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1. Aeolus winds impact on volcanic ash early warning systems for aviation

Author

Amiridis, Vassilis, Kampouri, Anna, Gkikas, Antonis, Misios, Stergios, Gialitaki, Anna, Marinou, Eleni, Rennie, Michael, Benedetti, Angela, Solomos, Stavros, Zanis, Prodromos, Vasardani, Olympia, Eleftheratos, Konstantinos, Paschou, Peristera, Georgiou, Thanasis, Scollo, Simona, Mona, Lucia, Papagiannopoulos, Nikolaos, Retscher, Christian, Parrinello, Tommaso, and Straume, Anne Grete

Published
2023
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6. Aeolus impact on Volcanic Ash early warning systems for Aviation

Author

Amiridis, Vassilis, primary, Kampouri, Anna, additional, Gkikas, Antonis, additional, Misios, Stergios, additional, Gialitaki, Anna, additional, Marinou, Eleni, additional, Rennie, Michael, additional, Benedetti, Angela, additional, Solomos, Stavros, additional, Zanis, Prodromos, additional, Vasardani, Olympia, additional, Eleftheratos, Konstantinos, additional, Paschou, Peristera, additional, Georgiou, Thanasis, additional, Scollo, Simona, additional, Mona, Lucia, additional, Papagiannopoulos, Nikolaos, additional, Retscher, Christian, additional, Parrinello, Tommaso, additional, and Straume, Anne Grete, additional

Published
2023
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7. The Joint Aeolus Tropical Atlantic Campaign 2021/2022 Overview– Atmospheric Science and Satellite Validation in the Tropics

Author

Fehr, Thorsten, primary, McCarthy, Will, additional, Amiridis, Vassilis, additional, Baars, Holger, additional, von Bismarck, Jonas, additional, Borne, Maurus, additional, Chen, Shuyi, additional, Flamant, Cyrille, additional, Marenco, Franco, additional, Knipperz, Peter, additional, Koopman, Rob, additional, Lemmerz, Christian Lemmerz, additional, Marinou, Eleni, additional, Močnik, Griša, additional, Parrinello, Tommaso, additional, Piña, Aaron, additional, Reitebuch, Oliver, additional, Skofronick-Jackson, Gail, additional, Zawislak, Jonathan, additional, and Zenk, Cordula, additional

Published
2023
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8. Aeolus: ESA’s wind mission. Status and future challenges 

Author

Parrinello, Tommaso, primary, Wernham, Denny, additional, Fehr, Thorsten, additional, Von Bismarck, Jonas, additional, Tran, Viet Duc, additional, Romanazzo, Massimo, additional, Candra Krisna, Trismono, additional, Sathe, Aditi, additional, Bickerton, Peter, additional, Krisch, Isabell, additional, and Rennie, Michael, additional

Published
2023
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9. Initial Assessment of the Performance of the First Wind Lidar in Space on Aeolus

Author

Reitebuch Oliver, Lemmerz Christian, Lux Oliver, Marksteiner Uwe, Rahm Stephan, Weiler Fabian, Witschas Benjamin, Meringer Markus, Schmidt Karsten, Huber Dorit, Nikolaus Ines, Geiss Alexander, Vaughan Michael, Dabas Alain, Flament Thomas, Stieglitz Hugo, Isaksen Lars, Rennie Michael, de Kloe Jos, Marseille Gert-Jan, Stoffelen Ad, Wernham Denny, Kanitz Thomas, Straume Anne-Grete, Fehr Thorsten, von Bismarck Jonas, Floberghagen Rune, and Parrinello Tommaso

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

Soon after its successful launch in August 2018, the spaceborne wind lidar ALADIN (Atmospheric LAser Doppler INstrument) on-board ESA’s Earth Explorer satellite Aeolus has demonstrated to provide atmospheric wind profiles on a global scale. Being the first ever Doppler Wind Lidar (DWL) instrument in space, ALADIN contributes to the improvement in numerical weather prediction (NWP) by measuring one component of the horizontal wind vector. The performance of the ALADIN instrument was assessed by a team from ESA, DLR, industry, and NWP centers during the first months of operation. The current knowledge about the main contributors to the random and systematic errors from the instrument will be discussed. First validation results from an airborne campaign with two wind lidars on-board the DLR Falcon aircraft will be shown.

Published
2020
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10. ESA’s Lidar Missions Aeolus and EarthCARE

Author

Kanitz Thomas, Ciapponi Alessandra, Mondello Alessia, D’Ottavi Alessandro, Mateo Ana Baselga, Straume Anne-Grete, Voland Christoph, Bon Didier, Checa Elena, Alvarez Emilio, Bellucci Ida, Do Carmo Joao Pereira, Brewster John, Marshall Jon, Schillinger Marc, Hannington Mark, Rennie Michael, Reitebuch Oliver, Lecrenier Olivier, Bravetti Paolo, Sacchieri Valentina, De Sanctis Valeria, Lefebvre Alain, Parrinello Tommaso, and Wernham Denny

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

ESAs Earth Explorer Aeolus was launched in August 2018. Aboard the first spaceborne wind lidar ALADIN (Atmospheric LAser Doppler INstrument) was switched on in early September 2018 and demonstrated the capability to provide atmospheric wind profiles globally from particle and molecular backscatter. In doing so, it will contribute to the improvement in numerical weather prediction (NWP) and the understanding of global dynamics. At the same, it is a major step for powerful and frequency stabilized ultraviolet (UV) lasers for space applications. In parallel, ESA and its partners continue the development of this technology by setting up further ground tests based on Aeolus, and preparing the next milestone with ATLID (ATmospheric LIDar) for the Earth Cloud, Aerosol and Radiation Explorer (EarthCARE) mission. ATLID is currently fully integrated and getting prepared for its on-ground testing.

Published
2020
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11. The Copernicus Polar Ice and Snow Topography Altimeter (CRISTAL) high-priority candidate mission

Author

Kern, Michael, Cullen, Robert, Berruti, Bruno, Bouffard, Jerome, Casal, Tania, Drinkwater, Mark R., Gabriele, Antonio, Lecuyot, Arnaud, Ludwig, Michael, Midthassel, Rolv, Navas Traver, Ignacio, Parrinello, Tommaso, Ressler, Gerhard, Andersson, Erik, Martin-Puig, Cristina, Andersen, Ole, Bartsch, Annett, Farrell, Sinead, Fleury, Sara, Gascoin, Simon, Guillot, Amandine, Humbert, Angelika, Rinne, Eero, Shepherd, Andrew, Van Den Broeke, Michiel R., Yackel, John, Sub Dynamics Meteorology, Marine and Atmospheric Research, Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sub Dynamics Meteorology, Marine and Atmospheric Research, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 0211 other engineering and technologies, 02 engineering and technology, User requirements document, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, law, Component (UML), Altimeter, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, lcsh:Environmental sciences, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing, Copernicus, Water Science and Technology, Earth-Surface Processes, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, lcsh:GE1-350, Payload, Microwave radiometer, lcsh:QE1-996.5, Snow, lcsh:Geology, Radar altimeter, Environmental science
Abstract

The Copernicus Polar Ice and Snow Topography Altimeter (CRISTAL) mission is one of six high-priority candidate missions (HPCMs) under consideration by the European Commission to enlarge the Copernicus Space Component. Together, the high-priority candidate missions fill gaps in the measurement capability of the existing Copernicus Space Component to address emerging and urgent user requirements in relation to monitoring anthropogenic CO2 emissions, polar environments, and land surfaces. The ambition is to enlarge the Copernicus Space Component with the high-priority candidate missions in the mid-2020s to provide enhanced continuity of services in synergy with the next generation of the existing Copernicus Sentinel missions. CRISTAL will carry a dual-frequency synthetic-aperture radar altimeter as its primary payload for measuring surface height and a passive microwave radiometer to support atmospheric corrections and surface-type classification. The altimeter will have interferometric capabilities at Ku-band for improved ground resolution and a second (non-interferometric) Ka-band frequency to provide information on snow layer properties. This paper outlines the user consultations that have supported expansion of the Copernicus Space Component to include the high-priority candidate missions, describes the primary and secondary objectives of the CRISTAL mission, identifies the key contributions the CRISTAL mission will make, and presents a concept – as far as it is already defined – for the mission payload.

Published
2020

12. CryoSat after 12 years in space: status and future challenges

Author

Bouffard, Jerome, Parrinello, Tommaso, and Di Bella, Alessando

Abstract

CryoSat-2 was launched twelve years ago and was the first European mission dedicated to the cryosphere, with the objectives to monitor precise changes in the thickness of polar ice sheets and floating sea ice. For that, the satellite carries the first Synthetic Aperture Interferometric Altimeter (SIRAL) which still remains one of the most innovative altimeters in space although newer versions are boarded on different satellite missions. Going beyond its ice monitoring objectives, CryoSat-2 has also demonstrated to provide a valuable source of observations over multiple surfaces. Numerous CryoSat-based studies have been carried in order to optimize processing algorithms for hydrology, geodesy and ocean applications. A major step forward has consisted to transpose these innovations into an operational framework by generating new thematic products so-called “Cryo-TEMPO”. The mission has been recently extended until the end of 2025 with the scope to achieve new important goals, to extend the synergy with ICESat-2 and its unequalled data set and to secure a unique long-term climate record as long as possible. This will be possible thanks to well established international with many important worldwide institutions and agencies. Scope of this paper is to describe the current mission status, show its main achievements and provide programmatic highlights for the extended period 2023-2025. In particular we will provide an overview of recent product evolutions and new science results which also pave the way for the development of the CRISTAL Sentinel Expansion mission.

Published
2022
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14. ALADIN laser frequency stability and its impact on the Aeolus wind error

Author

Lux, Oliver, primary, Lemmerz, Christian, additional, Weiler, Fabian, additional, Kanitz, Thomas, additional, Wernham, Denny, additional, Rodrigues, Gonçalo, additional, Hyslop, Andrew, additional, Lecrenier, Olivier, additional, McGoldrick, Phil, additional, Fabre, Frédéric, additional, Bravetti, Paolo, additional, Parrinello, Tommaso, additional, and Reitebuch, Oliver, additional

Published
2021
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15. The Joint ESA-NASA Tropical Campaign Activity - Aeolus Calibration/Validation and Science in the Topics

Author

Fehr, Thorsten, Skofronick-Jackson, Gail, Amiridis, Vassilis, von Bismarck, Jonas, Chen, Shuyi, Flamant, Cyrille, Koopman, Rob, Lemmerz, Christian, Močnik, Griša, Parrinello, Tommaso, Piña, Aaron, Straume, Anne Grete, Earth Observation Programmes Directorate [Noordwijk], European Space Agency (ESA), NASA Science Mission Directorate (SMD), NASA, Institute for Astronomy, Astrophysics, Space Applications and Remote Sensing [Penteli] (IAASARS), National Observatory of Athens (NOA), Earth Observation Programmes Directorate [Frascati], Department of Atmospheric Sciences [Seattle], University of Washington [Seattle], TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), DLR Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre (IPA), Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Oberpfaffenhofen-Wessling] (DLR), and University of Nova Gorica

Subjects
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph]
Abstract

International audience; The Tropics are covering around 40% of the globe and are home to approximately 40% of the world population. However, numerical weather prediction (NWP) for this region still remains challenging due to the lack of basic observations and incomplete understanding of atmospheric processes, also affecting extratropical storm developments. As a result, the largest impact of the ESA’s Aeolus satellite observations on NWP is expected in the Tropics where only a very limited number of wind profile observations from the ground can be performed.An especially important case relating to the predictability of tropical weather system is the outflow of Saharan dust, its interaction with cloud micro-physics and the overall impact on the development of tropical storms over the Atlantic Ocean. The region of the coast of West Africa uniquely allows the study of the Saharan Aerosol layer, African Easterly Waves and Jets, Tropical Easterly Jet, as well as the deep convection in ITCZ and their relation to the formation of convective systems and the transport of dust.Together with international partners, ESA and NASA are currently implementing a joint Tropical campaign from July to August 2021 with its base in Cape Verde. The campaign objective is to provide information on the validation and preparation of the ESA missions Aeolus and EarthCARE, respectively, as well as supporting a range of related science objectives for the investigation in the interactions between African Easterly and other tropical waves with the mean flow, dust and their impact on the development of convective systems; the structure and variability of the marine boundary layer in relation to initiation and lifecycle of the convective cloud systems within and across the ITCZ; and impact of wind, aerosol, clouds, and precipitation effects on long range dust transport and air quality over the western Atlantic.The campaign comprises a unique combination of both strong airborne and ground-based elements collocated on Cape Verde. The airborne component with wind and aerosol lidars, cloud radars, in-situ instrumentation and additional observations includes the NASA DC-8 with science activities coordinated by the U. of Washington, the German DLR Falcon-20, the French Safire Falcon-20 with activities led by LATMOS, and the Slovenian Aerovizija Advantic WT-10 light aircraft in cooperation with the U. Novo Gorica. The ground-based component led by the National Observatory of Athens is a collaboration of more than 25 European teams providing in-situ and remote sensing aerosol and cloud measurements with a wide range of lidar, radar and radiometer systems, as well as drone observatins by the Cyprus Institute.In preparation for the field campaign, the NASA and ESA management and science teams are closely collaborating with regular coordination meetings, in particular in coordinating the shift of the activity by one year due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The time gained has been used to further consolidate the planning, and in particular with a dry-run campaign organized by NASA with European participation where six virtual flights were conducted in July 2020.

Published
2021

17. Demonstrated Aeolus Benefits in Atmospheric Sciences

Author

Rennie, Michael, primary, Stoffelen, Ad, additional, Khaykin, Sergey, additional, Osprey, Scott, additional, Wright, Corwin, additional, Banyard, Tim, additional, Straume, Anne Grete, additional, Reitebuch, Oliver, additional, Krisch, Isabell, additional, Parrinello, Tommaso, additional, Von Bismarck, Jonas, additional, and Wernham, Denny, additional

Published
2021
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18. ESA'S Wind Mission Aeolus - Overview, Status and Outlook

Author

Straume-Lindner, Anne Grete, primary, Parrinello, Tommaso, additional, Von Bismarck, Jonas, additional, Bley, Sebastian, additional, Wernham, Denny, additional, Kanitz, Thomas, additional, Alvarez, Emilio, additional, Fischey, Peggy, additional, De Laurentis, Marta, additional, Fehr, Thorsten, additional, Ehlers, F., additional, Duc Tran, Viet, additional, Krisch, Isabell, additional, Reitebuch, Oliver, additional, and Renni, Michael, additional

Published
2021
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19. The Aeolus Data Innovation and Science Cluster

Author

Krisch, Isabell, primary, Reitebuch, Oliver, additional, Von Bismarck, Jonas, additional, Parrinello, Tommaso, additional, Rennie, Michael, additional, Weiler, Fabian, additional, Huber, Dorit, additional, De Kloe, Jos, additional, Dabas, Alain, additional, Straume-Lindner, Anne Grete, additional, Abdalla, Saleh, additional, Aprile, Stefano, additional, Bley, Sebastian, additional, Bracci, Fabio, additional, Bucci, Simone, additional, Cardaci, Massimo, additional, Damman, Werner, additional, Donovan, Dave, additional, Ehlers, Frithjof, additional, Fabre, Frederic, additional, Fischer, Peggy, additional, Flament, Thomas, additional, Gostinicchi, Giacomo, additional, Isaksen, Lars, additional, Jupin-Langlois, Sebastian, additional, Kanitz, Thomas, additional, Lacour, Adrien, additional, De Laurentis, Marta, additional, Lemmerz, Christian, additional, Lux, Oliver, additional, Marksteiner, Uwe, additional, Marseille, Gert-Jan, additional, Masoumzadeh, Nafiseh, additional, Meringer, Markus, additional, Niemeijer, Sander, additional, Nikolaus, Ines, additional, Perron, Gaetan, additional, Pijnacker-Hordijk, Bas, additional, Reissig, Katja, additional, Savli, Matic, additional, Schmidt, Karsten, additional, Stoffelen, Ad, additional, Trapon, Dimitri, additional, Vaughan, Michael, additional, Veneziani, Marcella, additional, De Vincenti, Cristiano, additional, and Witschas, Benjamin, additional

Published
2021
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20. The Joint Aeolus Tropical Atlantic Campaign - First Results for Aeolus Calibration/Validation and Science in the Tropics

Author

Skofronick-Jackson, Gail, Fehr, Thorsten, Althausen, Dietrich, Amiridis, Vassilis, Baars, Holger, von Bismarck, Jonas, Borne, Maurus, Casal, Tânia, Cazenave, Quitterie, Chen, Shuyi, Engelmann, Ronny, Flamant, Cyrille, Gaetani, Marco, Geiß, Alexander, Gómez Maqueo Anaya, Sofia, Knipperz, Peter, Kollias, Pavlos, Koopman, Rob, Krisna, Trismono, Lemmerz, Christian, Lux, Oliver, Marinou, Eleni, Marksteiner, Uwe, Močnik, Griša, Nemuc, Anca, Parrinello, Tommaso, Paschou, Peristera, Piña, Aaron, Pirloaga, Razvan, Rahm, Stephan, Reitebuch, Oliver, Schäfler, Andreas, Siomos, Nikos, Skupin, Annett, Straume, Anne, Tran, Viet, Vaziri, Pouya, Wandinger, Ulla, Wehr, Tobias, Weiler, Fabian, Wernham, Denny, Witschas, Benjamin, Zenk, Cordula, Cardon, Catherine, NASA Science Mission Directorate (SMD), NASA, European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), European Space Agency (ESA), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Institute for Astronomy, Astrophysics, Space Applications and Remote Sensing [Penteli] (IAASARS), National Observatory of Athens (NOA), European Space Research Institute (ESRIN), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Department of Atmospheric Sciences [Seattle], University of Washington [Seattle], Istituto Universitario di Studi Superiori (IUSS), DLR Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre (IPA), Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Oberpfaffenhofen-Wessling] (DLR), University of Nova Gorica, National Institute of Research and Development for Optoelectronics (INOE), Agence Spatiale Européenne (ESA), and Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research [Kiel] (GEOMAR)

Subjects
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph]
Abstract

International audience; ESA’s Aeolus satellite observations are expected to have the biggest impact for the improvement of numerical weather prediction in the Tropics. An especially important case relating to the evolution, dynamics, and predictability of tropical weather systems is the outflow of Saharan dust, its interaction with cloud microphysics and impact on the development of tropical storms over the Atlantic Ocean. The Atlantic Ocean off the coast of West Africa and the eastern Caribbean uniquely allows the study of the Saharan Aerosol layer, African Easterly Waves and Jet, Tropical Easterly Jet, as well as the deep convection in the Intertropical Convergence Zone and their relation to the formation of convective systems, and the long-range transport of dust and its impact on air quality. The Joint Aeolus Tropical Atlantic Campaign (JATAC) deployed on Cabo Verde and the US Virgin Islands is addressing the validation and preparation of the ESA missions Aeolus, EarthCARE and WIVERN, as well as supporting the related science objectives raised above. The JATAC campaign started in July 2021 with the deployment of ground-based instruments at the Ocean Science Center Mindelo (OSCM, Cabo Verde), including the EVE lidar, the PollyXT lidar, a W-band Doppler cloud radar and a sunphotometer. By mid-August, the CPEX-AW campaign started their operations from the US Virgin Islands with NASA’s DC-8 flying laboratory in the Western Tropical Atlantic and Caribbean with the Doppler Aerosol Wind Lidar (DAWN), Airborne Precipitation and Cloud Radar (APR-3), the Water Vapor DIAL and HSRL (HALO), a microwave sounder (HAMSR) and dropsondes. In September, a European aircraft fleet was deployed to Sal (Cabo Verde) with the DLR Falcon-20 carrying the Aeolus Airborne Demonstrator (A2D) and the 2-µm Doppler wind lidar, and the Safire Falcon-20 carrying the high-spectral-resolution Doppler lidar (LNG), the RASTA Doppler cloud radar, in-situ cloud and aerosol instruments among others. The Aerovizija Advantic WT-10 light aircraft with filter-photometers and nephelometers for in-situ aerosol characterisation was operating in close coordination with the ground-based observations from Mindelo. More than 35 flights of the four aircraft were performed. 17 Aeolus orbits were underflown, four of which completed by simultaneous observations of three aircraft, with a perfect collocation of Aeolus and the ground-based observation for two cases. Several flights by the NASA DC-8 and the Safire Falcon-20 have been dedicated to cloud microphysics and dust events. The EVE lidar has been operating on a regular basis, while the PollyXT and several other ground-based instruments were continuously operating during the campaign period. For further characterisation of the atmosphere, radiosondes were launched up to twice daily from Sal airport. Additionally, there were radiosonde launches from western Puerto Rico and northern St Croix, US Virgin Islands. The JATAC was supported by dedicated numerical weather and dust simulations supporting the forecasting efforts needed for successful planning of the flights and addressing open science questions. While the airborne activities were completed end September, the ground-based observations are continuing into 2022. The paper will present an overview and initial results of JATAC. In memory of our colleague and friend Gail.

Published
2021

21. Aeolus Calibration, Validation and Science Post-Launch Campaigns

Author

Fehr, Thorsten, primary, Amiridis, Vassilis , additional, von Bismarck, Jonas, additional, Bley, Sebastian, additional, Flamant, Cyrille, additional, Hertzog, Albert, additional, Lemmerz, Christian, additional, Močnik, Griša, additional, Parrinello, Tommaso, additional, Skofronick-Jackson, Gail, additional, and Straume, Anne Grete, additional

Published
2021
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22. The Joint ESA-NASA Tropical Campaign Activity – Aeolus Calibration/Validation and Science in the Topics

Author

Fehr, Thorsten, primary, Skofronick-Jackson, Gail, additional, Amiridis, Vassilis, additional, von Bismarck, Jonas, additional, Chen, Shuyi, additional, Flamant, Cyrille, additional, Koopman, Rob, additional, Lemmerz, Christian, additional, Močnik, Griša, additional, Parrinello, Tommaso, additional, Piña, Aaron, additional, and Straume, Anne Grete, additional

Published
2021
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23. Aeolus: ESA’s wind mission. Status and future challenges

Author

Parrinello, Tommaso, primary, Straume, Anne Grete, additional, Von Bismark, Jonas, additional, Bley, Sebastian, additional, Tran, Viet Duc, additional, Fisher, Peggy, additional, Wernham, Denny, additional, Kanitz, Thomas, additional, Fehr, Thorsten, additional, De Laurentis, Marta, additional, Alvarez, Emilio, additional, Krish, Isabell, additional, Reithebuch, Oliver, additional, and Rennie, Michael, additional

Published
2021
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24. Quality Status of the CryoSat Data Products

Author

Webb, Erica, primary, Marsh, Jenny, additional, Benzan Valette, Laura, additional, Bouffard, Jerome, additional, Parrinello, Tommaso, additional, Baker, Steven, additional, Brockley, David, additional, Geminale, Teresa, additional, and Scagliola, Michele, additional

Published
2021
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25. Surface Melting Drives Fluctuations in Airborne Radar Penetration in West Central Greenland

Author

Otosaka, Ines, Shepherd, A., Casal, Tania, coccia, alex, Davidson, Malcolm, Di Bella, Alessandro, Fettweis, X.R., Forsberg, René, Helm, Veit, Hogg, Anna E., Hvidegaard, Sine, Lemos, A., Macedo, Karlus, Kuipers Munneke, P., Parrinello, Tommaso, Simonsen, Sebastian B., Skourup, Henriette, Sørensen, Louise Sandberg, Sub Dynamics Meteorology, Marine and Atmospheric Research, Sub Dynamics Meteorology, and Marine and Atmospheric Research

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Greenland, Greenland ice sheet, firn, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, law, altimetry, Cryosphere, Altimeter, Radar, Geomorphology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Scattering, Firn, Penetration (firestop), ice sheet, Geophysics, 13. Climate action, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Ice sheet, Geology, radar
Abstract

Greenland Ice Sheet surface melting has increased since the 1990s, affecting the rheology and scattering properties of the near‐surface firn. We combine firn cores and modelled firn densities with seven years of CryoVEx airborne Ku‐band (13.5 GHz) radar profiles to quantify the impact of melting on microwave radar penetration in West‐Central Greenland. Although annual layers are present in the Ku‐band radar profiles to depths up to 15 m below the ice sheet surface, fluctuations in summer melting strongly affect the degree of radar penetration. The extreme melting in 2012, for example, caused an abrupt 6.2 ± 2.4 m decrease in Ku‐band radar penetration. Nevertheless, retracking the radar echoes mitigates this effect, producing surface heights that agree to within 13.9 cm of coincident airborne laser measurements. We also examine two years of Ka‐band (34.5 GHz) airborne radar data and show that the degree of penetration is half that of coincident Ku‐band.

Published
2020

26. Surface melting drives fluctuations in airborne radar penetration in West Central Greenland

Author

Sub Dynamics Meteorology, Marine and Atmospheric Research, Otosaka, Ines, Shepherd, A., Casal, Tania, coccia, alex, Davidson, Malcolm, Di Bella, Alessandro, Fettweis, X.R., Forsberg, René, Helm, Veit, Hogg, Anna E., Hvidegaard, Sine, Lemos, A., Macedo, Karlus, Kuipers Munneke, P., Parrinello, Tommaso, Simonsen, Sebastian B., Skourup, Henriette, Sørensen, Louise Sandberg, Sub Dynamics Meteorology, Marine and Atmospheric Research, Otosaka, Ines, Shepherd, A., Casal, Tania, coccia, alex, Davidson, Malcolm, Di Bella, Alessandro, Fettweis, X.R., Forsberg, René, Helm, Veit, Hogg, Anna E., Hvidegaard, Sine, Lemos, A., Macedo, Karlus, Kuipers Munneke, P., Parrinello, Tommaso, Simonsen, Sebastian B., Skourup, Henriette, and Sørensen, Louise Sandberg

Published
2020

27. The Copernicus Polar Ice and Snow Topography Altimeter (CRISTAL) high-priority candidate mission

Author

Sub Dynamics Meteorology, Marine and Atmospheric Research, Kern, Michael, Cullen, Robert, Berruti, Bruno, Bouffard, Jerome, Casal, Tania, Drinkwater, Mark R., Gabriele, Antonio, Lecuyot, Arnaud, Ludwig, Michael, Midthassel, Rolv, Navas Traver, Ignacio, Parrinello, Tommaso, Ressler, Gerhard, Andersson, Erik, Martin-Puig, Cristina, Andersen, Ole, Bartsch, Annett, Farrell, Sinead, Fleury, Sara, Gascoin, Simon, Guillot, Amandine, Humbert, Angelika, Rinne, Eero, Shepherd, Andrew, Van Den Broeke, Michiel R., Yackel, John, Sub Dynamics Meteorology, Marine and Atmospheric Research, Kern, Michael, Cullen, Robert, Berruti, Bruno, Bouffard, Jerome, Casal, Tania, Drinkwater, Mark R., Gabriele, Antonio, Lecuyot, Arnaud, Ludwig, Michael, Midthassel, Rolv, Navas Traver, Ignacio, Parrinello, Tommaso, Ressler, Gerhard, Andersson, Erik, Martin-Puig, Cristina, Andersen, Ole, Bartsch, Annett, Farrell, Sinead, Fleury, Sara, Gascoin, Simon, Guillot, Amandine, Humbert, Angelika, Rinne, Eero, Shepherd, Andrew, Van Den Broeke, Michiel R., and Yackel, John

Published
2020

28. Surface Melting Drives Fluctuations in Airborne Radar Penetration in West Central Greenland

Author

Otosaka, I. N., Shepherd, Andrew, Casal, T. G. D., Coccia, Alex, Davidson, Malcolm, Di Bella, Alessandro, Fettweis, Xavier, Forsberg, R., Helm, Veit, Hogg, Anna E., Hvidegaard, Sine M., Lemos, Adriano, Macedo, Karlus, Kuipers Munneke, Peter, Parrinello, Tommaso, Simonsen, Sebastian B., Skourup, Henriette, Sørensen, Louise Sandberg, Otosaka, I. N., Shepherd, Andrew, Casal, T. G. D., Coccia, Alex, Davidson, Malcolm, Di Bella, Alessandro, Fettweis, Xavier, Forsberg, R., Helm, Veit, Hogg, Anna E., Hvidegaard, Sine M., Lemos, Adriano, Macedo, Karlus, Kuipers Munneke, Peter, Parrinello, Tommaso, Simonsen, Sebastian B., Skourup, Henriette, and Sørensen, Louise Sandberg

Abstract

Greenland Ice Sheet surface melting has increased since the 1990s, affecting the rheology and scattering properties of the near‐surface firn. We combine firn cores and modeled firn densities with 7 years of CryoVEx airborne Ku‐band (13.5 GHz) radar profiles to quantify the impact of melting on microwave radar penetration in West Central Greenland. Although annual layers are present in the Ku‐band radar profiles to depths up to 15 m below the ice sheet surface, fluctuations in summer melting strongly affect the degree of radar penetration. The extreme melting in 2012, for example, caused an abrupt 6.2 ± 2.4 m decrease in Ku‐band radar penetration. Nevertheless, retracking the radar echoes mitigates this effect, producing surface heights that agree to within 13.9 cm of coincident airborne laser measurements. We also examine 2 years of Ka‐band (34.5 GHz) airborne radar data and show that the degree of penetration is half that of coincident Ku‐band.

Published
2020

29. CryoSat Ice Baseline-D validation and evolutions

Author

Meloni, Marco, Bouffard, Jerome, Parrinello, Tommaso, Dawson, Geoffrey, Garnier, Florent, Helm, Veit, Di Bella, Alessandro, Hendricks, Stefan, Ricker, Robert, Webb, Erica, Wright, Ben, Nielsen, Karina, Lee, Sanggyun, Passaro, Marcello, Scagliola, Michele, Simonsen, Sebastian Bjerregaard, Sandberg Sørensen, Louise, Brockley, David, Baker, Steven, Fleury, Sara, Bamber, Jonathan, Maestri, Luca, Skourup, Henriette, Forsberg, René, Mizzi, Loretta, Meloni, Marco, Bouffard, Jerome, Parrinello, Tommaso, Dawson, Geoffrey, Garnier, Florent, Helm, Veit, Di Bella, Alessandro, Hendricks, Stefan, Ricker, Robert, Webb, Erica, Wright, Ben, Nielsen, Karina, Lee, Sanggyun, Passaro, Marcello, Scagliola, Michele, Simonsen, Sebastian Bjerregaard, Sandberg Sørensen, Louise, Brockley, David, Baker, Steven, Fleury, Sara, Bamber, Jonathan, Maestri, Luca, Skourup, Henriette, Forsberg, René, and Mizzi, Loretta

Abstract

The ESA Earth Explorer CryoSat-2 was launched on 8 April 2010 to monitor the precise changes in the thickness of terrestrial ice sheets and marine floating ice. To do that, CryoSat orbits the planet at an altitude of around 720 km with a retrograde orbit inclination of 92∘ and a quasi repeat cycle of 369 d (30 d subcycle). To reach the mission goals, the CryoSat products have to meet the highest quality standards to date, achieved through continual improvements of the operational processing chains. The new CryoSat Ice Baseline-D, in operation since 27 May 2019, represents a major processor upgrade with respect to the previous Ice Baseline-C. Over land ice the new Baseline-D provides better results with respect to the previous baseline when comparing the data to a reference elevation model over the Austfonna ice cap region, improving the ascending and descending crossover statistics from 1.9 to 0.1 m. The improved processing of the star tracker measurements implemented in Baseline-D has led to a reduction in the standard deviation of the point-to-point comparison with the previous star tracker processing method implemented in Baseline-C from 3.8 to 3.7 m. Over sea ice, Baseline-D improves the quality of the retrieved heights inside and at the boundaries of the synthetic aperture radar interferometric (SARIn or SIN) acquisition mask, removing the negative freeboard pattern which is beneficial not only for freeboard retrieval but also for any application that exploits the phase information from SARIn Level 1B (L1B) products. In addition, scatter comparisons with the Beaufort Gyre Exploration Project (BGEP; https://www.whoi.edu/beaufortgyre, last access: October 2019) and Operation IceBridge (OIB; Kurtz et al., 2013) in situ measurements confirm the improvements in the Baseline-D freeboard product quality. Relative to OIB, the Baseline-D freeboard mean bias is reduced by about 8 cm, which roughly corresponds to a 60 % decrease with respect to Baseline-C. The BGEP data i

Published
2020

31. Aeolus - ESA'S Wind Lidar Mission, A Brief Status

Author

Kanitz, Thomas, primary, Wernham, Denny, additional, Alvarez, Emilio, additional, Tzeremes, Georgios, additional, Parrinello, Tommaso, additional, Marshall, Jon, additional, Brewster, John, additional, Lecrenier, Olivier, additional, Schillinger, Marc, additional, De Sanctis, Valeria, additional, D'Ottavi, Alessandro, additional, Reitebuch, Oliver, additional, Weiler, Fabian, additional, Lux, Oliver, additional, Rennie, Michael, additional, and Isaksen, Lars, additional

Published
2020
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32. CryoSat Ice Baseline-D validation and evolutions

Author

Meloni, Marco, primary, Bouffard, Jerome, additional, Parrinello, Tommaso, additional, Dawson, Geoffrey, additional, Garnier, Florent, additional, Helm, Veit, additional, Di Bella, Alessandro, additional, Hendricks, Stefan, additional, Ricker, Robert, additional, Webb, Erica, additional, Wright, Ben, additional, Nielsen, Karina, additional, Lee, Sanggyun, additional, Passaro, Marcello, additional, Scagliola, Michele, additional, Simonsen, Sebastian Bjerregaard, additional, Sandberg Sørensen, Louise, additional, Brockley, David, additional, Baker, Steven, additional, Fleury, Sara, additional, Bamber, Jonathan, additional, Maestri, Luca, additional, Skourup, Henriette, additional, Forsberg, René, additional, and Mizzi, Loretta, additional

Published
2020
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36. Quality Status of the CryoSat Data Products

Author

Webb, Erica, primary, Wright, Ben, additional, Meloni, Marco, additional, Bouffard, Jerome, additional, Parrinello, Tommaso, additional, Baker, Steven, additional, Brockley, David, additional, Geminale, Teresa, additional, Scagliola, Michele, additional, and Fornari, Marco, additional

Published
2020
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37. High-power and frequency-stable ultraviolet laser performance in space for the wind lidar on Aeolus

Author

Lux, Oliver, primary, Wernham, Denny, additional, Bravetti, Paolo, additional, McGoldrick, Phil, additional, Lecrenier, Olivier, additional, Riede, Wolfgang, additional, D’Ottavi, Alessandro, additional, De Sanctis, Valeria, additional, Schillinger, Marc, additional, Lochard, Jérémie, additional, Marshall, Jon, additional, Lemmerz, Christian, additional, Weiler, Fabian, additional, Mondin, Linda, additional, Ciapponi, Alessandra, additional, Kanitz, Thomas, additional, Elfving, Anders, additional, Parrinello, Tommaso, additional, and Reitebuch, Oliver, additional

Published
2020
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38. Aeolus: ESA’s wind mission. Status and future challenges

Author

Parrinello, Tommaso, primary, Straume, Anne Grete, additional, Von Bismark, Jonas, additional, Bley, Sebastian, additional, Tran, Viet Duc, additional, Fischer, Peggy, additional, Kanitz, Thomas, additional, Wernham, Denny, additional, Fehr, Thorsten, additional, Alvarez, Emilio, additional, Reitebuch, Oliver, additional, and Krisch, Isabell, additional

Published
2020
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39. The Copernicus Polar Ice and Snow Topography Altimeter (CRISTAL): Expected Mission Contributions

Author

Kern, Michael, primary, Cullen, Robert, additional, Berruti, Bruno, additional, Bouffard, Jerome, additional, Casal, Tania, additional, Drinkwater, Mark R., additional, Gabriele, Antonio, additional, Lecuyot, Arnaud, additional, Ludwig, Michael, additional, Midthassel, Rolv, additional, Navas Traver, Ignacio, additional, Parrinello, Tommaso, additional, Ressler, Gerhard, additional, Andersson, Eric, additional, Martin Puig, Cristina, additional, Andersen, Ole, additional, Bartsch, Annett, additional, Farrell, Sinead L., additional, Fleury, Sara, additional, Gascoin, Simon, additional, Guillot, Amandine, additional, Humbert, Angelika, additional, Rinne, Eero, additional, Shepherd, Andrew, additional, van den Broeke, Michiel R., additional, and Yackel, John, additional

Published
2020
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40. CryoSat Ice Baseline-D Validation and Evolutions

Author

Meloni, Marco, primary, Bouffard, Jerome, additional, Parrinello, Tommaso, additional, Dawson, Geoffrey, additional, Garnier, Florent, additional, Helm, Veit, additional, Di Bella, Alessandro, additional, Hendricks, Stefan, additional, Ricker, Robert, additional, Webb, Erica, additional, Wright, Ben, additional, Nielsen, Karina, additional, Lee, Sanggyun, additional, Passaro, Marcello, additional, Scagliola, Michele, additional, Bjerregaard Simonsen, Sebastian, additional, Sandberg Sørensen, Louise, additional, Brockley, David, additional, Baker, Steven, additional, Fleury, Sara, additional, Bamber, Jonathan, additional, Maestri, Luca, additional, Skourup, Henriette, additional, Forsberg, René, additional, and Mizzi, Loretta, additional

Published
2019
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42. How much solar cycle variations impact long term effect predictions at LEO?

Author

Bourdarie, Sébastien, Calvel, Philippe, Barillot, Catherine, Rey, Laurent, Parrinello, Tommaso, Hoyos, Berta, Ecoffet, R., Guilissen, Gaëlle, ONERA / DPHY, Université de Toulouse [Toulouse], PRES Université de Toulouse-ONERA, Thales Alenia Space - TAS (Toulouse, France), Thales (France), ESA Centre for Earth Observation (ESRIN), European Space Agency (ESA), and Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)

Subjects
[PHYS]Physics [physics], [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Spatial environment, [SPI] Engineering Sciences [physics], Physics::Space Physics, Effect, Solar cycle, [PHYS] Physics [physics]
Abstract

International audience; An 8 year long flight database from an EDAC counter implemented onboard an altimeter flying on CryoSat-2 spacecraft at 715 km altitude is analyzed to investigate on solar cycle variations impact on long term effect predictions. In-situ observations are then compared to various specification models including legacy models as well as models under developments.

Published
2019

43. A new digital elevation model of Antarctica derived from CryoSat-2 altimetry

Author

Slater, Thomas, Shepherd, Andrew, Mcmillan, Malcolm, Muir, Alan, Gilbert, Lin, Hogg, Anna E., Konrad, Hannes, Parrinello, Tommaso, Slater, Thomas, Shepherd, Andrew, Mcmillan, Malcolm, Muir, Alan, Gilbert, Lin, Hogg, Anna E., Konrad, Hannes, and Parrinello, Tommaso

Abstract

We present a new digital elevation model (DEM) of the Antarctic ice sheet and ice shelves based on 2.5×108 observations recorded by the CryoSat-2 satellite radar altimeter between July 2010 and July 2016. The DEM is formed from spatio-temporal fits to elevation measurements accumulated within 1, 2, and 5 km grid cells, and is posted at the modal resolution of 1 km. Altogether, 94 % of the grounded ice sheet and 98 % of the floating ice shelves are observed, and the remaining grid cells north of 88° S are interpolated using ordinary kriging. The median and root mean square difference between the DEM and 2.3×107 airborne laser altimeter measurements acquired during NASA Operation IceBridge campaigns are ĝ'0.30 and 13.50 m, respectively. The DEM uncertainty rises in regions of high slope, especially where elevation measurements were acquired in low-resolution mode; taking this into account, we estimate the average accuracy to be 9.5 m - a value that is comparable to or better than that of other models derived from satellite radar and laser altimetry.

Published
2018

44. Characterization of dark current signal measurements of the ACCDs used on-board the Aeolus satellite.

Author

Weiler, Fabian, Kanitz, Thomas, Wernham, Denny, Rennie, Michael, Huber, Dorit, Schillinger, Marc, Saint-Pe, Olivier, Bell, Ray, Parrinello, Tommaso, and Reitebuch, Oliver

Subjects
WIND measurement, PIXELS
Abstract

Already shortly after the successful launch of the European Space Agency satellite Aeolus in August 2018, it turned out that dark current signal anomalies of single pixels (so-called hot pixels) on the Accumulation-Charge-Coupled Devices (ACCDs) of the Aeolus detectors detrimentally impact the quality of the aerosol and wind products potentially leading to wind errors of up to 4 m/s. This paper provides a detailed characterization of the hot pixels which occurred during the first one and a half years in orbit. The hot pixels are classified according to their characteristics to discuss their impact on wind measurements. Furthermore, mitigation approaches for the wind retrieval are presented and potential root causes for the hot pixel occurrence are discussed. The analysis of the dark current signal anomalies reveals a large variety of anomalies ranging from pixels with Random Telegraph Signal (RTS)-like characteristics to pixels with sporadic shifts in the median dark current signal. Moreover, the results indicate that the number of hot pixels has almost linearly increased during the observing period between 2018-09-02 until 2020-05-20 with 6 % of the ACCD pixels affected in total at the end of the period leading to 9.5 % at the end of mission lifetime. This work introduces dedicated instrument calibration modes and ground processors which allowed for a correction shortly after a hot pixel occurrence. The achieved performance with this approach avoids risky adjustments to the inflight hardware operation. It is demonstrated that the success of the correction scheme varies depending on the characteristics of each hot pixel itself. With the herein presented categorization, it is shown that multi-level RTS pixels with high fluctuation are the biggest challenge for the hot pixel correction scheme. Despite a detailed analysis in this framework, no conclusion could be drawn about the root cause of the hot pixel issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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46. Calibrating the SAR SSH of Sentinel-3A and CryoSat-2 over the Corsica Facilities

Author

Bonnefond, Pascal, primary, Laurain, Olivier, additional, Exertier, Pierre, additional, Boy, François, additional, Guinle, Thierry, additional, Picot, Nicolas, additional, Labroue, Sylvie, additional, Raynal, Matthias, additional, Donlon, Craig, additional, Féménias, Pierre, additional, Parrinello, Tommaso, additional, and Dinardo, Salvatore, additional

Published
2018
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