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Durante la erupción del volcán de Cumbre Vieja, en la isla de La Palma en 2021, la Agencia Estatal de Meteorología (AEMET), en calidad de Servicio Nacional y Autoridad Meteorológica del Estado, prestó diferentes servicios de apoyo al Comité Científico y al Comité Asesor del Plan de Emergencias Volcánicas de Canarias (PEVOLCA). Parte de sus actividades abarcaron la vigilancia y predicción meteorológica, la monitorización y predicción del transporte del penacho volcánico, y la valoración del impacto de las emisiones de gases y cenizas de la erupción volcánica en la calidad del aire en la isla de La Palma y en la región de Canarias.

Editors: Emilio Cuevas, Celia Milford and Oksana Tarasova. [EN]The Izaña Atmospheric Research Center (IARC), which is part of the State Meteorological Agency of Spain (AEMET), is a site of excellence in atmospheric science. It manages four observatories in Tenerife including the high altitude Izaña Atmospheric Observatory. The Izaña Atmospheric Observatory was inaugurated in 1916 and since that date has carried out uninterrupted meteorological and climatological observations, contributing towards a unique 100-year record in 2016. This reports are a summary of the many activities at the Izaña Atmospheric Research Center to the broader community. The combination of operational activities, research and development in state-of-the-art measurement techniques, calibration and validation and international cooperation encompass the vision of WMO to provide world leadership in expertise and international cooperation in weather, climate, hydrology and related environmental issues. [ES]El Centro de Investigación Atmosférica de Izaña (CIAI), que forma parte de la Agencia Estatal de Meteorología de España (AEMET), representa un centro de excelencia en ciencias atmosféricas. Gestiona cuatro observatorios en Tenerife, incluido el Observatorio de Izaña de gran altitud, inaugurado en 1916 y que desde entonces ha realizado observaciones meteorológicas y climatológicas ininterrumpidas y se ha convertido en una estación centenaria de la OMM. Estos informes resumen las múltiples actividades llevadas a cabo por el Centro de Investigación Atmosférica de Izaña. El liderazgo del Centro en materia de investigación y desarrollo con respecto a las técnicas de medición, calibración y validación de última generación, así como la cooperación internacional, le han otorgado una reputación sobresaliente en lo que se refiere al tiempo, el clima, la hidrología y otros temas ambientales afines.

Presentación realizada en: Nordic Ozone Group Meeting (2021), celebrado el 21 de abril de 2021 de manera virtual.

Presentación realizada en: ATMOZ workshop at 11th RBCC-E, celebrado en El Arenosillo, Huelva, el 1 de junio de 2017.

Seminario impartido el día 9 de marzo de 2017 en las oficinas del Centro de Investigación Atmosférica de Izaña en Santa Cruz de Tenerife. El autor impartió el seminario sobre el trabajo de investigación de su tesis doctoral defendida en la Universidad de Granada en 2015. Los TLEs (Transient Luminous Events) son enormes estructuras luminosas muy breves (< 100 ms), asociadas a una fuerte actividad tormentosa, que se desarrollan entre la estratosfera (15 km) y la ionosfera (100 km) y fueron descubiertos en 1989. De la amplia variedad de tipos de TLEs, los sprites y los halos son los más comunes. En este seminario se presentan los estudios, tanto con simulaciones numéricas como en experimentos de laboratorio, de la evolución química y térmica de la atmósfera terrestre bajo la acción de sprites y halos, así como el análisis de su señal espectral. También se presentarán los resultados de simulaciones de los efectos químicos del campo eléctrico cuasiestático generado por rayos internube en la atmósfera de Saturno.

A one-dimensional self-consistent model has been developed to study the chemical and thermal effects of a single sprite streamer in the Earth's mesosphere. We have used sprite streamer profiles with three different driving current durations (5 ms, 50 ms, and 100 ms) between 50 and 80 km of altitude and considering a kinetic scheme of air with more than 90 chemical species. Our model predicts strong increases in practically all the concentrations of the species studied at the moment of the streamer head passage. Moreover, their densities remain high during the streamer afterglow phase. The concentration of electrons can reach values of up to 10 cm in the three cases analyzed. The model also predicts an important enhancement, of several orders of magnitude above ambient values, of nitrogen oxides and several metastables species. On the other hand, we found that the 4.26 μm IR emission brightness of CO can reach 10 GR at low altitudes (< 65 km) for the cases of intermediate (50 ms) and long (100 ms) driving currents. These results suggest the possibility of detecting sprite IR emissions from space with the appropriate instrumentation. Finally, we found that the thermal impact of sprites in the Earth's mesosphere is proportional to the driving current duration. This produces variations of more than 40 K (in the extreme case of a 100 ms driving current) at low altitudes (< 55 km) and at about 10 s after the streamer head. Key Points Chemical and thermal impacts of sprites in the mesosphere are calculated The calculated concentration of electrons exhibits a significant enhancement The model predicts an increase in the gas temperature at low altitudes.©2016. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved., This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, MINECO, under projects AYA2011-29936-C05-02 and ESP2013-48032-C5-5-R and by the Junta de Andalucia, Proyecto de Excelencia, FQM-5965. F.C.P.R. acknowledges MINECO for the FPI grant BES-2010-042367. A.L. was supported by a Ramon y Cajal contract, code RYC-2011-07801

13 p.: gráf., We have studied laboratory low pressure (0.1 mbar ≤ p ≤2 mbar) glow air discharges by optical emission spectroscopy to discuss several spectroscopic techniques that could be implemented by field spectrographs, depending on the available spectral resolution, to experimentally quantify the gas temperature associated to transient luminous events (TLEs) occurring at different altitudes including blue jets, giant blue jets, and sprites. Laboratory air plasmas have been analyzed from the near UV (300 nm) to the near IR (1060 nm) with high (up to 0.01 nm) and low (2 nm) spectral resolution commercial grating spectrographs and by an in-house intensified CCD grating spectrograph that we have recently developed for TLE spectral diagnostic surveys with ≃0.45 nm spectral resolution. We discuss the results of lab tests and comment on the convenience of using one or another technique for rotational (gas) temperature determination depending on the altitude and available spectral resolution. Moreover, we compare available low resolution (3 nm ≤Δλ≤7 nm) N2 1PG field recorded sprite spectra at 53 km (≃1 mbar), and resulting vibrational distribution function, with 1 mbar laboratory glow discharge spectrum (Δλ=2 nm) and synthetic sprite spectra from models. We found that while the relative population of N2(B3Πg,v=2−7) in sprites and laboratory produced air glow plasmas are similar, the N2(B3Πg,v=1) vibrational level in sprites is more efficiently populated (in agreement with model predictions) than in laboratory air glow plasmas at similar pressures., Supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, MINECO under projects AYA2011-29936-C05-02, CSD2009-00038, and FIS2010-16455 and by the Junta de Andalucia, Proyecto de Excelencia FQM-5965. MINECO for a FPI grant BES-2010-042367. support by a Ramón y Cajal contract, code RYC-2011-07801. support by a Juan de la Cierva contract, code JdC-2009-04949.