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2. Intergenerational Transmission of Educational Disadvantage: Education Progression of Children of Care Leavers Compared to a General Population Sample

Author

Parsons, Sam, Fitzsimons, Emla, and Schoon, Ingrid

Abstract

There is persistent evidence showing that care leavers tend to have lower educational outcomes compared to their peers. There is, however, less knowledge of whether this educational disadvantage transfers to the second generation. This study adopts a developmental contextual life-course approach to examine: (a) the extent of educational inequality of children of care leavers from school entry to public examinations at age 16; (b) the relative role of different psychosocial family resources as predictors of educational attainment; and (c) the role of early school readiness assessments as predictors of later educational attainment. Drawing on data collected from families living in England at the first sweep of the nationally representative UK Millennium Cohort Study (MCS) (n = 11,514), the findings suggest intergenerational transmission of educational disadvantage among children of care leavers (n = 287), which is manifest in a direct assessment of school readiness (age 3), at the Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS) (age 5) and in General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) attainment (age 16). However, once inequalities in family socio-economic background or area deprivation and housing are controlled for, children of care leavers perform comparably in their educational progression to those whose mothers had no experience of being in care (n = 11,227). Moreover, the findings highlight the significance of early school readiness assessments in predicting later educational attainment for the whole sample. Findings are discussed regarding their implications for policy, in particular the need to address educational inequality for children in care, area allocation and housing that is offered to care leavers, and the general importance of early interventions.

Published
2023
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4. Incidence of diabetes after SARS-CoV-2 infection in England and the implications of COVID-19 vaccination: a retrospective cohort study of 16 million people

Author

Al Arab, Marwa, Almaghrabi, Fatima, Andrews, Colm, Badrick, Ellena, Baz, Sarah, Beckford, Chelsea, Berman, Samantha, Bolton, Tom, Booth, Charlotte, Bowyer, Ruth, Boyd, Andy, Bridger-Staatz, Charis, Brophy, Sinead, Campbell, Archie, Campbell, Kirsteen C, Carnemolla, Alisia, Carpentieri, Jd, Cezard, Genevieve, Chaturvedi, Nishi, Cheetham, Nathan, Costello, Ruth, Cowling, Thomas, Crane, Matthew, Cuitun Coronado, Jose Ignacio, Curtis, Helen, Denaxas, Spiros, Denholm, Rachel, Di Gessa, Giorgio, Dobson, Richard, Douglas, Ian, Evans, Katharine M, Fang, Chao, Ferreira, Vanessa, Finnigan, Lucy, Fisher, Louis, Flaig, Robin, Folarin, Amos, Forbes, Harriet, Foster, Diane, Fox, Laura, Freydin, Maxim, Garcia, Paz, Gibson, Andy, Glen, Fiona, Goldacre, Ben, Goncalves Soares, Ana, Greaves, Felix, Green, Amelia, Green, Mark, Green, Michael, Griffith, Gareth, Hamill Howes, Lee, Hamilton, Olivia, Herbet, Annie, Herrett, Emily, Hopcroft, Lisa, Horne, Elsie, Hou, Bo, Hughes, Alun, Hulme, William, Huntley, Lizzie, Ip, Samantha, Jacques, Wels, Jezzard, Peter, Jones, Louise, Kanagaratnam, Arun, Karthikeyan Suseeladevi, Arun, Katikireddi, Vittal, Kellas, John, Kennedy, Jonathan I, Kibble, Milla, Knight, Rochelle, Knueppel, Anika, Kopasker, Daniel, Kromydas, Theocharis, Kwong, Alex, Langan, Sinead, Lemanska, Agnieszka, Lukaschuk, Elena, Mackenna, Brain, Macleod, John, Maddock, Jane, Mahalingasivam, Viyaasan, Mansfield, Kathryn, McArdle, Fintan, McCartney, Daniel, McEachan, Rosie, McElroy, Eoin, McLachlan, Stela, Mitchell, Ruth, Moltrecht, Bettina, Morley, Jess, Nab, Linda, Neubauer, Stefan, Nigrelli, Lidia, North, Teri, Northstone, Kate, Oakley, Jacqui, Palmer, Tom, Park, Chloe, Parker, Michael, Parsons, Sam, Patalay, Praveetha, Patel, Kishan, Perez-Reche, Francisco, Piechnik, Stefan, Piehlmaier, Dominik, Ploubidis, George, Rafeti, Elena, Raman, Betty, Ranjan, Yatharth, Rapala, Alicja, Rhead, Rebecca, Roberts, Amy, Sampri, Alexia, Sanders, Zeena-Britt, Santorelli, Gillian, Saunders, Laura C, Shah, Anoop, Shah, Syed Ahmar, Sharp, Steve, Shaw, Richard, Sheard, Laura, Sheikh, Aziz, Silverwood, Richard, Smeeth, Liam, Smith, Stephen, Stafford, Jean, Steptoe, Andrew, Sterne, Jonathan, Steves, Claire, Stewart, Callum, Taylor, Kurt, Tazare, John, Teece, Lucy, Thomas, Richard, Thompson, Ellen, Tilling, Kate, Timpson, Nicholas, Tomlinson, Laurie, Toms, Renin, Tunnicliffe, Elizabeth, Turner, Emma L, Walker, Alex, Walker, Venexia, Walter, Scott, Wang, Kevin, Wei, Yinghui, Whitehorn, Rebecca, Wielgoszewska, Bozena, Wild, James M, Willan, Kathryn, Willans, Robert, Williams, Dylan, Wong, Andrew, Wood, Angela, Woodward, Hannah, Wright, John, Yang, Tiffany, Zaninotto, Paola, Zheng, Bang, Zhu, Jingmin, Eastwood, Sophie, Horne, Elsie M F, Massey, Jon, Hopcroft, Lisa E M, Cuitun Coronado, Jose, Davy, Simon, Dillingham, Iain, Morton, Caroline, and Sterne, Jonathan A C

Published
2024
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7. Ethnic differences in the indirect effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on clinical monitoring and hospitalisations for non-COVID conditions in England: a population-based, observational cohort study using the OpenSAFELY platform

Author

Chaturvedi, Nishi, Park, Chloe, Carnemolla, Alisia, Williams, Dylan, Knueppel, Anika, Boyd, Andy, Turner, Emma L., Evans, Katharine M., Thomas, Richard, Berman, Samantha, McLachlan, Stela, Crane, Matthew, Whitehorn, Rebecca, Oakley, Jacqui, Foster, Diane, Woodward, Hannah, Campbell, Kirsteen C., Timpson, Nicholas, Kwong, Alex, Soares, Ana Goncalves, Griffith, Gareth, Toms, Renin, Jones, Louise, Annie, Herbert, Mitchell, Ruth, Palmer, Tom, Sterne, Jonathan, Walker, Venexia, Huntley, Lizzie, Fox, Laura, Denholm, Rachel, Knight, Rochelle, Northstone, Kate, Kanagaratnam, Arun, Horne, Elsie, Forbes, Harriet, North, Teri, Taylor, Kurt, Arab, Marwa A.L., Walker, Scott, Coronado, Jose I.C., Karthikeyan, Arun S., Ploubidis, George, Moltrecht, Bettina, Booth, Charlotte, Parsons, Sam, Wielgoszewska, Bozena, Bridger-Staatz, Charis, Steves, Claire, Thompson, Ellen, Garcia, Paz, Cheetham, Nathan, Bowyer, Ruth, Freydin, Maxim, Roberts, Amy, Goldacre, Ben, Walker, Alex, Morley, Jess, Hulme, William, Nab, Linda, Fisher, Louis, MacKenna, Brian, Andrews, Colm, Curtis, Helen, Hopcroft, Lisa, Green, Amelia, Patalay, Praveetha, Maddock, Jane, Patel, Kishan, Stafford, Jean, Jacques, Wels, Tilling, Kate, Macleod, John, McElroy, Eoin, Shah, Anoop, Silverwood, Richard, Denaxas, Spiros, Flaig, Robin, McCartney, Daniel, Campbell, Archie, Tomlinson, Laurie, Tazare, John, Zheng, Bang, Smeeth, Liam, Herrett, Emily, Cowling, Thomas, Mansfield, Kate, Costello, Ruth E., Wang, Kevin, Mansfield, Kathryn, Mahalingasivam, Viyaasan, Douglas, Ian, Langan, Sinead, Brophy, Sinead, Parker, Michael, Kennedy, Jonathan, McEachan, Rosie, Wright, John, Willan, Kathryn, Badrick, Ellena, Santorelli, Gillian, Yang, Tiffany, Hou, Bo, Steptoe, Andrew, Giorgio, Di Gessa, Zhu, Jingmin, Zaninotto, Paola, Wood, Angela, Cezard, Genevieve, Ip, Samantha, Bolton, Tom, Sampri, Alexia, Rafeti, Elena, Almaghrabi, Fatima, Sheikh, Aziz, Shah, Syed A., Katikireddi, Vittal, Shaw, Richard, Hamilton, Olivia, Green, Michael, Kromydas, Theocharis, Kopasker, Daniel, Greaves, Felix, Willans, Robert, Glen, Fiona, Sharp, Steve, Hughes, Alun, Wong, Andrew, Howes, Lee Hamill, Rapala, Alicja, Nigrelli, Lidia, McArdle, Fintan, Beckford, Chelsea, Raman, Betty, Dobson, Richard, Folarin, Amos, Stewart, Callum, Ranjan, Yatharth, Carpentieri, Jd, Sheard, Laura, Fang, Chao, Baz, Sarah, Gibson, Andy, Kellas, John, Neubauer, Stefan, Piechnik, Stefan, Lukaschuk, Elena, Saunders, Laura C., Wild, James M., Smith, Stephen, Jezzard, Peter, Tunnicliffe, Elizabeth, Sanders, Zeena-Britt, Finnigan, Lucy, Ferreira, Vanessa, Green, Mark, Rhead, Rebecca, Kibble, Milla, Wei, Yinghui, Lemanska, Agnieszka, Perez-Reche, Francisco, Piehlmaier, Dominik, Teece, Lucy, Parker, Edward, Walker, Alex J., Inglesby, Peter, Curtis, Helen J., Morton, Caroline E., Morley, Jessica, Mehrkar, Amir, Bacon, Sebastian C.J., Hickman, George, Croker, Richard, Evans, David, Ward, Tom, DeVito, Nicholas J., Green, Amelia C.A., Massey, Jon, Smith, Rebecca M., Hulme, William J., Davy, Simon, Andrews, Colm D., Hopcroft, Lisa E.M., Drysdale, Henry, Dillingham, Iain, Park, Robin Y., Higgins, Rose, Cunningham, Christine, Wiedemann, Milan, Maude, Steven, Macdonald, Orla, Butler-Cole, Ben F.C., O'Dwyer, Thomas, Stables, Catherine L., Wood, Christopher, Brown, Andrew D., Speed, Victoria, Bridges, Lucy, Schaffer, Andrea L., Walters, Caroline E., Rentsch, Christopher T., Bhaskaran, Krishnan, Schultze, Anna, Williamson, Elizabeth J., McDonald, Helen I., Tomlinson, Laurie A., Mathur, Rohini, Eggo, Rosalind M., Wing, Kevin, Wong, Angel Y.S., Grieve, Richard, Grint, Daniel J., Mansfield, Kathryn E., Douglas, Ian J., Evans, Stephen J.W., Walker, Jemma L., Cowling, Thomas E., Herrett, Emily L., Parker, Edward P.K., Bates, Christopher, Cockburn, Jonathan, Parry, John, Hester, Frank, Harper, Sam, O'Hanlon, Shaun, Eavis, Alex, Jarvis, Richard, Avramov, Dima, Griffiths, Paul, Fowles, Aaron, Parkes, Nasreen, Nicholson, Brian, Perera, Rafael, Harrison, David, Khunti, Kamlesh, Sterne, Jonathan AC., Quint, Jennifer, Henderson, Alasdair D., Carreira, Helena, Bidulka, Patrick, Warren-Gash, Charlotte, Hayes, Joseph F., Quint, Jennifer K., Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal, and Langan, Sinéad M.

Published
2023
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8. The Relationship between Child Behaviour Problems at School Entrance and Teenage Vocabulary Acquisition: A Comparison of Two Generations of British Children Born 30 Years Apart

Author

Parsons, Sam, Sullivan, Alice, Moulton, Vanessa, Fitzsimons, Emla, and Ploubidis, George B.

Abstract

Behaviour problems in early childhood have a lasting impact on cognitive development and education attainment in later adolescence and into adulthood. Here we address the relationship conduct and hyperactivity problems at school entrance, and vocabulary acquisition in adolescence. We compare performance in identical assessments across two generations of British children born 30 years apart in 1970 (n = 15,676) and 2000/2 (n = 16,628) and find that both conduct and hyperactivity problems have a negative association with later vocabulary in both generations. We take advantage of rich longitudinal birth cohort data and establish that these relationships hold once family socioeconomic status and a child's personal characteristics and earlier vocabulary acquisition are taken into account. We also find that teenagers today achieved substantively lower scores in the vocabulary assessment compared to their counterparts born 30 years earlier, and that this holds across all categories within each of the family and individual characteristics considered in this article. As vocabulary and language skills are key prerequisites for wider learning, we discuss implications the findings have for education policies.

Published
2021
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9. Seven Easy Steps to Open Science

Author

Crüwell, Sophia, van Doorn, Johnny, Etz, Alexander, Makel, Matthew C, Moshontz, Hannah, Niebaum, Jesse C, Orben, Amy, Parsons, Sam, and Schulte-Mecklenbeck, Michael

Subjects
Good Health and Well Being, open science, meta-science, open access, transparency, reproducibility, Psychology, Cognitive Sciences, Experimental Psychology
Abstract

The open science movement is rapidly changing the scientific landscape. Because exact definitions are often lacking and reforms are constantly evolving, accessible guides to open science are needed. This paper provides an introduction to open science and related reforms in the form of an annotated reading list of seven peer-reviewed articles, following the format of Etz, Gronau, Dablander, Edelsbrunner, and Baribault (2018). Written for researchers and students-particularly in psychological science-it highlights and introduces seven topics: understanding open science; open access; open data, materials, and code; reproducible analyses; preregistration and registered reports; replication research; and teaching open science. For each topic, we provide a detailed summary of one particularly informative and actionable article and suggest several further resources. Supporting a broader understanding of open science issues, this overview should enable researchers to engage with, improve, and implement current open, transparent, reproducible, replicable, and cumulative scientific practices.

Published
2019

10. A community-sourced glossary of open scholarship terms

Author

Parsons, Sam, Azevedo, Flávio, Elsherif, Mahmoud M., Guay, Samuel, Shahim, Owen N., Govaart, Gisela H., Norris, Emma, O’Mahony, Aoife, Parker, Adam J., Todorovic, Ana, Pennington, Charlotte R., Garcia-Pelegrin, Elias, Lazić, Aleksandra, Robertson, Olly, Middleton, Sara L., Valentini, Beatrice, McCuaig, Joanne, Baker, Bradley J., Collins, Elizabeth, Fillon, Adrien A., Lonsdorf, Tina B., Lim, Michele C., Vanek, Norbert, Kovacs, Marton, Roettger, Timo B., Rishi, Sonia, Miranda, Jacob F., Jaquiery, Matt, Stewart, Suzanne L. K., Agostini, Valeria, Stewart, Andrew J., Izydorczak, Kamil, Ashcroft-Jones, Sarah, Hartmann, Helena, Ingham, Madeleine, Yamada, Yuki, Vasilev, Martin R., Dechterenko, Filip, Albayrak-Aydemir, Nihan, Yang, Yu-Fang, LaPlume, Annalise A., Wolska, Julia K., Henderson, Emma L., Zaneva, Mirela, Farrar, Benjamin G., Mounce, Ross, Kalandadze, Tamara, Li, Wanyin, Xiao, Qinyu, Ross, Robert M., Yeung, Siu Kit, Liu, Meng, Vandegrift, Micah L., Kekecs, Zoltan, Topor, Marta K., Baum, Myriam A., Williams, Emily A., Assaneea, Asma A., Bret, Amélie, Cashin, Aidan G., Ballou, Nick, Dumbalska, Tsvetomira, Kern, Bettina M. J., Melia, Claire R., Arendt, Beatrix, Vineyard, Gerald H., Pickering, Jade S., Evans, Thomas R., Laverty, Catherine, Woodward, Eliza A., Moreau, David, Roche, Dominique G., Rinke, Eike M., Reid, Graham, Garcia-Garzon, Eduardo, Verheyen, Steven, Kocalar, Halil E., Blake, Ashley R., Cockcroft, Jamie P., Micheli, Leticia, Bret, Brice Beffara, Flack, Zoe M., Szaszi, Barnabas, Weinmann, Markus, Lecuona, Oscar, Schmidt, Birgit, Ngiam, William X., Mendes, Ana Barbosa, Francis, Shannon, Gall, Brett J., Paul, Mariella, Keating, Connor T., Grose-Hodge, Magdalena, Bartlett, James E., Iley, Bethan J., Spitzer, Lisa, Pownall, Madeleine, Graham, Christopher J., Wingen, Tobias, Terry, Jenny, Oliveira, Catia Margarida F., Millager, Ryan A., Fox, Kerry J., AlDoh, Alaa, Hart, Alexander, van den Akker, Olmo R., Feldman, Gilad, Kiersz, Dominik A., Pomareda, Christina, Krautter, Kai, Al-Hoorie, Ali H., and Aczel, Balazs

Published
2022
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11. The UK Coronavirus Job Retention Scheme and smoking, alcohol consumption and vaping during the COVID-19 pandemic: evidence from eight longitudinal population surveys

Author

Green, Michael J., Maddock, Jane, Di Gessa, Giorgio, Wielgoszewska, Bożena, Parsons, Sam, Griffith, Gareth J., Croft, Jazz, Stevenson, Anna J., Huggins, Charlotte F., Booth, Charlotte, Wels, Jacques, Silverwood, Richard J., Patalay, Praveetha, Hughes, Alun D., Chaturvedi, Nishi, Howe, Laura D., Fitzsimons, Emla, Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal, and Ploubidis, George B.

Published
2022
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13. Correction: The UK Coronavirus Job Retention Scheme and diet, physical activity, and sleep during the COVID-19 pandemic: evidence from eight longitudinal population surveys

Author

Wielgoszewska, Bożena, Maddock, Jane, Green, Michael J., Di Gessa, Giorgio, Parsons, Sam, Griffith, Gareth J., Croft, Jazz, Stevenson, Anna J., Booth, Charlotte, Silverwood, Richard J., Bann, David, Patalay, Praveetha, Hughes, Alun D., Chaturvedi, Nishi, Howe, Laura D., Fitzsimons, Emla, Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal, and Ploubidis, George B.

Published
2022
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14. The UK Coronavirus Job Retention Scheme and diet, physical activity, and sleep during the COVID-19 pandemic: evidence from eight longitudinal population surveys

Author

Wielgoszewska, Bożena, Maddock, Jane, Green, Michael J., Di Gessa, Giorgio, Parsons, Sam, Griffith, Gareth J., Croft, Jazz, Stevenson, Anna J., Booth, Charlotte, Silverwood, Richard J., Bann, David, Patalay, Praveetha, Hughes, Alun D., Chaturvedi, Nishi, Howe, Laura D., Fitzsimons, Emla, Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal, and Ploubidis, George B.

Published
2022
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17. The Effect of Varying Danger Controllability on Attention to Threat Messages

Author

Herbert, Matthew, Notebaert, Lies, Parsons, Sam, Fox, Elaine, and MacLeod, Colin

Abstract

The objective of this study is to determine whether attention toward fear messages is affected by variation in the controllability of the associated danger. There is no consensus regarding the effectiveness of fear appeals in driving adaptive behaviour, and it may be the case that threat messages fail to capture attention if the associated danger is not explicitly controllable. One hundred and sixty undergraduate university students completed a computer task that involved exposure to threat cues signalling a danger (money loss). In high control blocks, attending to threat cues provided a high chance of avoiding the danger, whereas in low control blocks, attending to threat cues provided little chance of avoiding the danger. Attentional capture by threat was measured. A mixed-design analysis of variance showed there was greater attentional capture by threat cues in high control blocks compared with low control blocks. This effect was observed with a short stimulus exposure duration and was magnified with a long exposure duration. Fear appeals could capture attention to a greater degree if the danger related to the threat message was communicated as being controllable. This has significant practical implications for the implementation of fear appeals.

Published
2020
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18. Investigating the cognitive characteristics of positive mental health and resilience

Author

Parsons, Sam, Fox, Elaine, and Kruijt, Anne-Wil

Subjects
150.72, Psychology, Experimental
Abstract

Mental health is distinct to emotional vulnerability, and can be characterised by wellbeing and functioning well in life. Cognitive-affective approaches have been widely used to investigate emotional vulnerability, however, research investigating the cognitive characteristics of mental health and resilience is in its infancy. Research in this thesis examined emotional information processing biases in positive mental health. Chapters Two and Three present cross-sectional data that support the continued exploration of the role of emotional cognitive biases in mental health. Chapter Two found associations between positive attention biases and psychological flexibility, and between the recognition of facially expressed emotions and mental health. Chapter Three found that the interrelationships amongst biases in attention, interpretation, and memory differed between high mental health and low mental health samples of adolescents. In Chapters Four and Five, attention bias modification was used to train attention bias towards positive information and away from negative information. Training-induced shifts in attentional bias were found to associate with positive emotions and happiness 12 weeks later in Chapter Four, but not in the replication and extension in Chapter Five. In Chapter Six a cognitive model of psychological resilience is introduced to draw together the largely disparate fields of emotional information-processing in emotional vulnerability, and resilience approaches. Chapter Seven was a proof-of-principle study of one hypothesis drawn from the cognitive model outlined in Chapter Six. Data from a novel attention bias alignment assessment task supported the hypothesis that individuals are capable of aligning attentional bias to threat as a function of whether displaying such a bias is adaptive or maladaptive in the current context. The studies in this thesis contribute to the understanding of emotional information-processing in mental health and resilience. Future studies investigating the adaptive directing of cognitive biases in differing contexts may be especially useful moving forward.

Published
2017

25. Incidence of diabetes after SARS-CoV-2 infection in England and the implications of COVID-19 vaccination: a retrospective cohort study of 16 million people

Author

Taylor, Kurt, Eastwood, Sophie, Walker, Venexia, Cezard, Genevieve, Knight, Rochelle, Al Arab, Marwa, Wei, Yinghui, Horne, Elsie M F, Teece, Lucy, Forbes, Harriet, Walker, Alex, Fisher, Louis, Massey, Jon, Hopcroft, Lisa E M, Palmer, Tom, Cuitun Coronado, Jose, Ip, Samantha, Davy, Simon, Dillingham, Iain, Morton, Caroline, Greaves, Felix, Macleod, John, Goldacre, Ben, Wood, Angela, Chaturvedi, Nishi, Sterne, Jonathan A C, Denholm, Rachel, Al Arab, Marwa, Almaghrabi, Fatima, Andrews, Colm, Badrick, Ellena, Baz, Sarah, Beckford, Chelsea, Berman, Samantha, Bolton, Tom, Booth, Charlotte, Bowyer, Ruth, Boyd, Andy, Bridger-Staatz, Charis, Brophy, Sinead, Campbell, Archie, Campbell, Kirsteen C, Carnemolla, Alisia, Carpentieri, Jd, Cezard, Genevieve, Chaturvedi, Nishi, Cheetham, Nathan, Costello, Ruth, Cowling, Thomas, Crane, Matthew, Cuitun Coronado, Jose Ignacio, Curtis, Helen, Denaxas, Spiros, Denholm, Rachel, Di Gessa, Giorgio, Dobson, Richard, Douglas, Ian, Evans, Katharine M, Fang, Chao, Ferreira, Vanessa, Finnigan, Lucy, Fisher, Louis, Flaig, Robin, Folarin, Amos, Forbes, Harriet, Foster, Diane, Fox, Laura, Freydin, Maxim, Garcia, Paz, Gibson, Andy, Glen, Fiona, Goldacre, Ben, Goncalves Soares, Ana, Greaves, Felix, Green, Amelia, Green, Mark, Green, Michael, Griffith, Gareth, Hamill Howes, Lee, Hamilton, Olivia, Herbet, Annie, Herrett, Emily, Hopcroft, Lisa, Horne, Elsie, Hou, Bo, Hughes, Alun, Hulme, William, Huntley, Lizzie, Ip, Samantha, Jacques, Wels, Jezzard, Peter, Jones, Louise, Kanagaratnam, Arun, Karthikeyan Suseeladevi, Arun, Katikireddi, Vittal, Kellas, John, Kennedy, Jonathan I, Kibble, Milla, Knight, Rochelle, Knueppel, Anika, Kopasker, Daniel, Kromydas, Theocharis, Kwong, Alex, Langan, Sinead, Lemanska, Agnieszka, Lukaschuk, Elena, Mackenna, Brain, Macleod, John, Maddock, Jane, Mahalingasivam, Viyaasan, Mansfield, Kathryn, McArdle, Fintan, McCartney, Daniel, McEachan, Rosie, McElroy, Eoin, McLachlan, Stela, Mitchell, Ruth, Moltrecht, Bettina, Morley, Jess, Nab, Linda, Neubauer, Stefan, Nigrelli, Lidia, North, Teri, Northstone, Kate, Oakley, Jacqui, Palmer, Tom, Park, Chloe, Parker, Michael, Parsons, Sam, Patalay, Praveetha, Patel, Kishan, Perez-Reche, Francisco, Piechnik, Stefan, Piehlmaier, Dominik, Ploubidis, George, Rafeti, Elena, Raman, Betty, Ranjan, Yatharth, Rapala, Alicja, Rhead, Rebecca, Roberts, Amy, Sampri, Alexia, Sanders, Zeena-Britt, Santorelli, Gillian, Saunders, Laura C, Shah, Anoop, Shah, Syed Ahmar, Sharp, Steve, Shaw, Richard, Sheard, Laura, Sheikh, Aziz, Silverwood, Richard, Smeeth, Liam, Smith, Stephen, Stafford, Jean, Steptoe, Andrew, Sterne, Jonathan, Steves, Claire, Stewart, Callum, Taylor, Kurt, Tazare, John, Teece, Lucy, Thomas, Richard, Thompson, Ellen, Tilling, Kate, Timpson, Nicholas, Tomlinson, Laurie, Toms, Renin, Tunnicliffe, Elizabeth, Turner, Emma L, Walker, Alex, Walker, Venexia, Walter, Scott, Wang, Kevin, Wei, Yinghui, Whitehorn, Rebecca, Wielgoszewska, Bozena, Wild, James M, Willan, Kathryn, Willans, Robert, Williams, Dylan, Wong, Andrew, Wood, Angela, Woodward, Hannah, Wright, John, Yang, Tiffany, Zaninotto, Paola, Zheng, Bang, and Zhu, Jingmin

Abstract

Some studies have shown that the incidence of type 2 diabetes increases after a diagnosis of COVID-19, although the evidence is not conclusive. However, the effects of the COVID-19 vaccine on this association, or the effect on other diabetes subtypes, are not clear. We aimed to investigate the association between COVID-19 and incidence of type 2, type 1, gestational and non-specific diabetes, and the effect of COVID- 19 vaccination, up to 52 weeks after diagnosis.

Published
2024
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26. Justify your alpha

Author

Lakens, Daniel, Adolfi, Federico G., Albers, Casper J., Anvari, Farid, Apps, Matthew A. J., Argamon, Shlomo E., Baguley, Thom, Becker, Raymond B., Benning, Stephen D., Bradford, Daniel E., Buchanan, Erin M., Caldwell, Aaron R., Van Calster, Ben, Carlsson, Rickard, Chen, Sau-Chin, Chung, Bryan, Colling, Lincoln J., Collins, Gary S., Crook, Zander, Cross, Emily S., Daniels, Sameera, Danielsson, Henrik, DeBruine, Lisa, Dunleavy, Daniel J., Earp, Brian D., Feist, Michele I., Ferrell, Jason D., Field, James G., Fox, Nicholas W., Friesen, Amanda, Gomes, Caio, Gonzalez-Marquez, Monica, Grange, James A., Grieve, Andrew P., Guggenberger, Robert, Grist, James, van Harmelen, Anne-Laura, Hasselman, Fred, Hochard, Kevin D., Hoffarth, Mark R., Holmes, Nicholas P., Ingre, Michael, Isager, Peder M., Isotalus, Hanna K., Johansson, Christer, Juszczyk, Konrad, Kenny, David A., Khalil, Ahmed A., Konat, Barbara, Lao, Junpeng, Larsen, Erik Gahner, Lodder, Gerine M. A., Lukavský, Jiří, Madan, Christopher R., Manheim, David, Martin, Stephen R., Martin, Andrea E., Mayo, Deborah G., McCarthy, Randy J., McConway, Kevin, McFarland, Colin, Nio, Amanda Q. X., Nilsonne, Gustav, de Oliveira, Cilene Lino, de Xivry, Jean-Jacques Orban, Parsons, Sam, Pfuhl, Gerit, Quinn, Kimberly A., Sakon, John J., Saribay, S. Adil, Schneider, Iris K., Selvaraju, Manojkumar, Sjoerds, Zsuzsika, Smith, Samuel G., Smits, Tim, Spies, Jeffrey R., Sreekumar, Vishnu, Steltenpohl, Crystal N., Stenhouse, Neil, Świątkowski, Wojciech, Vadillo, Miguel A., Van Assen, Marcel A. L. M., Williams, Matt N., Williams, Samantha E., Williams, Donald R., Yarkoni, Tal, Ziano, Ignazio, and Zwaan, Rolf A.

Published
2018
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28. Ethnic differences in the indirect effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on clinical monitoring and hospitalisations for non-COVID conditions in England: a population-based, observational cohort study using the OpenSAFELY platform

Author

Costello, Ruth E., primary, Tazare, John, additional, Piehlmaier, Dominik, additional, Herrett, Emily, additional, Parker, Edward P.K., additional, Zheng, Bang, additional, Mansfield, Kathryn E., additional, Henderson, Alasdair D., additional, Carreira, Helena, additional, Bidulka, Patrick, additional, Wong, Angel Y.S., additional, Warren-Gash, Charlotte, additional, Hayes, Joseph F., additional, Quint, Jennifer K., additional, MacKenna, Brian, additional, Mehrkar, Amir, additional, Eggo, Rosalind M., additional, Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal, additional, Tomlinson, Laurie, additional, Langan, Sinéad M., additional, Mathur, Rohini, additional, Chaturvedi, Nishi, additional, Park, Chloe, additional, Carnemolla, Alisia, additional, Williams, Dylan, additional, Knueppel, Anika, additional, Boyd, Andy, additional, Turner, Emma L., additional, Evans, Katharine M., additional, Thomas, Richard, additional, Berman, Samantha, additional, McLachlan, Stela, additional, Crane, Matthew, additional, Whitehorn, Rebecca, additional, Oakley, Jacqui, additional, Foster, Diane, additional, Woodward, Hannah, additional, Campbell, Kirsteen C., additional, Timpson, Nicholas, additional, Kwong, Alex, additional, Soares, Ana Goncalves, additional, Griffith, Gareth, additional, Toms, Renin, additional, Jones, Louise, additional, Annie, Herbert, additional, Mitchell, Ruth, additional, Palmer, Tom, additional, Sterne, Jonathan, additional, Walker, Venexia, additional, Huntley, Lizzie, additional, Fox, Laura, additional, Denholm, Rachel, additional, Knight, Rochelle, additional, Northstone, Kate, additional, Kanagaratnam, Arun, additional, Horne, Elsie, additional, Forbes, Harriet, additional, North, Teri, additional, Taylor, Kurt, additional, Arab, Marwa A.L., additional, Walker, Scott, additional, Coronado, Jose I.C., additional, Karthikeyan, Arun S., additional, Ploubidis, George, additional, Moltrecht, Bettina, additional, Booth, Charlotte, additional, Parsons, Sam, additional, Wielgoszewska, Bozena, additional, Bridger-Staatz, Charis, additional, Steves, Claire, additional, Thompson, Ellen, additional, Garcia, Paz, additional, Cheetham, Nathan, additional, Bowyer, Ruth, additional, Freydin, Maxim, additional, Roberts, Amy, additional, Goldacre, Ben, additional, Walker, Alex, additional, Morley, Jess, additional, Hulme, William, additional, Nab, Linda, additional, Fisher, Louis, additional, Andrews, Colm, additional, Curtis, Helen, additional, Hopcroft, Lisa, additional, Green, Amelia, additional, Patalay, Praveetha, additional, Maddock, Jane, additional, Patel, Kishan, additional, Stafford, Jean, additional, Jacques, Wels, additional, Tilling, Kate, additional, Macleod, John, additional, McElroy, Eoin, additional, Shah, Anoop, additional, Silverwood, Richard, additional, Denaxas, Spiros, additional, Flaig, Robin, additional, McCartney, Daniel, additional, Campbell, Archie, additional, Smeeth, Liam, additional, Cowling, Thomas, additional, Mansfield, Kate, additional, Costello, Ruth E., additional, Wang, Kevin, additional, Mansfield, Kathryn, additional, Mahalingasivam, Viyaasan, additional, Douglas, Ian, additional, Langan, Sinead, additional, Brophy, Sinead, additional, Parker, Michael, additional, Kennedy, Jonathan, additional, McEachan, Rosie, additional, Wright, John, additional, Willan, Kathryn, additional, Badrick, Ellena, additional, Santorelli, Gillian, additional, Yang, Tiffany, additional, Hou, Bo, additional, Steptoe, Andrew, additional, Giorgio, Di Gessa, additional, Zhu, Jingmin, additional, Zaninotto, Paola, additional, Wood, Angela, additional, Cezard, Genevieve, additional, Ip, Samantha, additional, Bolton, Tom, additional, Sampri, Alexia, additional, Rafeti, Elena, additional, Almaghrabi, Fatima, additional, Sheikh, Aziz, additional, Shah, Syed A., additional, Katikireddi, Vittal, additional, Shaw, Richard, additional, Hamilton, Olivia, additional, Green, Michael, additional, Kromydas, Theocharis, additional, Kopasker, Daniel, additional, Greaves, Felix, additional, Willans, Robert, additional, Glen, Fiona, additional, Sharp, Steve, additional, Hughes, Alun, additional, Wong, Andrew, additional, Howes, Lee Hamill, additional, Rapala, Alicja, additional, Nigrelli, Lidia, additional, McArdle, Fintan, additional, Beckford, Chelsea, additional, Raman, Betty, additional, Dobson, Richard, additional, Folarin, Amos, additional, Stewart, Callum, additional, Ranjan, Yatharth, additional, Carpentieri, Jd, additional, Sheard, Laura, additional, Fang, Chao, additional, Baz, Sarah, additional, Gibson, Andy, additional, Kellas, John, additional, Neubauer, Stefan, additional, Piechnik, Stefan, additional, Lukaschuk, Elena, additional, Saunders, Laura C., additional, Wild, James M., additional, Smith, Stephen, additional, Jezzard, Peter, additional, Tunnicliffe, Elizabeth, additional, Sanders, Zeena-Britt, additional, Finnigan, Lucy, additional, Ferreira, Vanessa, additional, Green, Mark, additional, Rhead, Rebecca, additional, Kibble, Milla, additional, Wei, Yinghui, additional, Lemanska, Agnieszka, additional, Perez-Reche, Francisco, additional, Teece, Lucy, additional, Parker, Edward, additional, Walker, Alex J., additional, Inglesby, Peter, additional, Curtis, Helen J., additional, Morton, Caroline E., additional, Morley, Jessica, additional, Bacon, Sebastian C.J., additional, Hickman, George, additional, Croker, Richard, additional, Evans, David, additional, Ward, Tom, additional, DeVito, Nicholas J., additional, Green, Amelia C.A., additional, Massey, Jon, additional, Smith, Rebecca M., additional, Hulme, William J., additional, Davy, Simon, additional, Andrews, Colm D., additional, Hopcroft, Lisa E.M., additional, Drysdale, Henry, additional, Dillingham, Iain, additional, Park, Robin Y., additional, Higgins, Rose, additional, Cunningham, Christine, additional, Wiedemann, Milan, additional, Maude, Steven, additional, Macdonald, Orla, additional, Butler-Cole, Ben F.C., additional, O'Dwyer, Thomas, additional, Stables, Catherine L., additional, Wood, Christopher, additional, Brown, Andrew D., additional, Speed, Victoria, additional, Bridges, Lucy, additional, Schaffer, Andrea L., additional, Walters, Caroline E., additional, Rentsch, Christopher T., additional, Bhaskaran, Krishnan, additional, Schultze, Anna, additional, Williamson, Elizabeth J., additional, McDonald, Helen I., additional, Tomlinson, Laurie A., additional, Wing, Kevin, additional, Grieve, Richard, additional, Grint, Daniel J., additional, Douglas, Ian J., additional, Evans, Stephen J.W., additional, Walker, Jemma L., additional, Cowling, Thomas E., additional, Herrett, Emily L., additional, Bates, Christopher, additional, Cockburn, Jonathan, additional, Parry, John, additional, Hester, Frank, additional, Harper, Sam, additional, O'Hanlon, Shaun, additional, Eavis, Alex, additional, Jarvis, Richard, additional, Avramov, Dima, additional, Griffiths, Paul, additional, Fowles, Aaron, additional, Parkes, Nasreen, additional, Nicholson, Brian, additional, Perera, Rafael, additional, Harrison, David, additional, Khunti, Kamlesh, additional, Sterne, Jonathan AC., additional, and Quint, Jennifer, additional

Published
2023
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30. Relationships between the race implicit association test and other measures of implicit and explicit social cognition

Author

Pennington, Charlotte R., Ploszajski, Matthew, Mistry, Parmesh, NgOmbe, Nicola, Back, Charlotte, Parsons, Sam, Shaw, Daniel J., Pennington, Charlotte R., Ploszajski, Matthew, Mistry, Parmesh, NgOmbe, Nicola, Back, Charlotte, Parsons, Sam, and Shaw, Daniel J.

Abstract

Background: The race-based Implicit Association Test (IAT) was proposed to measure individual differences in implicit racial bias subsumed within social cognition. In recent years, researchers have debated the theoretical tenets underpinning the IAT, questioning whether performance on this task: (1) measures implicit attitudes that operate automatically outside of conscious awareness; (2) reflects individual differences in social cognition; and (3) can predict social behavior. One way to better address these research questions is to assess whether the race-IAT correlates with other implicit processes that are subsumed within social cognition. Aims: The current study assessed whether the race-IAT was related to other commonly used individual difference measures of implicit (and explicit) social cognition. Experiment 1 assessed whether dissociable patterns of performance on the race-IAT were related to measures of implicit imitative tendencies, emotion recognition and perspective taking toward White task actors, as well as explicit measures of trait and state affective empathy and racial bias. Overcoming limitations of task conceptual correspondence, Experiment 2 assessed whether these latter tasks were sensitive in detecting racial biases by using both White and Black task actors and again examined their relationships with the race-IAT. Method: In two lab-based experiments, 226 and 237 participants completed the race-IAT followed by an extensive battery of social cognition measures. Results: Across both experiments, pro-White/anti-Black bias on the race-IAT was positively related to a pro-White bias on explicit measures of positive affective empathy. However, relationships between the race-IAT and implicit imitative tendencies, perspective taking, emotion recognition, and explicit trait and negative state affective empathy were statistically equivalent. Conclusion: The race-IAT was consistently related to explicit measures of positive state affective empathy but not

Published
2023

31. Teenage conduct problems: a lifetime of disadvantage in the labour market?

Author

Parsons, Sam, Bryson, Alex, and Sullivan, Alice

Subjects
LABOR market, QUANTILE regression, OLDER men, YOUNG women
Abstract

Using data from British cohorts born in 1958 and 1970, we used quantile regression to investigate the impact of 'mild' and 'severe' teenage conduct problems on months spent in paid employment or paid employment, education, and training (EET) between ages 17 and 42. Those with conduct problems spent significantly less time in employment or EET by age 42. The penalty grows in one's 20s and tends to persist thereafter. Among men, the participation gap was greatest among those with 'severe' teenage conduct problems and among those in the lower half of the participation distribution. There was no participation penalty arising from teenage conduct problems among the older generation of men in the top quartile of the participation distribution. Among women, conduct problems were associated with less time in employment and EET across the whole distribution of the participation distribution, and these penalties were greatest for women in the younger 1970 cohort. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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32. Assessing the Impact of Melanin Content on the Reliability of the Idylla™ BRAF Mutation Test.

Author

Parsons, Sam D., Murphy, Kate, and Finall, Alison

Subjects
*MELANINS, *GENETIC mutation, *DNA sequencing, *DECISION making, *MELANOMA diagnosis
Abstract

Aims: This study aims to investigate the potential influence of melanin content on the performance of the Idylla™ BRAF Mutation Test. Specifically, we assess whether melanin levels in samples impact the test's reliability, thereby validating its clinical utility in accelerating melanoma diagnosis and potentially improving patient prognosis. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 98 confirmed melanoma samples collected between February 2020 and November 2020. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) slides were evaluated by two independent observers using light microscopy to categorise samples into three groups based on melanin content (no, low, or high) following a standardised system. The samples underwent the Idylla™ BRAF Mutation Test and were compared with results obtained from next-generation sequencing (NGS). Results: Quantification cycle (Cq) values were utilised to assess for interference from melanin levels on the Idylla™ BRAF Mutation Test results. Statistical analyses revealed no significant differences in Cq values based on melanin content categories. Furthermore, analysis of polymerase chain reaction PCR curves did not indicate any notable influence of melanin. Discordant results with NGS are discussed. Conclusions: The study demonstrates that melanin content in samples does not significantly affect the performance of the Idylla™ BRAF Mutation Test. These results provide robust evidence supporting the confident application of the test in clinical settings, even for samples with high melanin content. The ability to obtain rapid on-site results holds promising potential in guiding timely and appropriate treatment decisions, thereby contributing to improved patient prognosis. What is already known on this topic—Prior research conducted by Petty et al. (2020) including 23 melanoma samples suggested that melanin does not significantly interfere with the Idylla™ BRAF Mutation Test by stating they were concordant with reference laboratory testing. What this study adds—This current study builds upon prior research with a larger sample size of 98. In addition to examining concordance between the Idylla™ BRAF Mutation Test and next generation sequencing, this study examines PCR curves and effect on Cq values, providing more robust evidence that melanin content in FFPE samples does not have a significant impact on the accuracy of the Idylla™ BRAF Mutation Test. How this study might affect research, practice or policy—The additional evidence base provided by this study is valuable for researchers, clinicians, and policymakers, as it supports the integration of the Idylla™ BRAF Mutation Test as a rapid and accurate method for detecting these mutations in melanoma patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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33. Thermal Mass and Thermoregulation: A Study of Thermal Comfort in Temperate Climate Residential Buildings

Author

Parsons, Sam

Subjects
Other environmental sciences not elsewhere classified
Abstract

The thermoregulatory influence of building materials to improve the thermal comfort of buildings has been examined primarily using climate modelling based on the work of Fanger (1972). This modelling has limitations because it does not accept that building occupants are active participants in controlling their thermal environment. This thesis addresses this knowledge gap by examining how thermal comfort in the temperate climate of Hobart, Tasmania, Australia is influenced by thermal mass in buildings. This research assessed: how the temperate climate of Hobart impacts the thermal environment of a building; how past research in passive design for energy efficiency has been adopted, and; what methods of modelling and studying thermal comfort are appropriate. The nine case studies examined a range of building and occupant types. An analysis was undertaken for each building including zoning and layout, building materials and insulation. Occupants were interviewed at the commencement of each case study which included examining acclimatisation to the local climate and thermal satisfaction with the dwelling. Seasonal temperature data were recorded in the central living space of buildings over a three month period. The research gathered dry bulb temperatures, surface temperatures, and humidity data in each building. Direct observations were made on the activities of the occupants within their thermal environment and they were surveyed regarding thermal comfort levels. Results indicate that thermal mass impacts thermal comfort levels of occupants. However, this impact can be negative or positive depending on other external factors such as the placement of thermal mass within the building, exposure of thermal mass to insolation and insulating materials around the thermal mass. In dwellings with poor thermal performance occupants can increase thermal comfort levels by more closely adapting to the thermal environment. Such techniques for adaptation include: the adjustment of clothing; the use of controls such as windows and blinds; relocation within the building; changes in posture and levels of physical activity; and acclimatisation to the local climate. The results of this research are widely applicable to Hobart‚ÄövÑvºs housing stock and could be implemented into the passive design of new buildings and retrofitting of existing buildings to improve thermal efficiency. This research shows the importance of thermal mass in passive design concepts of residential buildings. It provides details on how thermal mass should be ideally implemented in a building, including placement, orientation, and access to solar gain.

Published
2023
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42. Inequalities in healthcare disruptions during the COVID-19 pandemic: evidence from 12 UK population-based longitudinal studies

Author

Maddock, Jane, primary, Parsons, Sam, additional, Di Gessa, Giorgio, additional, Green, Michael J, additional, Thompson, Ellen J, additional, Stevenson, Anna J, additional, Kwong, Alex SF, additional, McElroy, Eoin, additional, Santorelli, Gillian, additional, Silverwood, Richard J, additional, Captur, Gabriella, additional, Chaturvedi, Nishi, additional, Steves, Claire J, additional, Steptoe, Andrew, additional, Patalay, Praveetha, additional, Ploubidis, George B, additional, and Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal, additional

Published
2022
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44. Emotional information-processing correlates of mental health in adolescence: A network analysis approach

Author

Parsons, Sam, Booth, Charlotte, Songco, Annabel, and Fox, Elaine

Subjects
PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Cognitive Psychology|Biases, Framing, and Heuristics, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Developmental Psychology, ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION, Cognitive Psychology, Social and Behavioral Sciences, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Clinical Psychology, GeneralLiterature_MISCELLANEOUS, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Psychology|Cognitive Psychology, Other Psychology, FOS: Psychology, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences, Clinical Psychology, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Psychology|Clinical Psychology, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Clinical Psychology|Clinical Child Psychology, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Developmental Psychology|Emotional Development, Developmental Psychology, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Cognitive Psychology, Psychology, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Psychology|Child Psychology, Child Psychology, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Psychology|Developmental Psychology, GeneralLiterature_REFERENCE(e.g.,dictionaries,encyclopedias,glossaries), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

The Combined Cognitive Bias Hypothesis proposes that emotional information processing biases associate with each other and may interact to conjointly influence mental health. Yet, little is known about the interrelationships amongst cognitive biases, particularly in adolescence. We used data from the CogBIAS longitudinal study (Booth et al. 2017), including 451 adolescents who completed measures of interpretation bias, memory bias, and a validated measure of general mental health in a typical population. We used a moderated network modelling approach to examine positive mental health related moderation of the cognitive bias network. Mental health was directly connected to positive and negative memory biases, and positive interpretation biases, but not negative interpretation biases. Further, we observed some mental health related moderation of the network structure. Network connectivity decreased with higher positive mental health scores. Network approaches allow us to model complex relationships amongst cognitive biases and develop novel hypotheses for future research.

Published
2022
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46. Affective Flexibility and Wellbeing

Author

Cross, Rachel, Parsons, Sam, and Fox, Elaine

Subjects
Emotion, Affect, Optimism, Trait Optimism, PANAS, Psychological Wellbeing, Affective Flexibility, Cognitive Flexibility, Positive Affect, Mental Flexibility
Abstract

Cognitive flexibility is the ability to switch thoughts between different concepts depending on the changing demands of the situation. Research has linked cognitive flexibility in the context of emotional and affective information (e.g. Malooly, Genet and Siemer, 2013), with this form of flexibility being seen as fundamental to wellbeing, and an inflexible response style as characteristic of many forms of psychopathology (review by Kashdan and Rotterberg, 2010). It is also known that experiencing more positive emotions can facilitate psychological wellbeing and resilience, and that positive emotions promote states of mind and behaviour that bolster resilience for future stressful periods (The Broaden-and-Build Theory, Fredrickson, 1998; 2001; 2004). Similarly, Carver and Sheier’s (1981) Self-Regulatory Model links measures of dispositional optimism with the ability to self-regulate behaviour to achieve a desired outcome. Therefore, trait optimism (positive thinking), trait affect (positive emotions) and affective flexibility can reliably be seen as independent predictors of psychological wellbeing by way of enhancing mental resilience and our cognitive and behavioural repertoires. However, little is known about the interaction between these variables in predicting wellbeing. This study aims to investigate whether cognitive flexibility, specifically affective flexibility, mediates the relationship each between positive affect and dispositional optimism with psychological wellbeing based on the current literature.

Published
2022
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47. FORRT - A Framework for Open and Reproducible Research Training

Author

Azevedo, Flavio, Parsons, Sam, and FORRT

Subjects
transparency, Lesson Plans, open research, Open Scholarship, research methods, Pedagogy, open science, ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDEDUCATION, syllabus, reproducibility, FORRT
Abstract

In a nutshell, FORRT (https://forrt.org/) is a Framework for Open and Reproducible Research Training. It aims to provide a pedagogical infrastructure designed to recognize and support the teaching and mentoring of open and reproducible science tenets in tandem with prototypical subject matters in higher education. FORRT strives to be an effective, evolving, and community-driven organization raising awareness of the pedagogical implications of open and reproducible science and its associated challenges (i.e., curricular reform, epistemological uncertainty, methods of education). FORRT also advocates for the opening of teaching and mentoring materials as a means to facilitate access, discovery, and learning to those who otherwise would be educationally disenfranchised. FORRT is a community that has prepared more than 10 educational resources you can use to integrate open & reproducible principles into your teaching.

Published
2022
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48. Oxford ARC study

Author

Parsons, Sam, Fox, Elaine, Songco, Annabel, Todorovic, Ana, and Lim, Michele

Abstract

Oxford Achieving Resilience during COVID-19 (ARC) study

Published
2022
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49. Affective and General Task Switching in Relation to Anxiety

Author

Chapple, Lucy, Taylor, Alan, Todorovic, Ana, and Parsons, Sam

Subjects
FOS: Psychology, Psychology, Social and Behavioral Sciences
Abstract

We will attempt to replicate a study conducted by Gustavson and colleagues (2017), which investigated the relationships between set shifting and trait anxiety, worry and depression. Gustavson and colleagues found that higher levels of trait anxiety were associated with greater asymmetry in reaction time switch costs. RT costs for switching from a more attentionally demanding task to a less demanding task were significantly greater with higher levels of trait anxiety, whereas the RT costs for switching in the opposite direction were not significantly associated with trait anxiety levels. Our next study will focus on extending these findings to task switching in the context of emotion. We will use two types of schematic face stimuli: angry and neutral. The aim of the study is to investigate how the use of emotional stimuli influences switch costs, and how these switch costs relate to trait anxiety. The study will involve two sessions of computerised task-switching tasks. The first session will be the replication of the Gustavson et al. task, and the second will involve neutral faces. Participants will be asked to complete four mood-related questionnaires: the Beck Depression Inventory, the Beck Anxiety Inventory, the Penn State Worry Questionnaire and the Mental Flexibility questionnaire. The purpose of the study is to investigate the relationships between cognitive flexibility and anxiety.

Published
2022
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50. King's Open Research Conference

Author

Westwood, Samuel, Criaud, Marion, Scheel, Anne, Ritchie, Stuart, Munafo, Marcus, Orben, Amy, Parsons, Sam, Bishop, Dorothy, Button, Katherine, Fortunato, Laura, Lautarescu, Alexandra, and Crüwell, Sophia

Published
2022
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