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To evaluated the relationship between serum vitamin D levels and periodontal healing outcomes in patients with mild or moderate periodontitis.Serum vitamin D levels and periodontal pockets and gingival bleeding were evaluated in 51 patients before and 6 months after non-surgical periodontal treatment. A t-test and chi-square test were used to analyse the data (p ≤ 0.05).The mean reduction of periodontal pocket depth was statistically significant higher in patients with vitamin D ≥30 ng/ml than those with30 ng/ml (CI = -0.23-0.42, p = 0.05), but not clinically significant. Vitamin D level was not associated with the percentage of sites of gingival bleeding on probing at the final evaluation (OR = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.17-1.99, p = 0.39).Lower serum vitamin D level was associated with a slightly reduced periodontal healing after non-surgical periodontal therapy, which should be further investigated in a larger population.

Objetivo: Considerando que a aparência orofacial é um dos resultados mais importantes relatados pelos pacientes odontológicos nas últimas décadas, este estudo avaliou mudanças nas percepções estéticas de pacientes submetidos a tratamento com laminados cerâmicos e o impacto do tratamento sobre a qualidade de vida. Materiais e Métodos: Dezoito pacientes, previamente triados para receberem o tratamento na Associação Brasileira de Odontologia – Bahia/ Brasil, responderam a dois questionários sobre suas percepções estéticas odontológicas; o questionário de escala estética orofacial (EEO) e o questionário de impacto psicossocial da estética orofacial (PIDAQ), antes e após o tratamento. As médias dos escores/notas no início do tratamento foram comparadas com aquelas mensuradas após a instalação dos laminados cerâmicos, usando o teste de Wilcoxon (α=0,05). Resultados: O tratamento (média de 9±1 laminados por indivíduo) teve um impacto positivo nas percepções dos participantes. De acordo com o PIDAQ, o tratamento aumentou significativamente a autoconfiança dental (p=0,002), e reduziu as preocupações estéticas e o impacto psicossocial (p

Our aim was to evaluate resorption of the alveolar ridge using the socket shield technique (SST) without immediate placement of dental implants. This randomised controlled clinical trial included 27 patients: 14 maxillary non-molar teeth were partially extracted using the SST (test group) and 13 were extracted using a minimally traumatic extraction approach (control group). Alterations in height and thickness of the alveolar ridge were evaluated by cone beam computed tomograms taken immediately after, and 100 days after, surgery. Minor resorption was observed in the height of the buccal and palatal plates, without intergroup difference (p ≥ 0.10). The test group showed significantly better preservation of the buccal-to-palatal crest dimension (p ≤ 0.05). In the control group, preservation of buccal plate thickness was significantly greater (p ≤ 0.05), but intragroup vertical resorption of the buccal plate and reduction in the buccal-to-palatal crest distance were greater (p ≤ 0.05). The SST without the immediate placement of implants showed greater preservation of the buccal-to-palatal crest dimension and lower preservation of buccal wall thickness compared with minimally traumatic extraction. In addition, it provided superior maintenance of the baseline buccal wall height. The modified SST is a promising approach, but factors that interfere with the results should be investigated.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) on histomorphological aspects of submandibular gland (SMG) submitted to salivary gland duct obstruction in hypothyroid rats. Fifty-six male Wistar rats (250 to 300 g) were divided into 4 groups (n = 14): euthyroid (EU), EU + PBMT, hypothyroid (HYPO), and HYPO + PBMT. Duct obstruction of the left submandibular gland (LSMG) was performed in all animals by a ligature procedure. For the induction of hypothyroidism, total thyroidectomy was performed. PBMT groups received irradiation with AlGaInP diode laser (808 nm, 0.04 W, 0.04cm2 spot size, 60 s, 2.4 J per point, 60 J/cm2, 1 W/cm2). Irradiation was performed immediately, 24 h, and 48 h after the obstruction of the salivary gland duct, in one point, extra oral and perpendicular to the gland. Animals were sacrificed after 24 h and 72 h after duct ligature. Our results indicated that salivary duct obstruction and hypothyroidism caused negative modifications on the salivary glands’ histomorphology, especially acinar atrophy, after 24 h and 72 h. HYPO + PBMT showed a significant reduction of the inflammatory infiltrate, congested blood vessels, and acinar atrophy in the SMG submandibular salivary gland in 72 h compared to 24 h (p

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo foi avaliar a prevalência e os fatores associados à indicação de exodontia em uma população adulta de índios Kiriri do Nordeste do Brasil. 225 indígenas (≥19 anos) foram avaliados. Os critérios de indicação de exodontia adotados foram: dentes com perda de inserção clínica ≥50%, em pelo menos 3 sítios, e, também, raízes residuais. Modelos estatísticos foram utilizados para avaliar associações entre necessidade de exodontia e as variáveis selecionadas. A porcentagem de dentes com indicação de exodontia foi de 4,98%, caracterizando uma média de 1,24 dente por indivíduo. A análise de regressão mostrou associação positiva entre indicação de exodontia e idade ≥35 anos (OR=2,24, 95%IC: 1,13-4,43, p=0,02), renda

Objective To evaluate bone availability at the infrazygomatic crest for extra-alveolar bone miniscrew insertion in subjects with different vertical and sagittal skeletal patterns. Setting and sample population Measurements of the infrazygomatic crest were performed on multislice computed tomography scans from 58 adults with different skeletal patterns. Materials and methods Infrazygomatic crest bone depth was measured at 4, 5 and 6 mm from the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) of the maxillary first molar at three different angles (60°, 70° and 80°) in the first molar occlusal plane. The sagittal and vertical skeletal patterns were determined. Analysis of variance followed by Tukey's post hoc test was used (P ≤ .05). Results Bone depth was greater near the CEJ (8.7 ± 3.1 mm) and lower in the apical area (5.8 ± 2.7 mm). In Class II subjects, considering 6 mm from the CEJ, there was a significantly lower depth at the 80° angle (5.4 ± 2.5 mm) than at 60° (8.6 ± 3.5 mm; P = .007). In mesofacial subjects, considering 5 and 6 mm from the CEJ, bone depth was lower at 80° (5.7 ± 3.2 mm and 5.3 ± 2.5 mm) than at 60° considering 4 mm from the CEJ (P ≤ .019). Conclusion Bone availability was lower at the apical level, especially in Class II and mesofacial subjects. Therefore, when the planned insertion site is located in the apical direction, it is recommended to choose shorter miniscrews (2.0 x 12mm) and a smaller insertion angle (60°) and/or to plan a miniscrew bone insertion deep enough to allow bicortical fixation.

Salivary gland neoplasms represent an important group of cancers in the head and neck and myoepithelial cells play a key role on the development these tumors. This study evaluated the distribution of mast cells and related proteins (PAR-2, TGFβ1, IL-6) to the myofibroblastic differentiation in malignant tumors of salivary glands with and without myoepithelial differentiation. Immunohistochemical assessement for tryptase mast cells, SMA, PAR-2, TGFβ1, IL-6 was performed in 10 cases of polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma, 14 cases of mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) and 10 cases of adenoid cystic carcinoma. When the density of mast cells were compared between tumors, their density was significantly higher in MEC (P=0.08). Tumors with high expression of PAR-2 (79.4%) exhibited a high density of mast cells. Myofibroblasts were more frequent in malignant tumors with low expression (

Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the effect of 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate on the salivary load of SARS-CoV-2. Materials and methods A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was performed on 100 participants positive for SARS-CoV-2. In the test group (n=50), volunteers gargled with a mouthwash containing 15 mL of 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate for one minute, while the control group (n = 50) used a placebo. Saliva samples were obtained before (baseline) and 5 and 60 minutes after using the solutions. Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assays (qRT-PCR) were carried out and the cycle threshold (Ct) was computed. The chi-square test and t-test were used for group comparison (p≤0.05). Results The differences in Ct values between the 5-minute evaluation and baseline (test group: 2.19±4.30; control: -0.40±3.87, p=0.002) and between 60 minutes and baseline (test group: 2.45±3.88; control: 0.76±4.41, p=0.05) were significantly greater in the test group, revealing a reduction of viral load. Furthermore, there was a reduction in the load of SARS-CoV-2 in 72% of the volunteers using chlorhexidine versus 30% in the control group (p=0.001). Conclusions Chlorhexidine gluconate (0.12%) was effective in reducing salivary SARS-CoV-2 load for at least 60 minutes.

This study was designed to evaluate the accuracy of a novel computer-designed and selectively laser sintered surgical guide for flapless dental implant placement in the edentulous jaw. Fifty dental implants were placed in 11 patients with at least 1 totally edentulous jaw. Initially, cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) was performed in each patient to define the virtual position of the dental implants based on the assessment of bone availability and the proposed dental prosthesis. After virtual planning, 3D surgical guides were printed using selective laser sintering. CBCT was repeated after the surgery, and the pre- and postoperative images were overlapped in computer-assisted design software to compare the planned and actual positions of the dental implants using a 1-sample t test. The mean ± angular standard deviation between the long axes of the planned and final dental implant positions was 4.58° ± 2.85°; the linear deviation in the coronal position was 0.87 ± 0.49 mm and in the apical region of the dental implants was 1.37 ± 0.69 mm. These differences were statistically significant (P < .001). The proposed modifications reduced the deviations, resulting in an improvement in the technique. We were able to place implants and temporary prostheses using the present protocol, taking into account the differences between the planned and final positions of the dental implants.

OBJECTIVE This study investigated components of the Hedgehog (HH) signaling pathway (SHH, GLI1), cyclin D1, and smooth muscle actin (SMA) in central giant cell granulomas (CGCG). The relationship between these proteins and myofibroblasts was also studied. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twelve cases of non-aggressive CGCG and 11 cases of aggressive CGCG were studied using immunohistochemistry for SHH, GLI1, Cyclin D1, and SMA. RESULTS Associations between all proteins in non-aggressive and aggressive CGCG were not significant (P > .05). All cases of CGCG showed significantly higher expression of SMA compared with the other proteins (P

For a long time, different approaches to minimize the dimensional ridge alteration following tooth extraction have been described even though none of them was capable to avoid alveolar bone loss. The Socket-Shield Technique (SST) seems to be an alternative for alveolar bone preservation in dental extraction planning. This technique conventionally uses a flapless approach and the buccal root portion retention to prevent bone loss. This case report describes the SST with an early implant placement in a patient who presented the nonrestorable tooth # 15 due to the extensive cavity. After six months of the implant placement a porcelain-fused-to-metal crown was fabricated and screwed into the implant with a satisfactory esthetic and functional result. The SST is a non-invasive and effective approach to tooth extraction and rehabilitation, especially in the aesthetic zone. Approximately two-year follow-up shows a satisfactory aesthetic maintenance.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the alveolar bone and gingival dimensions in the maxillary anterior teeth. Cone-beam computed tomography images of 160 maxillary anterior teeth were evaluated. The Bone (BT) and Gingival Thickness (GT) and distances between Cemento-Enamel Junction (CEJ) and alveolar Bone Crest (CEJ-BC) and Cemento-Enamel Junction and Gingival Margin (CEJ-GM) were measured on the labial surface at the cervical third of the tooth root. Pearson correlation test or partial correlation was used. BT was significantly and positively associated with CEJ-GM in lateral incisors (p=0.04). The correlation between CEJBC and CEJ-GM was negative and statistically significant for incisors and canines (p≤0.01). The correlation between CEJ-BC and GT was positive and statistically significant for central incisors and canines (p≤0.01). Greater bone thickness was associated with higher gingival margin level at the lateral incisor, but not with bone crest level. Lower bone crest level was associated with greater gingival thickness at the central incisor and canines, and with lower gingival margin level at all the anterior maxillary teeth. The planning of orthodontic, periodontal, and restorative treatments should consider these dimensions of marginal periodontal tissue are interrelated and their relationship vary by tooth type. Keywords: Alveolar process; Anatomy; Cone-beam computed tomography; Gingiva; Humans.

This cross-sectional study evaluated the dental caries and its associated factors among domestic waste collectors. A total of 301 adult men who worked for a waste collection corporation were included; 171 men worked in direct contact with domestic solid waste and 130 did not. Sociodemographic data, working and medical history were assessed. The decayed, missing, and filled permanent teeth (DMFT) index was examined. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with dental status with a significance level of 5%. The overall mean DMFT score was 8.36 ± 5.64. The mean DMFT, missing teeth (MT), and filled teeth (FT) were significantly higher in workers who did not have any direct contact with waste (p ≤ 0.04). In the logistic analysis, DMFT ≥ 8 was only associated with older age (OR = 8.41 [95% confidence interval (95%CI), 5.01–14.12], p

Studies have shown that domestic waste collectors are exposed to toxicants including infectious pathogens, which may be linked to their oral health conditions. This cross-sectional study evaluated the dental caries and its associated factors among domestic waste collectors. A total of 301 adult men who worked for a waste collection corporation were included; 171 men worked in direct contact with domestic solid waste and 130 did not. Sociodemographic data, working, and medical history were assessed. The decayed, missing, and filled permanent teeth (DMFT) index was examined. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with dental status with a significance level of 5%. The overall mean DMFT score was 8.36±5.64. The mean DMFT, missing teeth (MT), and filled teeth (FT) were significantly higher in workers who did not have any direct contact with waste (p≤0.04). In the logistic analysis, DMFT ≥8 was only associated with older age (OR=8.41 [95% confidence interval (95%CI), 5.01–14.12], p

This study aimed to assess the association of early implant failure (EIF) with demographic, local, environmental, and systemic factors.Clinical charts of 594 individuals with 2,537 dental implants were assessed. EIF was characterized by implant loss before and up to the abutment connection. Logistic regression analysis was used to verify the association between EIF and local, environmental, and systemic factors at the individual and implant levels. The chosen level of significance was 5%.EIF occurred in 144 implants (5.68%) and in 97 individuals (16.3%). At the individual level, smoking habits (odds ratio [OR] = 2.54; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.00 to 6.47; P = .05), absence of postoperative antibiotic therapy (OR = 2.73; CI = 1.22 to 6.13; P = .02), and bone augmentation (OR = 1.83; CI = 1.17 to 2.85; P = .01) were significantly associated with EIF. At the implant level, smoking habits (OR = 2.90; CI = 1.60 to 5.26, P .001), absence of postoperative antibiotic therapy (OR = 2.77; CI = 1.36 to 5.63, P = .005), postoperative complications (OR = 28.35; CI = 6.79 to 118.45, P .001), implant length ≤8.5 mm (OR = 1.79; CI = 1.07 to 2.99; P = .03), and diameter 3.75 mm (OR = 1.65; CI = 1.08 to 2.52, P = .02) were associated with EIF. Age, sex, alcohol abuse, diabetes, hypertension, and long-term medication use were not associated with EIF at both individual and implant levels (P ≥ .12).Smoking habits, absence of antibiotic therapy, bone augmentation, postoperative complications, implant diameter3.75 mm, and implant length ≤8.5 mm were associated with EIF. Clinicians should be aware of these associations that should be controlled for when feasible. Future cohort studies are required to confirm the risk factors.

The present study aimed to identify the systemic risk indicators associated with peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis in individuals with implant-supported fixed prostheses.In this cross-sectional study, clinical evaluations of periodontal and peri-implant conditions were performed by a single examiner in a sample of 71 volunteers with 360 implants. Peri-implant mucositis was defined as the occurrence of bleeding on probing in association with redness and swelling or suppuration, without bone loss. Peri-implantitis was defined based on a radiograph of bone loss ≥ 3 mm and/or a probing depth ≥ 6 mm with bleeding and/or suppuration on probing. The systemic factors evaluated were obesity, hormone replacement therapy, osteopaenia and osteoporosis, high blood pressure and hypercholesterolaemia. Logistic models were applied to assess the associations between peri-implant diseases and systemic factors.Mucositis and peri-implantitis were found in 83.1% and 16.9% of the individuals, respectively. The regression analysis showed that obesity (prevalence ratio = 5.23; 95% confidence interval, 1.91 to 96.83; P = 0.01) and high systolic blood pressure (prevalence ratio = 4.23; 95% confidence interval, 1.66 to 12.87; P = 0.03) were associated with peri-implantitis at the individual and implant levels, respectively. No systemic factor was associated with peri-implant mucositis (P ≥ 0.06).Obesity and high systolic blood pressure were associated with peri-implantitis, whereas no systemic factor was associated with peri-implant mucositis. Future prospective studies are required to confirm these as true risk factors. Patients with obesity and/or high systolic blood pressure could be informed of the likely association with peri-implantitis, preferably before implant placement.

This cross-sectional study evaluated the saliva profile in crack-cocaine-addicted males and its relationship with dental caries, periodontal disease, and oral mucosal lesion (OML) using 148 adult male volunteers (37 addicted; 111 non-addicted) at the School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia. Data on decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT), periodontal disease and OML were collected from the clinical examination of the participants. Samples were analysed for the salivary flow rate (SFR) of unstimulated and wax-stimulated whole saliva and the saliva buffer capacity. Bivariate and regression analyses were conducted to assess the salivary profile and its association with the oral status of addicted participants (α = 0.05). The mean buffer capacity of stimulated saliva was significantly lower in the addicted participants (pH 5.2 ± 1.7) than in the non-addicted group (pH 5.8 ± 1.3, p = 0.03). In the addicted group, OML was associated with a stimulated SFR < 1.0 mL/min (OR = 11.98, 95% CI = 1.30-27.10, p = 0.04). The DMFT index and periodontal disease were not associated with the salivary profile, but with older age (OR = 7.20, 95% CI = 1.51-31.14, p = 0.01) and lower education levels (OR = 24.00, 95% CI = 1.68-341.00, p = 0.02), respectively. In conclusion, addiction was associated with the lower buffer capacity of stimulated saliva, and OML was associated with lower-stimulated salivary flow rate. Periodontal disease or DMFT was not associated with salivary factors in addicted males. Therapy approaches dealing with saliva status may be important for use with addicted males to reduce OMLs.

The impact of alcohol consumption on periodontal disease and tooth loss is still under debate. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the association between alcohol dependence and both periodontal diseases and tooth loss in Brazilian native Indians. Full mouth periodontal examination was performed and tooth loss was clinically evaluated in a representative sample of 225 Indians (≥ 19 years). Sociodemographic, oral health-related data, and alcohol dependence were evaluated using structured questionnaires. The subjects were categorized as either alcohol-dependent or non-dependent according to the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test results. Severe periodontal disease was defined in individuals with ≥ 2 proximal sites with a clinical attachment level ≥ 6 mm, not on the same tooth, and ≥ 1 proximal site with a probing depth ≥ 5 mm. Tooth loss was categorized as one or more missing teeth, or no missing teeth. Bivariate models followed by logistic regression were used to assess the association between alcohol dependence and both periodontal disease and tooth loss. Prevalence ratio (PR) was calculated using Mantel-Haenszel analysis. Alcohol dependence increased 2.5 times the risk for tooth loss (prevalence ratio [PR] =2.49, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.01–9.04, p = 0.05). Severe periodontal disease was not associated with alcohol dependence (OR = 0.54, 95% CI = 0.22–1.31, p = 0.23). In conclusion, alcohol dependence was associated with tooth loss in the present population, but severe periodontal disease was not. Questions on alcohol dependence should be included in dental anamnesis questionnaires, and patients diagnosed with alcohol dependence should be referred for dental evaluation.

Objective : This study evaluated the associations of periodontal status with dental plaque index and frequency of toothbrushing and flossing in Kiriri Brazilian Indigenous people. Methods : Gingival bleeding, periodontal clinical attachment level, and dental plaque index were clinically evaluated in 204 adult Brazilian indigenous. They were categorized as healthy, gingivitis, or periodontitis. Sociodemographic data and oral hygiene habits were registered. Bivariate and logistic regression analyses were performed (p≤0.05). Results : Gingivitis [odds ratio (OR): 2.83; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.52–5.25; p=0.001] and periodontitis (OR: 6.88; 95%CI, 1.44–32.78; p=0.02) were associated with plaque index level, but not with toothbrushing or flossing frequency (p ≥0.55). Conclusion : Gingivitis and periodontitis were associated with higher plaque index, but not with the frequency of toothbrushing and flossing. To enhance this population’s periodontal health, a prevention program focused on improving the quality of self-performed oral hygiene should be planned and implemented.

The impact of crack–cocaine dependence on the quality and microarchitecture of the mandibular bone tissue requires further investigation. This cross-sectional study evaluated the fractal dimension and panoramic radiomorphometric indices in crack–cocaine-addicted men. Panoramic radiographs were obtained from 24 addicted and 24 nonaddicted men (control individuals) between the ages of 18 years and 60 years. The fractal dimensions of four different regions, along with the cortical mandibular, mental, and panoramic mandibular indices, were evaluated bilaterally. Significance level of 5% ([Formula: see text]) was adopted in the statistical analysis. Mean fractal dimension value of all the four different regions of the jaw in the addict group ([Formula: see text]) was lower than that of the nonaddict group ([Formula: see text]; [Formula: see text]). Furthermore, the inter-group panoramic radiomorphometric indices were not significantly different ([Formula: see text]). Mean fractal dimension value was associated with the duration of addiction ([Formula: see text]; [Formula: see text]), contrary to the indices ([Formula: see text]). Crack–cocaine addiction and longer duration of addiction were associated with lower fractal dimension values in the mandibular bone. Therefore, patients and dentists should be aware of this condition while planning periodontal, implant, and orthodontic therapies. Furthermore, crack–cocaine patients should be referred to a specialist for the evaluation of osteoporosis and osteopenia.

Statement of problem Extensive occlusal adjustments and misfit of the prosthesis to prosthetic components are frequent problems related to fixed interim prosthesis fabrication with immediate dental implant loading. Purpose The purpose of this clinical trial was to evaluate a prosthetic guide made with a rapid prototype model based on virtual surgical planning. This prosthetic guide was used to fabricate fixed interim prostheses that would allow immediate implant loading after computer-guided implant installation. Material and methods Nine interim prostheses were made for 9 participants with complete maxillary or mandibular edentulism. The virtual prosthetic guide was planned using computer-assisted design (CAD) software and was fabricated with rapid prototyping equipment (selective laser sintering). The prosthetic guide had 3 portions: the occlusal portion, which had occlusal registration; the connection portion, which had the information of the position and angulation of the abutment/implant projection; and the mucosa portion, which had the registration of the alveolar mucosa architecture. The prosthetic guide was used by a dental technician to fabricate prostheses. A single trained examiner evaluated the passive fit of the interim prostheses, the average time required for installing the interim prosthesis and for occlusal adjustments, the satisfaction of the patient with the prosthesis; and the screws, torque, occlusion, and prosthesis status. Results Passive fit was achieved between the prosthetic components and prostheses in 7 participants. The average time required for installing the fixed interim prostheses was 64.44 minutes. All participants reported being more pleased with the fixed interim prosthesis than with the prosthesis worn before implant placement. Prosthesis fractures were observed in 3 participants (2 in the maxilla and 1 in the mandible); all fractures occurred 3 months or more after delivery. No further complication was observed during 6 months of follow-up. Conclusions The prosthetic guide enabled fabrication of interim immediate prostheses that were easily seated and adjusted to accommodate any shifts in implant position occurring during computer-guided surgery. Immediate implant loading could be achieved in a reasonable operative time.

To evaluate the association of severe periodontitis with overweight and obesity.Full-mouth periodontal examination was performed on a random sample of 80 obese, 69 overweight and 87 normal-weight individuals (≥ 18 years). Severe periodontitis was defined using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention - American Academy of Periodontology (CDC-AAP) case classification. Weight (kg) and height (m) were measured by a single examiner, body mass index (BMI) was calculated, and the subjects were classified as normal range, overweight and obese according to World Health Organization definitions. Interviews using a structured questionnaire were performed to collect data on demographics as well as socioeconomic and health status. Chi-squared and logistic regression tests were used to assess the association between severe periodontitis and obesity (p ≤ 0.05).Although severe periodontitis was significantly associated with obesity (OR = 3.25, 95% CI = 1.27-8.31, p = 0.01), it was not associated with overweight (p = 0.59).In the present study, severe periodontitis was associated with obesity but not with overweight. Patients diagnosed with obesity should be referred for periodontal evaluation.

The scope of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the prevalence and the associated factors of the recommendation of dental extraction in the adult Kiriri Indigenous population of northeastern Brazil. A total of 225 natives (≥19 years) were evaluated. The extraction criteria were teeth with clinical attachment loss ≥50% in at least 3 sites, and residual roots. Statistical models were used to evaluate associations between the need for dental extraction and selected variables. The percentage of teeth recommended for dental extraction was 4.98%, characterizing a mean of 1.24 tooth per individual. A regression analysis showed that age ≥35 years (OR=2.24, 95%CI: 1.13-4.43, p=0.02), incomeR$ 570.00 (OR=3.34, 95%CI: 1.19-9.37, p=0.02) and plaque index ≥40% (OR=2.38, 95%CI: 1.24-4.56, p=0,01) were significantly associated with indication for dental extraction. A prevalence of 33% of subjects with dental extraction recommendation were associated with age older than 35 years, plaque index ≥40% and income less than a minimum wage were related with the recommendation for extraction. This study reflects the importance of prioritizing oral health prevention, as well as the need to expand complex dental services.O objetivo deste artigo foi avaliar a prevalência e os fatores associados à indicação de exodontia em uma população adulta de índios Kiriri do Nordeste do Brasil. 225 indígenas (≥19 anos) foram avaliados. Os critérios de indicação de exodontia adotados foram: dentes com perda de inserção clínica ≥50%, em pelo menos 3 sítios, e, também, raízes residuais. Modelos estatísticos foram utilizados para avaliar associações entre necessidade de exodontia e as variáveis selecionadas. A porcentagem de dentes com indicação de exodontia foi de 4,98%, caracterizando uma média de 1,24 dente por indivíduo. A análise de regressão mostrou associação positiva entre indicação de exodontia e idade ≥35 anos (OR=2,24, 95%IC: 1,13-4,43, p=0,02), rendaR$ 570,00 (OR=3,34, 95%IC: 1,19-9,37, p=0,02) e índice de placa ≥40% (OR=2,38, 95%IC: 1,24-4,56, p=0,01). Uma prevalência de 33% de indivíduos com indicação de um ou mais dentes para exodontia está, principalmente, relacionada aos fatores de risco: idade maior que 35 anos, índice de placa ≥40% e renda inferior a um salário mínimo. Esse estudo reflete tanto a importância da priorização da prevenção em saúde bucal, como a necessidade de ampliação do acesso aos serviços de maior complexidade.

This cross-sectional study evaluated the association between crack/cocaine addiction and periodontal disease in men. Periodontal examination (probing depth, clinical attachment level, bleeding on probing, and plaque index) and interviews were performed in 160 patients (≥18 years) from the Federal University of Bahia. Crack and cocaine dependence was defined according to the medical records and interviews of each patient; all drug addicted volunteers used both crack and cocaine. T test, Chi-square test, and logistic regression were used to assess the associations between destructive periodontal disease and crack/cocaine dependence (p ≤ 0.05). Probing depth was significantly greater in crack/cocaine addicted individuals (2.84 ± 0.76 mm) compared with non-addicted individuals (2.55 ± 0.73 mm, p = 0.04). After adjusting for covariates, periodontitis was not significantly associated with crack/cocaine addiction (OR = 2.31, 95 % CI = 0.82-6.46, p = 0.11), which was only associated with age ≥35 years (OR = 4.16, 95 % CI = 1.65-10.50, p = 0.003) and higher dental plaque index (OR = 6.46, 95 % CI = 1.95-21.42, p = 0.002). In conclusion, although probing depth was greater in crack/cocaine addicted individuals, destructive periodontal disease was not associated with crack and cocaine addiction in the present population. Destructive periodontal disease was associated with age and dental plaque. Further studies in a larger sample size are required to confirm the results.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of laser photobiomodulation in cutaneous healing of rats under a hyperlipidic diet. Forty-eight Wistar Albinus rats, weaned, received standard diet (SD) or hyperlipidic diet (HD) for 20 weeks. The groups were divided into SD rats and HD rats, SD-irradiated rats (LSD), and HD-irradiated rats (LHD). Standard cutaneous wound (1 cm(2)) was created on the dorsum of each rat. The irradiation started immediately after surgery and every 48 h for 7 or 14 days (λ660 nm, 40 mW, 6 J/cm(2), ϕ 0,04 cm(2), CW), when they were killed under deep anesthesia. The specimens were removed, routinely processed, stained with hematoxylin/eosin (H/E), and evaluated by light microscopy. Rats fed with hyperlipidic diet had greater intensity in the inflammatory process and prolonged hyperemia. At day 7, the intensity of inflammation was reduced in LSD and LHD groups when compared to their control groups, SD (p = 0.002) and HD (p = 0.02). There was an increase in fibroblast proliferation and collagen deposition, especially in the LHD group. At day 14, the HD group presented more intensive hyperemia than the SD group. It can be concluded that the hyperlipidic diet modified the inflammation pattern in wound healing and that laser light has a positive biomodulative effect on the healing process only in early stages.

Background The aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the risk indicators of tooth loss in adult Kiriri Indians from Brazil. Methods A representative sample of 225 Indians (≥19 years of age) was assessed. Interviews using a structured written questionnaire were performed to collect data on demographics and socio-economic status, and health-related data. Probing depth, the distance between the cement–enamel junction and the free gingival margin, and decayed, missing or filled teeth were evaluated. Bivariate and logistic models were used to assess associations between tooth loss and age, sex, income, education, diabetic status, smoking habits, dental caries, severe periodontitis, plaque index and previous dental visit. Results Eighty per cent of subjects had lost one tooth or more, and 20% had lost eight teeth or more. Mean (±standard deviation) tooth loss was 5.09 (±5.83) teeth. After adjustment for covariates, loss of one tooth or more was associated with older age [≥35 years; odds ratio (OR) = 4.06, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.38–11.94, P = 0.01], severe periodontitis (OR = 3.35, 95% CI: 0.99–11.24, P = 0.05), higher dental caries (OR = 3.24, 95% CI: 1.35–7.78, P = 0.01) and previous dental visit (OR = 23.32, 95% CI: 5.75–94.63, P

Objective This study seeks to investigate immunohistochemical parameters that could distinguish non-aggressive Central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) from aggressive CGCG, two groups of lesions which differ in their clinical and radiographic features and prognosis. Material and methods 12 cases of non-aggressive CGCG and 11 cases of aggressive CGCG were investigated and associated the immunohistochemical expression of macrophages (CD68 and CD163), blood vessels (CD34 and CD105), lymphatic vessels (D2-40) and regulator proteins (p63 and Ki-67). Clinical and radiographic features were also studied. Results Associations between all proteins in non-aggressive and aggressive CGCG were not significant (p > 0.05). With respect to non-aggressive CGCG, there were no significant correlations, while in aggressive CGCG there was a significant positive correlation between CD68 and CD163 (p = 0.031), between CD34 and D2-40 proteins (p = 0.04), whereas a significant negative correlation was observed between CD105 and CD68 (p = 0.040). However, regardless of aggressiveness of CGCG, there was a significant positive correlation between CD68 and CD163 (p = 0,04). Among the clinical and immunohistochemical aspects, only the symptomatology was a significant risk factor for the occurrence of aggressive CGCG (OR = 12.00/p = 0.016). Conclusion Macrophages and angiogenesis contribute to their maintenance and development of CGCG. In addition, immunohistochemistry used here was not able to differentiate their aggressiveness. However, symptomatology was proved to be a risk factor for the occurrence of aggressive CGCG. It is possible that clinical features, particularly symptomatology, represent the most appropriate parameter to attempt to distinguish GCCG.

Water fluoridation is considered a cost-effective and practical method for controlling and preventing dental caries in the general population. The objective of this study was to evaluate the dental health status and risk indicators for dental caries in adult Brazilian Indians without exposition to dental caries–preventive effects of water fluoridation. Decayed (DT), missing (MT), and filled (FT) permanent teeth (DMFT), as well as plaque index, unstimulated salivary flow rate, salivary buffering capacity, and fasting blood glucose were examined in 225 adult Indians. Smoking habits and sociodemographic data were evaluated using a structured questionnaire. Drinking water samples from 10 Indian villages were analyzed for the natural fluoride concentration. The mean DMFT was 10.33 ± 6.91 (DT, 4.19 ± 3.99; MT, 4.99 ± 5.64; FT, 1.14 ± 1.75). DMFT index ≥ 9 was associated with age ≥ 35 years (p = 0.000), lower education (p = 0.03), and plaque index > 40% (p = 0.003). DT was associated only with plaque index (p = 0.03). MT was associated with age (p < 0.001) and plaque index (p = 0.01). FT was negatively associated with age (p = 0.02) and income (p = 0.02). Fluoride concentration varied from 0.01 to 0.07 mg/L and was not associated with dental health status (p ≥ 0.29). In conclusion, poorer dental health status was associated with older age, higher plaque index, and lower education and income levels. The fluoride level in the drinking water of Kiriri villages was lower than the level recommended for preventing dental caries. Water fluoridation may be recommended for this population.

Mast cells (MCs) can influence the maturation of collagen fibers. This study evaluated the relationship between the distribution and degranulation of MCs and collagen maturation in human gingival tissue in chronic periodontitis. A total of 16 specimens of patients clinically diagnosed as periodontitis and 18 controls clinically diagnosed as healthy or gingivitis were included. Immunohistochemistry and Picrosirius staining were performed to identify MCs and assess collagen fibers, respectively. Chi-square, t test, and Pearson’s correlation test ( p2) than in control tissue (211.14 ± 131.13 MCs/mm2) in the area of connective tissue containing inflammatory infiltrate. There was a correlation between the number of MCs and probing depth ( r = 0.34, p=0.04). MCs are involved in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases and might be associated with collagen maturation in periodontal tissue during the early stages of periodontal disease pathogenesis.

BACKGROUND/AIM Since street sweepers comprises a group of workers who are in daily contact with rubbish, dust and air pollution, the aim of this study was to evaluate potential cytotoxic and mutagenic effects in buccal mucosa cells of street sweepers. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 20 male street sweepers aged from 22 to 56 years were included in the experimental group. A total of 20 men matched by age were used as the control group. Cytotoxicity and mutagenicity were analyzed by micronucleus test in buccal mucosal cells. RESULTS Statistically significant differences (p

Background Ameloblastoma with adenoid features are characterized by the presence of duct-like structures formed from the parenchyma of the tumor. This study was conducted to report a series of eight ameloblastomas with adenoid features, highlighting their clinicopathological and immunohistochemical aspects. Material and Methods Out of 71 cases of ameloblastomas, this study classified 8 cases as ameloblastomas with adenoid features. Clinicopathological data and immunohistochemistry for CK7, CK14, CK19, IMP3, p53 and Ki-67 were evaluated. Results From those cases of ameloblastoma exhibiting adenoid features, there were 4 women and 4 men, with mean age of 39 years. Most cases affected the mandible and all presented radiographically as a radiolucency. The predominant histopathological features were pseudoducts, squamous metaplasia, nuclear hyperchromatism, clear cells, whorled aspect of epithelial structures, cribriform growth pattern, proliferation of spindle cells and extracellular eosinophilic material. Immunohistochemical analysis showed high expression for CK14 (n = 6) and CK19 (n = 3) and all cases (n = 8) were negative for p53, IMP3 and CK7. In addition, all samples (n = 8) showed low expression for Ki-67. Conclusions The similarities between the histopathological and immunohistochemical features of eight cases described in the present study and those described in previous studies support the possibility that these lesions are adenoid ameloblastomas. In addition, the immunohistochemical results of CK14, CK19, p53 and Ki-67 did not differ from those of conventional ameloblastomas.

Human beings are constantly exposed to many kinds of environmental agents which affect their health and lifespan. Galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) are the main source of ionizing radiation in the lower troposphere, in which secondary products can penetrate the ground and underground layers. GCRs affect the physical–chemical properties of the terrestrial atmosphere, as well as the biosphere. GCRs are modulated by solar activity and latitudinal geomagnetic field distribution. In our ecological/populational retrospective study, we analyzed the correlation between the annual flux of local secondary GCR-induced ionization (CRII) and mortality rates in the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil, between 1951–2012. The multivariate linear regression analyses adjusted by demographic and weather parameters showed that CRII are significantly correlated with total mortality, infectious disease mortality, maternal mortality, and perinatal mortality rates (p

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the prevalence of oral mucosal lesions (OMLs) and their association with crack/cocaine addiction in men. Clinical oral examination was performed in 161 adult male patients at the School of Dentistry of the Federal University of Bahia, Brazil. Crack/cocaine addiction was determined from the medical records, and all drug-addicted individuals used both crack and cocaine. All participants (40 crack/cocaine-addicted men and 121 non-addicted men) underwent a systematic evaluation of the lips, labial mucosa, commissures, buccal mucosa and sulcus, gingiva and alveolar ridge, tongue, floor of the mouth, and soft and hard palate by a single examiner. Bivariate and regression analyses were conducted to assess for the presence of OMLs and the association of OMLs with crack/cocaine addiction. OMLs were found in 22 participants with a significantly greater prevalence in the crack/cocaine-addicted group (25 vs. 9.9%; p = 0.01). The most prevalent types of lesions in the addicted group were traumatic ulcer and actinic cheilitis (7.5% for each) followed by fistulae associated with a retained dental root (5%). After adjusting for covariates, crack/cocaine addiction was significantly associated with OMLs (OR = 2.87; 95% CI = 1.08–7.67; p = 0.03). The prevalence of OMLs was higher in crack/cocaine-addicted individuals, and crack/cocaine addiction was significantly associated with OMLs. A public health program aimed at the early diagnosis and treatment of OMLs is vital to improving the oral health status of individuals addicted to crack/cocaine.

Background Glypican-3 is a cell suface proteoglycan that is found in embrionary tissues and there are no studies investigating this protein in odontogenic tumor. Thus, the aim of this study was investigate glypican-3 in a series of agressive and non-aggressive odontogenic tumors. Methods Fifty-nine cases of tumors were divided into aggressive odontogenic tumors (20 solid ameloblastomas, 4 unicystic ameloblastoma, 28 KOTs including 5 associated with Gorlin-Goltz syndrome) and non-aggressive odontogenic tumors (5 adenomatoid odontogenic tumors, and 2 calcifying cystic odontogenic tumors) and analyzed for glypican-3 using immunohistochemistry. Results Glypican-3 was observed in seven solid ameloblastoma and eighteen keratocystic odontogenic tumor including three of the five syndromic cases, but there was no significant difference between syndromic and sporadic cases (p>0,05; Fisher's exact Test). All cases of unicystic ameloblastoma (n=4), adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (n=5) and calcifying cystic odontogenic tumor (n=2) were negative. Conclusions This provided insights into the presence of glypican-3 in odontogenic tumors. This protein distinguished aggressive from non-aggressive odontogenic tumors. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

1. Definicao do Problema […] 3a Diretriz de Avaliacao Cardiovascular Perioperatoria da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia

The aim of the present study was to comparatively evaluate genomic damage (micronucleus) and cellular death (pyknosis, karyolysis, and karyorrhexis) in exfoliated oral mucosa cells from crack cocaine users by micronucleus test. A total of 30 crack cocaine users and 30 health controls (non-exposed individuals) were included in this setting. Individuals had epithelial cells from cheek mechanically exfoliated, placed in fixative, and dropped in clean slides, which were checked for the above nuclear phenotypes. The results pointed out significant statistical differences (p

The aim of study was to evaluate the clinicopathological features of oral mucoceles and the immunohistochemical expression of cellular and extracellular matrix components in these lesions. One hundred cases of oral mucoceles were examined for clinicopathological features. The expression of mast cell tryptase, CD68, MMP-1 (matrix metalloproteinase-1), MMP-9 (matrix metalloproteinase-9) and CD34 was investigated immunohistochemically in 32 cases. The lesions arose as nodules or blisters of variable color. The mean age was 23.2 years and a higher male frequency was observed. The most common locations were the lower lip (92%), followed by the floor of the mouth (7%), and palate (1%). The lesion size ranged from 0.4 to 3.0cm. Unusual histopathological findings as superficial mucoceles (n=16, 16%), pseudopapillary projections (n=3, 3%), epithelioid histiocytes (n=4, 4%), multinucleated giant cells (n=1, 1%) and myxoglobulosis (n=9, 9%) were also seen. Mast cells and CD68-positive macrophages, MMP-1, MMP-9 and CD34-positive blood vessels were seen in all cases. A significant association was seen between mast cells and MMP-1 (p=0.03) and between macrophages and MMP-1 (p=0.01). This study provided important insight into the demographic and histopathological occurrence of oral mucoceles. The tissue remodeling seen in these lesions mainly involved the migration and interaction of mast cells, macrophages and MMP-1.