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Mammary analogue secretory carcinoma (MASC) is a newly described rare salivary gland tumor, which shares morphologic features with acinic cell carcinoma, low-grade cystadenocarcinoma, and secretory carcinoma of the breast. This is the first reported case of MASC of an accessory parotid gland detected by aspiration biopsy with radiologic and histologic correlation in a 34-year-old patient. Sonographically-guided aspiration biopsy showed cytologic features mimicking those of low-grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma, including sheets of bland epithelial cells, dissociated histiocytoid cells with intracytoplasmic mucinous material, and spindle cells lying in a web-like matrix. Histologic sections showed a circumscribed tumor with microcystic spaces lined by bland uniform epithelial cells and containing secretory material. The tumor cells expressed mammaglobin and BRST-2. The cytologic features, differential diagnosis, and pitfalls are discussed. The pathologic stage was pT1N0. The patient showed no evidence of disease at 1 year follow-up.

CDX-2 is a homeobox gene, which encodes a transcription factor that plays a vital role in the development and differentiation of intestinal epithelial cells. Recent studies showed that CDX-2 protein expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC) has a high predictive value for confirming the diagnosis of colorectal adenocarcinoma (ACA). The differentiation of primary pulmonary ACA from metastatic colorectal ACA can be extremely challenging on fine-needle aspiration (FNA). The results of immunostains for TTF-1, CK 7, and CK 20 may be controversial in the differential diagnosis. In this study, we evaluated the clinical utility of CDX-2 in lung FNA specimens. Cell blocks from 41 primary lung and 20 colorectal ACAs metastatic to the lungs were retrieved. Cell block sections were immunostained with a CDX-2 monoclonal antibody. Sensitivity and specificity of CDX-2 for colorectal ACA was 75 and 100%, respectively. All five cases negative for CDX-2 were moderately to poorly differentiated colorectal ACAs. Our study confirms that CDX-2 is a highly useful immunohistochemical marker for the differentiation of primary pulmonary ACA from colorectal ACA metastatic to the lungs in FNA specimens. Of diagnostic importance is the loss of CDX-2 immunoreactivity in poorly differentiated colorectal ACAs.

Intravascular synovial sarcoma (IVSS) is an extremely rare tumor with only four well-documented cases in the English literature. All tumors were located in large veins of the lower extremities or trunk in young women except for one case occurring in a 54-yr-old woman. We report here an additional case of IVSS arising from the superior vena cava in a 32-yr-old woman who presented with a cervical mass and superior vena cava syndrome. A fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) was performed and showed a malignant biphasic tumor with spindle cell and epithelioid components. The tumor cells were negative for CD31, CD34, factor VIII, desmin, smooth muscle actin, and S-100 protein, and had positive staining for vimentin and cytokeratin (AE1/AE3) predominantly in the spindle and epithelial components, respectively. A diagnosis of synovial sarcoma was made and confirmed in a subsequent transvascular biopsy demonstrating chromosomal translocation t(X, 18) by fluorescence in situ hybridization using a dual color, breakapart-style probe for SYT. Although clinically similar to previously reported IVSS, this is the first case arising in large veins of the upper portion of the trunk and diagnosed by FNAB. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2006; 34:834–838. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Philology is the servant of classical antiquity. And translation serves it by transposing it into another language. First translated into Latin (when originally written in Greek), later translated from Greek or Latin into the vernaculars, the works of the classical authors have reached modernity through the complex filter of philological interpretation and literary apprehension. P. Hummel analyzes the ways in which objectivity and subjectivity interact in the restitution of what is supposed to be the original and genuine meaning of the texts translated.

BACKGROUND Spindle cell and mesenchymal lesions of the lung encompass a wide variety of benign and malignant conditions. However, to the authors' knowledge, because of their rarity, few reports concerning their cytologic findings are available in the literature. The current review emphasizes the cytomorphologic features, differential diagnosis, and potential pitfalls associated with these lesions. METHODS Seven hundred seventy-nine percutaneous lung fine-needle aspiration (FNA) specimens were retrieved from the authors' cytopathology files over a period of 5 years. Sixty-one cases (7.8%) in which a spindle cell component was the dominant or key feature were identified. The authors reviewed the cytologic smears, immunocytochemical studies, and corresponding surgical material and clinical information. RESULTS Of these 61 aspirates, 33 (54%) were reactive processes (31 granulomas, 1 organizing pneumonia, and 1 inflammatory pseudotumor). Five cases (0.8%) were benign neoplasms (2 hamartomas, 2 solitary fibrous tumors, and 1 schwannoma). Twenty-three cases (38%) were malignant neoplasms (8 cases were primary tumors [including 5 carcinomas with spindle cell or sarcomatoid features, 1 spindle cell carcinoid tumor, 1 leiomyosarcoma, and 1 synovial sarcoma] and 15 cases were secondary tumors [including 9 melanomas, 2 leiomyosarcomas, 1 malignant fibrous histiocytoma, 1 meningioma, 1 sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma, and 1 uterine malignant mixed mullerian tumor]). A specific diagnosis was rendered in 52 cases (85%). No false-positive cases were encountered but there was one false-negative case. One patient who was diagnosed with granulomatous inflammation on FNA was found to have nonsmall cell lung carcinoma on subsequent transbronchial biopsy. No malignant cells were identified in the smears on review. The FNA from the organizing pneumonia was interpreted as a solitary fibrous tumor whereas the inflammatory pseudotumor was diagnosed as granulomatous inflammation. The FNA from one pulmonary hamartoma initially was considered to be nondiagnostic. One solitary fibrous tumor and the schwannoma were diagnosed as smooth muscle tumor and spindle cell tumor, not otherwise specified, respectively. Among the malignant tumors, the primary synovial sarcoma and one of the metastatic malignant melanomas initially were interpreted as primitive neuroectodermal tumor/Ewing sarcoma and poorly differentiated carcinoma, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Spindle cell lesions of the lung rarely are encountered on transthoracic lung FNA and are comprised of a wide variety of benign and malignant entities. By correlating clinical and radiologic data, cytologic findings, and ancillary studies, a high diagnostic accuracy rate can be achieved with FNA. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2001;93:187–198. © 2001 American Cancer Society.

Hummel Pascale. «Traduction photographique» ou «traduction microscopique» : la tradition pindarique vue par J.J. Schwickert (1879) . In: L'antiquité classique, Tome 68, 1999. pp. 135-147.

Following a car accident a 28-year-old female, complained of a sharp pain of the anterior and posterior base of the neck on expiration and with exertion. Subsequently, she noticed a feeling of discomfort in her back when lifting her arm above her head. Imaging studies revealed a tumor mass involving the third intercostal nerve on the right side of T2. The differential diagnosis included neurofibroma and neurilemmoma. This was followed annually and five years later an increase in size warranted a transthoracic, transpleural removal en bloc of this lesion. At surgery, a 3 cm soft tissue tumor engulfed the third intercostal nerve and extended into the third intervertebral foramen where the proximal part of the nerve root was enlarged. The right third intercostal nerve was dissected and removed along with the tumor, after negative nerve stimulation. Histopathological examination showed multiple enlarged coalescent lymphoid follicles with an onion skin appearance of tight concentric layering of small, uniform mature lymphocytes at the periphery, arranged in a targetoid fashion with broad mantle zones and relatively small germinal centers. The germinal centers of variable size included hyalinized blood vessels. Lollipop follicles were seen. The interfollicular stroma showed numerous hyperplastic collagenized capillaries within an inflammatory background. However, the perinodal soft tissue was replaced by numerous inflammatory cells, primarily lymphocytes. The final diagnosis was Castleman's disease, hyaline vascular type. Castleman's disease can mimic various tumors and because Castleman's disease is a rare reactive entity, its diagnosis is generally overlooked by radiologists and clinicians. It is likely that this mass arose from one of the posterior intercostal lymph nodes, situated in the paravertebral region, however the capsule was not readily seen and the sinuses were not apparent. Almost all previous cases of Castleman's disease, hyaline vascular type were described in the anterior mediastinum. Hyaline vascular Castleman's disease usually does not invade and replace neighboring structures. This case is unique because of its location and the local invasion of adjacent structures.

The destiny of the French Protestants who, at the end of the seventeenth century, had fled from France to Prussia where they gathered and formed the so-called French colony has not yet received much attention in the field of the specific historiography of philology. A scholar like P.-J. Bitaube (1732–1808), born in Prussia and a frequent traveler, in his maturity, to Paris, where he finally settled after the French Revolution, provides the interesting testimony of the evolution during the last decades of the eighteenth century of the scholarly relationships between the two countries. By translating Homer into French at a time when the linguistic Germanization of the French refugees had almost been completely achieved, Bitaube aimed at reconquering, so to say, the legitimacy of his historically lost French citizenship and at the same time to give French philology the dignity the German had already earned. Considered by the Germans as a traitor to the country which had welcomed his fathers and despised by the French scholars who mocked his «style refugie» encumbered with solecisms and archaisms, he could nevertheless pride himself on being the first, after Madame Dacier, to translate in prose the entire Homeric epic.

French Pindaric tradition of the eighteenth century has not been so far investigated thoroughly and appreciated at its true worth and importance. The reason for this hermeneutic lack must be found in the scornful disregard brought against a concern which looks unimpressive in comparison with the contemporary German philological field. In fact, the institutional weakness of Greek studies after the French humanistic golden age of the Renaissance and the so-called Quarrel between the Ancients and the Moderns contributed to marginalizing the reading and translating of Greek works. Moreover, in the difficult case of Pindaric poetry, misunderstanding and misjudgment went together, in so far as its obscurity, related to the poet's «enthusiastic» inspiration and sublimity, was considered as, so to say, mystically unattainable and untouchable in view of the French aesthetic schemes. In such a context, Massieu's and Sozzi's respective tasks reveal and effort to demystify Pindar's hermetism by testing a copy-translation able to conciliate the recognition of the poetic deviations and the French classical sense of harmony. The present paper is concerned with both these scholars' works and their indirect filiation.

Sclerosing stromal tumor (SST) is a rare benign ovarian neoplasm of stromal origin with less than 100 cases reported in the literature. Unlike the other stromal tumors, thecomas and fibromas, which tend to occur in the fifth and sixth decades, sclerosing stromal tumors predominantly affect females in the second and third decades. Computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and ultrasound findings have been described, but have not been reported previously in the pediatric literature. We present a case of SST of the ovary in a 10-year-old premenarchal female, the youngest patient to our knowledge reported in the literature, and describe the ultrasound and CT findings with pathologic correlation.

Cet article est un compte-rendu du livre : Was ist eine philologische Frage ? Beiträge zur Erkundung einer theoretischen Einstellung, sous la direction de Jürgen Paul Schwindt, Francfort sur le Main : Suhrkamp, coll. « suhrkamp taschenbuch, wissenschaft », 2009, 316 p., EAN 9783518295434.

Cet article est un compte-rendu du livre : Ernest Renan, Histoire de l’étude de la langue grecque dans l’Occident de l’Europe depuis la fin du Ve siècle jusqu’à celle du XIVe, texte introduit et édité par Perrine Simon-Nahum, textes latins et grecs revus et traduits par Jean-Christophe de Nadal, Paris : Les Éditions du Cerf, coll. « Patrimoines ; Histoire des religions », 2009, 790 p., EAN 9782204085953.

Cet article est un compte-rendu du livre : Hélène Parenty, Isaac Casaubon helléniste. Des studia humanitatis à la philologie, Genève : Droz, coll. « Travaux d’Humanisme et Renaissance », 2009, 484 p., EAN 9782600010931.

Cet article est un compte-rendu du livre : Jean-Daniel Gollut, Le Sens du style, Lausanne : Antipodes, 2008, 192 p., EAN 9782889010189.

Cet article est un compte-rendu du livre : Filippo Gilardi, Métamorphose et identité. D’Ovide au transsexualisme, préface de Jean Bessière, [S.l.], ODIN éditions, 2008, 208 p., EAN 9782913167643.

Cet article est un compte-rendu du livre : L’Europe des revues (1880-1920). Estampes, photographies, illustrations, sous la direction d’Évanghélia Stead & Hélène Védrine, Paris, Presses de l’Université Paris-Sorbonne, 2008. 608 p., EAN 9782840505921

Metastatic prostatic carcinoma may, in rare occasions, present as a neuroendocrine tumor. Its recognition is crucial to avert a wrongful exclusion of prostate as a primary site. We report five cases of metastatic prostatic neuroendocrine carcinoma diagnosed by image-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy. The aspirate smears showed loosely cohesive or dyscohesive clusters of tumor cells with scanty (three cases) to moderate amount (two cases) of cytoplasm, speckled or coarse chromatin and inconspicuous nucleoli. Nuclear molding and necrosis were focally present in two cases. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were positive for synaptophysin or/and chromogranin, but negative for prostatic specific antigen and prostatic specific acid phosphatase. Review of prior prostate biopsies/resections revealed adenocarcinoma with focal neuroendocrine differentiation in all cases, with two cases being newly recognized on retrospective review. Confirming neuroendocrine differentiation in the prior biopsy/resection may help to establish a link between metastasis and prostate primary. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2008; 36: 545–549. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Cet article est un compte-rendu du livre : Philologue et historienne de la philologie, auteur d’une quinzaine de livres dont Regards sur les études classiques du XIXe siècle (PENS, 2005), Histoire de l’Histoire de la philologie (Droz, 2000), La Maison et le chemin (P. Lang, 2004), Pascale Hummel a tout récemment et par deux fois associé son nom à celui de Lou Andreas-Salomé : pour la première traduction française de Le Diable et sa grand-mère (1922), paru à l’automne 2005 aux Éditions Rue d’Ulm, et avec L'Heure sans Dieu et autres histoires pour enfants (1922) paru au printemps dernier chez le même éditeur. Murielle Lucie Clément, qui avait rendu compte pour Acta fabula de ces deux ouvrages (http://www.fabula.org/revue/document1249.php & http://www.fabula.org/revue/document1459.php), propose ici le texte d’un entretien avec la traductrice.

Emile Egger (1813-1885), who was a philologist as much as a historian of philology, has left a work of great originality, where the study of languages and of ancient texts interacts closely with the historiography of philological and grammatical knowledge. This paper provides a synthetical analysis of his complete writings., Pascale Hummel, Emile Egger, historiographe des mutations philologiques. À la fois philologue et historien de la philologie, Emile Egger (1813-1885) a laissé une œuvre originale, où l'étude des langues et des textes anciens s'articule étroitement à l'historiographie des savoirs philologiques et grammaticaux. Cet article propose une analyse synthétique de l'ensemble de ses écrits., Hummel Pascale. Emile Egger, historiographe des mutations philologiques. In: L'antiquité classique, Tome 75, 2006. pp. 155-160.

Nodular pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia (PASH) of the breast is rare and often indistinguishable from fibroadenoma, clinically and on aspiration biopsy smears. We report our observations in 10 patients with PASH, evaluated by fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy and core biopsy. We retrospectively reviewed the clinical, radiographic, cytologic, and histologic findings in 10 cases of pure nodular PASH. Ten patients with a presumed clinical and radiologic diagnosis of fibroadenoma underwent aspiration biopsy. The aspiration smears were diagnosed as fibroadenoma (4 cases), cellular fibroadenoma (1 case), schwannoma versus neurofibroma (1 case), fibrocystic change (3 cases; 2 with atypia), and "not specific for a lesion" (1 case). A diagnosis of PASH was not suspected in any case. A discrepant or imprecise cytologic diagnosis and/or the presence of dissociated spindle or epithelial cells, or cellular stromal fragments prompted a surgical excision in 7 of 10 patients (70%). The remaining 3 patients exhibited cytologic features of fibroadenoma and were diagnosed as such; however, surgical excision was recommended. Three patients underwent a subsequent core biopsy, with a diagnosis of PASH being made in 1 patient. FNA biopsy could not discriminate PASH from fibroadenoma in 4 of 10 patients (40%) or suggest a diagnosis of PASH in any case. On retrospective review, the finding of plump, spindle-shaped mesenchymal cells may be a cytologic clue to suggest a diagnosis of PASH.

Papillary clusters in gynecologic pelvic washes frequently cause diagnostic challenges because they can be associated with borderline or malignant ovarian tumors, as well as benign pelvic diseases. The objective of our study was to review all pelvic washes with atypical papillary proliferation (APP) and investigate whether cytomorphology and/or immunohistochemistry on cell block could determine their origin. Thirty-two pelvic washes from 31 patients containing APP were reviewed and correlated with their corresponding gynecologic or pelvic disease. Previously obtained cell blocks with immunohistochemical (IHC) stains were reviewed also. Nine of 32 washes (28%) were overcalled as malignant and were from patients with 5 borderline serous ovarian tumors (BSTO), 1 ovarian follicular cyst, 1 serous cystadenofibroma, and 1 endometrial carcinoma with ovarian seromucinous cystadenoma. BSTO and endometriosis were the most common sources of APP. Cell blocks could not discriminate further the etiology of APP. Immunohistochemistry was performed rarely and not fully contributory. Caution in interpreting papillary groups and cytohistological correlation is recommended to prevent a high false positive rate. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2005;32:76–81. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Hummel Pascale. La philologie invisible, ou quand la science ne dit pas son nom (l'étude du grec au XVIIe siècle). In: Journal des savants, 2004, n°1. pp. 165-190.

Philology constitutes a major part of the history of the tradition, just as the tradition is substantially defined by its philological character. Philology and the tradition—and both together, through the philological tradition—assure the transmission of previously constituted knowledges, at the same time as they interrogate all their details. The structural discrepancy that diachrony introduces constitutes languages that have become ancient (i.e., dead) as objects. This study analyzes how philological reality (by nature epistemologica! and historiographical) takes account of the linguistic reality of the languages in question, and defines the nature of this reality.

BACKGROUND The 2001 Bethesda System recommended qualification of atypical glandular cells (AGC) to indicate the site of origin and separated endocervical adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) from “AGC favor neoplastic” as a specific diagnostic category. To the authors' knowledge, the literature evaluating the reproducibility of Papanicolaou (Pap) smear diagnosis of glandular cell abnormalities with emphasis on the cell of origin is limited. The aim of the current study was to investigate whether a variety of benign to neoplastic glandular lesions can be reliably classified on Pap smear with regard to diagnosis and cell of origin. METHODS Twenty-three conventional Pap smears (CPS) with glandular cellular changes varying from benign to adenocarcinoma (ACA) were reviewed by six observers. They were asked to categorize each smear according to cell of origin (endocervical vs. endometrial) and diagnosis (benign, AGC, or ACA). Kappa statistics were used to evaluate interobserver agreement and correlation of interobserver agreement with experience. RESULTS There was no consensus among observers for both the origin of the cells and the diagnosis. Interobserver agreement for site was poor (kappa < 0.4) especially in the AGC category. Unanimous agreement for site was reached for 7 of 23 smears (30%). Two of five endocervical AIS were classified as endometrial and another two were classified as benign by four observers. Interobserver agreement was poor in all diagnostic categories (kappa < 0.4) and showed slight correlation with level of experience. Unanimous agreement for diagnosis was reached for only 2 smears (9%). Three of 11 (27%) smears demonstrating preneoplastic/neoplastic processes were diagnosed as benign by 3 observers. Three (25%) benign CPS were diagnosed as ACA by 2 observers. Accurate prediction of the final histologic diagnosis by observers varied from 30% to 87% and did not correlate closely with experience. CONCLUSIONS Cytologic diagnosis of glandular lesions by CPS was problematic and suffered from significant interobserver subjectivity. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2003;99;323–30. © 2003 American Cancer Society.

Hepatic stellate-cell lipidosis due to hypervitaminosis A can lead to cirrhosis, which can be averted by restricting vitamin A intake. Other causes, including the use of synthetic retinoids, have been postulated. We studied the frequency and etiology of stellate-cell lipidosis in patients undergoing liver biopsy for reasons other than vitamin A abuse. Fourteen cases (1.1%) were identified retrospectively among 1,235 nontransplant liver biopsy specimens examined from January 1995 through December 1999. Diagnostic criteria included the following: lipid-laden cells in the space of Disse; small, dark, crescent-shaped nuclei with inconspicuous nucleoli; and wispy cytoplasmic strands separating fat droplets. Patient details, reason for biopsy, and medication use were studied. Reasons for biopsy included hepatitis C (10 cases), abnormal liver enzyme levels (2 cases), methotrexate use (1 case), and alcohol abuse (1 case). Hypervitaminosis A was not suspected clinically in the 5 patients who used oral vitamin A or 3 who used topical tretinoin (Retin-A). In 6 patients, no cause of stellate-cell lipidosis was discerned. Stellate-cell lipidosis should be reported to alert clinicians to a potentially preventable form of liver injury.

The cytologic criteria for the diagnosis of endocervical gland involvement (EGI) by high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HGSILs) have been described, and this diagnosis occasionally is made. This study evaluates the accuracy of a cytologic diagnosis compared with that of follow-up cone biopsies. Twenty-eight patients with Papanicolaou (Pap) smear diagnoses of HGSILs with EGI, with follow-up cone biopsies, were identified from New York University computerized files. Results were compared with those of a control group of 28 patients showing cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia grades II/III (CIN-II/III), irrespective of previous Pap smear findings. On subsequent cone biopsy samples, 26 of the 28 study cases showed signs of HGSIL. Of these 26 patients, 17 (65%) showed evidence of HGSIL with EGI. Among the 28 control cases, 20 (71.4%) had EGI on the cone biopsies (P = NS). We also examined previous Pap smear findings in a control group of 42 cone biopsies with CIN-II or CIN-III, with or without EGI. EGI was diagnosed in previous Pap smears in 3 of the 31(10%) cases that showed signs of EGI on cone biopsies and in 2 of the 11 cases (18%) that did not evidence EGI on subsequent cone biopsies (P = NS). In our experience, the cytologic diagnosis of EGI on Pap smears did not identify a group of patients with increased frequency of EGI on subsequent cone biopsies.