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This manuscript investigates the effect of inner gate engineering (IGE) on the linearity and harmonic distortion performance of junctionless (JL) silicon-nanotube (Si-NT) FETs for wireless applications. The three configurations of JL-Si-NT-FET namely DS-JL-Si-NT-FET (inner gate covers drain & source regions both in addition to channel region), D--JL-Si-NT-FET (inner gate covers only drain region and channel region), and S--JL-Si-NT-FET (inner gate covers only source region and channel region) are compared to find the best configuration for wireless applications. The simulation results divulge that S--JL-Si-NT-FET configurations shows the improved linearity and harmonic distortion performance in terms of the performance metrics HD2, HD3, VIP3, IIP3, 1-db compression point, and higher order coefficients of transconductance (gm2 & gm3). Consequently, the S-JL-Si-NT-FET is the best configuration to be used for RFIC design and wireless applications.

Classification and Detection of vessels from cluttered images is an actively researched field of computer vision. The complexity of the coastal area makes it more complex in distinguishing different vessels. Environment conditions and visual aspect of the vessels make classification problem more difficult. The visual aspect ratio is very small and similar to most type of vessels. Since the traditional CNNs methods are slow and not much accurate, we present the robust method for the classification of ships derived from Support Vector Machine, bag of features and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). First of all Support Vector Machine which is a supervised transfer leaning technique is introduced to remove the false candidates. As the ships have wide range of variability, bag of features are applied to handle the diversified features of different categories of vessels. Finally CNNs framework is applied for the deep feature extraction to successfully classify the ships from database. The proposed algorithm is trained with 16 different categories of ships with a data set of more than 2700 images. The algorithm trains and validates the results in terms of confusion matrix and provides better accuracy to classify the ships. The proposed Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) model outperforms the other previous methods and gives an accuracy of 91.04 percentages.

The severe increase in the number of consumers in wireless technology has caused traffic processing problems, so the mobile data growth needs a super-productive mobile network. In upcoming 5G technology, that provides faster data rates, low latency; better service quality and greater capacity have emerged. Different frequencies are used to transmit and receive data via radio waves. Between conventional and millimeter wave communications, it is considered that there are essential differences in directivity, sensitivity to blocking and high propagation loss. On some issues, millimeter wave brings various challenges in communication, such as ant blocking, interference management, space reuse etc. The main focus of this paper is to present 5G’s characteristics wave communication and discussing the use of available bandwidth in millimeter wave spectrum carefully and the benefit to next generation mobile users.

This research work intensively studied the impact of thermal effects on the logic performance of dynamic comparators implemented using 16 nm strained silicon/metal gate/high-K CMOS technology and with a power supply (V DD ) of 0.7 V. The double tail latch type and pre-amplifier and latch type dynamic CMOS comparators exhibited a delay of 45.03 pS and 63.09 pS respectively. Moreover, the double tail latch type and pre-amplifier and latch type comparators consumed a power of 69.16 µW and 58.76 µW respectively. In order to investigate the thermal effects in dynamic CMOS comparators the operating temperature is varied from 30°C to 110°C and the pre-amplifier and regenerative latch type dynamic comparator is found to be exhibiting minimal noise compared with traditional double tail comparators. These two dynamic comparators implemented using 16 nm CMOS technology with a V DD of 0.7 V are considered to be promising circuits for future ultra low power and high speed ADCs.

The flying ad hoc network (FANET) is a distributed type of network in which nodes have the ability to join or leave the network at any time as and when needed. FANET is the kind of ad-hoc network just like the Mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) and the Vehicular ad-hoc network (VANET). In our previous work a monitor mode technique is proposed for the detection of malicious nodes in Flying ad-hoc network (FANET). In this research work, a secure architecture for FANET and VANET is designed for the detection and isolation of malicious nodes in the network. The ad- hoc network is unstable when malicious nodes are present in the network which create fake identities, so that security of the network is to be reduced. A multiple copies of fake identities create by Sybil attack which is harmful for the network. In this research work, the performance of the proposed technique for the detection and isolation of malicious node of FANET is compared with VANET. It is analyzed that FANET performs well in terms of all parameters like throughput, packet loss and routing overhead as compare to VANET.

A distributed sort of network in which sensor nodes can join or leave the network when they want is identified as wireless sensor network. Due to self-arranging of the network, attacker nodes make their entry inside networks and launch different types of active and passive intrusions. The active attacks can be divided into various sub categories and one of them is misdirection attack. This attack increases delay in the network. The available attacker hub will trigger attack. In order to recognize and disengage malicious nodes a novel strategy is proposed in this work. The malicious nodes are recognized from the networks which are in charge of triggering the node. The attacker or malevolent node launches sinkhole intrusion. This intrusion streams fake recognition information within the network. This study proposes a verification approach for detecting attacker nodes present in the network. The performance of introduced approach is tested in NS2. It is scrutinized that performance is improved as per various parameters.

Analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) at elevated efficiency are vital components for elevated quality image sensors growth. In order to achieve the necessary resolution at a specific velocity, these systems need a large amount of ADCs. In addition, energy dissipation has now become a main output for analog models, especially for mobile equipment. Such a circuit design is a difficult job, requiring a mixture of sophisticated digital circuit design, analog expertise and iterative design. The sharing of amplifiers was frequently employed for reducing dissipation of energy in ADC pipelines. In this paper we present the topology of a 16-bit ADC pipeline, developed in 45 nm CMOS. Its efficiency is likened to a standard Scaling configuration for amplifier and a completely shared amplifier.

Today microstrip patch antenna is gaining popularity in many applications due to its conformal and planar structure. Further, due to its ease of fabrication, miniaturized design, and its flexible feeding technique, it is extensively used in many applications like cellular communication, radar, satellite communication, airplanes, missile, etc. However, gain achieved using single patch antenna is not sufficient to be used in abovementioned applications. Desired gain can be achieved by using array of antenna. But impedance matching between sources and patch antenna elements is major requirement for using array of antennas for enhancing the gain. In this study, impedance matching between patch element and source is proposed by using microstrip lines. The structure of proposed antenna is analyzed using high-frequency structure simulator (HFSS). The achieved overall gain of this antenna is 9 dB which is significant for using it in Wi-Fi applications.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is an ongoing neurodevelopmental disorder, with repeated behavior called stereotypical movement autism (SMM). Some recent experiments with accelerometer features as feedback to computer classifiers demonstrate positive findings in persons with autistic motor disorders for the automobile detection of stereotypical motor motions (SMM). To date, several methods for detecting and recognizing SMMs have been introduced. In this context, the authors suggest an approach of deep learning for recognition of SMM, namely deep convolution neural networks (DCNN). They also implemented a robust DCNN model for the identification of SMM in order to solve stereotypical motor movements (SMM), which thus outperform state-of-the-art SMM classification work.

This article describes how swarm intelligence (SI) and bio-inspired techniques shape in-vogue topics in the advancements of the latest algorithms. These algorithms can work on the basis of SI, using physical, chemical and biological frameworks. The authors can name these algorithms as SI-based, inspired by biology, physics and chemistry as per the basic concept behind the particular algorithm. A couple of calculations have ended up being exceptionally effective and consequently have turned out to be the mainstream devices for taking care of real-world issues. In this article, the reason for this survey is to show a moderately complete list of the considerable number of algorithms in order to boost research in these algorithms. This article discusses Ant Colony Optimization (ACO), the Cuckoo Search, the Firefly Algorithm, Particle Swarm Optimization and Genetic Algorithms in detail. For ACO a real-time problem, known as Travelling Salesman Problem, is considered while for other algorithms a min-sphere problem is considered, which is well known for comparison of swarm techniques.

Flexible electronics have become fast-growing fields after the discovery of various nanomaterials especially in the area of flexible strain sensors. High flexibility, stretchability, sensitivity, and compatibility are some essential requirements of flexible strain sensors. Currently developed nanomaterials have shown excellent performances as functional materials in sensing devices. These materials are preferred over conventional materials due to their stable mechanical and electronic behavior in diverse applications. This article presents current research progress in flexible and stretchable strain sensors. The performance of six nanomaterials i.e. Graphene, Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs), MXene, Metal Nanowires, Conducting Polymers, and Liquid Metals, used as a flexible conductive element in various strain sensors is evaluated. The compatibility of presently used fabrication techniques with these nanomaterials is highlighted. The importance of design and structures in the performance of strain sensors is also briefly discussed. In the last, challenges which limit the use of these nanomaterials in flexible electronics are also discussed.

Drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS syndrome) is a severe, potentially life-threatening drug-induced hypersensitivity reaction characterized by cutaneous eruptions, fever, diffuse lymphadenopathy, along with eosinophilia and elevated liver enzymes. The severity and potential organ damage associated with DRESS mandates withdrawing the offending drug and provide a suitable replacement. We report a 55-year-old man who developed prolonged fever, generalized maculopapular rash and facial edema after 3 weeks of starting imatinib for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). A diagnosis of DRESS was confirmed by eosinophilia and skin biopsy findings, along with a consistent RegiSCAR score. Imatinib was stopped and he was initiated on low-dose steroids, which led to complete resolution of rash and eosinophilia. A rechallenge with imatinib was positive, and he was switched to dasatinib for further therapy, following which he attained an optimal molecular response. DRESS following imatinib has only been reported in eight patients so far. In this report we summarize the current evidence for managing DRESS and its impact on the treatment of CML.

In the modern wireless communication systems, antennas of multiple bands, smaller size and wider bandwidth are high in demands to meet the requirement of multiple applications. This has initiated the research in new antenna fields; fractal antenna theory is one among them. Its unique properties such as selfsimilarity and space filling lead to multiband and size reduction characteristics. Due to smaller size and multiband characteristics fractal antenna has drawn the attention of researchers. Fractal antennas have more electrical length, improved SWR and impedance in a reduced physical area. The aim of this work is to design an antenna of square shape with swastika slot for multiband characteristics and efficient gain. The proposed fractal antenna has the dimensions of 22mm x 22mm. The antenna is fabricated on FR4epoxy substrate with dielectric constant (r) =4.4 and thickness 1.5676mm, which is easily available in market and cheap, thus making antenna cost effective. The structure has been designed using four swastika shapes in between two square rings on two sides. In this antenna only single iteration with the scaling factor 0.5 has been done to see the effect of iteration on the geometry. The designing and simulation of the antenna has been done using Ansoft HFSS software. The designed antenna resonates at seven different frequencies 4.9GHz, 5.8GHz, 8GHz, 13.8GHz, 22.3GHz, 26GHz and 27.6GHz. The Gains at these frequencies are 5.8099dBi, 1.6628dBi, -2.0782dBi, 3.6563dBi, 4.7219dBi, 5.2740dBi and 7.0985dBi respectively. This antenna can be used in different C and Ku band applications such as satellite and long distance telecommunication.

Corner detection is a significant task in different machine vision and image processing systems because corners play an important role in describing object unique features for recognition and identification. Corner detection comes within reach of computer visualization systems to extract certain kinds of characteristics and understand the contents of an image. In this work modify the Harris technique in order to enhance the performance of corner detection. To include the effect of Morphology technique on the modified Harris corner technique. Observe the simulation results of proposed detection technique & compare results with traditional method. MATLAB R2013a has been used as an implementation platform using generalized MATLAB toolbox and image processing tool box.

Wireless networks consists of several nodes which require individual battery or power supply for the purpose of operation. These active nodes lose their respective energy during their respective operations such as to provide communication between various nodes. So, in modern communication system, recharge and replacement of such nodes or their batteries is a challenging task due to their deployment in the remote places. Thus, to get efficient routing criteria and to increase the efficiency of WSN is a major challenging task for researchers, therefore a large number of researches have worked on the concept to increase the lifespan and efficiency of WSNs with different routing protocols. However, there are still a number of issues that require further analysis and investigation. For the purpose of sending and sensing of data, LEACH protocol is one of the widely used protocols and algorithm. The proposed algorithm or technique use cluster forming technique which is based on formation of several clusters during different events, cluster head selection, aggregation of the efficient and sensed data within desired cluster and sending that particular data to base station in a manner to maintain both energy and efficiency of system. In this paper, we analyzed the complexity of entire networks in the terms of various packet send to BS, number of dead nodes created during the operation and sum of energy of several nodes of entire network. Several experimental results are carried out to show the complexity of packets, detection of dead nodes and energy of network with different number of nodes.

Biometric Systems are the personal identification systems that use behavioral and physiological characteristics of a person. One of the main concerns in biometrics systems is template security. Fuzzy vault, a bio-cryptosystem, is used to provide security to the stored templates. Fuzzy vault has proven to be a very good security technique, nonetheless it lacks in providing revocability and security against correlation attacks. Thus for the enhancement of the security of fuzzy vault and to overcome the limitation of correlation attack, techniques like hybrid model and multimodal biometrics can be used. This paper gives a review of the above mentioned techniques, viz. hybrid and multimodal, and how they can be effective in enhancing the security of the system.

Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) technique enables transferring of multiple optical signals in a single optical fiber. This technique provides large capacity to optical fiber communication. WDM poses threat to newly designed network and its management because wavelength conversion is not possible in nodes of network. This paper presents a comparative analysis of various algorithms like first fit, random fit, least and most used algorithms of optical mesh networks for 8, 12 and 16 nodes using Heterogeneous Grooming Optical Network Simulator (hegons) software. The blocking probability of these algorithms with the variation in number of events and fixed wavelength has been analyzed. Hegons simulator evaluates the performance in terms of blocking probability. Simulation results show that eliminating the need of wavelength convertors random used algorithm performed better in 8 nodes mesh network and most used algorithm performed better in 12 nodes mesh network and for 16 nodes least used algorithm performs better than the others algorithms.

Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) is an air interface standard specially designed for third generation (3G) mobile networks to provide low data rate voice services to high data rate multimedia services. But different types of multipath fading, multi-access and co-channel interferences put a limit on overall system performance. The mechanism of power control provides a best alternative to enhance the system performance. In this paper, the behavior of WCDMA system is analyzed by using Gaussian Approximation (GA) technique in which interference and channel noise in the system are generated by the approximations of mean and variance of interferer power. The various power control scenarios have been used to analyze the performance of Gaussian approximated WCDMA system. System performance with the severer effect of Rayleigh fading has also been analyzed for perfect power control based conventional and rake receivers. Simulation results are obtained for Signal to Interference Noise ratio (SIR) verses number of users and Bit Error Rate (BER) verses number of users at different power control scenarios with different system processing gain and different number of interfering cells. Results show that WCDMA system performance improves with perfect power control mechanism, at high processing gain with less number of interfering cells. It is also shown that rake receiver has much better performance than conventional receiver at different processing gain, different number of interfering cells.

Third-generation based wideband code division multiple access WCDMA systems have been designed for providing multimedia services. But multipath fading and multi-access interference puts a limit on overall system performance. We thus need to analyse the modelling and behaviour of WCDMA system to evaluate system performance. Here, the behaviour of WCDMA system is analysed by Gaussian approximation in which interference and channel noise are generated by the approximations of mean and variance of interferer power. Different kind of fading distributions like Weibull, Rayleigh, Rician and Nakagami is applied to Gaussian approximated WCDMA system to generate faded signal. Simulated results are obtained with BER vs. Eb/no for with and without fading, different average fading power, different number of users and different processing gain. Results show that inclusion of fading, increase in fading power and number of user increases the BER. It only decreases as we increase the system processing gain.