing. We found no significant evidence of density dependence on female reproductive success or male mating competition. The distribution of gorillas among age/sex categories also did not change significantly, which suggests that the population had a stable age structure. Our results provide evidence of population stability or growth for some western gorillas (albeit within a small area). The results highlight the value of law enforcement, long-term monitoring, and protected areas; but they do not diminish the importance of improving conservation for this critically endangered species.

Published
2022

17. Population dynamics of western gorillas at Mbeli Bai

Author

Robbins, Andrew M., primary, Manguette, Marie L., additional, Breuer, Thomas, additional, Groenenberg, Milou, additional, Parnell, Richard J., additional, Stephan, Claudia, additional, Stokes, Emma J., additional, and Robbins, Martha M., additional

Published
2022
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18. Here today, here tomorrow: Beached timber in Gabon, a persistent threat to nesting sea turtles

Author

Pikesley, Stephen K., Agamboue, Pierre Didier, Bonguno, Eric Augowet, Boussamba, François, Cardiec, Floriane, Michael Fay, J., Formia, Angela, Godley, Brendan J., Laurance, William F., Mabert, Brice Didier Koumba, Mills, Cheryl, Mounguengui, Gil Avery Mounguengui, Moussounda, Carine, Ngouessono, Solange, Parnell, Richard J., Sounguet, Guy-Philippe, Verhage, Bas, White, Lee, and Witt, Matthew J.

Published
2013
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21. Fulfilling global marine commitments; lessons learned from Gabon

Author

Metcalfe, Kristian, White, Lee, Lee, Michelle E, Fay, J Michael, Abitsi, Gaspard, Parnell, Richard J, Smith, Robert J, Agamboue, Pierre Didier, Bayet, Jean Pierre, Beh, Jean Herve Mve, Bongo, Serge, Boussamba, Francois, De Bruyne, Godefroy, Cardiec, Floriane, and Chartrain, Emmanuel

Subjects
Post-2020 Biodiversity Framework, marine policy, Convention on Biological Diversity, Gabon, Aichi biodiversity targets, conservation optimism, marine protected areas, protected area targets
Abstract

As part of the Post-2020 Biodiversity Framework, nations are assessing progress over the past decade in addressing the underlying drivers that influence direct pressures on biodiversity and formulating new policies and strategies for the decade to come. For marine conservation, global marine protected area (MPA) coverage is still falling short of the 10% target set in 2010. Here we show that while this reflects a lack of progress in many low- and middle-income countries, a few of these nations have met or exceeded international commitments. To provide an in-depth explanation of how this was achieved in Gabon, we summarize the lessons learnt by our consortium of policy makers and practitioners who helped implement a comprehensive and ecologically representative network of 20 MPAs. We show the importance of creating a national framework, building long-term stakeholder support, and focusing on research that guides implementation and policy; and outline a four-step approach that countries and donors could use as an example to help meet international commitments. By responding to calls to share lessons learned to inform future Convention on Biological Diversity targets, we show how Gabon's experiences could inform change elsewhere.

Published
2022

25. Threats of illegal, unregulated, and unreported fishing to biodiversity and food security in the Republic of the Congo

Author

Doherty, Philip D., primary, Atsango, Benoit C., additional, Ngassiki, Gaston, additional, Ngouembe, Appolinaire, additional, Bréheret, Nathalie, additional, Chauvet, Eva, additional, Godley, Brendan J., additional, Machin, Lucie, additional, Moundzoho, Baudelaire Dissondet, additional, Parnell, Richard J., additional, and Metcalfe, Kristian, additional

Published
2021
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26. Social structure and life-history patterns in western gorillas

Author

Robbins, Martha M., Bermejo, Magdelena, Cippolletta, Chloe, Magliocca, Florence, Parnell, Richard J., and Stokes, Emma

Subjects
Gorillas -- Research, Gorillas -- Comparative analysis, Anthropology/archeology/folklore, Biological sciences, Health, Psychology and mental health
Abstract

Data on western gorilla social structure and life histories from four study sites is presented which makes comparisons with eastern gorilla populations. Key questions to be addressed utilizing information from sites representing a wide variety of ecological conditions are discussed to develop a better understanding of the way these conditions shape the social structure and life history pattern of all gorillas.

Published
2004

27. Hand preference for food processing in wild Western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla)

Author

Parnell, Richard J.

Subjects
Psychology, Comparative -- Research, Gorillas -- Psychological aspects, Laterality -- Research, Psychology and mental health
Abstract

Western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) have not previously been represented in studies of laterality in wild great apes. The discovery of swampy clearings frequented by gorillas in northern Congo has provided the first opportunity to redress this imbalance. Hand preference data are presented from 33 gorillas in seated and standing postures, covering the procurement and processing of 2 to 4 plant species. Levels of hand preference exhibited were low. When data from all postures and plant species were pooled, 33% of gorillas showed hand preferences in excess of chance. In the standing posture, more gorillas exhibited significant left-hand preferences than right, but an overall population-level bias was not evident.

Published
2001

30. “Too Big To Ignore”: A feasibility analysis of detecting fishing events in Gabonese small-scale fisheries

Author

Cardiec, Floriane, Bertrand, Sophie, Witt, Matthew J., Metcalfe, Kristian, Godley, Brendan J., Mcclellan, Catherine, Vilela, Raul, Parnell, Richard J., Le Loch, Francois, Cardiec, Floriane, Bertrand, Sophie, Witt, Matthew J., Metcalfe, Kristian, Godley, Brendan J., Mcclellan, Catherine, Vilela, Raul, Parnell, Richard J., and Le Loch, Francois

Abstract

In many developing countries, small-scale fisheries provide employment and important food security for local populations. To support resource management, the description of the spatiotemporal extent of fisheries is necessary, but often poorly understood due to the diffuse nature of effort, operated from numerous small wooden vessels. Here, in Gabon, Central Africa, we applied Hidden Markov Models to detect fishing patterns in seven different fisheries (with different gears) from GPS data. Models were compared to information collected by on-board observers (7 trips) and, at a larger scale, to a visual interpretation method (99 trips). Models utilizing different sampling resolutions of GPS acquisition were also tested. Model prediction accuracy was high with GPS data sampling rates up to three minutes apart. The minor loss of accuracy linked to model classification is largely compensated by the savings in time required for analysis, especially in a context of nations or organizations with limited resources. This method could be applied to larger datasets at a national or international scale to identify and more adequately manage fishing effort.

Published
2020
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32. Tracking foraging green turtles in the Republic of the Congo: insights into spatial ecology from a data poor region

Author

Metcalfe, Kristian, primary, Bréheret, Nathalie, additional, Bal, Gaëlle, additional, Chauvet, Eva, additional, Doherty, Philip D., additional, Formia, Angela, additional, Girard, Alexandre, additional, Mavoungou, Jean-Gabriel, additional, Parnell, Richard J., additional, Pikesley, Stephen K., additional, and Godley, Brendan J., additional

Published
2020
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33. Using Cumulative Impact Mapping to Prioritize Marine Conservation Efforts in Equatorial Guinea

Author

Trew, Brittany T., primary, Grantham, Hedley S., additional, Barrientos, Christian, additional, Collins, Tim, additional, Doherty, Philip D., additional, Formia, Angela, additional, Godley, Brendan J., additional, Maxwell, Sara M., additional, Parnell, Richard J., additional, Pikesley, Stephen K., additional, Tilley, Dominic, additional, Witt, Matthew J., additional, and Metcalfe, Kristian, additional

Published
2019
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35. Group size and structure in western Lowland Gorillas (Gorilla Gorilla Gorilla) at Mbeli Bai, Republic of Congo

Author

Parnell, Richard J.

Subjects
Social behavior in animals -- Research, Gorillas -- Research, Anthropology/archeology/folklore, Biological sciences, Health, Psychology and mental health
Abstract

The size and structure of western lowland Gorilla groups visiting Mbeli Bai, a swampy forest clearing in northern Congo are described. The classification of multi-male groups and demographic profiles of other populations are discussed.

Published
2002

36. Addressing Uncertainty in Marine Resource Management; Combining Community Engagement and Tracking Technology to Characterize Human Behavior

Author

Metcalfe, Kristian, primary, Collins, Tim, additional, Abernethy, Kirsten E., additional, Boumba, Richard, additional, Dengui, Jean‐Claude, additional, Miyalou, Ricky, additional, Parnell, Richard J., additional, Plummer, Kate E., additional, Russell, Debbie J.F., additional, Safou, Gilbert Koumba, additional, Tilley, Dominic, additional, Turner, Rachel A., additional, VanLeeuwe, Hilde, additional, Witt, Matthew J., additional, and Godley, Brendan J., additional

Published
2016
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38. Addressing Uncertainty in Marine Resource Management; Combining Community Engagement and Tracking Technology to Characterize Human Behavior.

Author

Metcalfe, Kristian, Collins, Tim, Abernethy, Kirsten E., Boumba, Richard, Dengui, Jean‐Claude, Miyalou, Ricky, Parnell, Richard J., Plummer, Kate E., Russell, Debbie J.F., Safou, Gilbert Koumba, Tilley, Dominic, Turner, Rachel A., VanLeeuwe, Hilde, Witt, Matthew J., and Godley, Brendan J.

Subjects
MARINE resource management, MARINE resources conservation, FISHERIES, EMPLOYMENT, GLOBAL Positioning System
Abstract

Small-scale fisheries provide an essential source of food and employment for coastal communities, yet the availability of detailed information on the spatiotemporal distribution of fishing effort to support resource management at a country level is scarce. Here, using a national-scale study in the Republic of Congo, we engaged with fishers from 23 of 28 small-scale fisheries landing sites along the coast to demonstrate how combining community engagement and relatively low cost Global Positioning System (GPS) trackers can rapidly provide fine-scale information on: (1) the behavioral dynamics of the fishers and fleets that operate within this sector; and (2) the location, size and attributes of important fishing grounds upon which communities are dependent. This multidisciplinary approach should be considered within a global context where uncertainty over the behavior of marine and terrestrial resource-users can lead to management decisions that potentially compromise local livelihoods, conservation, and resource sustainability goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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40. Using Satellite Tracking to Optimize Protection of Long-Lived Marine Species: Olive Ridley Sea Turtle Conservation in Central Africa

Author

Maxwell, Sara M., primary, Breed, Greg A., additional, Nickel, Barry A., additional, Makanga-Bahouna, Junior, additional, Pemo-Makaya, Edgard, additional, Parnell, Richard J., additional, Formia, Angela, additional, Ngouessono, Solange, additional, Godley, Brendan J., additional, Costa, Daniel P., additional, Witt, Matthew J., additional, and Coyne, Michael S., additional

Published
2011
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45. Life-history patterns of the Sitatunga ( Tragelaphus spekii) at Mbeli Bai, northern Congo.

Author

Manguette, Marie L., Greenway, Kelly W., Kandza, Vidrige H., Breuer‐Ndoundou Hockemba, Mireille, Mavinga, Franck B., Parnell, Richard J., Stokes, Emma J., and Breuer, Thomas

Subjects
TRAGELAPHUS spekei, RAIN forests, BIG data, HUMAN reproduction
Abstract

The article analysis life-history patterns of the free-ranging rain forest Sitatunga at Mbeli Bai, northern Congo. It discusses about a study that was conducted utilizes a 20-year data set on the natural forest Sitatungas visiting Mbeli Bai clearing in the south-west of the Nouabalé-Ndoki National Park; rate of reproduction in Sitatungas population; and materials and methods used for the study.

Published
2017
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