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6. Growth and maturation in elite youth soccer players

Author

Parr, J.

Subjects
796.334
Abstract

Soccer is the world's most popular sport, with individuals of different standards and ages competing. The identification and development of youth soccer players with the potential to reach professional status has come more into focus over recent decades. Maturity presents a compelling paradox for young soccer players. During adolescence, individuals mature at different rates; the timing and tempo of specific maturational events can vary significantly with some individuals entering puberty well in advance or delay of their same age peers. Additionally, both physical performance parameters and match running metrics can fluctuate during this period. The aim of this thesis was to investigate longitudinally the consequences of biological maturity on various physical performance parameters and match running metrics amongst a total of 84 elite youth soccer players aged 11.3 - 18.0 years of age. Initially, two common non-invasive methods for assessing maturity status, and a simple age-based strategy were compared to determine the accuracy in differentiating youths of varying maturity status. Longitudinal research was conducted over the course of five consecutive years, on a total of 28 elite youth soccer players. The study demonstrated the utility of the percentage height window determined using the Khamis-Roche equation, with maturity status estimated through this method showing a statistically significant improvement over chance (χ 2 = 19.17), whereas Mirwald maturity offset method did not (χ 2 = 1.09). Having established the most reliable and valid method for determining maturation status in elite academy soccer players, the main and interactive effects of biological maturity and relative age upon physical performance metrics (5 m and 20 m sprint, change of direction, countermovement jump height and reactive strength index) were investigated for one competitive playing season. Maturation was associated with performance on all but one of the physical fitness tests, reactive strength index (5 m - p < 0.01; 20 m - p < 0.01; change of direction - p < 0.01; countermovement jump - p < 0.01 and reactive strength index - p > 0.05). In contrast, relative age only served as a significant predictor of fitness on the countermovement jump (5 m - p > 0.05; 20 m - p > 0.05; change of direction - p > 0.05; countermovement jump - p < 0.05 and reactive strength index - p > 0.05). The interaction between these two constructs was also tests, however showed no statistical significance. Having found that maturation effects training data, the extent to which variance in biological maturation also contributed to in-match running performance (total distance covered, distance at high speed, distance at very high speed, maximum speed and the number of accelerations made from zone 4 to zone 6) across age groups (U14s, n = 21, U15/16s, n =16) over one competitive playing season was examined. There was a suggestion that maturation does have an impact on high speed match running metrics within the U14 age group (p < 0.05), however some of this variance may be attributed to the same individuals under / over performing consistently in matches on the match running metrics. Furthermore, within the U15/16s age group, the influence of maturation on match running metrics appeared to have less of an impact. Finally, to better understand the associations between biological maturation and fitness performance, Chapter 7 aimed to identify the overall dynamics of fitness performance relative to the timing of the adolescent growth spurt in 30 elite youth soccer players measured for six consecutive years. Measured velocities for fitness performance metrics did not express themselves at the same time relative to age at peak height velocity; however, these ii fitness metrics reached a peak around the time of maximal growth in height (12 months pre- to 12 months post-peak height velocity), with peaks in performance occurring for 5 m ~ 24 months pre and 12 months pre-peak height velocity; 20 m ~ 18 months pre-peak height velocity; COD ~ 12 months pre-peak height velocity, at moment of peak height velocity and 6 months post-peak height velocity; countermovement jump ~ 6 months pre-peak height velocity and RSI at moment of peak height velocity, respectively. In all the physical performance metrics measured, physical performance continued to show improvements following peak height velocity. The overall findings of this thesis have demonstrated the effects of maturity status on match running and fitness performance in elite youth male soccer players. Being able to correctly identify the interval of the adolescent growth spurt is of use to practitioners working in this area. During adolescence, maturity had a positive influence on high speed match running, and on tests of short and long sprint time, change of direction and explosive leg power.

Published
2020

8. Reducing Grip Uncertainty During Initial Prosthetic Hand Use Improves Eye-Hand Coordination and Lowers Mental Workload.

Author

Mohamed, M. O., Wood, G., Wright, D. J., and Parr, J. V. V.

Subjects
ARTIFICIAL hands, EYE-hand coordination, GAZE, MYOELECTRIC prosthesis, VISUOMOTOR coordination, REPEATED measures design
Abstract

The reliance on vision to control a myoelectric prosthesis is cognitively burdensome and contributes to device abandonment. The feeling of uncertainty when gripping an object is thought to be the cause of this overreliance on vision in hand-related actions. We explored if experimentally reducing grip uncertainty alters the visuomotor control and mental workload experienced during initial prosthesis use. In a repeated measures design, twenty-one able-bodied participants took part in a pouring task across three conditions: (a) using their anatomical hand, (b) using a myoelectric prosthetic hand simulator, and (c) using a myoelectric prosthetic hand simulator with Velcro attached to reduce grip uncertainty. Performance, gaze behaviour (using mobile eye-tracking) and self-reported mental workload, was measured. Results showed that using a prosthesis (with or without Velcro) slowed task performance, impaired typical eye-hand coordination and increased mental workload compared to anatomic hand control. However, when using the prosthesis with Velcro, participants displayed better prosthesis control, more effective eye-hand coordination and reduced mental workload compared to when using the prosthesis without Velcro. These positive results indicate that reducing grip uncertainty could be a useful tool for encouraging more effective prosthesis control strategies in the early stages of prosthetic hand learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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9. The corticomuscular response to experimental pain via blood flow occlusion when applied to the ipsilateral and contralateral leg during an isometric force task.

Author

Zambolin, F., Duro Ocana, P., Goulding, R., Sanderson, A., Venturelli, M., Wood, G., McPhee, J., and Parr, J. V. V.

Subjects
BLOOD flow, TASK forces, ALPHA rhythm, BLOOD flow restriction training, LEG pain, REPEATED measures design
Abstract

Blood flow occlusion (BFO) has been previously used to investigate physiological responses to muscle ischemia, showing increased perceptual effort (RPE) and pain along with impaired neuromuscular performance. However, at present, it is unclear how BFO alters corticomuscular activities when either applied to the exercising or nonexercising musculature. The present study therefore set out to assess the corticomuscular response to these distinct BFO paradigms during an isometric contraction precision task. In a repeated measures design, fifteen participants (age = 27.00 ± 5.77) completed 15 isometric contractions across three experimental conditions; no occlusion (CNTRL), occlusion of the contralateral (i.e., nonexercising) limb (CON‐OCC), and occlusion of the ipsilateral (i.e., exercising) limb (IPS‐OCC). Measures of force, electroencephalographic (EEG), and electromyographic (EMG) were recorded during contractions. We observed that IPS‐OCC broadly impaired force steadiness, elevated EMG of the vastus lateralis, and heightened RPE and pain. IPSI‐OCC also significantly decreased corticomuscular coherence during the early phase of contraction and decreased EEG alpha activity across the sensorimotor and temporoparietal regions during the middle and late phases of contraction compared with CNTRL. By contrast, CON‐OCC increased perceived levels of pain (but not RPE) and decreased EEG alpha activity across the prefrontal cortex during the middle and late phases of contraction, with no changes observed for EMG and force steadiness. Together, these findings highlight distinctive psychophysiological responses to experimental pain via BFO showing altered cortical activities (CON‐OCC) and altered cortical, corticomuscular, and neuromuscular activities (IPS‐OCC) when applied to the lower limbs during an isometric force precision task. Blood flow occlusion is a common experimental model to induce pain and fatigue during exercise. However, the corticomuscular mechanisms underlying this model remain poorly understood. In this study, we show that blood flow occlusion of non‐exercising musculature elicits a suppression of electromyographic (EEG) alpha activity across the prefrontal cortex. By contrast, occlusion of exercising musculature elicits a suppression of EEG alpha activity across central and posterior cortical regions and impairs both brain‐muscle communication and neuromuscular activation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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14. Fracture fixation in the operative management of hip fractures (FAITH): an international, multicentre, randomised controlled trial

Author

Nauth, Aaron, Creek, Aaron T., Zellar, Abby, Lawendy, Abdel-Rahman, Dowrick, Adam, Gupta, Ajay, Dadi, Akhil, van Kampen, Albert, Yee, Albert, de Vries, Alexander C., de Mol van Otterloo, Alexander, Garibaldi, Alisha, Liew, Allen, McIntyre, Allison W., Prasad, Amal Shankar, Romero, Amanda W., Rangan, Amar, Oatt, Amber, Sanghavi, Amir, Foley, Amy L., Karlsten, Anders, Dolenc, Andrea, Bucknill, Andrew, Chia, Andrew, Evans, Andrew, Gong, Andrew, Schmidt, Andrew H., Marcantonio, Andrew J., Jennings, Andrew, Ward, Angela, Khanna, Angshuman, Rai, Anil, Smits, Anke B., Horan, Annamarie D., Brekke, Anne Christine, Flynn, Annette, Duraikannan, Aravin, Stødle, Are, van Vugt, Arie B., Luther, Arlene, Zurcher, Arthur W., Jain, Arvind, Amundsen, Asgeir, Moaveni, Ash, Carr, Ashley, Sharma, Ateet, Hill, Austin D., Trommer, Axel, Rai, B. Sachidananda, Hileman, Barbara, Schreurs, Bart, Verhoeven, Bart, Barden, Benjamin B., Flatøy, Bernhard, Cleffken, Berry I., Bøe, Berthe, Perey, Bertrand, Hanusch, Birgit C., Weening, Brad, Fioole, Bram, Rijbroek, Bram, Crist, Brett D., Halliday, Brett, Peterson, Brett, Mullis, Brian, Richardson, C. Glen, Clark, Callum, Sagebien, Carlos A., van der Pol, Carmen C., Bowler, Carol, Humphrey, Catherine A., Coady, Catherine, Koppert, Cees L., Coles, Chad, Tannoury, Chadi, DePaolo, Charles J., Gayton, Chris, Herriott, Chris, Reeves, Christina, Tieszer, Christina, Dobb, Christine, Anderson, Christopher G., Sage, Claire, Cuento, Claudine, Jones, Clifford B., Bosman, Coks H.R., Linehan, Colleen, van der Hart, Cor P., Henderson, Corey, Lewis, Courtland G., Davis, Craig A., Donohue, Craig, Mauffrey, Cyril, Sundaresh, D.C., Farrell, Dana J., Whelan, Daniel B., Horwitz, Daniel, Stinner, Daniel, Viskontas, Darius, Roffey, Darren M., Alexander, David, Karges, David E., Hak, David, Johnston, David, Love, David, Wright, David M., Zamorano, David P., Goetz, David R., Sanders, David, Stephen, David, Yen, David, Bardana, Davide, Olakkengil, Davy J, Lawson, Deanna, Maddock, Deborah, Sietsema, Debra L., Pourmand, Deeba, Den Hartog, Dennis, Donegan, Derek, Heels-Ansdell, Diane, Nam, Diane, Inman, Dominic, Boyer, Dory, Li, Doug, Gibula, Douglas, Price, Dustin M., Watson, Dylan J., Hammerberg, E. Mark, Tan, Edward T.C.H., de Graaf, Eelco J.R., Vesterhus, Elise Berg, Roper, Elizabeth, Edwards, Elton, Schemitsch, Emil H., Hammacher, Eric R., Henderson, Eric R., Whatley, Erica, Torres, Erick T., Vermeulen, Erik G.J., Finn, Erin, Van Lieshout, Esther M.M., Wai, Eugene K., Bannister, Evan R., Kile, Evelyn, Theunissen, Evert B.M., Ritchie, Ewan D., Khan, Farah, Moola, Farhad, Howells, Fiona, de Nies, Frank, van der Heijden, Frank H.W.M., de Meulemeester, Frank R.A.J., Frihagen, Frede, Nilsen, Fredrik, Schmidt, G. Ben, Albers, G.H. Robert, Gudger, Garland K., Jr, Johnson, Garth, Gruen, Gary, Zohman, Gary, Sharma, Gaurav, Wood, Gavin, Tetteroo, Geert W.M., Hjorthaug, Geir, Jomaas, Geir, Donald, Geoff, Rieser, Geoffrey Ryan, Reardon, Gerald, Slobogean, Gerard P., Roukema, Gert R, Visser, Gijs A., Moatshe, Gilbert, Horner, Gillian, Rose, Glynis, Guyatt, Gordon, Chuter, Graham, Etherington, Greg, Rocca, Gregory J. Della, Ekås, Guri, Dobbin, Gwendolyn, Lemke, H. Michael, Curry, Hamish, Boxma, Han, Gissel, Hannah, Kreder, Hans, Kuiken, Hans, Brom, Hans L.F., Pape, Hans-Christoph, van der Vis, Harm M, Bedi, Harvinder, Vallier, Heather A., Brien, Heather, Silva, Heather, Newman, Heike, Viveiros, Helena, van der Hoeven, Henk, Ahn, Henry, Johal, Herman, Rijna, Herman, Stockmann, Heyn, Josaputra, Hong A., Carlisle, Hope, van der Brand, Igor, Dawson, Imro, Tarkin, Ivan, Wong, Ivan, Parr, J. Andrew, Trenholm, J. Andrew, Goslings, J. Carel, Amirault, J. David, Broderick, J. Scott, Snellen, Jaap P., Zijl, Jacco A.C., Ahn, Jaimo, Ficke, James, Irrgang, James, Powell, James, Ringler, James R., Shaer, James, Monica, James T., Biert, Jan, Bosma, Jan, Brattgjerd, Jan Egil, Frölke, Jan Paul M., Wille, Jan, Rajakumar, Janakiraman, Walker, Jane E., Baker, Janell K., Ertl, Janos P., de Vries, Jean Paul P.M., Gardeniers, Jean W.M., May, Jedediah, Yach, Jeff, Hidy, Jennifer T., Westberg, Jerald R., Hall, Jeremy A., van Mulken, Jeroen, McBeth, Jessica Cooper, Hoogendoorn, Jochem, Hoffman, Jodi M., Cherian, Joe Joseph, Tanksley, John A., Jr., Clarke-Jenssen, John, Adams, John D., Esterhai, John, Tilzey, John F., Murnaghan, John, Ketz, John P., Garfi, John S., Schwappach, John, Gorczyca, John T., Wyrick, John, Rydinge, Jonas, Foret, Jonathan L., Gross, Jonathan M., Keeve, Jonathan P., Meijer, Joost, Scheepers, Joris J.G., Baele, Joseph, O'Neil, Joseph, Cass, Joseph R., Hsu, Joseph R., Dumais, Jules, Lee, Julia, Switzer, Julie A., Agel, Julie, Richards, Justin E., Langan, Justin W., Turckan, Kahn, Pecorella, Kaili, Rai, Kamal, Aurang, Kamran, Shively, Karl, van Wessem, Karlijn, Moon, Karyn, Eke, Kate, Erwin, Katie, Milner, Katrine, Ponsen, Kees Jan, Mills, Kelli, Apostle, Kelly, Johnston, Kelly, Trask, Kelly, Strohecker, Kent, Stringfellow, Kenya, Kruse, Kevin K., III, Tetsworth, Kevin, Mitchell, Khalis, Browner, Kieran, Hemlock, Kim, Carcary, Kimberly, Jørgen Haug, Knut, Noble, Krista, Robbins, Kristin, Payton, Krystal, Jeray, Kyle J., Rubino, L. Joseph, Nastoff, Lauren A., Leffler, Lauren C., Stassen, Laurents P.S., O'Malley, Lawrence K., II, Specht, Lawrence M., Thabane, Lehana, Geeraedts, Leo M.G., Shell, Leslie E., Anderson, Linda K., Eickhoff, Linda S., Lyle, Lindsey, Pilling, Lindsey, Buckingham, Lisa, Cannada, Lisa K., Wild, Lisa M., Dulaney-Cripe, Liz, Poelhekke, Lodewijk M.S.J., Govaert, Lonneke, Ton, Lu, Kottam, Lucksy, Leenen, Luke P.H., Clipper, Lydia, Jackson, Lyle T., Hampton, Lynne, de Waal Malefijt, Maarten C., Simons, Maarten P., van der Elst, Maarten, Bronkhorst, Maarten W.G.A., Bhatia, Mahesh, Swiontkowski, Marc, Lobo, Margaret J., Swinton, Marilyn, Pirpiris, Marinis, Molund, Marius, Gichuru, Mark, Glazebrook, Mark, Harrison, Mark, Jenkins, Mark, MacLeod, Mark, de Vries, Mark R., Butler, Mark S., Nousiainen, Markku, van 't Riet, Martijne, Tynan, Martin C., Campo, Martin, Eversdijk, Martin G., Heetveld, Martin J., Richardson, Martin, Breslin, Mary, Fan, Mary, Edison, Matt, Napierala, Matthew, Knobe, Matthias, Russ, Matthias, Zomar, Mauri, de Brauw, Maurits, Esser, Max, Hurley, Meghan, Peters, Melissa E., Lorenzo, Melissa, Li, Mengnai, Archdeacon, Michael, Biddulph, Michael, Charlton, Michael, McDonald, Michael D., McKee, Michael D., Dunbar, Michael, Torchia, Michael E., Gross, Michael, Hewitt, Michael, Holt, Michael, Prayson, Michael J., Edwards, Michael J.R., Beckish, Michael L., Brennan, Michael L., Dohm, Michael P., Kain, Michael S.H., Vogt, Michelle, Yu, Michelle, Verhofstad, Michiel H.J., Segers, Michiel J.M., Siroen, Michiel P.C., Reed, Mike, Vicente, Milena R., Bruijninckx, Milko M.M., Trivedi, Mittal, Bhandari, Mohit, Moore, Molly M., Kunz, Monica, Smedsrud, Morten, Palla, Naveen, Jain, Neeraj, Out, Nico J.M., Simunovic, Nicole, Schep, Niels W.L., Müller, Oliver, Guicherit, Onno R., Van Waes, Oscar J.F., Wang, Otis, Doornebosch, Pascal G., Seuffert, Patricia, Hesketh, Patrick J., Weinrauch, Patrick, Duffy, Paul, Keller, Paul, Lafferty, Paul M., Pincus, Paul, Tornetta, Paul, III, Zalzal, Paul, McKay, Paula, Cole, Peter A., de Rooij, Peter D., Hull, Peter, Go, Peter M.N.Y.M., Patka, Peter, Siska, Peter, Weingarten, Peter, Kregor, Philip, Stahel, Philip, Stull, Philip, Wittich, Philippe, de Rijcke, Piet A.R., Oprel, Pim, Devereaux, PJ, Zhou, Qi, Lee Murphy, R., Jr., Alosky, Rachel, Clarkson, Rachel, Moon, Raely, Logishetty, Rajanikanth, Nanda, Rajesh, Sullivan, Raymond J., Snider, Rebecca G., Buckley, Richard E., Iorio, Richard, Farrugia, Richard J, Jenkinson, Richard, Laughlin, Richard, Groenendijk, Richard P.R., Gurich, Richard W., Jr, Worman, Ripley, Silvis, Rob, Haverlag, Robert, Teasdall, Robert J., Korley, Robert, McCormack, Robert, Probe, Robert, Cantu, Robert V., Huff, Roger B., Simmermacher, Rogier K.J., Peters, Rolf, Pfeifer, Roman, Liem, Ronald, Wessel, Ronald N., Verhagen, Ronald, Vuylsteke, Ronald, Leighton, Ross, McKercher, Ross, Poolman, Rudolf W., Miller, Russell, Bicknell, Ryan, Finnan, Ryan, Khan, Ryan M., Mehta, Samir, Vang, Sandy, Singh, Sanjay, Anand, Sanjeev, Anderson, Sarah A., Dawson, Sarah A., Marston, Scott B., Porter, Scott E., Watson, Scott T., Festen, Sebastiaan, Lieberman, Shane, Puloski, Shannon, Bielby, Shea A., Sprague, Sheila, Hess, Shelley, MacDonald, Shelley, Evans, Simone, Bzovsky, Sofia, Hasselund, Sondre, Lewis, Sophie, Ugland, Stein, Caminiti, Stephanie, Tanner, Stephanie L., Zielinski, Stephanie M., Shepard, Stephanie, Sems, Stephen A., Walter, Stephen D., Doig, Stephen, Finley, Stephen H., Kates, Stephen, Lindenbaum, Stephen, Kingwell, Stephen P., Csongvay, Steve, Papp, Steve, Buijk, Steven E., Rhemrev, Steven J., Hollenbeck, Steven M., van Gaalen, Steven M., Yang, Steven, Weinerman, Stuart, Subash, Lambert, Sue, Liew, Susan, Meylaerts, Sven A.G., Blokhuis, Taco J., de Vries Reilingh, Tammo S., Lona, Tarjei, Scott, Taryn, Swenson, Teresa K., Endres, Terrence J., Axelrod, Terry, van Egmond, Teun, Pace, Thomas B., Kibsgård, Thomas, Schaller, Thomas M., Ly, Thuan V., Miller, Timothy J., Weber, Timothy, Le, Toan, Oliver, Todd M., Karsten, Tom M., Borch, Tor, Hoseth, Tor Magne, Nicolaisen, Tor, Ianssen, Torben, Rutherford, Tori, Nanney, Tracy, Gervais, Trevor, Stone, Trevor, Schrickel, Tyson, Scrabeck, Tyson, Ganguly, Utsav, Naumetz, V., Frizzell, Valda, Wadey, Veronica, Jones, Vicki, Avram, Victoria, Mishra, Vimlesh, Yadav, Vineet, Arora, Vinod, Tyagi, Vivek, Borsella, Vivian, Willems, W. Jaap, Hoffman, W.H., Gofton, Wade T., Lackey, Wesley G., Ghent, Wesley, Obremskey, William, Oxner, William, Cross, William W., III, Murtha, Yvonne M., and Murdoch, Zoe

Published
2017
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15. Feasibility and data quality of electroencephalogram in a randomised clinical trial of arbaclofen in autistic children and adolescents

Author

Del Bianco, T., primary, Haartsen, R., additional, Mason, L., additional, San José Cáceres, A., additional, Colomar, L., additional, Lefebvre, A., additional, Antoun, S., additional, Pedoux, A., additional, Campana, F., additional, Magán Maganto, M., additional, Tomas, A., additional, Cooke, J., additional, Alawi, Z., additional, Bianchi, L., additional, Winder, A., additional, Beattie, L., additional, Parellada, M., additional, Arango, C., additional, Delorme, R., additional, Calvo-Escalona, R., additional, Charman, T., additional, Strydom, A., additional, Murphy, D., additional, Parr, J., additional, Anagnostou, E., additional, Punukollu, M., additional, Wang, P., additional, Lippé, S., additional, and Jones, E., additional

Published
2023
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18. Charge Transport Across Dynamic Covalent Chemical Bridges

Author

Miao Z., Quainoo T., Czyszczon-Burton T. M., Rotthowe N., Parr J. M., Liu Z., and Inkpen M.S.

Subjects
ordered polymers, single-molecule junctions, dynamic covalent chemistry, electronic coupling, electronegativity
Abstract

Relationships between chemical structure and conductivity in ordered polymers (OPs) are difficult to probe using bulk samples. We propose that conductance measurements of appropriate molecular-scale models can reveal trends in electronic coupling(s) between repeat units that may help inform OP design. Here, we apply the scanning tunneling microscope-based break-junction (STM-BJ) method to study transport through single-molecules comprising OP-relevant imine, imidazole, diazaborole, and boronate ester dynamic covalent chemical bridges. Notably, solution-stable boron-based compounds dissociate in situ unless measured under a rigorously inert glovebox atmosphere. We find that junction conductance negatively correlates with the electronegativity difference between bridge atoms, and corroborative first-principles calculations further reveal a different nodal structure in the transmission eigenchannels of boronate ester junctions. This work reaffirms expectations that highly polarized bridge motifs represent poor choices for the construction of OPs with high through-bond conductivity and underscores the utility of glovebox STM-BJ instrumentation for studies of air-sensitive materials.

Published
2022

19. New Interview and Observation Measures of the Broader Autism Phenotype: Impressions of Interviewee Measure

Author

Pickles, A., Parr, J. R., and Rutter, M. L.

Abstract

A 20 item observational measure of social functioning, the Impression of Interviewee rating scale, is one of three measures devised to assess the broader autism phenotype. The sample studied included families containing at least two individuals with autism spectrum disorder; observations were undertaken by the researcher who interviewed the subject. An exploratory factor analysis suggested a single factor was most appropriate (Cronbach's a of 0.78). There was a modest but significant retest correlation of 0.42. Correlations between live ratings and blind consensus ratings of vignettes were high (0.93). Correlations with the interview measures were moderate but statistically significant. In conclusion, the observational scale provides a promising start but further work is required before general use can be recommended.

Published
2013
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36. A Little Less of the 'Who Pays?'...A Little More of the 'What For?'

Author

Parr, J. Gordon

Abstract

Assuming that the student is central to the university, postsecondary funding should be through student fees with substantial student aid that will: (1) promote equal accessibility to all forms of postsecondary education: (2) effects a separation between government and the institution; and (3) gives the appearance of greater independence to the student. (Author/PG)

Published
1973

40. O07.6 Establishing a global consortium for syphilis vaccine development: patient enrollment and sample procurement for Treponema pallidum genome and OMPeome sequencing

Author

Seña, A, primary, Yang, B, additional, Yang, L, additional, Zheng, H, additional, Tucker, J, additional, Matoga, M, additional, Hoffman, I, additional, Lopez-Medina, E, additional, Ramirez, L, additional, Chen, J, additional, Owino, M, additional, Vigil, J, additional, Šmajs, D, additional, Pospíšilová, P, additional, Caimano, M, additional, Hawley, K, additional, Parr, J, additional, Moody, M, additional, Radolf, J, additional, and Salazar, J, additional

Published
2021
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41. O20.4 Evaluation of global Treponema pallidum genetic diversity using representative sampling and high-throughput genomic analysis

Author

Nindo, F, primary, Pospíšilová, P, additional, Hennelly, C, additional, Hawley, K, additional, Luthra, A, additional, Davenport, T, additional, Sena, A, additional, Chen, W, additional, Jiang, Y, additional, Yang, B, additional, Yang, L, additional, Zheng, H, additional, Matoga, M, additional, Hoffman, I, additional, Lopez, E, additional, Ramirez, L, additional, Caimano, M, additional, Salazar, J, additional, Moody, M, additional, Rudolf, J, additional, Juliano, J, additional, Smajs, D, additional, and Parr, J, additional

Published
2021
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42. Reliability, Validity, and Responsiveness of the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index for Elderly Patients with a Femoral Neck Fracture

Author

Burgers, Paul T.P.W., Poolman, Rudolf W, Van Bakel, Theodorus MJ, Tuinebreijer, Wim E, Zielinski, Stephanie M, Bhandari, Mohit, Patka, Peter, Van Lieshout, Esther MM, Bhandari, Mohit, Devereaux, P J, Guyatt, Gordon H, Einhorn, Thomas A, Thabane, Lehana, Schemitsch, Emil H, Koval, Kenneth J, Frihagen, Frede, Poolman, Rudolf W, Tetsworth, Kevin, Guerra-Farfan, Ernesto, Walter, Stephen D, Sprague, Sheila, Swinton, Marilyn, Scott, Taryn, McKay, Paula, Madden, Kim, Heels-Ansdell, Diane, Buckingham, Lisa, Duraikannan, Aravin, Silva, Heather, Heetveld, Martin J, Van Lieshout, Esther MM, Burgers, Paul T.P.W., Zura, Robert D, Avram, Victoria, Manjoo, Ajay, Williams, Dale, Antoniou, John, Ramsay, Tim, Bogoch, Earl R, Trenholm, Andrew, Lyman, Stephen, Mazumdar, Madhu, Bozic, Kevin J, Luborsky, Mark, Goodman, Stuart, Muray, Susan, Korley, Rob, Buckley, Richard, Duffy, Paul, Puloski, Shannon, Carcary, Kimberly, Lorenzo, Melissa, McKee, Michael D, Hall, Jeremy A, Nauth, Aaron, Whelan, Daniel, Daniels, Timothy R, Waddell, James P, Ahn, Henry, Vicente, Milena R, Hidy, Jennifer T, MacNevin, Melanie T, Kreder, Hans, Axelrod, Terry, Jenkinson, Richard, Nousiainen, Markku, Stephen, David, Wadey, Veronica, Kunz, Monica, Milner, Katrine, Cagaanan, Ria, MacNevin, Melanie, O’Brien, Peter J, Blachut, Piotr A, Broekhuyse, Henry M, Guy, Pierre, Lefaivre, Kelly A, Slobogean, Gerard P, Johal, Raman, Leung, Irene, Coles, Chad, Leighton, Ross, Richardson, C. Glen, Biddulph, Michael, Gross, Michael, Dunbar, Michael, Amirault, J. David, Alexander, David, Coady, Catherine, Glazebrook, Mark, Johnston, David, Oxner, William, Reardon, Gerald, Wong, Ivan, Trask, Kelly, MacDonald, Shelley, Furey, Andrew, Stone, Craig, Parsons, Minnie, Stone, Trevor, Zomar, Mauri, McCormack, Robert, Apostle, Kelly, Boyer, Dory, Moola, Farhad, Perey, Bertrand, Viskontas, Darius, Moon, Karyn, Moon, Raely, Laflamme, Yves, Benoit, Benoit, Ranger, Pierre, Malo, Michel, Fernandes, Julio, Tardif, Karine, Fournier, Julie, Vendittoli, Pascal André, Massé, Vincent, Roy, Alain G, Lavigne, Martin, Lusignan, Daniel, Davis, Craig, Stull, Philip, Weinerman, Stewart, Weingarten, Peter, Lindenbaum, Steven, Hewitt, Michael, Danielwicz, Rebecca, Baker, Janell, Mont, Michael, Delanois, Donald E, Kapadia, Bhaveen, Issa, Kimona, Mullen, Marylou, Sems, Andrew, Foreman, Barb, Parvizi, Javad, Morrison, Tiffany, Lewis, Courtland, Caminiti, Stephanie, Tornetta, Paul, III, Creevy, William R, Lespasio, Michelle J, Carlisle, Hope, Marcantonio, Andrew, Kain, Michael, Specht, Lawrence, Tilzey, John, Garfi, John, Mehta, Samir, Esterhai, John L, Jr., Ahn, Jaimo, Donegan, Derek, Horan, Annamarie, McGinnis, Kelly, Roberson, James, Bradbury, Thomas, Erens, Greg, Webb, Kyle, Mullis, Brian, Shively, Karl, Parr, Andrew, Ertl, Janos, Worman, Ripley, Webster, Mark, Cummings, Judd, Frizzell, Valda, Moore, Molly, Jones, Clifford B, Ringler, James R, Sietsema, Debra L, Walker, Jane E, Kanlic, Enes, Abdelgawad, Amr, Shunia, Juan, DePaolo, Charles, Sutherland, Susan, Alosky, Rachel, Zura, Robert, Manson, Maria, Strathy, Gregg, Peter, Kathleen, Johnson, Paul, Morton, Meaghan, Shaer, James, Schrickel, Tyson, Hileman, Barbara, Hanes, Marina, Chance, Elisha, Heinrich, E. Matthew, Dodgin, David, LaBadie, Michele, Zamorano, David, Tynan, Martin, Schwarzkopf, Ran, Scolaro, John A, Gupta, Ranjan, Bederman, Samuel, Bhatia, Nitin, Hoang, Bang, Kiester, Douglas, Jones, Neil, Rafijah, Gregory, Alavekios, Damon, Lee, Jason, Mehta, Akshay, Schroder, Steven, Chao, Tom, Colin, Vincent, Dang, Phuc (Phil), Heng, Stephen Keun, Lopez, Gregory, Galle, Samuel, Pahlavan, Sohrab, Phan, Duy L, Tapadia, Minal, Bui, Christopher, Jain, Nickul, Moore, Tyler, Moroski, Nathan, Pourmand, Deeba, Kubiak, Erik N, Gililland, Jeremy, Rothberg, David, Peters, Christopher, Pelt, Christopher, Stuart, Ami R, Corbey, Kirby, Shuler, Franklin D, Day, James, Garabekyan, Tigran, Cheung, Felix, Oliashirazi, Ali, Salava, Jonathon, Morgan, Linda, Wilson-Byrne, Timothy, Cordle, Mary Beth, Elmans, Leon H.G.J., van den Hout, Joost A.A.M., Joosten, Adrianus JP, van Beurden, Ad FA, Bolder, Stefan BT, Eygendaal, Denise, Moonen, Adrianus F.C.M., van Geenen, Rutger CI, Hoebink, Eric A, Wagenmakers, Robert, van Helden, Wouter, van Jonbergen, Hans-Peter W, Roerdink, Herbert, Reuver, Joost M, Barnaart, Alexander FW, Flikweert, Elvira R, Krips, Rover, Mullers, J. Bernard, Schüller, Hans, Falke, Mark LM, Kurek, Frans J, Slingerland, Adrianus CH, van Dijk, Jan P, van Helden, Wouter H, Bolhuis, Hugo W, Bullens, Pieter HJ, Hogervorst, Mike, de Kroon, Karin E, Jansen, Rob H, Steenstra, Ferry, Raven, Eric EJ, Fontijne, W. Peter J, Wiersma, Saskia C, Boetes, Bastiaan, ten Holder, Edgar JT, van der Heide, Huub JL, Nagels, Jochem, van der Linden-van der Zwaag, Enrike H.M.J., Keizer, Stefan B, Swen, Jan-Willem A, den Hollander, Peter HC, Thomassen, Bregje JW, Molekamp, Willem Jan Kleyn, de Meulemeester, Frank R.A.J., Kleipool, Arthur EB, Haverlag, Robert, Simons, Maarten P, Mutsaerts, Eduard L.A.R., Kooijman, Rob, Postema, Roelf R, Bleker, René J.T.M., Lampe, Harald IH, Schuman, Lein, Cheung, John, van Bommel, Frank, Winia, W. Paul, Haverkamp, Daniel, van der Vis, Harm, Nolte, Peter A, van den Bekerom, Michel PJ, de Jong, Tjitte, van Noort, Arthur, Vergroesen, Diederik A, Schutte, Bernard G, van der Vis, Harm M, Beimers, Lijkele, de Vries, Jasper, Zurcher, Arthur W, Albers, G.H. Rob, Rademakers, Maarten, Breugem, Stefan, van der Haven, Ibo, Jan Damen, Pieter, Bulstra, Gythe H, Campo, Martin M, Somford, Mathijs P, Haverkamp, Daniël, Liew, Susan, Bedi, Harvinder, Carr, Ashley, Chia, Andrew, Csongvay, Steve, Donohue, Craig, Doig, Stephen, Edwards, Elton, Esser, Max, Freeman, Richard, Gong, Andrew, Li, Doug, Miller, Russell, Ton, Lu, Wang, Otis, Young, Ian, Dowrick, Adam, Murdoch, Zoe, Sage, Claire, Page, Richard, Bainbridge, David, Angliss, Richard, Miller, Ben, Thomson, Andrew, Brown, Graeme, Williams, Simon, Eng, Kevin, Bowyer, David, Skelley, John, Goyal, Chatar, Beattie, Sally, Guerado, Enrique, Cruz, Encarnacion, Cano, Juan Ramon, Froufe, Miguel Angel, Serra, Lluis Marull, Al-dirra, Samer, Martinez, Cristina, Tarazona Santabalbina, Francisco José, Serra, Jordi Teixidor, Hernandez, Jordi Tomas, Garcia, Marc Aguilar, Garcia, Vicente Molero, Barrera, Sergi, Garrido, Miriam, Nordsletten, Lars, Clarke-Jenssen, John, Hjorthaug, Geir, Brekke, Anne Christine, Vesterhus, Elise Berg, Skaugrud, Ingunn, Tripathi, Pradeep, Katiyar, Sandesh, Shukla, Preksha, Swiontkowski, Marc, Guyatt, Gordon, Jeray, Kyle, Walter, Stephen, Viveiros, Helena, Truong, Victoria, Koo, Kaitlin, Zhou, Qi, Maddock, Deborah, Simunovic, Nicole, Agel, Julie, Zielinski, Stephanie M, Rangan, Amar, Hanusch, Birgit C, Kottam, Lucksy, Clarkson, Rachel, Della Rocca, Gregory J, Slobogean, Gerard, Katz, Jeffrey, Gillespie, Brenda, Greendale, Gail A, Hartman, Curtis, Rubin, Craig, Waddell, James, Lemke, H. Michael, Oatt, Amber, Buckley, Richard E, Korley, Robert, Johnston, Kelly, Powell, James, Sanders, David, Lawendy, Abdel, Tieszer, Christina, Murnaghan, John, Nam, Diane, Yee, Albert, Whelan, Daniel B, Wild, Lisa M, Khan, Ryan M, Coady, Cathy, Amirault, David, Richardson, Glen, Dobbin, Gwen, Bicknell, Ryan, Yach, Jeff, Bardana, Davide, Wood, Gavin, Harrison, Mark, Yen, David, Lambert, Sue, Howells, Fiona, Ward, Angela, Zalzal, Paul, Brien, Heather, Naumetz, V, Weening, Brad, Wai, Eugene K, Papp, Steve, Gofton, Wade T, Kingwell, Stephen P, Johnson, Garth, O’Neil, Joseph, Roffey, Darren M, Borsella, Vivian, Oliver, Todd M, Jones, Vicki, Endres, Terrence J, Agnew, Samuel G, Jeray, Kyle J, Broderick, J. 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Joseph, May, Jedediah, Rieser, Geoffrey Ryan, Dulaney-Cripe, Liz, Gayton, Chris, Gorczyca, John T, Gross, Jonathan M, Humphrey, Catherine A, Kates, Stephen, Noble, Krista, McIntyre, Allison W, Pecorella, Kaili, Davis, Craig A, Lindenbaum, Stephen, Schwappach, John, Baker, Janell K, Rutherford, Tori, Newman, Heike, Lieberman, Shane, Finn, Erin, Robbins, Kristin, Hurley, Meghan, Lyle, Lindsey, Mitchell, Khalis, Browner, Kieran, Whatley, Erica, Payton, Krystal, Reeves, Christina, Cannada, Lisa K, Karges, David, Hill, Leslie, Esterhai, John, Horan, Annamarie D, Kaminski, Christine A, Kowalski, Brynn N, Keeve, Jonathan P, Anderson, Christopher G, McDonald, Michael D, Hoffman, Jodi M, Tarkin, Ivan, Siska, Peter, Gruen, Gary, Evans, Andrew, Farrell, Dana J, Irrgang, James, Luther, Arlene, Cross, William W, III, Cass, Joseph R, Sems, Stephen A, Torchia, Michael E, Scrabeck, Tyson, Jenkins, Mark, Dumais, Jules, Romero, Amanda W, Sagebien, Carlos A, Butler, Mark S, Monica, James T, Seuffert, Patricia, Hsu, Joseph R, Ficke, James, Charlton, Michael, Napierala, Matthew, Fan, Mary, Tannoury, Chadi, Archdeacon, Michael, Finnan, Ryan, Le, Toan, Wyrick, John, Hess, Shelley, Brennan, Michael L, Probe, Robert, Kile, Evelyn, Mills, Kelli, Clipper, Lydia, Yu, Michelle, Erwin, Katie, Horwitz, Daniel, Strohecker, Kent, Swenson, Teresa K, Schmidt, Andrew H, Westberg, Jerald R, Aurang, Kamran, Zohman, Gary, Peterson, Brett, Huff, Roger B, Baele, Joseph, Weber, Timothy, Edison, Matt, McBeth, Jessica, Ertl, Janos P, Parr, J. Andrew, Moore, Molly M, Tobias, Erin, Thomas, Emily, DePaolo, Charles J, Shell, Leslie E, Hampton, Lynne, Shepard, Stephanie, Nanney, Tracy, Cuento, Claudine, Cantu, Robert V, Henderson, Eric R, Eickhoff, Linda S, Hammerberg, E. Mark, Stahel, Philip, Hak, David, Mauffrey, Cyril, Gibula, Douglas, Gissel, Hannah, Henderson, Corey, Zamorano, David P, Tynan, Martin C, Lawson, Deanna, Crist, Brett D, Murtha, Yvonne M, Anderson, Linda K, Linehan, Colleen, Pilling, Lindsey, Lewis, Courtland G, Sullivan, Raymond J, Roper, Elizabeth, Obremskey, William, Kregor, Philip, Richards, Justin E, Stringfellow, Kenya, Dohm, Michael P, Zellar, Abby, Segers, Michiel JM, Zijl, Jacco AC, Verhoeven, Bart, Smits, Anke B, de Vries, Jean Paul PM, Fioole, Bram, van der Hoeven, Henk, Theunissen, Evert BM, de Vries Reilingh, Tammo S, Govaert, Lonneke, Wittich, Philippe, de Brauw, Maurits, Wille, Jan, Go, Peter M.N.Y.M., Ritchie, Ewan D, Wessel, Ronald N, Hammacher, Eric R, Visser, Gijs A, Stockmann, Heyn, Silvis, Rob, Snellen, Jaap P, Rijbroek, Bram, Scheepers, Joris JG, Vermeulen, Erik GJ, Siroen, Michiel PC, Vuylsteke, Ronald, Brom, Hans LF, Rijna, Herman, de Rijcke, Piet AR, Koppert, Cees L, Buijk, Steven E, Groenendijk, Richard PR, Dawson, Imro, Tetteroo, Geert WM, Bruijninckx, Milko MM, Doornebosch, Pascal G, de Graaf, Eelco JR, van der Elst, Maarten, van der Pol, Carmen C, van’t Riet, Martijne, Karsten, Tom M, de Vries, Mark R, Stassen, Laurents PS, Schep, Niels WL, Ben Schmidt, G, Hoffman, W H, van der Heijden, Frank H.W.M., Willems, W. 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Robert, Simmermacher, Rogier KJ, van Mulken, Jeroen, van Wessem, Karlijn, van Gaalen, Steven M, Leenen, Luke PH, Bronkhorst, Maarten W.G.A., Guicherit, Onno R, Goslings, J. Carel, Ponsen, Kees Jan, Bhatia, Mahesh, Arora, Vinod, Tyagi, Vivek, Gupta, Ajay, Jain, Neeraj, Khan, Farah, Sharma, Ateet, Sanghavi, Amir, Trivedi, Mittal, Rai, Anil, Subash, Rai, Kamal, Yadav, Vineet, Singh, Sanjay, Prasad, Amal Shankar, Mishra, Vimlesh, Sundaresh, D C, Khanna, Angshuman, Cherian, Joe Joseph, Olakkengil, Davy J, Sharma, Gaurav, Dadi, Akhil, Palla, Naveen, Ganguly, Utsav, Rai, B. Sachidananda, Rajakumar, Janakiraman, Hull, Peter, Lewis, Sophie, Evans, Simone, Nanda, Rajesh, Logishetty, Rajanikanth, Anand, Sanjeev, Bowler, Carol, Jennings, Andrew, Chuter, Graham, Rose, Glynis, Horner, Gillian, Clark, Callum, Eke, Kate, Reed, Mike, Herriott, Chris, Dobb, Christine, Curry, Hamish, Etherington, Greg, Jain, Arvind, Moaveni, Ash, Russ, Matthias, Donald, Geoff, Weinrauch, Patrick, Pincus, Paul, Yang, Steven, Halliday, Brett, Gervais, Trevor, Holt, Michael, Flynn, Annette, Pirpiris, Marinis, Love, David, Bucknill, Andrew, Farrugia, Richard J, Ianssen, Torben, Amundsen, Asgeir, Brattgjerd, Jan Egil, Borch, Tor, Bøe, Berthe, Flatøy, Bernhard, Hasselund, Sondre, Haug, Knut Jørgen, Hemlock, Kim, Hoseth, Tor Magne, Jomaas, Geir, Kibsgård, Thomas, Lona, Tarjei, Moatshe, Gilbert, Müller, Oliver, Molund, Marius, Nicolaisen, Tor, Nilsen, Fredrik, Rydinge, Jonas, Smedsrud, Morten, Stødle, Are, Trommer, Axel, Ugland, Stein, Karlsten, Anders, Ekås, Guri, Pape, Hans-Christoph, Knobe, Matthias, and Pfeifer, Roman

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2015
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