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Background and Aims: In emergency and non-fasting patients posted for laparotomy under general anaesthesia, rapid sequence induction (RSI) is preferred, and it is routinely done by using succinylcholine or rocuronium. Using higher doses of atracurium [i.e. 3-4 times the 95 effective dose (ED95)] can provide acceptable intubating conditions in a short time. The primary objective of our study was to compare two different higher doses of atracurium to achieve good intubating conditions for RSI without using a priming dose. The secondary objective was to compare the duration of muscle relaxation using neuromuscular monitoring and haemodynamic responses during and after intubation. Methods: Sixty patients were enroled and randomly assigned into two groups:-, group A1 (atracurium: 0.75 mg/kg) and group A2 (atracurium: 1 mg/kg). After premedication, anaesthesia was induced with propofol 2-2.5 mg/kg and atracurium injections, followed by intubation within a minute by trained anaesthesiologists. Meanwhile, intubating conditions, neuromuscular monitoring using train-of-four (TOF) measurements and post-tetanic-count and haemodynamics were recorded. Data were analysed statistically by using the Chi-square test and Student's t-test. Results: Excellent intubation conditions (without coughing or bucking) were attained in 56.7 of cases in group A2 and in 13.3 in group A1 (P < 0.001). Duration of muscle relaxation, measured by time until TOF is two, was more prolonged in group A2 (79.2 ± 9.2 min) than in group A1 (60.13 ± 8.7 min, P < 0.001). Conclusion: Acceptable intubating conditions can be achieved in a minute with the use of a high dose of atracurium (1 mg/kg) during RSI. Hence, atracurium can be used as an alternative drug for RSI. Keywords: Atracurium, muscle relaxation, rapid sequence induction and intubation, Author(s): Roopa Holkunde (corresponding author) [1]; Shilpa Masur [1]; Basavaraja A Patil [2]; Chetan Patil [1]; Dinesh Naik [1]; Swetha Lamani [1] INTRODUCTION For intubation in emergency and full stomach [...]

Effective sound absorption is crucial in environments like schools and hospitals. This study evaluates open-pore polyurethane foam and perforated onyx panels, which attenuate noise via distinct mechanisms: porous materials convert sound energy to heat through viscous and thermal losses, while perforated panels use resonant behaviour for energy dissipation. The impact of hole geometries and panel orientations on the sound absorption coefficient and noise reduction coefficient was investigated using COMSOL Multiphysics 6.0 for finite element analysis and ISO 10534-2 compliant impedance tube experiments. Six perforated panel configurations were 3D-printed with varying hole diameters and backed by a 24 mm polyurethane foam layer. Both 'forward' and 'reverse' configurations were assessed. A tapered hole from 4 mm to 2 mm showed the highest sound absorption across the 100–4000 Hz range, with a noise reduction coefficient of 0.444, excelling in both orientations. Reverse designs generally performed less, underscoring the importance of hole geometry and orientation. Experimental results aligned with FEA simulations, validating the computational model. This study elucidates sound absorption mechanisms of porous and perforated materials, providing a validated framework for material selection in noise-sensitive settings and highlighting 3D-printing's potential in noise control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing prevalence of machine learning technology highlights the urgent need to delve into its insinuations for safety and confidentiality. While inquiry on the safety aspects of mechanism knowledge has garnered considerable attention, privacy considerations have often taken a backseat, although recent years have seen a significant upswing in privacy-focused research. In an effort to contribute to this growing field, we conducted an analysis encompassing more than 40 articles addressing privacy threats in the context of mechanism knowledge, published ended the historical seven centuries. We have contributed to this research by creating a thorough threat architecture and an assault taxonomy. These tools help in categorizing various attacks based on the assets they target and the knowledge adversaries possess. We also conducted an in-depth exploration of the different privacy threats posed by machine learning, shedding light on their mechanisms and implications. Furthermore, our research includes a preliminary investigation into the underlying reasons for privacy breaches in machine learning systems. This aspect delves into the root causes of privacy leaks, shedding light on the factors that make such incidents more likely to occur. In addition to identifying privacy threats and their causes, we have compiled a summary of the most commonly proposed defense mechanisms against these threats. These defences can serve as a resource for organizations and researchers seeking to bolster the privacy of their machine learning systems. Lastly, we recognize that the field of machine learning privacy still faces unanswered questions and developing difficulties. As such, we encourage further research and exploration of potential future areas of interest. By addressing these unresolved issues and embracing emerging technologies and methodologies, we can better safeguard the privacy of individuals in an increasingly data-driven and machine learning-driven world.

Byline: Gautam. Singh, Barnali. Mitra, Anuj. Bhatnagar, Debdeep. Mitra, Krishna. Talukdar, Pankaj. Das, Chetan. Patil, Sunmeet. Sandhu, Anwita. Sinha, Teghveer. Singh Background: The gradual opening of healthcare system since second [...]

Erythrodermic psoriasis is an acute inflammatory condition presenting as erythema and scaling involving more than 90% of body surface area in patients with a history of psoriasis vulgaris. If not treated promptly, metabolic complications and infections due to acute skin failure can cause significant morbidity and mortality in this condition. Interleukin-17 (IL-17) is considered to be the key player in initiating the inflammatory cascade in psoriasis. IL-17 blockers have been successfully used in the management of psoriasis vulgaris. However, its use in unstable erythrodermic psoriasis is limited to isolated case reports. We hereby report an observational study of nine patients of unstable psoriatic erythroderma successfully managed with injection secukinumab and followed up over the next 24 months. Nine patients were managed during the study period, and a successful outcome was noted in all the patients. The Psoriasis Area and Severity Index response rate improved by at least 75% from baseline in 33.3% (3⁄9) at week 4 and improved to 88.9% (8⁄9) at week 12. None of the patients had a recurrence of erythroderma till 24 months of followup. The study concluded that secukinumab is quick, safe, and efficient in psoriatic erythroderma, and there was no relapse of erythroderma in any of the patients in the 24 months of followup. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]