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PurposeThis research focuses on analysing the effect of wine tourism on green product and process innovations developed by Spanish wineries. In addition, age, size and membership in a protected designation of origin (PDO) are introduced as control variables to increase the precision of the cause–effect relationship analysed.Design/methodology/approachThe study proposes a conceptual model based on previous studies, which is tested using structural equations (partial least squares structural equation modelling [PLS-SEM]) with data collected from 202 Spanish wineries.FindingsThe research results show that wine tourism activity has a positive and significant influence on green product and process innovation.Originality/valueThe research contributes to the academic literature in several ways. First, the study advances knowledge and understanding of the benefits generated by wine tourism. Second, the research contributes to the literature that analyses the wine tourism–sustainability link, since it is predicted that this type of tourism can increase the capacity for green innovation. Third, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, there is no previous research that has analysed wine tourism as a catalytic variable for green innovation. Fourth, the proposed theoretical model has not been previously addressed in the academic literature, so the study represents an important advance in scientific knowledge.

PurposeThe research focuses on analysing the effect of wine tourism (WT) on the green performance (GP) of Spanish wineries, as well as the mediating role of green intellectual capital (GIC) and the moderating effect of circular economy practices (CEPs) developed by wineries in this main relationship. In addition, age, size and protected designation of origin (PDO) membership are introduced as control variables to increase the precision of the cause–effect relationships analysed.Design/methodology/approachA conceptual model is proposed through the literature review carried out and then verified through structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) based on data obtained from a survey of 202 Spanish wineries between September 2021 and January 2022.FindingsThe results of the study show that WT activity has a positive and significant effect on the GP of wineries, also demonstrating the mediating effect of GIC and the moderating role of CEPs in this relationship.Originality/valueThe study contributes to the academic literature in several ways. First, to the best of our knowledge, no previous study has addressed the impact of WT on the set of wineries' ecological intangibles. Second, to the authors’ knowledge, no previous study has analysed the mediating effect of GIC on the WT-GP relationship. Third, there is no previous attempt to deal with the moderating role of CEPs in the main relationship under analysis. Fourth, the proposed theoretical model has not been previously addressed in the academic literature.

PurposeThis study aims to analyze the relationships between knowledge management, internationalization and ambidexterity, also exploring the influence of these variables on Spanish hotel chain performance. Hypotheses are proposed from the dynamic capabilities and knowledge-management views of the firm.Design/methodology/approachThe research model was tested on a sample of 70 Spanish hotel chains applying variance-based structural equation modeling (partial least squares).FindingsThe results show that Spanish hotel chains that use knowledge management processes achieve a greater degree of internationalization and this increases their organizational ambidexterity. This study can also confirm a direct, positive and significant relationship between organizational ambidexterity and performance.Research limitations/implicationsThis research shows that knowledge may be considered an essential resource to improve hotel firms’ results. Spanish hotel firms should manage their knowledge to stimulate international activity because this could enhance learning capabilities related to organizational ambidexterity and positively influence performance.Originality/valueThe present paper analyzes relationships between variables that had not previously been analyzed in a single model, including knowledge management, the degree of internationalization of hotel chains, ambidexterity and performance.

Knowledge is a basic factor of competitiveness with a firm’s exploration and exploitation capabilities acting as the main antecedents of innovation. However, a firm has two main options to obtain new knowledge: internal generation and external acquisition. This paper analyzes how tourism firms located in tourist districts develop ambidexterity through the combination of co-exploration and co-exploitation. Specifically, we study how the features that characterize a tourist district, such as the level of firm and institutional agglomeration, affect the development of co-exploration and co-exploitation capabilities, taking into account the mediation effect of social capital. The population under study includes all the Spanish hotels located in Spanish coastal towns, making a total sample of 210 establishments. The results confirm that agglomeration has a positive impact on the ambidexterity of Spanish hotels. Moreover, the results show that agglomeration causes an increase of social capital in hotels, and that social capital has a positive impact on ambidexterity. We find that social capital partially mediates the effect of agglomeration on ambidexterity. Some implications for managers and policymakers are presented.

Tomando como base diversas perspectivas teóricas y la literatura sobre la empresa familiar, este trabajo teórico tiene como objetivo mostrar, mediante un modelo conceptual, el potencial que ofrecen los intangibles que presenta este tipo de organización para hacer frente al fenómeno de la complejidad. De acuerdo con este modelo, concluimos que la empresa familiar reúne las características propias de los sistemas complejos con capacidad de adaptación. Señalamos que este tipo de organización está dotado de un conjunto de intangibles específicos, básicos para el desarrollo de capacidades dinámicas que permitan hacer frente a la complejidad del entorno. La gestión de estas capacidades desde la perspectiva de la complejidad facilita el desarrollo de procesos de auto-organización que dan como resultado innovaciones en diversos ámbitos, permitiendo la adaptación a un entorno complejo. Taking as a reference various theoretical approaches as well as the literature on the family firm, and using a conceptual model, the present theoretical paper has as its aim to show the potential offered by the intangibles present in this type of organization, which allows it to face the phenomenon of complexity. The application of this model leads us to conclude that the family firm gathers the characteristics, which are typical of complex systems with an adaptation capacity. It is highlighted in our research work that such an organisation owns a set of specific intangibles, which turn out to be essential for the development of dynamic capabilities allowing it to cope with the complexity that characterises its business environment. The management of these capabilities from a complexity perspective makes it easier to develop self-organisation processes, which give rise to innovations in a variety of fields, thus permitting the adaptation to a complex environment.