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2. First detection of ozone in the mid-infrared at Mars: implications for methane detection

Author

Olsen, Kevin S., Lefèvre, Franck, Montmessin, Franck, Trokhimovskiy, Alexander, Baggio, Lucio, Fedorova, Anna, Alday, Juan, Lomakin, Alexander, Belyaev, Denis A., Patrakeev, Andrey, Shakun, Alexey, and Korablev, Oleg

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Physics - Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics
Abstract

The ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter (TGO) was sent to Mars in March 2016 to search for trace gases diagnostic of active geological or biogenic processes. We report the first observation of the spectral features of Martian ozone (O3) in the mid-infrared range using the Atmospheric Chemistry Suite (ACS) Mid-InfaRed (MIR) channel, a cross-dispersion spectrometer operating in solar occultation mode with the finest spectral resolution of any remote sensing mission to Mars. Observations of ozone were made at high northern latitudes (>65N) prior to the onset of the 2018 global dust storm (Ls = 163-193). During this fast transition phase between summer and winter ozone distribution, the O3 volume mixing ratio observed is 100-200 ppbv near 20 km. These amounts are consistent with past observations made at the edge of the southern polar vortex in the ultraviolet range. The observed spectral signature of ozone at 3000-3060 cm-1 directly overlaps with the spectral range of the methane (CH4) nu3 vibration-rotation band, and it, along with a newly discovered CO2 band in the same region, may interfere with measurements of methane abundance., Comment: 7 pages, 6 figures

Published
2020
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3. Martian water ice clouds during the 2018 global dust storm as observed by the ACS-MIR channel onboard the Trace Gas Orbiter

Author

Stcherbinine, Aurélien, Vincendon, Mathieu, Montmessin, Franck, Wolff, Michael, Korablev, Oleg, Fedorova, Anna, Trokhimovskiy, Alexander, Patrakeev, Andrey, Lacombe, Gaëtan, Baggio, Lucio, and Shakun, Alexey

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

The Atmospheric Chemistry Suite (ACS) instrument onboard the ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter (TGO) ESA-Roscosmos mission began science operations in March 2018. ACS Mid InfraRed (MIR) channel notably provides solar occultation observations of the martian atmosphere in the 2.3 - 4.2 $\mu$m spectral range. Here we use these observations to characterize water ice clouds before and during the MY 34 Global Dust Storm (GDS). We developed a method to detect water ice clouds with mean particle size $\leq$ 2 $\mu$m, and applied it to observations gathered between $L_s=165^\circ$ and $L_s=243^\circ$. We observe a shift in water ice clouds maximum altitudes from about 60 km before the GDS to above 90 km during the storm. These very high altitude, small-sized ($r_\mathrm{eff} \leq 0.3$ $\mu$m) water ice clouds are more frequent during MY34 compared to non-GDS years at the same season. Particle size frequently decreases with altitude, both locally within a given profile and globally in the whole dataset. We observe that the maximum altitude at which a given size is observed can increase during the GDS by several tens of km for certain sizes. We notably notice some large water ice particles ($r_\mathrm{eff}\geq1.5$ $\mu$m) at surprisingly high altitudes during the GDS (50 - 70 km). These results suggest that GDS can significantly impact the formation and properties of high altitude water ice clouds as compared to the usual perihelion dust activity.

Published
2019
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4. Untitled Document

Author

Olsen, Kevin S., primary, Fedorova, Anna A., additional, Kass, David M., additional, Kleinböhl, Armin, additional, Trokhimovskiy, Alexander, additional, Korablev, Oleg I, additional, Montmessin, Franck, additional, Lefèvre, Franck, additional, Baggio, Lucio, additional, Alday, Juan, additional, Belyaev, Denis A., additional, Holmes, James A., additional, Mason, Jonathon P., additional, Streeter, Paul M., additional, Rajendran, Kylash, additional, Patel, Manish R, additional, Patrakeev, Andrey, additional, and Shakun, Alexey, additional

Published
2024
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6. The chlorine cycle on Mars: What do we know after three Mars years of observation with ACS on TGO?

Author

Olsen, Kevin S., primary, Trokhimovskiy, Alexander, additional, Fedorova, Anna A., additional, Kleinbohl, Armin, additional, Lefèvre, Franck, additional, Montmessin, Franck, additional, Korablev, Oleg I., additional, Alday, Juan, additional, Baggio, Lucio, additional, Belyaev, Denis A., additional, Patrakeev, Andrey S., additional, Shakun, Alexey, additional, and Patel, Manish, additional

Published
2023
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7. Photochemistry on Mars reduces the abundance of heavy isotopes in atmospheric CO and their escape efficiency to space

Author

Alday, Juan, primary, Trokhimovskiy, Alexander, additional, Patel, Manish, additional, Fedorova, Anna, additional, Lefèvre, Franck, additional, Montmessin, Franck, additional, Holmes, James, additional, Rajendran, Kylash, additional, Mason, Jon, additional, Olsen, Kevin, additional, Belyaev, Denis, additional, Korablev, Oleg, additional, Baggio, Lucio, additional, Patrakeev, Andrey, additional, and Shakun, Alexey, additional

Published
2023
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8. A Two‐Martian Years Survey of the Water Vapor Saturation State on Mars Based on ACS NIR/TGO Occultations

Author

Fedorova, Anna, primary, Montmessin, Franck, additional, Trokhimovskiy, Alexander, additional, Luginin, Mikhail, additional, Korablev, Oleg, additional, Alday, Juan, additional, Belyaev, Denis, additional, Holmes, James, additional, Lefevre, Franck, additional, Olsen, Kevin, additional, Patrakeev, Andrey, additional, and Shakun, Alexey, additional

Published
2022
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9. Upper limits on volcanic gases in the Martian atmosphere from the ACS MIR instrument

Author

Braude, Ashwin, primary, Montmessin, Franck, additional, Olsen, Kevin, additional, Trokhimovskiy, Alexander, additional, Korablev, Oleg, additional, Lefèvre, Franck, additional, Fedorova, Anna, additional, Alday, Juan, additional, Baggio, Lucio, additional, Irbah, Abdanour, additional, Lacombe, Gaetan, additional, Forget, François, additional, Millour, Ehouarn, additional, Wilson, Colin, additional, Patrakeev, Andrey, additional, and Shakun, Alexey, additional

Published
2022
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10. Measurements of HDO and the D/H ratio in the Martian atmosphere from ACS MIR

Author

Braude, Ashwin, primary, Montmessin, Franck, additional, Olsen, Kevin, additional, Vals, Margaux, additional, Alday, Juan, additional, Rossi, Loïc, additional, Trokhimovskiy, Alexander, additional, Fedorova, Anna, additional, Schmidt, Frédéric, additional, Korablev, Oleg, additional, Lefèvre, Franck, additional, Baggio, Lucio, additional, Irbah, Abdanour, additional, Lacombe, Gaetan, additional, Patrakeev, Andrey, additional, and Shakun, Alexey, additional

Published
2022
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11. A Four-Year Search of Methane on Mars with ACS onboard ExoMars TGO

Author

Montmessin, Franck, primary, Korablev, Oleg, additional, Trokhimovskiy, Alexander, additional, Olsen, Kevin, additional, Lefèvre, Franck, additional, Baggio, Lucio, additional, Braude, Ashwin, additional, Fedorova, Anna, additional, Knutsen, Elise, additional, Irbah, Abdanour, additional, Lacombe, Gaétan, additional, Patrakeev, Andrey, additional, and Shakun, Alexey, additional

Published
2022
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12. Climatology of the CO Vertical Distribution on Mars Based on ACS TGO Measurements

Author

Fedorova, Anna, primary, Trokhimovskiy, Alexander, additional, Lefèvre, Franck, additional, Olsen, Kevin S., additional, Korablev, Oleg, additional, Montmessin, Franck, additional, Ignatiev, Nikolay, additional, Lomakin, Alexander, additional, Forget, Francois, additional, Belyaev, Denis, additional, Alday, Juan, additional, Luginin, Mikhail, additional, Smith, Michael, additional, Patrakeev, Andrey, additional, Shakun, Alexey, additional, and Grigoriev, Alexey, additional

Published
2022
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15. A two-Martian year survey of the water vapor saturation state on Mars based on ACS NIR/TGO occultations

Author

Fedorova, Anna A., primary, Montmessin, Franck, additional, Trokhimovskiy, Alexander, additional, Luginin, Mikhail, additional, Korablev, Oleg I, additional, Alday, Juan, additional, Belyaev, Denis A., additional, Holmes, James Andrew, additional, Lefèvre, Franck, additional, Olsen, Kevin Sutherland, additional, Patrakeev, Andrey, additional, and Shakun, Alexey, additional

Published
2022
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16. The Venus infrared atmospheric gases linker instrument concept for solar occultation studies of Venus atmosphere composition and structure onboard the Venus Orbiter Mission of the Indian Space Research Organization

Author

Patrakeev, Andrey, primary, Trokhimovskiy, Alexander, additional, Korablev, Oleg, additional, Montmessin, Franck, additional, Belyaev, Denis, additional, Fedorova, Anna, additional, Maloreau, Sandrine, additional, Guignan, Gabriel, additional, Ivanov, Yuriy, additional, and Kalinnikov, Yuiy, additional

Published
2022
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18. Seasonal changes in the vertical structure of ozone in the Martian lower atmosphere and its relationship to water vapour

Author

Olsen, Kevin, primary, Fedorova, Anna, additional, Trokhimovskiy, Alexander, additional, Montmessin, Franck, additional, Lefèvre, Franck, additional, Korablev, Oleg, additional, Baggio, Lucio, additional, Forget, Francois, additional, Millour, Ehouarn, additional, Bierjon, Antoine, additional, Alday, Juan, additional, Wilson, Colin, additional, Irwin, Patrick, additional, Belyaev, Denis, additional, Patrakeev, Andrey, additional, and Shakun, Alexey, additional

Published
2022
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19. Climatology of the CO vertical distribution on Mars based on ACS TGO measurements

Author

Fedorova, Anna A., primary, Trokhimovskiy, Alexander, additional, Lefèvre, Franck, additional, Olsen, Kevin S., additional, Korablev, Oleg I, additional, Montmessin, Franck, additional, Ignatiev, Nikolay I., additional, Lomakin, Alexander A, additional, Forget, Francois, additional, Belyaev, Denis A., additional, Alday, Juan, additional, Luginin, Mikhail, additional, Patrakeev, Andrey, additional, Shakun, Alexey V., additional, and Grigoriev, Alexey, additional

Published
2022
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20. A Two‐Martian Years Survey of the Water Vapor Saturation State on Mars Based on ACS NIR/TGO Occultations.

Author

Fedorova, Anna, Montmessin, Franck, Trokhimovskiy, Alexander, Luginin, Mikhail, Korablev, Oleg, Alday, Juan, Belyaev, Denis, Holmes, James, Lefevre, Franck, Olsen, Kevin, Patrakeev, Andrey, and Shakun, Alexey

Subjects
ATMOSPHERIC chemistry, WATER vapor, ATMOSPHERIC boundary layer, MARTIAN atmosphere, NEAR infrared radiation, MARS (Planet), DUST storms
Abstract

On Mars, condensation is the major factor constraining the vertical distribution of water vapor. Recent measurements of water and temperature profiles showed that water can be strongly supersaturated at and above the level where clouds form during the aphelion and perihelion seasons. Since 2018, the near‐infrared spectrometer (NIR) of the Atmospheric Chemistry Suite onboard the Trace Gas Orbiter has measured H2O and temperature profiles using solar occultation in the infrared from below 10 to 100 km of altitude. Here, we provide the first long‐term monitoring of the water saturation state. The survey spans 2 Martian years from Ls = 163° of MY34 to Ls = 170° of MY36. We found that water is often supersaturated above aerosol layers. In the aphelion season, the water mixing ratio above 40 km in the mid‐to‐high latitudes was below 3 ppmv and yet is found to be supersaturated. Around the perihelion, water is also supersaturated above 60 km with a mixing ratio of 30–50 ppmv. Stronger saturation is observed during the dusty season in MY35 compared to what was observed in MY34 during the Global Dust Storm and around the perihelion. Saturation varied between the evening and morning terminators in response to temperature modulation imparted by thermal tides. Although water vapor is more abundant in the evening, colder morning temperatures induce a daily peak of saturation. This data set establishes a new paradigm for water vapor on Mars, revealing that supersaturation is nearly ubiquitous, particularly during the dust season, thereby promoting water escape on an annual average. Plain Language Summary: The rate of water loss from Mars depends on hydrogen, the main product of the H2O photodissociation escaping from the upper atmosphere. The ability of water to reach high altitudes and to be a direct source of atomic hydrogen is limited by cloud formation, which holds water vapor in the lower atmosphere. This process is regulated by temperature and pressure. Condensation starts when the temperature is cold enough and condensation nuclei (CN) (e.g., small dust particles) are available. If CN are lacking, or their sizes are too small, or the temperature drops too fast, then water vapor becomes supersaturated. Recent studies have shown that Martian water vapor is often supersaturated. Here, we present the first seasonal cycle of the saturation state from simultaneous measurements of water and temperature during two Martian years by Atmospheric Chemistry Suite on the Trace Gas Orbiter. Our results show that supersaturation is typical on Mars. It occurs above clouds both in the aphelion and perihelion seasons as well as in the lower polar atmosphere. We demonstrate supersaturation to be an important factor facilitating the escape of water. Unlike the Earth, water easily penetrates the upper atmosphere and reaches photodissociation altitudes. Key Points: Long‐term observations of H2O saturation state in the atmosphere of Mars show that supersaturation is nearly ubiquitous above aerosol layersDuring the dusty season, the supersaturation is stronger in MY35 compared to MY34More water was found in the evening terminator and stronger supersaturation in the morning terminator [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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21. Publisher Correction: No detection of methane on Mars from early ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter observations

Author

Korablev, Oleg, Vandaele, Ann Carine, Montmessin, Franck, Fedorova, Anna A., Trokhimovskiy, Alexander, Forget, François, Lefèvre, Franck, Daerden, Frank, Thomas, Ian R., Trompet, Loïc, Erwin, Justin T., Aoki, Shohei, Robert, Séverine, Neary, Lori, Viscardy, Sébastien, Grigoriev, Alexey V., Ignatiev, Nikolay I., Shakun, Alexey, Patrakeev, Andrey, Belyaev, Denis A., Bertaux, Jean-Loup, Olsen, Kevin S., Baggio, Lucio, Alday, Juan, Ivanov, Yuriy S., Ristic, Bojan, Mason, Jon, Willame, Yannick, Depiesse, Cédric, Hetey, Laszlo, Berkenbosch, Sophie, Clairquin, Roland, Queirolo, Claudio, Beeckman, Bram, Neefs, Eddy, Patel, Manish R., Bellucci, Giancarlo, López-Moreno, Jose-Juan, Wilson, Colin F., Etiope, Giuseppe, Zelenyi, Lev, Svedhem, Håkan, Vago, Jorge L., and The ACS and NOMAD Science Teams

Published
2019
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22. Publisher Correction: Martian dust storm impact on atmospheric H2O and D/H observed by ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter

Author

Vandaele, Ann Carine, Korablev, Oleg, Daerden, Frank, Aoki, Shohei, Thomas, Ian R., Altieri, Francesca, López-Valverde, Miguel, Villanueva, Geronimo, Liuzzi, Giuliano, Smith, Michael D., Erwin, Justin T., Trompet, Loïc, Fedorova, Anna A., Montmessin, Franck, Trokhimovskiy, Alexander, Belyaev, Denis A., Ignatiev, Nikolay I., Luginin, Mikhail, Olsen, Kevin S., Baggio, Lucio, Alday, Juan, Bertaux, Jean-Loup, Betsis, Daria, Bolsée, David, Clancy, R. Todd, Cloutis, Edward, Depiesse, Cédric, Funke, Bernd, Garcia-Comas, Maia, Gérard, Jean-Claude, Giuranna, Marco, Gonzalez-Galindo, Francisco, Grigoriev, Alexey V., Ivanov, Yuriy S., Kaminski, Jacek, Karatekin, Ozgur, Lefèvre, Franck, Lewis, Stephen, López-Puertas, Manuel, Mahieux, Arnaud, Maslov, Igor, Mason, Jon, Mumma, Michael J., Neary, Lori, Neefs, Eddy, Patrakeev, Andrey, Patsaev, Dmitry, Ristic, Bojan, Robert, Séverine, Schmidt, Frédéric, Shakun, Alexey, Teanby, Nicholas A., Viscardy, Sébastien, Willame, Yannick, Whiteway, James, Wilquet, Valérie, Wolff, Michael J., Bellucci, Giancarlo, Patel, Manish R., López-Moreno, Jose-Juan, Forget, François, Wilson, Colin F., Young, Roland, Svedhem, Håkan, Vago, Jorge L., Rodionov, Daniel, NOMAD Science Team, and ACS Science Team

Published
2019
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23. Isotopic Composition of CO 2 in the Atmosphere of Mars: Fractionation by Diffusive Separation Observed by the ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter

Author

Alday, Juan, primary, Wilson, Colin F., additional, Irwin, Patrick G. J., additional, Trokhimovskiy, Alexander, additional, Montmessin, Franck, additional, Fedorova, Anna A., additional, Belyaev, Denis A., additional, Olsen, Kevin S., additional, Korablev, O., additional, Lefèvre, Franck, additional, Braude, Ashwin S., additional, Baggio, Lucio, additional, Patrakeev, Andrey, additional, and Shakun, Alexey, additional

Published
2021
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25. CO and O2 in the Martian atmosphere with ACS NIR onboard TGO.

Author

Fedorova, Anna, primary, Lefèvre, Franck, additional, Trokhimovskiy, Alexander, additional, Korablev, Oleg, additional, Montmessin, Franck, additional, Forget, Francois, additional, Olsen, Kevin, additional, Luginin, Mikhail, additional, Lomakin, Alexander, additional, Ignatiev, Nikolay, additional, Belyaev, Denis, additional, Patrakeev, Andrey, additional, and Alday, Juan, additional

Published
2021
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26. Transient HCl in the atmosphere of Mars

Author

Korablev, Oleg, primary, Olsen, Kevin S., additional, Trokhimovskiy, Alexander, additional, Lefèvre, Franck, additional, Montmessin, Franck, additional, Fedorova, Anna A., additional, Toplis, Michael J., additional, Alday, Juan, additional, Belyaev, Denis A., additional, Patrakeev, Andrey, additional, Ignatiev, Nikolay I., additional, Shakun, Alexey V., additional, Grigoriev, Alexey V., additional, Baggio, Lucio, additional, Abdenour, Irbah, additional, Lacombe, Gaetan, additional, Ivanov, Yury S., additional, Aoki, Shohei, additional, Thomas, Ian R., additional, Daerden, Frank, additional, Ristic, Bojan, additional, Erwin, Justin T., additional, Patel, Manish, additional, Bellucci, Giancarlo, additional, Lopez-Moreno, Jose-Juan, additional, and Vandaele, Ann C., additional

Published
2021
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28. Photolysis controls the isotopic composition of water products escaping Mars’ atmosphere

Author

Alday, Juan, primary, Trokhimovskiy, Alexander, additional, Irwin, Patrick, additional, Wilson, Colin, additional, Montmessin, Franck, additional, Lefèvre, Franck, additional, Fedorova, Anna, additional, Belyaev, Denys, additional, Olsen, Kevin, additional, Korablev, Oleg, additional, Vals, Margaux, additional, Rossi, Loïc, additional, Baggio, Lucio, additional, Bertaux, Jean-Loup, additional, Patrakeev, Andrey, additional, and Shakun, Alexey, additional

Published
2021
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29. The distribution and saturation of water vapor with ACS/TGO for first Martian year of observations

Author

Fedorova, Anna, Montmessin, Franck, Korablev, Oleg, Luginin, Mikhail, Trokhimovskiy, Alexander, Belyaev, Denis, Alday, Juan, Ignatiev, Nikolay, Lefèvre, Franck, Olsen, Kevin, Millour, Ehouarn, Bertaux, Jean-Loup, Shakun, Alexey, Grigoriev, Alexey, Patrakeev, Andrey, Korsa, Svyatoslav, Wilson, Colin, Forget, François, Määttänen, Anni, Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IKI), Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), PLANETO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Department of Physics [Oxford], University of Oxford [Oxford], Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), and Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics [Oxford] (AOPP)

Subjects
[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]
Abstract

International audience; The water vapour vertical distribution is an eloquent gauge of the relative roles of the various sources, sinks and processes that control the Martian water cycle. However, its behaviour is still poorly studied while it is instrument for our understanding of the loss of water from Mars to space, which results from the transport of water to the upper atmosphere where it is disassociated to hydrogen atoms that later escape. We use the Atmospheric Chemistry Suite on the ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter to characterize the water distribution with altitude. Here we present results of the Atmospheric Chemistry Suite (ACS) instrument NIR channel for the first year of TGO observations covering the almost full year from Ls 160° of the Martian year 34 (April 2018) to Ls 130° of the Martian year 35 (January 2020). Simultaneous measurements of the water vapour mixing ratio, temperature and dust vertical distribution and formation of water ice clouds allow us to constrain the complex water behaviour and estimate the saturation state of H2O. Water profiles during the 2018-2019 southern spring and summer stormy seasons show that high altitude water is preferentially supplied close to perihelion and that large supersaturation occurs even when clouds are present. Here we attempt to complete the story by studying water vapor during the northern spring and summer to explore whether saturation impacts water transport between hemispheres in this season. The data analysis of MY35 was supported by RSF (project No. 20-42-09035).

Published
2020

30. Near-infrared high-resolution solar spectrum from ACS NIR onboard TGO

Author

Gizatullin, Karim, Trokhimovskiy, Alexander, Fedorova, Anna, Bertaux, Jean-Loup, Spite, Monique, Lomakin, Alexander, Patrakeev, Andrey, Montmessin, Franck, Korablev, Oleg, Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IKI), Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology [Moscow] (MIPT), PLANETO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Galaxies, Etoiles, Physique, Instrumentation (GEPI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDU.ASTR.SR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Solar and Stellar Astrophysics [astro-ph.SR]
Abstract

International audience; The Atmospheric Chemistry Suite (ACS) is Russian contribution to ESA-Roscosmos ExoMars 2016 Trace Gas Orbiter (TGO) mission [1, 2]. It arrived at Mars in October 2016. ACS is a package of three highly sensitive infrared spectrometers with high resolve power (>10,000) and covers from 0.7 to 17µm-the visible to thermal infrared range. In this work, we present results for high-resolution solar spectra observed by ACS NIR instrument in the near-infrared range.

Published
2019

32. HCl in the atmosphere of Mars: first detection of a halide gas

Author

Olsen, Kevin S., primary, Trokhimovskiy, Alexander, additional, Korablev, Oleg, additional, Lefèvre, Franck, additional, Montmessin, Franck, additional, Fedorova, Anna A., additional, Alday, Juan, additional, Belyaev, Denis A., additional, Lucio, Baggio, additional, Patrakeev, Andrey, additional, Grigoriev, Alexey, additional, and Shakun, Alexey, additional

Published
2020
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33. Hunting for Methane on Mars: one Martian year of survey with ACS on TGO

Author

Montmessin, Franck, primary, Korablev, Oleg, additional, Fedorova, Anna A., additional, Trokhimovskiy, Alexander V., additional, Lefevre, Franck, additional, Baggio, Lucio, additional, Belyaev, Denis A., additional, Olsen, Kevin, additional, Alday, Juan, additional, Irbah, Abdenour, additional, Lacombe, Gaetan, additional, Patrakeev, Andrey, additional, Teinturier, Lucas, additional, Ignatiev, Nikolay, additional, Luginin, Mikhail, additional, Shakun, Alexey, additional, Guerlet, Sandrine, additional, Forget, François, additional, Millour, Ehouarn, additional, and Wilson, Colin F., additional

Published
2020
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34. HCl in the atmosphere of Mars: chlorine isotopic ratio

Author

Trokhimovskiy, Alexander, primary, Olsen, Kevin, additional, Korablev, Oleg, additional, Montmessin, Franck, additional, Lefevre, Franck, additional, Fedorova, Anna, additional, Alday Parejo, Juan, additional, Beliaev, Denis, additional, Patrakeev, Andrey, additional, and Shakun, Alexey, additional

Published
2020
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35. Isotopic Composition of CO2 in the Atmosphere of Mars: Fractionation by Diffusive Separation Observed by the ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter.

Author

Alday, Juan, Wilson, Colin F., Irwin, Patrick G. J., Trokhimovskiy, Alexander, Montmessin, Franck, Fedorova, Anna A., Belyaev, Denis A., Olsen, Kevin S., Korablev, O., Lefèvre, Franck, Braude, Ashwin S., Baggio, Lucio, Patrakeev, Andrey, and Shakun, Alexey

Subjects
ISOTOPES, ATMOSPHERIC carbon dioxide, PLANETARY atmospheres, ATMOSPHERIC chemistry, MARS (Planet)
Abstract

Isotopic ratios in atmospheric CO2 are shaped by various processes throughout Mars' history, and can help understand what the atmosphere of early Mars was like to sustain liquid water on its surface. In this study, we monitor the O and C isotopic composition of CO2 between 70 and 130 km for more than half a Martian year using solar occultation observations by the Atmospheric Chemistry Suite onboard the ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter. We find the vertical trends of the isotopic ratios to be consistent with the expectations from diffusive separation above the homopause, with average values below this altitude being consistent with Earth‐like fractionation (δ13C = −3 ± 37‰; δ18O = −29 ± 38‰; and δ17O = −11 ± 41‰). Using these measurements, we estimate that at least 20%–40% of primordial C on Mars has escaped to space throughout history. The total amount of C lost from the atmosphere is likely to be well in excess of this lower limit, due to carbonate formation and further sink processes. In addition, we propose a photochemical transfer of light O from H2O to CO2 to explain the larger enrichment in the O18/O16 ${}^{18}\mathrm{O}/{}^{16}\mathrm{O}$ ratio in H2O than in CO2. Plain Language Summary: There is ample evidence suggesting that liquid water was abundant on the surface of Mars in the past. However, climatic conditions on early Mars must have been very different from the ones we observe today to sustain liquid water on its surface. The ratios of the heavy and light isotopes in different species provide a very useful tool to estimate the early climate of Mars. In this study, we monitor the isotopic ratios of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere of Mars to provide more accurate estimates of these. With our measurements, and in context with previous studies, we estimate that at least 20%–40% of the carbon reservoir has been lost to space throughout Martian history. This, together with the sequestration of atmospheric C on the surface in the form of minerals, is consistent with the idea that the atmosphere of early Mars was denser than the one we observe today. Key Points: Isotopic ratios in CO2 are observed to be consistent with telluric standards and to fractionate by diffusive separation above the homopauseAt least 20%–40% of the C reservoir has escaped to space throughout Martian historyThe higher 18O/16O ratio in H2O than in CO2 may be explained by a photochemical transfer of lighter O from H2O to CO2 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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37. The distribution and saturation of water vapor as inferred from ACS during the first Martian year of TGO Science observations

Author

Fedorova, Anna, primary, Montmessin, Franck, additional, Korablev, Oleg, additional, Luginin, Mikhail, additional, Trokhimovskiy, Alexander, additional, Belyaev, Denis, additional, Alday, Juan, additional, Ignatiev, Nikolay, additional, Lefevre, Franck, additional, Olsen, Kevin, additional, Millour, Ehouarn, additional, Bertaux, Jean-Loup, additional, Shakun, Alexey, additional, Grigoriev, Alexey, additional, Patrakeev, Andrey, additional, Korsa, Svyatoslav, additional, Wilson, Colin, additional, Forget, Francois, additional, and Maattanen, Anna, additional

Published
2020
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38. Stormy water on Mars: The distribution and saturation of atmospheric water during the dusty season

Author

Fedorova, Anna A., primary, Montmessin, Franck, additional, Korablev, Oleg, additional, Luginin, Mikhail, additional, Trokhimovskiy, Alexander, additional, Belyaev, Denis A., additional, Ignatiev, Nikolay I., additional, Lefèvre, Franck, additional, Alday, Juan, additional, Irwin, Patrick G. J., additional, Olsen, Kevin S., additional, Bertaux, Jean-Loup, additional, Millour, Ehouarn, additional, Määttänen, Anni, additional, Shakun, Alexey, additional, Grigoriev, Alexey V., additional, Patrakeev, Andrey, additional, Korsa, Svyatoslav, additional, Kokonkov, Nikita, additional, Baggio, Lucio, additional, Forget, Francois, additional, and Wilson, Colin F., additional

Published
2020
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39. Martian dust storm impact on atmospheric H2O and D/H observed by ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter

Author

Vandaele, Ann Carine, Korablev, Oleg, Daerden, Frank, Aoki, Shohei, Thomas, Ian R., ALTIERI, FRANCESCA, López-Valverde, Miguel, Villanueva, Geronimo, Liuzzi, Giuliano, Smith, Michael D., Erwin, Justin T., Trompet, Loïc, Fedorova, Anna A., Montmessin, Franck, Trokhimovskiy, Alexander, Belyaev, Denis A., Ignatiev, Nikolay I., Luginin, Mikhail, Olsen, Kevin S., Baggio, Lucio, Alday, Juan, Bertaux, Jean-Loup, Betsis, Daria, Bolsée, David, Clancy, R. Todd, CLOUTIS, EDWARD, Depiesse, Cédric, Funke, Bernd, Garcia-Comas, Maia, Gérard, Jean-Claude, GIURANNA, MARCO, Gonzalez-Galindo, Francisco, Grigoriev, Alexey V., Ivanov, Yuriy S., Kaminski, Jacek, Karatekin, Ozgur, Lefèvre, Franck, Lewis, Stephen, López-Puertas, Manuel, Mahieux, Arnaud, Maslov, Igor, Mason, Jon, Mumma, Michael J., Neary, Lori, Neefs, Eddy, Patrakeev, Andrey, Patsaev, Dmitry, Ristic, Bojan, Robert, Séverine, Schmidt, Frédéric, Shakun, Alexey, Teanby, Nicholas A., Viscardy, Sébastien, Willame, Yannick, Whiteway, James, Wilquet, Valérie, Wolff, Michael J., BELLUCCI, Giancarlo, Patel, Manish R., López-Moreno, Jose-Juan, Forget, François, Wilson, Colin F., Svedhem, Håkan, Vago, Jorge L., Rodionov, Daniel, NOMAD Science Team, Alonso-Rodrigo, Gustavo, Bauduin, Sophie, Carrozzo, Giacomo, Crismani, Matteo, da Pieve, Fabiana, D'AVERSA, EMILIANO, Etiope, Giuseppe, Fussen, Didier, Geminale, Anna, Gkouvelis, Leo, Holmes, James, Hubert, Benoît, Ignatiev, Nicolay I., Kasaba, Yasumasa, Kass, David, Kleinböhl, Armin, LANCIANO, ORIETTA, Nakagawa, Hiromu, Novak, Robert E., Oliva, Fabrizio, Piccialli, Arianna, Renotte, Etienne, Ritter, Birgit, Schneider, Nick, SINDONI, Giuseppe, Thiemann, Ed, Vander Auwera, Jean, Wilquet, Valerie, WOLKENBERG, PAULINA MARIA, Yelle, Roger, ACS Science Team, Anufreychik, Konstantin, Arnold, Gabriele, Duxbury, Natalia, Fouchet, Thierry, GRASSI, Davide, Guerlet, Sandrine, Hartogh, Paul, Khatuntsev, Igor, Kokonkov, Nikita, Krasnopolsky, Vladimir, Kuzmin, Ruslan, Lacombe, Gaétan, Lellouch, Emmanuel, Määttänen, Anni, Marcq, Emmanuel, Martin-Torres, Javier, Medvedev, Alexander, Millour, Ehouarn, Moshkin, Boris, Quantin-Nataf, Cathy, Rodin, Alexander, Shematovich, Valery, Thomas, Nicolas, Trokhimovsky, Alexander, Vazquez, Luis, Vincendon, Matthieu, Young, Roland, Zasova, Ludmila, Zelenyi, Lev, Zorzano, Maria Paz, Parejo, J, Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy / Institut d'Aéronomie Spatiale de Belgique (BIRA-IASB), Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IKI), Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Main Astronomical Observatory of NAS of Ukraine (MAO), National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NASU), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), European Space Agency (ESA), Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali - INAF (IAPS), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Instituto Universitario de Microgravedad 'Ignacio Da Riva' (IDR), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Spectroscopie de l'atmosphère, Service de Chimie Quantique et Photophysique, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Space Science Institute [Boulder] (SSI), Department of Geography [Winnipeg], University of Winnipeg, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Laboratoire de Physique Atmosphérique et Planétaire (LPAP), Université de Liège, School of Physical Sciences [Milton Keynes], Faculty of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics [Milton Keynes], The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU)-The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU), Institute of Geophysics [Warsaw], Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), Royal Observatory of Belgium [Brussels] (ROB), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI), Graduate School of Information Sciences [Sendai], Tohoku University [Sendai], Advanced Mechanical and Optical Systems SA (AMOS), Géosciences Paris Sud (GEOPS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics [Boulder] (LASP), University of Colorado [Boulder], School of Earth Sciences [Bristol], University of Bristol [Bristol], Centre for Research in Earth and Space Science [Toronto] (CRESS), York University [Toronto], Lunar and Planetary Laboratory [Tucson] (LPL), University of Arizona, Department of Physics [Oxford], University of Oxford [Oxford], DLR Institut für Planetenforschung, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Berlin] (DLR), PLANETO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA (UMR_8109)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung (MPS), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Institute for Astrophysics and Computational Sciences [Washington], Catholic University of America, Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering [Luleå], Luleå University of Technology (LUT), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement [Lyon] (LGL-TPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology [Moscow] (MIPT), Institute of Astronomy of the Russian Academy of Sciences (INASAN), University of Bern, Universidad Complutense de Madrid = Complutense University of Madrid [Madrid] (UCM), Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centro de Astrobiologia [Madrid] (CAB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC), Université Libre de Bruxelles [Bruxelles] (ULB), The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU), Polska Akademia Nauk (PAN), Royal Observatory of Belgium [Brussels], IMPEC - LATMOS, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidad Complutense de Madrid [Madrid] (UCM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC)-Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA), Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA), University of Oxford, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung = Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research (MPS), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), European Space Agency, Belgian Science Policy Office, European Commission, UK Space Agency, Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles), Roscosmos, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), and Russian Government

Subjects
Martian, Ice cloud, Multidisciplinary, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Storm, Atmosphere of Mars, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Trace gas, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Dust storm, 0103 physical sciences, Environmental science, Semiheavy water, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Water vapor, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Sciences exactes et naturelles
Abstract

A publisher correction to this article was published on 17 April 2019, Global dust storms on Mars are rare1,2 but can affect the Martian atmosphere for several months. They can cause changes in atmospheric dynamics and inflation of the atmosphere3, primarily owing to solar heating of the dust3. In turn, changes in atmospheric dynamics can affect the distribution of atmospheric water vapour, with potential implications for the atmospheric photochemistry and climate on Mars4. Recent observations of the water vapour abundance in the Martian atmosphere during dust storm conditions revealed a high-altitude increase in atmospheric water vapour that was more pronounced at high northern latitudes5,6, as well as a decrease in the water column at low latitudes7,8. Here we present concurrent, high-resolution measurements of dust, water and semiheavy water (HDO) at the onset of a global dust storm, obtained by the NOMAD and ACS instruments onboard the ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter. We report the vertical distribution of the HDO/H2O ratio (D/H) from the planetary boundary layer up to an altitude of 80 kilometres. Our findings suggest that before the onset of the dust storm, HDO abundances were reduced to levels below detectability at altitudes above 40 kilometres. This decrease in HDO coincided with the presence of water-ice clouds. During the storm, an increase in the abundance of H2O and HDO was observed at altitudes between 40 and 80 kilometres. We propose that these increased abundances may be the result of warmer temperatures during the dust storm causing stronger atmospheric circulation and preventing ice cloud formation, which may confine water vapour to lower altitudes through gravitational fall and subsequent sublimation of ice crystals3. The observed changes in H2O and HDO abundance occurred within a few days during the development of the dust storm, suggesting a fast impact of dust storms on the Martian atmosphere. © 2019, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited., This project acknowledges funding by the Belgian Science Policy Office (BELSPO), with financial and contractual coordination by the ESA Prodex Office (PEA 4000103401, 4000121493); by the Spanish MICINN through its Plan Nacional and by European funds under grants ESP2015-65064-C2-1-P and ESP2017-87143-R (MINECO/FEDER); by the UK Space Agency through grants ST/R005761/1, ST/P001262/1, ST/R001405/1, ST/S00145X/1, ST/R001367/1, ST/P001572/1 and ST/R001502/1; and the Italian Space Agency through grant 2018-2-HH.0. The IAA/CSIC team acknowledges financial support from the State Agency for Research of the Spanish MCIU through the 'Center of Excellence Severo Ochoa' award for the Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia (SEV-2017-0709). This work was supported by the Belgian Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique - FNRS under grant number 30442502 (ET_HOME). The ACS experiment is led by IKI, Space Research Institute in Moscow, assisted by LATMOS in France. The project acknowledges funding by Roscosmos and CNES. The science operations of ACS are funded by Roscosmos and ESA. IKI affiliates acknowledge funding under grant number 14.W03.31.0017 and contract number 0120.0 602993 (0028-2014-0004) of the Russian government.

Published
2019

40. No detection of methane on Mars from early ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter observations

Author

Korablev, Oleg, Avandaele, Ann Carine, Montmessin, Franck, Fedorova, Anna A., Trokhimovskiy, Alexander, Forget, François, Lefèvre, Franck, Daerden, Frank, Thomas, Ian R., Trompet, Loïc, Erwin, Justin T., Kasaba, Yasumasa, Kass, David, Khatuntsev, Igor, Kleinböhl, Armin, Kokonkov, Nikita, Krasnopolsky, Vladimir, Kuzmin, Ruslan, Lacombe, Gaétan, LANCIANO, ORIETTA, Lellouch, Emmanuel, Oliva, Fabrizio, Lewis, Stephen, Luginin, Mikhail, Liuzzi, Giuliano, López-Puertas, Manuel, López-Valverde, Miguel, Määttänen, Anni, Mahieux, Arnaud, Marcq, Emmanuel, Martin-Torres, Javier, Maslov, Igor, Patsaev, Dmitry, Medvedev, Alexander, Millour, Ehouarn, Moshkin, Boris, Mumma, Michael J., Nakagawa, Hiromu, Novak, Robert E., Piccialli, Arianna, Quantin-Nataf, Cathy, Renotte, Etienne, Ritter, Birgit, Rodin, Alexander, Schmidt, Frédéric, Schneider, Nick, Shematovich, Valery, Aoki, Shohei, Smith, Michael D., Teanby, Nicholas A., Thiemann, Ed, Thomas, Nicolas, Vander Auwera, Jean, Vazquez, Luis, Villanueva, Geronimo, Vincendon, Matthieu, Whiteway, James, Wilquet, Valérie, Robert, Séverine, Wolff, Michael J., WOLKENBERG, PAULINA MARIA, Yelle, Roger, Young, Roland, Zasova, Ludmila, Zorzano, Maria Paz, Neary, Lori, Viscardy, Sébastien, Grigoriev, Alexey V., Ignatiev, Nikolay I., Shakun, Alexey, Patrakeev, Andrey, Belyaev, Denis A., Bertaux, Jean-Loup, Olsen, Kevin S., Baggio, Lucio, Alday, Juan, Ivanov, Yuriy S., Ristic, Bojan, Mason, Jon, Willame, Yannick, Depiesse, Cédric, Hetey, Laszlo, Berkenbosch, Sophie, Clairquin, Roland, Queirolo, Claudio, Beeckman, Bram, Neefs, Eddy, Patel, Manish R., BELLUCCI, Giancarlo, López-Moreno, Jose-Juan, Wilson, Colin F., Etiope, Giuseppe, Zelenyi, Lev, Svedhem, Håkan, Vago, Jorge L., ACS Science Team, NOMAD Science Team, Alonso-Rodrigo, Gustavo, ALTIERI, FRANCESCA, Anufreychik, Konstantin, Arnold, Gabriele, Bauduin, Sophie, Bolsée, David, CARROZZO, FILIPPO GIACOMO, Clancy, R. Todd, CLOUTIS, EDWARD, Crismani, Matteo, da Pieve, Fabiana, D'AVERSA, EMILIANO, Duxbury, Natalia, Encrenaz, Therese, Fouchet, Thierry, Funke, Bernd, Fussen, Didier, Garcia-Comas, Maia, Gérard, Jean-Claude, GIURANNA, MARCO, Gkouvelis, Leo, Gonzalez-Galindo, Francisco, GRASSI, Davide, Guerlet, Sandrine, Hartogh, Paul, Holmes, James, Hubert, Benoît, Kaminski, Jacek, Karatekin, Ozgur, Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IKI), Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy / Institut d'Aéronomie Spatiale de Belgique (BIRA-IASB), PLANETO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Department of Physics [Oxford], University of Oxford [Oxford], Main Astronomical Observatory of NAS of Ukraine (MAO), National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NASU), School of Physical Sciences [Milton Keynes], Faculty of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics [Milton Keynes], The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU)-The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU), Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali - INAF (IAPS), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia - Sezione di Roma (INGV), Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering [Cluj-Napoca], Babes-Bolyai University [Cluj-Napoca] (UBB), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), European Space Agency (ESA), Instituto Universitario de Microgravedad 'Ignacio Da Riva' (IDR), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), DLR Institut für Planetenforschung, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Berlin] (DLR), Spectroscopie de l'atmosphère, Service de Chimie Quantique et Photophysique, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Space Science Institute [Boulder] (SSI), Department of Geography [Winnipeg], University of Winnipeg, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA (UMR_8109)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Atmosphérique et Planétaire (LPAP), Université de Liège, Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung (MPS), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Institute of Geophysics [Warsaw], Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), Royal Observatory of Belgium [Brussels] (ROB), Graduate School of Information Sciences [Sendai], Tohoku University [Sendai], Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Institute for Astrophysics and Computational Sciences [Washington], Catholic University of America, Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI), Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering [Luleå], Luleå University of Technology (LUT), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement [Lyon] (LGL-TPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Advanced Mechanical and Optical Systems SA (AMOS), Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology [Moscow] (MIPT), Géosciences Paris Sud (GEOPS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics [Boulder] (LASP), University of Colorado [Boulder], Institute of Astronomy of the Russian Academy of Sciences (INASAN), School of Earth Sciences [Bristol], University of Bristol [Bristol], University of Bern, Universidad Complutense de Madrid = Complutense University of Madrid [Madrid] (UCM), Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre for Research in Earth and Space Science [Toronto] (CRESS), York University [Toronto], Lunar and Planetary Laboratory [Tucson] (LPL), University of Arizona, Belgian Science Policy Office, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), European Commission, UK Space Agency, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles), Roscosmos, Russian Government, Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, European Space Agency, IMPEC - LATMOS, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC), Université Libre de Bruxelles [Bruxelles] (ULB), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Polska Akademia Nauk (PAN), Royal Observatory of Belgium [Brussels], Universidad Complutense de Madrid [Madrid] (UCM), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), University of Oxford, Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA), Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung = Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research (MPS), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES)

Subjects
Martian, Multidisciplinary, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Chemistry, Atmosphere of Mars, Mars Exploration Program, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Methane, Trace gas, law.invention, Astrobiology, Atmosphere, Orbiter, chemistry.chemical_compound, 13. Climate action, law, Atmospheric chemistry, 0103 physical sciences, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Sciences exactes et naturelles, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

A publisher correction to this article was published on 17 April 2019, The detection of methane on Mars has been interpreted as indicating that geochemical or biotic activities could persist on Mars today1. A number of different measurements of methane show evidence of transient, locally elevated methane concentrations and seasonal variations in background methane concentrations2–5. These measurements, however, are difficult to reconcile with our current understanding of the chemistry and physics of the Martian atmosphere6,7, which—given methane’s lifetime of several centuries—predicts an even, well mixed distribution of methane1,6,8. Here we report highly sensitive measurements of the atmosphere of Mars in an attempt to detect methane, using the ACS and NOMAD instruments onboard the ESA-Roscosmos ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter from April to August 2018. We did not detect any methane over a range of latitudes in both hemispheres, obtaining an upper limit for methane of about 0.05 parts per billion by volume, which is 10 to 100 times lower than previously reported positive detections2,4. We suggest that reconciliation between the present findings and the background methane concentrations found in the Gale crater4 would require an unknown process that can rapidly remove or sequester methane from the lower atmosphere before it spreads globally. © 2019, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited., ExoMars is the space mission of ESA and Roscosmos. The ACS experiment is led by IKI, the Space Research Institute in Moscow, assisted by LATMOS in France. The project acknowledges funding by Roscosmos and CNES. The science operations of ACS are funded by Roscosmos and ESA. IKI affiliates acknowledge funding under grant number 14.W03.31.0017 and contract number 0120.0 602993 (0028-2014-0004) of the Russian government. The NOMAD experiment is led by the Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy (BIRA-IASB), assisted by co-PI teams from Spain (IAA-CSIC), Italy (INAF-IAPS), and the UK (Open University). This project acknowledges funding by the Belgian Science Policy Office (BELSPO), with the financial and contractual coordination of the ESA Prodex Office (PEA 4000103401 and PEA 4000121493), by Spanish MICINN through its Plan Nacional and by European funds under grants ESP2015-65064-C2-1-P and ESP2017-87143-R (MINECO/FEDER), as well as by the UK Space Agency through grants ST/R005761/1, ST/P001262/1, ST/R001405/1, ST/S00145X/1, ST/R001367/1, ST/P001572/1 and ST/R001502/1, and the Italian Space Agency through grant 2018-2-HH.0. This work was supported by the Belgian Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique-FNRS under grant number 30442502 (ET_HOME).

Published
2019

41. Trace gas observations by ACS MIR onboard ExoMars/TGO

Author

Trokhimovski, Alexander, Fedorova, Anna, Korablev, Oleg, Patrakeev, Andrey, Kokonkov, Nikita, Shakun, Alexey, Montmessin, Franck, Lefèvre, Franck, Cardon, Catherine, Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IKI), Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), PLANETO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), and Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)

Subjects
[SDU] Sciences of the Universe [physics], [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]
Abstract

International audience; The Atmospheric Chemistry Suite (ACS) package is a part of Russian contribution to ExoMars 2016 Trace Gas Orbiter (TGO) ESA-Roscosmos mission for studies of the Martian atmosphere and climate [1]. The design of the middle infrared (MIR) channel was optimized to overachieve the primary science goal of the TGO mission by accomplishing the most sensitive measurements ever of the trace gases present in the Martian atmosphere. Having both, high spectral resolution and signal to noise ratio (SNR) of acquired spectra, ACS MIR channel operates in solar occultation in the spectral range of 2.3-4.24 μm.

Published
2019

43. Isotopic Composition of CO2in the Atmosphere of Mars: Fractionation by Diffusive Separation Observed by the ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter

Author

Alday, Juan, Wilson, Colin F., Irwin, Patrick G. J., Trokhimovskiy, Alexander, Montmessin, Franck, Fedorova, Anna A., Belyaev, Denis A., Olsen, Kevin S., Korablev, O., Lefèvre, Franck, Braude, Ashwin S., Baggio, Lucio, Patrakeev, Andrey, and Shakun, Alexey

Abstract

Isotopic ratios in atmospheric CO2are shaped by various processes throughout Mars' history, and can help understand what the atmosphere of early Mars was like to sustain liquid water on its surface. In this study, we monitor the O and C isotopic composition of CO2between 70 and 130 km for more than half a Martian year using solar occultation observations by the Atmospheric Chemistry Suite onboard the ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter. We find the vertical trends of the isotopic ratios to be consistent with the expectations from diffusive separation above the homopause, with average values below this altitude being consistent with Earth‐like fractionation (δ13C = −3 ± 37‰; δ18O = −29 ± 38‰; and δ17O = −11 ± 41‰). Using these measurements, we estimate that at least 20%–40% of primordial C on Mars has escaped to space throughout history. The total amount of C lost from the atmosphere is likely to be well in excess of this lower limit, due to carbonate formation and further sink processes. In addition, we propose a photochemical transfer of light O from H2O to CO2to explain the larger enrichment in the O18/O16${}^{18}\mathrm{O}/{}^{16}\mathrm{O}$ratio in H2O than in CO2. There is ample evidence suggesting that liquid water was abundant on the surface of Mars in the past. However, climatic conditions on early Mars must have been very different from the ones we observe today to sustain liquid water on its surface. The ratios of the heavy and light isotopes in different species provide a very useful tool to estimate the early climate of Mars. In this study, we monitor the isotopic ratios of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere of Mars to provide more accurate estimates of these. With our measurements, and in context with previous studies, we estimate that at least 20%–40% of the carbon reservoir has been lost to space throughout Martian history. This, together with the sequestration of atmospheric C on the surface in the form of minerals, is consistent with the idea that the atmosphere of early Mars was denser than the one we observe today. Isotopic ratios in CO2are observed to be consistent with telluric standards and to fractionate by diffusive separation above the homopauseAt least 20%–40% of the C reservoir has escaped to space throughout Martian historyThe higher 18O/16O ratio in H2O than in CO2may be explained by a photochemical transfer of lighter O from H2O to CO2 Isotopic ratios in CO2are observed to be consistent with telluric standards and to fractionate by diffusive separation above the homopause At least 20%–40% of the C reservoir has escaped to space throughout Martian history The higher 18O/16O ratio in H2O than in CO2may be explained by a photochemical transfer of lighter O from H2O to CO2

Published
2021
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48. Martian dust storm impact on atmospheric H₂O and D/H observed by ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter

Author

Vandaele, Ann Carine, Korablev, Oleg, Daerden, Frank, Aoki, Shohei, Thomas, Ian R., Altieri, Francesca, López-Valverde, Miguel, Villanueva, Geronimo, Liuzzi, Giuliano, Smith, Michael D., Erwin, Justin T., Trompet, Loïc, Fedorova, Anna A., Montmessin, Franck, Trokhimovskiy, Alexander, Belyaev, Denis A., Ignatiev, Nikolay I., Luginin, Mikhail, Olsen, Kevin S., Baggio, Lucio, Alday, Juan, Bertaux, Jean-Loup, Betsis, Daria, Bolsée, David, Clancy, R. Todd, Cloutis, Edward, Depiesse, Cédric, Funke, Bernd, Garcia-Comas, Maia, Gérard, Jean-Claude, Giuranna, Marco, Gonzalez-Galindo, Francisco, Grigoriev, Alexey V., Ivanov, Yuriy S., Kaminski, Jacek, Karatekin, Ozgur, Lefèvre, Franck, Lewis, Stephen, López-Puertas, Manuel, Mahieux, Arnaud, Maslov, Igor, Mason, Jon, Mumma, Michael J., Neary, Lori, Neefs, Eddy, Patrakeev, Andrey, Patsaev, Dmitry, Ristic, Bojan, Robert, Séverine, Schmidt, Frédéric, Shakun, Alexey, Teanby, Nicholas A., Viscardy, Sébastien, Willame, Yannick, Whiteway, James, Wilquet, Valérie, Wolff, Michael J., Bellucci, Giancarlo, Patel, Manish R., López-Moreno, Jose-Juan, Forget, François, Wilson, Colin F., Svedhem, Håkan, Vago, Jorge L., and Rodionov, Daniel

Subjects
13. Climate action, 520 Astronomy, 620 Engineering
Abstract

Global dust storms on Mars are rare but can affect the Martian atmosphere for several months. They can cause changes in atmospheric dynamics and inflation of the atmosphere, primarily owing to solar heating of the dust. In turn, changes in atmospheric dynamics can affect the distribution of atmospheric water vapour, with potential implications for the atmospheric photochemistry and climate on Mars. Recent observations of the water vapour abundance in the Martian atmosphere during dust storm conditions revealed a high-altitude increase in atmospheric water vapour that was more pronounced at high northern latitudes, as well as a decrease in the water column at low latitudes. Here we present concurrent, high-resolution measurements of dust, water and semiheavy water (HDO) at the onset of a global dust storm, obtained by the NOMAD and ACS instruments onboard the ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter. We report the vertical distribution of the HDO/H₂O ratio (D/H) from the planetary boundary layer up to an altitude of 80 kilometres. Our findings suggest that before the onset of the dust storm, HDO abundances were reduced to levels below detectability at altitudes above 40 kilometres. This decrease in HDO coincided with the presence of water-ice clouds. During the storm, an increase in the abundance of H₂O and HDO was observed at altitudes between 40 and 80 kilometres. We propose that these increased abundances may be the result of warmer temperatures during the dust storm causing stronger atmospheric circulation and preventing ice cloud formation, which may confine water vapour to lower altitudes through gravitational fall and subsequent sublimation of ice crystals. The observed changes in H₂O and HDO abundance occurred within a few days during the development of the dust storm, suggesting a fast impact of dust storms on the Martian atmosphere.

49. Martian dust storm impact on atmospheric H 2 O and D/H observed by ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter.

Author

Vandaele AC, Korablev O, Daerden F, Aoki S, Thomas IR, Altieri F, López-Valverde M, Villanueva G, Liuzzi G, Smith MD, Erwin JT, Trompet L, Fedorova AA, Montmessin F, Trokhimovskiy A, Belyaev DA, Ignatiev NI, Luginin M, Olsen KS, Baggio L, Alday J, Bertaux JL, Betsis D, Bolsée D, Clancy RT, Cloutis E, Depiesse C, Funke B, Garcia-Comas M, Gérard JC, Giuranna M, Gonzalez-Galindo F, Grigoriev AV, Ivanov YS, Kaminski J, Karatekin O, Lefèvre F, Lewis S, López-Puertas M, Mahieux A, Maslov I, Mason J, Mumma MJ, Neary L, Neefs E, Patrakeev A, Patsaev D, Ristic B, Robert S, Schmidt F, Shakun A, Teanby NA, Viscardy S, Willame Y, Whiteway J, Wilquet V, Wolff MJ, Bellucci G, Patel MR, López-Moreno JJ, Forget F, Wilson CF, Svedhem H, Vago JL, and Rodionov D

Abstract

Global dust storms on Mars are rare 1,2 but can affect the Martian atmosphere for several months. They can cause changes in atmospheric dynamics and inflation of the atmosphere 3 , primarily owing to solar heating of the dust 3 . In turn, changes in atmospheric dynamics can affect the distribution of atmospheric water vapour, with potential implications for the atmospheric photochemistry and climate on Mars 4 . Recent observations of the water vapour abundance in the Martian atmosphere during dust storm conditions revealed a high-altitude increase in atmospheric water vapour that was more pronounced at high northern latitudes 5,6 , as well as a decrease in the water column at low latitudes 7,8 . Here we present concurrent, high-resolution measurements of dust, water and semiheavy water (HDO) at the onset of a global dust storm, obtained by the NOMAD and ACS instruments onboard the ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter. We report the vertical distribution of the HDO/H 2 O ratio (D/H) from the planetary boundary layer up to an altitude of 80 kilometres. Our findings suggest that before the onset of the dust storm, HDO abundances were reduced to levels below detectability at altitudes above 40 kilometres. This decrease in HDO coincided with the presence of water-ice clouds. During the storm, an increase in the abundance of H 2 O and HDO was observed at altitudes between 40 and 80 kilometres. We propose that these increased abundances may be the result of warmer temperatures during the dust storm causing stronger atmospheric circulation and preventing ice cloud formation, which may confine water vapour to lower altitudes through gravitational fall and subsequent sublimation of ice crystals 3 . The observed changes in H 2 O and HDO abundance occurred within a few days during the development of the dust storm, suggesting a fast impact of dust storms on the Martian atmosphere.

Published
2019
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50. No detection of methane on Mars from early ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter observations.

Author

Korablev O, Vandaele AC, Montmessin F, Fedorova AA, Trokhimovskiy A, Forget F, Lefèvre F, Daerden F, Thomas IR, Trompet L, Erwin JT, Aoki S, Robert S, Neary L, Viscardy S, Grigoriev AV, Ignatiev NI, Shakun A, Patrakeev A, Belyaev DA, Bertaux JL, Olsen KS, Baggio L, Alday J, Ivanov YS, Ristic B, Mason J, Willame Y, Depiesse C, Hetey L, Berkenbosch S, Clairquin R, Queirolo C, Beeckman B, Neefs E, Patel MR, Bellucci G, López-Moreno JJ, Wilson CF, Etiope G, Zelenyi L, Svedhem H, and Vago JL

Abstract

The detection of methane on Mars has been interpreted as indicating that geochemical or biotic activities could persist on Mars today 1 . A number of different measurements of methane show evidence of transient, locally elevated methane concentrations and seasonal variations in background methane concentrations 2-5 . These measurements, however, are difficult to reconcile with our current understanding of the chemistry and physics of the Martian atmosphere 6,7 , which-given methane's lifetime of several centuries-predicts an even, well mixed distribution of methane 1,6,8 . Here we report highly sensitive measurements of the atmosphere of Mars in an attempt to detect methane, using the ACS and NOMAD instruments onboard the ESA-Roscosmos ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter from April to August 2018. We did not detect any methane over a range of latitudes in both hemispheres, obtaining an upper limit for methane of about 0.05 parts per billion by volume, which is 10 to 100 times lower than previously reported positive detections 2,4 . We suggest that reconciliation between the present findings and the background methane concentrations found in the Gale crater 4 would require an unknown process that can rapidly remove or sequester methane from the lower atmosphere before it spreads globally.

Published
2019
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