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We present the first case of a complicated foot infection caused by Fusobacterium russii in Austria. F. russii is highly associated with mammals such as cats and dogs. Our case underlines the difficulties in isolation and identification of anaerobes and the pitfalls in antimicrobial treatment of polymicrobial infections., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Background: Treatment of septic hand tenosynovitis is complex, and often requires multiple débridements and prolonged antibiotic therapy. The authors undertook this study to identify factors that might be associated with the need for subsequent débridement (after the initial one) because of persistence or secondary worsening of infection., Methods: In this retrospective single-center study, the authors included all adult patients who presented to their emergency department from 2007 to 2010 with septic tenosynovitis of the hand., Results: The authors identified 126 adult patients (55 men; median age, 45 years), nine of whom were immunosuppressed. All had community-acquired infection; 34 (27 percent) had a subcutaneous abscess and eight (6 percent) were febrile. All underwent at least one surgical débridement and had concomitant antibiotic therapy (median, 15 days; range, 7 to 82 days). At least one additional surgical intervention was required in 18 cases (median, 1.13 interventions; range, one to five interventions). All but four episodes (97 percent) were cured of infection on the first attempt after a median follow-up of 27 months. By multivariate analysis, only two factors were significantly associated with the outcome "subsequent surgical débridement": abscess (OR, 4.6; 95 percent CI, 1.5 to 14.0) and longer duration of antibiotic therapy (OR, 1.2; 95 percent CI, 1.1 to 1.2)., Conclusion: In septic tenosynovitis of the hand, the only presenting factor that was statistically predictive of an increased risk of needing a second débridement was the presence of a subcutaneous abscess., Clinical Question/level of Evidence: Risk, III.

Background: Infections caused by Pasteurella multocida are extremely rare in arthroplasty. We report the case of a patient who was bitten by his domestic cat, causing an infection of his knee arthroplasty., Diagnosis and Treatment: The puncture of the knee resulted in putrid joint effusion. After removal of the knee prosthesis, infection with Pasteurella multocida was verified. We performed a two-stage revision combined with intravenous antibiotic therapy., Discussion: Infections caused by cats and dogs should attract more attention especially as prosthesis material represents a significant "locus minoris resistentiae". Patients with domestic pets should be informed about this source of infection and possible complications. In the case of a bite, prompt and liberal antibiotic treatment should be administered.

A 50-year-old Japanese man presented with fever and upper respiratory tract symptoms that required urgent inpatient admission. A physical examination revealed conjunctival hemorrhages and peripheral embolic phenomena. Blood cultures grew Pasteurella multocida, and an echocardiography revealed a mitral valve vegetation suggestive of infective endocarditis (IE), which was confirmed using the Modified Duke Criteria. After several antibiotic regimens proved ineffective, valve replacement was performed, with a good eventual outcome. P. multocida IE is rare and may sometimes have no preceding risk factors. P. multocida infections of the upper respiratory tract are unusual but may be an inciting event for IE. It is essential to check blood cultures and to repeat the performance of physical examinations to appreciate the developing features of IE.

Purpose: To assess the overall morbidity of cat bites to the hand and identify risk factors for hospitalization after such an injury., Methods: All patients recently treated at our institution for cat bite injuries to the hand were retrospectively reviewed. We identified 193 patients in a 3-year period between January 1, 2009, and December 31, 2011. Patient demographics, medical history, physical examination findings, laboratory values, and long-term follow-up data were collected. Univariate and multivariate statistical regression were used to analyze the data., Results: Thirty percent (n = 57) of patients with cat bites to the hand were hospitalized. The average length of stay for these patients was 3.2 days. Of the hospitalized patients, 67% (n = 38) underwent irrigation and debridement, with 8 patients requiring more than 1 operation. Complications were common among these patients. Risk factors associated with hospitalization included smoking, immunocompromised state, and location of bite over a joint or tendon sheath. Physical examination findings of erythema and swelling at presentation were also associated with increased risk of hospitalization. Time from bite to presentation, white blood cell count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and C-reactive protein values at presentation were not associated with hospitalization., Conclusions: Cat bite injuries to the hand can progress to serious infection. The treatment of such infections often requires hospitalization, intravenous antibiotic therapy, and operative treatment. Clinical findings suggestive of the need for hospitalization include location of the bite over a joint or tendon sheath, erythema, pain, and swelling. These findings should increase concern for a severe infection and warrant hospitalization and urgent consultation with a hand surgeon., Type of Study/level of Evidence: Therapeutic III., (Copyright © 2014 American Society for Surgery of the Hand. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Pasteurella multocida a small gram-negative coccobacilli is primarily found as normal flora of cats and dogs. These organisms can cause a variety of infections in humans, usually the result of scratches, bites and licks by percutaneous inoculation of the organism. Most cases of septic arthritis involve a cat or dog bite distal to the involved joint without direct penetrating injury to the joint. On scenarios were Pasteurella infection is suspected within a prosthetic joint, aggressive surgical debridement and/or removal of the prosthesis with intravenous antibiotics is recommended. Prosthetic joint infections secondary to animal bites are an extremely rare complication and few cases have been reported in the literature. This is a case report of a patient that suffered a cat's bite of his right prosthetic knee and against all odd was able to save it without surgical intervention.

Prosthetic joint infections due to Pasteurella multocida are rarely but increasingly reported but no data on production of biofilm are available. We report the case of a woman with a late, haematogenous peri-prosthetic infection of cemented total knee arthroplasty caused by a strain of P. multocida identified by pyrosequencing and unable to produce biofilm. Comparison of clinical and laboratory findings with those reported in other patients evidenced differences mainly in the period of symptoms' onset and in the behaviour of some inflammatory markers.

We report a tubo-ovarian abscess due to Pasteurella multocida. This zoonotic infection was likely of ascending origin, as Pasteurella was also isolated from vaginal swabs.

Pasteurella is a Gram-negative coccobacillus found in 70-90% of oral cavities of cats, and as well, is isolated from the digestive systems of dogs, rats, rabbits, monkeys, and other animals. Pasteurella multocida has been known to cause infections in humans, the most familiar being soft tissue infection after animal bites. However, this organism may affect a variety of systems, causing serious disease. Pasteurella multocida can cause septic arthritis, osteomyelitis, pneumonia, endocarditis, meningitis, and septicemia. We report a case of bacterial meningitis, subgaleal, subdural, and epidural empyema due to Pasteurella multocida by a rabbit licking that resulted in neurological complications and a prolonged recovery period., (Copyright 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

We describe the rare case of a patient with an isolated endocarditis of the pulmonary valve caused by Pasteurella multocida. The bacterium was cultured from blood as well as from the excised valve after pulmonary valve replacement. Risk factors were contact with animals and concurrent intravenous drug use.

We report on a case of arthroscopic treatment of septic arthritis of the knee in a 73-year-old woman with a posterior stabilized knee endoprosthesis. Six months after arthroplasty of the right knee joint because of osteoarthritis, the patient experienced an erysipelas of the right lower leg after a cat bite. Although given intravenous antibiotic therapy, the patient developed septic arthritis of the right knee. Pasteurella multocida could be identified as the causative organism. The joint infection was classified as stage I according to Gächter. Via arthroscopic joint debridement, partial synovialectomy, the use of continuous irrigation-suction drains, and intravenous antibiotic therapy, the empyema could be cured without removal of the total endoprosthesis of the right knee.

Pasturella multocida is a rare cause of joint sepsis in total joint arthroplasty, and all case reports have identified a distant source of infection from an animal bite that has caused potential hematogenous seeding of the prosthesis. We report a case in which no potential distal wound source was found and the only likely etiology was local wound seeding from an old injury. In that injury, a saddle stirrup had caused a severe traumatic soft tissue injury as a horse had rolled over the patient. We draw attention to the fact that this particular bacteria is virulent in producing septic contamination of a total joint prosthesis, and aggressive treatment is indicated when such infection is identified.

An 84-year-old woman bitten by her domestic cat developed a severe wound infection caused by Pasteurella multocida. Although she was treated with antibiotics according to the bacterial sensitivity, the infection progressed to sepsis and became complicated by transient renal failure caused by interstitial nephritis. The need in the emergency department for a thorough examination of patients with domestic animal-inflicted injuries, the indication for surgical debridement, and the isolation of the offender by early obtained cultures are considered. The administration of the properly chosen antibiotics and prophylactic vaccination against rabies and tetanus are discussed.

We summarize an unusual postoperative wound infection that was caused by Pasteurella multocida from a house cat licking the incision in an obese gynecologic oncology patient. A 48-year-old morbidly obese woman had a wound abscess 6 weeks after hysterectomy and panniculectomy for a International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage IA grade 1 endometrial cancer. P multocida was cultured from the abscess and the patient was treated with drainage and intravenous antibiotics. Further history revealed that her house cat had licked the wound. P multocida wound infection is a potential complication for people with dog or cat contact postoperatively. Penicillin G is the antibiotic of choice for treatment.

Pasteurella multocida is a rare cause of infective endocarditis that occurs mostly in immunocompromised patients and is therefore associated with a high mortality rate. The case is reported of a 48-year-old male patient with liver cirrhosis, who developed aortic valve endocarditis caused by P. multocida. The infection was detected by blood cultures. The patient presented with generalized symptoms and initial neurologic symptoms suggestive of meningitis. Transthoracic echocardiography conducted after the discovery of a diastolic murmur revealed a large vegetation on the aortic valve, and notable insufficiency. These findings were confirmed at surgery, where-upon the patient underwent aortic valve replacement using a bioprosthetic valve. Subsequently he developed a recurrent episode of endocarditis that was successfully treated with antibiotic therapy. Other similar cases reported in the literature are reviewed.

A 4 1/2-month-old male Neapolitan Mastiff was presented with a history of severe non weight-bearing lameness, depression and anorexia, following 6 weeks of intermittent thoracic limb lameness that had deteriorated in the previous 72 hours. Haematogenous septic polyarthritis involving the right elbow joint and left glenohumeral joint was diagnosed, with blood and joint cultures revealing a Pasteurella species. Arthroscopy was utilised to facilitate joint evaluation and effect drainage of both joints. Clinical remission was achieved within 48 hours. Arthroscopy provided a minimally invasive yet thorough joint examination, lavage, and drainage of fibrinopurulent debris, thereby allowing early postoperative mobility and minimal morbidity.

The present case involves a 48-year-old male patient who presented with Pasteurella multocida endocarditis associated with preexisting mitral valve stenosis. A mitral valve replacement was successfully performed after 3 weeks of intravenous infusion with antibiotics. Pasteurella multocida is a normal inhabitant of the oral cavity of dogs and cats. Therefore, people who have frequent contact with these animals should be examined periodically for signs of infection.

We present a case of malakoplakia of the lung caused by Pasteurella multocida in a patient with AIDS. This is the first report to implicate P. multocida in the pathogenesis of malakoplakia.

The authors show how septic prepatellar bursitis of the knee can be treated arthroscopically. The arthroscopic resection of nonseptic prepatellar bursitis has been described before, but that of the septic prepatellar bursitis has not.

Air sacculitis was diagnosed in a chronically chaired baboon, Papio anubis. Pasteurella multocida was repeatedly isolated from the air sac for a period of 1 year. The condition was characterized by the continuous accumulation of either mucoserous or purulent fluid. Biopsies of the air sac taken during the course of the disease initially revealed goblet cell hyperplasia. Later a subepithalial mononuclear or polymorphonuclear infiltrate and necrosis was the predominate finding. Medical therapy was only intermittently successful and consisted of frequent drainage and antibiotics administered locally and intravenously. The condition was resolved after surgical resection of the air sac lining membrane.

A 72-year-old woman with a total knee prosthesis was infected with Pasteurella multocida organisms from a cat bite. The joint was successfully salvaged by surgical debridement, closed tube irrigation utilizing .25% acetic acid and appropriate antibiotics.

A case detailing the successful management of aortic graft sepsis resulting from Pasteurella multocida is reported. The infection was the result of a bite from the patient's dog.

A case report of documented Yersinial acute ileitis is presented. A review of the literature reveals that progression to Crohn's disease is uncommon. Yersinosis can present as several symptom complexes. Mesenteric lymphadenitis and terminal ileitis, however, appear to be the most common. The diagnosis is usually made during laparotomy for possible appendicitis, because the symptom complex may be very similar. If the only finding at laparotomy is a thickened edematous ileum, postoperative titers for Yersinia should be taken. A greater awareness is necessary before the true incidence and epidemiology can be ascertained.