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Introduction: COVID-19 infection was declared a global pandemic and public health emergency by WHO. In order to avoid getting infected with the virus, various preventive measures were followed including prophylactic medicine, particularly among health care professional working with patients. The current study aimed to evaluate pattern of prophylactic medicines consumed by post graduate doctors for prevention of COVID-19 infection. Methodology: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted among the post graduate resident doctors (1st year to 4th year) of various medical specialties working in COVID-19 at various tertiary care teaching hospitals across Gujarat. A questionnaire regarding prophylactic use of medicine was communicated through online tool. Results: Of 311 respondents, mean age was 28±2 years and male to female ratio was 0.94. 8% participants have history of recurrent respiratory infection. Out of 311 participants 233 (74.91%) consumed prophylaxis. Most commonly consumed prophylactic medicine was of allopathy (64%) followed by Complementary & alternative medicine and home remedies (63.02%). Vitamin C (56.27%), Multivitamins (33.11%), Zinc (27%), Azithromycin (21.86%), Hydroxychloroquine (16.72%) were most frequently consumed allopathic medicines. Turmeric (53.06%), Ayurvedic kadha (44.38%), lemon (43.36%) were frequently consumed CAM and home remedies. 20 participants reported Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) in which common ADRs nausea (65%) and Diarrhea (50%). 59.16 % participants developed COVID-19 out of 51.63 % participants had COVID-19 after taking prophylaxis. Occurrence of COVID-19 infection among post-Graduate doctors was not signicantly associated with prophylactic use of medicine. Conclusion: Vitamins, zinc, azithromycin and hydroxychloroquine (allopathic medicines) and turmeric and ayurvedic kadha (CAM) were commonly used prophylactic medicines. Occurrence of COVID-19 infection was not signicantly associated with intake of prophylactic medicine

Spectrum sensing is a key aspect of Cognitive Radio (CR). The main requirement in CR systems is the ability to sense the primary signal accurately and rapidly. In this paper, a novel hybrid spectrum sensing scheme in CR is proposed which considers the hypothesis problem as a binary classification problem. The proposed scheme is a combination of classical energy detection, Likelihood Ratio Test statistic (LRS-G2) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The scheme utilises energy from energy detection and Zhang test statistic from LRS-G2 as features to train the ANN while ANN provides the adaptive learning and stable performance to the scheme. The performance of proposed sensing scheme is evaluated on several real-world primary signals of various radio technologies and it has been found out that for all those radio technologies the proposed scheme outperforms the classical energy detection and the improved energy detection.

Coleus forskohlii is a plant renowned for its medicinal as well as for aromatic values. It is medium heighted, herbaceous nature plant belonging to family Lamiaceae. Medium water supply is needed for this plants successful growth and development. This plant is also produces a beautiful violet coloured flower which further develops in to seeds of small size and round in shape. Mature stems are easily cut and found to be potential to convert in to its new small plants similar to their parental plants. The plant is well known for their propagation using their seeds and by stem cutting in the presence of favourable environmental conditions. The current paper deals with the study on its vegetative propagation using their mature stem cuttings in poly bags including sand, manure and soil mixture equally. Selected stem cuttings for the above purpose were allowed to grow in each one of the poly bags with medium water supply at the starting of the experimentation. Later on as per need of the developing plants facilities were given and managed to support the rich growth and development of the plant to make the experiment success. After development of the new plants these are carefully removed from poly bags and are further grown in the prepared beds in Herbal garden to multiply as well for ex-situ conservation. Related findings are discussed further more in this paper.

Plants are important source of a variety of products found to be useful in human beings. These are also a major component of forming biodiversity in certain ecological areas. The presence of the specific plant species in natural sites is depending on many factors like Biotic and Abiotic factors near the plants. Genetic constitutions of the plants are also determining the adaptability of the plants in particular natural habitats. Plants are not only a source of varied products but also these are actively participating role in ecological balances in multifold directions. Plants are showing variation in their presence, structure and production rate according to their natural environmental conditions. These processes are regulated by their available facility ad resistance capacity of the plants. Among a large group of the plants many plant species are actively utilizing as a source of treatment of many disorders. The plant species which are used as such category are referred as Medicinal and Aromatic plants. One Medicinal and Aromatic plants can be used for treatment of several disorders like Andrographis paniculata is potentially used as anti-diabetic, blood purifier, worm killer etc where as many Medicinal and Aromatic plants are found to be useful in treatment of a specific disorders. Medicinal and Aromatic plants are important source as a primary health care among the human society. Herbal treatment of various disorders is now a day's going popular because it's potential application and effect, less side effect. Each one Medicinal and Aromatic plants includes a specific type and concentration of chemical compounds and are differ as per variation in plant species and also concentration changes by the age of plants. The utility of the Medicinal and Aromatic plants is depending on their presence as well as by the active treatment potential to control specific disorders. Finally it is concluded that the Medicinal and Aromatic plants are very useful in human society due to less expensive, easily availability and rich potential to control disorders. Focusing of above facts such Medicinal and Aromatic plants urgently needs for conservation by all means for future generation.

Plants include a variety of useful substances for human beings and are widely used for treatment of various disorders. Plants are propagated mostly by their seeds but stem cutting also found to be useful for this purpose. Except of above methods some plants are also propagating through their modified root or stem found commonly inside of the soil or underground part of the plant. Some examples are Rhizome, Bulb, Tuber, corm etc. These structures are modified form and useful to regenerate the plants in favorable environmental condition. During of adverse condition these are found in resting phase and when moisture level increase new buds are produced by nodular part of them which performing efficient capability to reproducing the new plants as their parental ones. 42 Medicinal and aromatic plants underground parts were collected in different part of the Chhattisgarh and propagated in Herbal Garden in poly bags and also direct in the prepared beds. Developed new individuals of these plants in poly bags were carefully shifted to the prepared field for their further growth and development. As per need of the newly developing plants necessary facilities were provided.

Traditional Medicinal plants are remarkable for their significant potential to treat a specific disorder. Over the world around 80% populations dependent on traditional medicines according to WHO. Plant diversity depends on local climatic condition and also on their adaptation capacity in changeable environmental condition. Plants are great source of primary health care due to presence of certain chemical compounds. Cut, Boil, Burn, Wounds are mainly affecting skin. Prevention of pathogenic attack in body plants can perform certain role known as herbal medicine. A total of 55 species of the plants of 35 different families were recorded for above purpose and the findings are listed and discussed.

Chhattisgarh is rich center of Biodiversity also known as an Herbal state in India. Among the diversity of species, Medicinal plants diversity is of great importance. The state is covered with 44.00% area by forest cover. Traditional medicinal plants are used by local people to cure many diseases over the state. The plant resources are a remarkable natural source for providing many useful products. Medicinal plants diversity with special references to herbaceous plants was assessed and documented in this study. Information on Medicinal plants was recorded by surveying the area during July 2010 to June 2011. Based on the field survey there are 116 Medicinal plants belonging to 43 families were documented in and around area of Bilaspur (C. G.). Leaf is recorded as maximum used plant parts, Seed is shown as a main source to multiply the plants and the data are discussed furthermore.