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Intermediate Pashto is part of a set of materials for teaching oral and written Afghan Pashto. The transcription of a word or phrase is given only when the word or phrase is introduced, or when pronunciation is the focus. Dialogues and readings on various topics (e.g. food, shopping, weather, family, etc.) are used, with accompanying presentations on grammar and vocabulary, and exercises for oral practice and conversation. The Workbook, which is mostly in English, provides background information on points in the dialogues and readings, discussion of grammar points, and information on individual vocabulary items. Each unit in the workbook contains a number of exercises providing additional practice on the points covered in the textbook. In addition to the intermediate textbook, the set consists of a glossary, a beginning textbook, a reader, a conversation manual and a set of taped lessons that correlate with the textbooks. The materials are designed to bring an English-speaking student to a 2+ or 3 on the Interagency Language Roundtable proficiency scale, or an Advanced on the American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages proficiency scale. An overview and brief description of each component of the Pashto Materials is included. (Author/AB)

Beginning Pashto is part of a set of materials for teaching oral and written Afghan Pashto. The Pashto writing system is taught in the first unit of the book and is used in the presentation of the material from then on. In the first three units, material is provided also in a romanized transcription. After that, the transcription of a word or phrase is given only when the word or phrase is introduced, or when pronunciation is the focus. Dialogues and readings on various topics (e.g. food, shopping, weather, family, etc.) are used, with accompanying presentations on grammar and vocabulary and exercises for oral practice and conversation. The Workbook, which is mostly in English, provides background information on points in the dialogues and readings, discussion of grammar, and information on individual vocabulary items. Each unit in the workbook contains a number of exercises providing additional practice on the points covered in the textbook. In addition to the beginning textbook, the set consists of a glossary, an intermediate textbook, a reader, a conversation manual and a set of taped lessons that correlate with the textbooks and conversation manual. The materials are designed to bring an English-speaking student to a 2+ or 3 on the Interagency Language Roundtable proficiency scale, or an Advanced on the American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages proficiency scale. An overview and brief description of each component of the Pashto Materials is included. (Author/AB)

This conversation manual and tapescript are part of a set of materials that have been developed to teach oral and written Afghan Pashto to English speakers. In addition to the conversation manual and tapescript, the set consists of a beginning textbook, an intermediate textbook, a reader, and a set of taped lessons that correlate with the textbooks. The materials are designed to bring an English-speaking student to a 2+ or 3 on the Interagency Language Roundtable proficiency scale, or an Advanced on the American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages proficiency scale. Pashto Conversation Manual contains 14 lessons that correspond to 2 units of the beginning or intermediate Pashto textbook/workbook. The lessons provide additional speaking and listening practice on the material contained in the units, as well as exposure to different dialects. The tapescript contains the oral prompts for the exercises in the manual. An overview and brief description of each component of the Pashto materials is included. (Author/AB)

This reader is the basic text for a set of instructional materials in Pashto. It consists of 45 authentic passages in Pashto script, each accompanied by background information, a vocabulary list, hints for scanning, comprehension exercises, and notes for detailed rereading. An introductory section offers study suggestions for the student. The passages are presented in 7 groups: essays; articles; stories; poetry; public writing (signs and advertising); letters and memoranda; and fractured Pashto. Each group is accompanied by an introduction and answers to comprehension questions. Additional jokes and anecdotes are included throughout the materials. (MSE)

The passages in transcription comprise one component of the "Pashto Reader" materials. They accompany "Pashto Reader," which is the basic text, and the "Pashto Reader Originals," the passages in their original published forms. They are passages in Pashto presented in broad phonetic transcription, for use by linguists and others interested in the structure and pronunciation of authentic Pashto but unfamiliar with the written script. The 45 passages are divided into 7 groups: essays; articles; stories; poetry; public writing (signs and advertising); letters and memoranda; and fractured Pashto. (MSE)

The workbook accompanies the "Intermediate Pashto" textbook (FL 019 797), and provides additional explanations, in English, of Pashtun culture and Pashto grammar. It also contains additional exercises, with answer keys. The units and sections correspond to those of the textbook. Unit overviews are intended to be read, with parallel textbook sections, before the class session in which the unit is to be worked on. Exercises for each unit are to be done at the completion of classwork for the unit. Some exercises require oral prompts, which are provided in the "Teachers' Manual "(FL 019 799). Notes are generally in English; exercises are in Pashto. (MSE)

This student workbook is a component of "Beginning Pashto," a set of materials (including a textbook, teacher's manual, tapescripts, and a glossary) that teaches the Pashto language. The workbook provides background information on Pashtun culture, discusses grammar, and includes information on individual vocabulary items. The workbook unit contains a number of exercises providing additional listening and writing practice on the points covered in the textbook component (grammar, sentence structure, pronunciation, letters of the alphabet, and folk culture). The exercises at the end of each unit are to be done when class work on the unit has been completed. (Author/GLR)

The purpose the Native Language Literacy Screening Device (NLLSD) is to give English for Speakers of Other Languages (ESOL) practitioners a sense of the native language literacy levels of learners coming into their programs. This is worth knowing because when learners have had limited schooling in their first language instructional strategies used in an ESOL class must be tailored to meet the needs of those learners. The NLLSD contains twenty-seven language versions of the screening device and an administrative protocol. The protocol offers a series of suggestions for using the tool and interpreting its results. The screening device is written in the following languages: (1) English; (2) Albanian; (3) Arabic; (4) Benfali; (5) Chinese; (6) Croatian; (7) Farsi; (8) French; (9) Haitian Creole; (10) Hebrew; (11) Hindi; (12) Italian; (13) Japanese; (14) Khmer; (15) Korean; (16) Lao; (17) Pashto; (18) Polish; (19) Portuguese; (20) Punjabi; (21) Russian; (22) Spanish; (23) Tagalog; (24) Tigrinya; (25) Ukrainian; (26) Urdu; and (27) Vietnamese. (Adjunct ERIC Clearinghouse for ESL Literacy Education) (KFT)

As an introduction to Afghani refugees in the United States, this report discusses various aspects of Afghani life both in the U.S. and Afghanistan. Within the discussion of Afghani cultural background, Afghani history, geography, livelihood, language, ethnicity, religion, art, food and dress, festivities, names, and social structure are reviewed. The section on education reveals that modern education has not yet had a wide-spread impact in Afghanistan. A review of the Afghani languages of Pashto and Dari points to possible problems for the Afghani English as a second language student. Issues covered are: (1) the pronunciation of consonants, (2) the pronunciation of vowels, (3) articles, (4) basic word order, and (5) modification of verbs. Based on this review of Afghani culture and language, implications for refugee orientation are discussed. (JK)

The "Pashto Reader Originals" is one component of the "Pashto Reader," a set of materials designed to enable the student of Pashto to read modern written Pashto. These originals are computer scans of most of the passages in the Pashto Reader, authentic written Pashto passages. They are presented in their original published or photographed forms to give the student practice in dealing with the language exactly as it appears in newspapers, books, magazines, handwriting, advertising, and wall paintings. The 37 selections are presented in 6 units: essays; articles; stories; poetry; public writing; and letters and memoranda. (MSE)

The teachers' guide to the "Intermediate Pashto" textbook (FL 019 797) contains notes for the teacher on each of the fourteen units and sub-sections of the textbook. Unit and section headings are in English and Pashto; virtually all text is in Pashto. (MSE)

The textbook for intermediate level Pashto instruction consists of 14 units (15-28) on a variety of cultural topics and linguistic structures. Cultural topics include engagement and marriage, children's education, agriculture and related subjects, the family, Pashtun history, genealogies of major Pashtun tribes, the Pashtun code of behavior, Afghan government and politics, Moslem traditions, and village life. Grammar topics include perfective participles, relative clauses, the imperfective participle, "can" phrases, comparisons, conditional statements, relatives, and past and present unreal conditions. Each unit contains a dialogue or story in Pashto, a new vocabulary list, notes on new grammatical structures, related exercises for language practice and comprehension, and additional brief readings. (MSE)

This workbook tapescript is a component of "Beginning Pashto," a set of materials (including a textbook, student workbook, teacher's manual and glossary) that teaches the Pashto language. The tapescript consists of the prompts for the exercises marked with a T in the workbook. The workbook tapescript has been designed for the would-be Pashto learner who does not have access to a Pashto teacher, or for situations in which the Pashto student needs taped exercises. The prompts are also given at the end of the units in the teachers' manual. To use the transcript component of the course, the help of a native speaker of Pashto is required for recording the contents of the tapescript. (GLR)

This textbook is a component of "Beginning Pashto," a set of materials (including a student workbook, teacher's manual, glossary, and tapescripts) that teaches the Pashto language. The language taught is Afghan Pashto, particularly the standard central district dialect spoken in Kabul and in the official media. The text provides 14 units of study; each unit is approximately 10 hours of class work, and therefore, is sufficient for 2 semesters of academic language training. The first unit of study teaches the Pashto writing system and consists of the following sections: (1) Greeting and Goodby Phrases; (2) Pashto Pronunciation; (3) The Pashto Alphabet Letter Shapes; and (4) Diversions. The remaining 13 units of study present the language through dialogues and readings on various topics (e.g. food, shopping, weather, family, etc.), with accompanying presentations on grammar and vocabulary, and exercises for oral practice and conversation. Each unit also contains a diversion (a proverb, poem, or story) intended to amuse the student, and to provide him or her with a glimpse of Pashto folk literature. The dialogues revolve around the activities of a group of Pashtuns and Americans at an American university. The readings, for the most part, describe Pashtun life and customs in Afghanistan and are related to the topic in the corresponding dialogue. (GLR)

This glossary is a component of "Beginning Pashto," a set of materials (including a textbook, student workbook, teacher's manual, and tapescripts) that is designed for teaching and learning the Pashto language. The glossary contains, in dictionary form, the vocabulary and phrases that occur in the 14 units of the 5 components of the series. Each entry provides an English translation, grammatical information (in italics), the unit or units in which the word occurs, the pronunciation in transcription (in brackets), and the Pashto spelling of the word. The words are alphabetized by their Pashto spelling. The forms of irregular nouns, adjectives, and verbs are provided in the body of the entry. Nouns are listed in the direct singular form, adjectives in the masculine direct singular form, and verbs in the present imperfect stem. (GLR)

This teachers' manual is a component of "Beginning Pashto," a set of materials (including a textbook, student workbook, tapescripts, and a glossary) that teaches the Pashto language. The teacher's manual is written for the native speaker of Pashto who is educated but does not have a background in language teaching or an extensive background in Pashto grammar. The guide explains the presentation of grammar points and gives other information of use to the teacher. At the end of each unit, the prompts for the listening exercises in the workbook are given for the teacher's convenience. (GLR)

This textbook tapescript is a component of "Beginning Pashto," a set of materials (including a textbook, student workbook, and glossary) that teaches the Pashto language. The textbook tapescript consists of the dialogues, readings, example sentences, and vocabulary contained in the units of the Textbook, recast in tapescript form. The tapescript is designed to be of use to would-be learners of Pashto who do not have regular access to a Pashto teacher, but who want to learn something of the oral language. To make tapes from this tapescript, it is first necessary to find a native Pashto speaker who has had enough education in Afghanistan or Pakistan to read Pashto script easily. When a native speaker has been found, the contents of the tapescript can be taped for use as listening exercises. (GLR)

The laboratory tapescripts for a course in basic Pashto are transcriptions of instructions and exercises given on tape recordings made for use in a language laboratory. The course contains seven units, each consisting of five lessons. The laboratory tape to accompany each lesson contains instructions for completing exercises contained in the laboratory manual. Lesson topics include information on the Pashtuns, classroom communication and behavior, greetings, telephone use, visiting someone's house, giving personal information, conversation skills, giving and getting directions, discussing everyday life, the seasons, days and times, prayer times, and the family. All Pashto is translated into English in the tapescripts. (MSE)

The laboratory manual for a course in basic Pashto is designed to accompany a series of tapes and other instructional materials. It contains a variety of written exercises the student is to perform in response to material on the tapes, which provide listening practice on material presented in parallel textbook lessons. An answer key follows each lesson. Lesson topics include information on the Pashtuns, classroom communication and behavior, greetings, telephone use, visiting someone's house, giving personal information, conversation skills, giving and getting directions, discussing everyday life, the seasons, days and times, prayer times, and the family. (MSE)

The textbook for a course in basic Pashto contains seven instructional units, each consisting of five lessons. Each lesson contains a list of objectives, a review of previously learned words and sentences on which the new lesson is based, new vocabulary, a dialogue, pronunciation exercises, exercises in sentence structure, activities to encourage the student to try his new knowledge, and a Pashto conversation exercise with related activities. Lesson topics include information on the Pashtuns, classroom communication and behavior, greetings, telephone use, visiting someone's house, giving personal information, conversation skills, giving and getting directions, discussing everyday life, the seasons, days and times, prayer times, and the family. The textbook and accompanying written and recorded materials are intended for use in an intensive language course that includes classroom instruction, laboratory work, and writing practice. (MSE)

The course in basic Pashto consists of seven units, each containing five lessons. Lesson topics include informatioh about the Pashtuns, classroom communication and behavior, greetings, telephone use, visiting someone's house, giving personal information, conversation skills, giving and getting directions, discussing everyday life, the seasons, days and times, prayer times, and the family. The teacher's manual, designed to accompany a textbook and other related materials, provides notes on teaching each lesson and specific lesson elements. At the end of each unit, suggestions and answer keys for either a quiz or a two-week test are given. (MSE)

The textbook tapescripts for a course in basic Pashto are transcriptions of tapes that accompany the basic text. The tapescript for each of the course's 35 lessons includes listening and speaking exercises on material in the parallel textbook lesson. Lesson topics include information on the Pashtuns, classroom communication and behavior, greetings, telephone use, visiting someone's house, giving personal information, conversation skills, giving and getting directions, discussing everyday life, the seasons, days and times, prayer times, and the family. (MSE)

The workbook for a course in basic Pashto, designed to accompany a textbook and other materials, contains notes and exercises for students to use after class sessions. It provides background information, study hints, and activities for reviewing new and previously learned information. The course consists of seven units, each containing five lessons. Each workbook lesson includes a lesson overview, cultural notes, notes on Pashto words and word use, new vocabulary, exercises, and a key to the exercises. Some lessons also include grammar notes. Some of the exercises have accompanying tapes. Lesson topics include information on the Pashtuns, classroom communication and behavior, greetings, telephone use, visiting someone's house, giving personal information, conversation skills, giving and getting directions, discussing everyday life, the seasons, days and times, prayer times, and the family. (MSE)

The workbook tapescripts reflect the contents of the tapes which accompany the Workbook of the Pashto Basic Course, Units 1-7. The tapescripts are intended to provide the teacher with a quick reference to the content of the laboratory exercises. They are not intended for use by the student. Lesson topics include information on the Pashtuns, classroom communication and behavior, greetings, telephone use, visiting someone's house, giving personal information, conversation skills, giving and getting directions, discussing everyday life, the seasons, days and times, prayer times, and the family. All Pashto is translated into English in the tapescripts. (MSE)

The writing manual for a course in basic Pashto teaches the Pashto alphabet: the letters, their sounds, their names, and their shapes in various combinations with other letters. Each lesson, designed to take one class hour, consists of a presentation of the material to be learned, exercises using that material, exercises reviewing previously learned material, and a self-test. (MSE)