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Introduction: Patients undergoing orthodontic therapy face greater difficulties in maintaining good oral hygiene. To improve mechanical plaque removal, a common strategy is to incorporate a chemotherapeutic agent. Thus, the effects of adding essential oil mouthwash to a standard oral hygiene regimen to maintain oral health were evaluated. Material and Method: Two groups were created with 25 patients each. Gingival index and orthodontic plaque index were calculated as initial reading. Gingival index and orthodontic plaque index were calculated again after 6 months. Result: In the control group, the mean score of gingival index and orthodontic plaque index were significantly increased from baseline reading (T1) to after 6 months reading (T2). In the experimental group, increase in the mean score of gingival index and orthodontic plaque index was not statistically significant. Conclusion: When an essential oil mouthwash is added to the daily oral hygiene regimen (conventional manual toothbrushing + brushing with monotufted brush), it maintained the gingival health and amount of plaque accumulation in orthodontic patients over a period of 6 months. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mantle Cell Lymphoma (MCL) is a distinct clinicopathological subtype of B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 2-10% of all NHL cases. Gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is the predominant site of extranodal MCL which commonly presents as Multiple Lymphomatous Polyposis (MLP). A 60 year old male presented with pain abdomen, diarrhea and weight loss of two months duration. On colonoscopy multiple polyps were found in the entire colon and rectum. Computed tomography revealed ileo-colic intussusception with nodularity in the lead point. Histopathology suggested features of MCL. On immunohistochemistry, the tumor cells were positive for CD20, CD5, Cyclin D1, negative for CD3, CD10, CD23, and CD45 RO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adamantinoma is a rare bone tumor arising in the long bones. Metastasis has been reported in less than 10% of cases. Here we are presenting a case of recurrent adamantinoma of the tibia presented with left inguinal lymph node metastasis after a period of six years. A 50 year old male underwent curettage and bone grafting for adamantinoma of the left tibia which presented with recurrence after one year of primary diagnosis. Six years later he returned with inguinal swelling. Excised specimen of swelling showed features of metastatic adamantinoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 15 years old boy was presented with inguinal lymphadenopathy. The fine needle aspiration of lymph node revealed budding yeast cells and Cryptococcus neoformans was isolated on culture of the aspirate. On further investigations, patient was found to be Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) positive with low CD4 count of 207cells/μl. Patient showed good response with antifungal and antiretroviral treatment. Cryptococcosis is the most common, life threatening, opportunistic, fungal disease in HIV infected individuals. Lung, meninges and skin involvement have been described. Lymph node involvement in cryptococcosis is considered to be rare. Therefore a prompt diagnosis is mandatory for early initiation of specific treatment. We report here a case of cryptococcosis presenting as inguinal lymphadenopathy and diagnosed on fine needle aspiration cytology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The correlation between tympanic membrane perforations and hearing loss was studied. Study Design: Cross sectional prospective study design. Setting: E. N. T OPD, at a tertiary referral center. Materials and Methods:100 perforated ears in patients of CSOM safe were selected from May 2011 to September 2013. Instruments used for data collection/processing included questionnaires, oto-endoscopy and micro-otoscopy, Pure tone audiometer and image J software. Results: Sixty-three patients (27-males, 36-females), aged 10-56 years (mean age 23.2 years ± 11.8 years) with 100 perforated eardrums were studied. 37(58.7%) had bilateral ™ perforations, 7(11.1%) right unilateral and 19(30.2%) left unilateral. The various sizes of perforation and their hearing loss were as follows: Group I (0-8 mm2), n=18, with mean hearing loss 29.41 ± 4.39. Group II (8.1-30 mm2), n=39, with mean hearing loss 34.69± 4.96. Group III (>30.1 mm2), n = 43, with mean hearing loss= 38.79± 3.44. Difference was significant, P value 0.000. The various sites of perforations were Central (69 ears. Mean hearing loss 35.64 dB ± 5.31), Posterior (16 ears, mean hearing loss 39.99 dB ± 2.79) and Anterior (15 ears, mean hearing loss 30.1 dB ± 2.98). Difference was significant, P value 0.000. Lower frequencies were affected more than higher frequencies. Inverted 'V' pattern of audiograms was observed at 2000 Hz. Conclusion: A linear relationship existed between size and degree of hearing loss. Posterior perforations had a higher hearing loss. Lower frequencies were affected more in general. Inverted 'V' pattern of audiograms was observed with turning point at 2000 Hz. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]