Search

Your search keyword '"Patten G"' showing total 159 results
Start Over Author "Patten G"
159 results on '"Patten G"'

2. Disparities in Dolutegravir Uptake Affecting Females of Reproductive Age With HIV in Low- and Middle-Income Countries After Initial Concerns About Teratogenicity : An Observational Study

Author

Romo, M.L., Patel, R.C., Edwards, J.K., Humphrey, J.M., Musick, B.S., Bernard, C., Maina, M.W., Brazier, E., Castelnuovo, B., Penner, J., Wyka, K., Cardoso, S.W., Ly, P.S., Kunzekwenyika, C., Cortés, C.P., Panczak, R., Kelvin, E.A., Wools-Kaloustian, K.K., Nash, D., Khol, V., Zhang, F.J., Zhao, H.X., Han, N., Lee, M.P., Li, P.C.K., Lam, W., Wong, H.Y., Kumarasamy, N., Ezhilarasi, C., Pujari, S., Joshi, K., Gaikwad, S., Chitalikar, A., Merati, T.P., Wirawan, D.N., Yuliana, F., Yunihastuti, E., Imran, D., Widhani, A., Tanuma, J., Oka, S., Nishijima, T., Choi, J.Y., Na, S., Kim, J.M., Gani, Y.M., Rudi, N.B., Azwa, I., Kamarulzaman, A., Syed Omar, S.F., Ponnampalavanar, S., Ditangco, R., Pasayan, M.K., Mationg, M.L., Chan, Y.J., Ku, W.W., Ke, E., Wu, P.C., Ng, O.T., Lim, P.L., Lee, L.S., Yap, J.K., Avihingsanon, A., Gatechompol, S., Phanuphak, P., Phadungphon, C., Kiertiburanakul, S., Phuphuakrat, A., Chumla, L., Sanmeema, N., Chaiwarith, R., Sirisanthana, T., Praparattanapan, J., Nuket, K., Khuwuwan, S., Kantipong, P., Kambua, P., Nguyen, K.V., Bui, H.V., Nguyen, D.T.H., Nguyen, D.T., Do, C.D., Ngo, A.V., Nguyen, L.T., Sohn, A.H., Ross, J.L., Petersen, B., Law, M.G., Jiamsakul, A., Bijker, R., Rupasinghe, D., Cahn, P., Cesar, C., Fink, V., Sued, O., Dell'Isola, E., Perez, H., Valiente, J., Yamamoto, C., Grinsztejn, B., Veloso, V., Luz, P., de Boni, R., Wagner, S.C., Friedman, R., Moreira, R., Pinto, J., Ferreira, F., Maia, M., de Menezes Succi, R.C., Machado, D.M., de Fátima Barbosa Gouvêa, A., Wolff, M., Rodriguez, M.F., Allendes, G., Pape, J.W., Rouzier, V., Marcelin, A., Perodin, C., Luque, M.T., Padgett, D., Madero, J.S., Ramirez, B.C., Belaunzaran, P., Vega, Y.C., Gotuzzo Herencia, José Eduardo, Mejía Cordero, Fernando Alonso, Carriquiry, G., McGowan, C.C., Shepherd, B.E., Sterling, T., Jayathilake, K., Person, A.K., Rebeiro, P.F., Castilho, J., Duda, S.N., Maruri, F., Vansell, H., Jenkins, C., Kim, A., Lotspeich, S., Pélagie, N., Gateretse, P., Munezero, J., Nitereka, V., Niyongabo, T., Twizere, C., Bukuru, H., Nahimana, T., Baransaka, E., Barasukana, P., Kabanda, E., Manirakiza, M., Ndikumwenayo, F., Biziragusenyuka, J., Munezero, A.M.M., Nforniwe, D.N., Ajeh, R., Ngamani, M.L., Dzudie, A., Mbuh, A., Amadou, D., Yone, E.W.P., Kendowo, E., Akele, C., Clever, A., Kitetele, F., Lelo, P., Tabala, M., Ekembe, C., Kaba, D., Diafouka, M., Ekat, M.H., Nsonde, D.M., Mafoua, A., Christ, M.N., Igirimbabazi, J., Ayinkamiye, N., Uwineza, P., Ndamijimana, E., Habarurema, E., Nyiraneza, M.L., Nyiransabimana, M.L., Tuyisenge, L., Shyaka, C., Kankindi, C., Uwakijijwe, B., Ingabire, M.G., Ndumuhire, J., Nyirabahutu, M.G., Muyango, F., Bihibindi, J.C., Uwamahoro, O., Ndoli, Y., Nsanzimana, S., Mugwaneza, P., Remera, E., Umumararungu, E., Rwibasira, G.N., Habimana, D.S., Gasana, J., Kanyabwisha, F., Kubwimana, G., Muhoza, B., Munyaneza, A., Murenzi, G., Musabyimana, F., Umwiza, F., Ingabire, C., Tuyisenge, P., Butera, A.M., Kabahizi, J., Rurangwa, E., Feza, R., Mukashyaka, E., Benekigeri, C., Musaninyange, J., Adedimeji, A., Anastos, K., Dilorenzo, M., Murchison, L., Ross, J., Yotebieng, M., Addison, D., Jones, H., Kulkarni, S., Tymejczyk, O., Elul, B., Cai, X., Dong, A., Hoover, D., Kim, H.-Y., Li, C., Shi, Q., Lancaster, K., Kuniholm, M., Edmonds, A., Parcesepe, A., Edwards, J., Keiser, O., Kimmel, A., Diero, L., Ayaya, S., Sang, E., Bukusi, E., Mulwa, E., Nyanaro, G., Kasozi, C., Ssemakadde, M., Bwana, M.B., Muyindike, W., Byakwaga, H., Kanyesigye, M., Semeere, A., Matovu, J.M., Nalugoda, F., Wasswa, F.X., Kazyoba, P., Mayige, M., Lyamuya, R.E., Mayanga, F., Ngonyani, K., Lwali, J., Urassa, M., Nyaga, C., Machemba, R., Yiannoutsos, C., Vreeman, R., Syvertsen, J., Kantor, R., Martin, J., Wenger, M., Cohen, C., Kulzer, J., Maartens, G., Bolton, C., Wood, R., Sipambo, N., Tanser, F., Boulle, A., Fatti, G., Mbewe, S., Singh, E., Chimbetete, C., Technau, K., Eley, B., Muhairwe, J., Rafael, I., Fox, M.P., Prozesky, H., Anderegg, N., Ballif, M., Ostinelli, C.H.D., Egger, M., Fenner, L., Haas, A., Hossmann, S., Rohner, E., Riou, J., Skrivankova, V., Smith, L., Taghavi, K., von Groote, P., Wandeler, G., Zaniewski, E., Zürcher, K., Anderson, K., Cornell, M., Davies, M.-A., Iyun, V., Johnson, L., Kassanjee, R., Kehoe, K., Kubjane, M., Maxwell, N., Nyakato, P., Patten, G., Tlali, M., Tsondai, P., de Waal, R., and International epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA)

Subjects
Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Prevention, policy, and public health, Adolescent, Pyridones, Reproductive age, HIV Infections, Choice Behavior, Article, Piperazines, chemistry.chemical_compound, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), Pregnancy, Epidemiology, Oxazines, Internal Medicine, Medicine, Humans, Maternal Health Services, Cumulative incidence, HIV Integrase Inhibitors, 610 Medicine & health, Developing Countries, Health equity, business.industry, HIV, Contraceptives, General Medicine, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Antiretroviral therapy, Regimen, Pharmaceutical Preparations, chemistry, Dolutegravir, Observational study, Female, Age groups, Safety, business, Heterocyclic Compounds, 3-Ring, 360 Social problems & social services, Demography, Cohort study
Abstract

BACKGROUND The transition to dolutegravir-containing antiretroviral therapy (ART) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) was complicated by an initial safety signal in May 2018 suggesting that exposure to dolutegravir at conception was possibly associated with infant neural tube defects. On the basis of additional evidence, in July 2019, the World Health Organization recommended dolutegravir for all adults and adolescents living with HIV. OBJECTIVE To describe dolutegravir uptake and disparities by sex and age group in LMICs. DESIGN Observational cohort study. SETTING 87 sites that began using dolutegravir in 11 LMICs in the Asia-Pacific; Caribbean, Central and South America network for HIV epidemiology (CCASAnet); and sub-Saharan African regions of the International epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA) consortium. PATIENTS 134��672 patients aged 16 years or older who received HIV care from January 2017 through March 2020. MEASUREMENTS Sex, age group, and dolutegravir uptake (that is, newly initiating ART with dolutegravir or switching to dolutegravir from another regimen). RESULTS Differences in dolutegravir uptake among females of reproductive age (16 to 49 years) emerged after the safety signal. By the end of follow-up, the cumulative incidence of dolutegravir uptake among females 16 to 49 years old was 29.4% (95% CI, 29.0% to 29.7%) compared with 57.7% (CI, 57.2% to 58.3%) among males 16 to 49 years old. This disparity was greater in countries that began implementing dolutegravir before the safety signal and initially had highly restrictive policies versus countries with a later rollout. Dolutegravir uptake was similar among females and males aged 50 years or older. LIMITATION Follow-up was limited to 6 to 8 months after international guidelines recommended expanding access to dolutegravir. CONCLUSION Substantial disparities in dolutegravir uptake affecting females of reproductive age through early 2020 are documented. Although this disparity was anticipated because of country-level restrictions on access, the results highlight its extent and initial persistence. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE National Institutes of Health.

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

3. Weight-for-age distributions among children with HIV on antiretroviral therapy in the International epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA) multiregional consortium

Author

JESSON, J., DESMONDE, S., YIANNOUTSOS, C. T., PATTEN, G., Malateste, Karen, DUDA, S. N., KUMARASAMY, N., YOTEBIENG, M., Davies, M. A., MUSICK, B., Leroy, V., CIARANELLO, A., Bordeaux population health (BPH), and Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)

Subjects
[SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie
Abstract

ObjectivePediatric antiretroviral therapy (ART) for children with HIV (CHIV) must be dosed appropriately for children’s changing weights as they grow. To inform accurate estimates of ART formulations and doses needed, we described weight-for-age distributions among CHIV on ART in the IeDEA global pediatric collaboration between 2004 and 2016, using data from six regions (East, West, Central, and Southern Africa, Asia–Pacific, and Central/South America and the Caribbean).ResultsOverall, 59,862 children contributed to the analysis. Age and weight data were available from 530,080 clinical encounters for girls and 537,894 for boys. For each one-year age stratum from 0 to 15 years, we calculated the proportion of children in each of the weight bands designated by the World Health Organization as relevant to pediatric ART formulations: 0 to

Published
2020

4. Applying the ICMJE authorship criteria to operational research in low-income countries: the need to engage programme managers and policy makers

Author

Zachariah, R., Reid, T., Van den Bergh, R., Dahmane, A., Kosgei, R. J., Hinderaker, S. G., Tayler-Smith, K., Manzi, M., Kizito, W., Khogali, M., Kumar, A. M. V., Baruani, B., Bishinga, A., Kilale, A. M., Nqobili, M., Patten, G., Sobry, A., Cheti, E., Nakanwagi, A., Enarson, D. A., Edginton, M. E., Upshur, R., and Harries, A. D.

Published
2013
Full Text
View/download PDF

7. High content, multi-parameter analyses in buccal cells to identify Alzheimer's disease

Author

François, M., Fenech, M., Thomas, P., Hor, M., Rembach, A., Martins, R.N., Rainey-Smith, S.R., Masters, C.L., Ames, D., Rowe, C.C., Macaulay, S.L., Hill, A.F., Leifert, W.R., Appannah, A., Barnes, M., Barnham, K., Bedo, J., Bellingham, S., Bon, L., Bourgeat, P., Brown, B., Buckley, R., Burnham, S., Bush, A., Chandler, G., Chen, K., Clarnette, R., Collins, S., Cooke, I., Cowie, T., Cox, K., Cuningham, E., Cyarto, E., Dang, P.A.V., Darby, D., Desmond, P., Doecke, J., Dore, V., Downing, H., Dridan, B., Duesing, K., Fahey, M., Farrow, M., Faux, N., Fernandez, S., Fernando, B., Fowler, C., Fripp, J., Frost, S., Gardener, S., Gibson, S., Graham, P., Gupta, V., Hansen, D., Harrington, K., Hone, E., Horne, M., Huckstepp, B., Jones, A., Jones, G., Kamer, A., Kanagasingam, Y., Keam, L., Kowalczyk, A., Krivdic, B., Lam, C.P., Lamb, F., Lautenschlager, N., Laws, S., Lenzo, N., Leroux, H., Lftikhar, F., Li, Q-X, Lim, F., Lim, L., Lockett, L., Lucas, K., Mano, M., Marczak, C., Martins, G., Matsumoto, Y., Bird, S., McBride, S., McKay, R., Mulligan, R., Nash, T., Nigro, J., O'Keefe, G., Ong, K., Parker, B., Pedrini, S., Peiffer, J., Pejoska, S., Penny, L., Perez, K., Pertile, K., Phal, P., Porter, T., Raniga, P., Restrepo, C., Riley, M., Roberts, B., Robertson, J., Rodrigues, M., Rooney, A., Rumble, R., Ryan, T., Salvado, O., Samuel, M., Saunders, I., Savage, G., Silbert, B., Sohrabi, H.R., Syrette, J., Szoeke, C., Taddei, K., Taddei, T., Tan, S., Tegg, M., Trivedi, D., Trounson, B., Veljanovski, R., Verdile, G., Villemagne, V., Volitakis, I., Vockler, C., Vovos, M., Vrantsidis, F., Walker, S., Watt, A., Weinborn, M., Wilson, B., Woodward, M., Yastrubetskaya, O., Yates, P., Zhang, P., Chatterjee, P., Creegan, R., De Ruyck, K., Ding, H., Groth, D., Head, R., Krause, D., Lachovitzki, R., Lim, Y.Y., Lintern, T., Mondal, A., Nuttall, S., O'Callaghan, N., Osborne, L., Pang, C., Patten, G., Tuckfield, A., Varghese, J., Wilson, A., Zhang, Q., François, M., Fenech, M., Thomas, P., Hor, M., Rembach, A., Martins, R.N., Rainey-Smith, S.R., Masters, C.L., Ames, D., Rowe, C.C., Macaulay, S.L., Hill, A.F., Leifert, W.R., Appannah, A., Barnes, M., Barnham, K., Bedo, J., Bellingham, S., Bon, L., Bourgeat, P., Brown, B., Buckley, R., Burnham, S., Bush, A., Chandler, G., Chen, K., Clarnette, R., Collins, S., Cooke, I., Cowie, T., Cox, K., Cuningham, E., Cyarto, E., Dang, P.A.V., Darby, D., Desmond, P., Doecke, J., Dore, V., Downing, H., Dridan, B., Duesing, K., Fahey, M., Farrow, M., Faux, N., Fernandez, S., Fernando, B., Fowler, C., Fripp, J., Frost, S., Gardener, S., Gibson, S., Graham, P., Gupta, V., Hansen, D., Harrington, K., Hone, E., Horne, M., Huckstepp, B., Jones, A., Jones, G., Kamer, A., Kanagasingam, Y., Keam, L., Kowalczyk, A., Krivdic, B., Lam, C.P., Lamb, F., Lautenschlager, N., Laws, S., Lenzo, N., Leroux, H., Lftikhar, F., Li, Q-X, Lim, F., Lim, L., Lockett, L., Lucas, K., Mano, M., Marczak, C., Martins, G., Matsumoto, Y., Bird, S., McBride, S., McKay, R., Mulligan, R., Nash, T., Nigro, J., O'Keefe, G., Ong, K., Parker, B., Pedrini, S., Peiffer, J., Pejoska, S., Penny, L., Perez, K., Pertile, K., Phal, P., Porter, T., Raniga, P., Restrepo, C., Riley, M., Roberts, B., Robertson, J., Rodrigues, M., Rooney, A., Rumble, R., Ryan, T., Salvado, O., Samuel, M., Saunders, I., Savage, G., Silbert, B., Sohrabi, H.R., Syrette, J., Szoeke, C., Taddei, K., Taddei, T., Tan, S., Tegg, M., Trivedi, D., Trounson, B., Veljanovski, R., Verdile, G., Villemagne, V., Volitakis, I., Vockler, C., Vovos, M., Vrantsidis, F., Walker, S., Watt, A., Weinborn, M., Wilson, B., Woodward, M., Yastrubetskaya, O., Yates, P., Zhang, P., Chatterjee, P., Creegan, R., De Ruyck, K., Ding, H., Groth, D., Head, R., Krause, D., Lachovitzki, R., Lim, Y.Y., Lintern, T., Mondal, A., Nuttall, S., O'Callaghan, N., Osborne, L., Pang, C., Patten, G., Tuckfield, A., Varghese, J., Wilson, A., and Zhang, Q.

Abstract

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a degenerative brain disorder and is the most common form of dementia. Minimally invasive approaches are required that combine biomarkers to identify individuals who are at risk of developing mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD, to appropriately target clinical trials for therapeutic discovery as well as lifestyle strategies aimed at prevention. Buccal mucosa cells from the Australian Imaging, Biomarkers and Lifestyle Flagship Study of Ageing cohort (n=60) were investigated for cytological markers that could be used to identify both MCI and AD individuals. Visual scoring of the buccal cytome demonstrated a significantly lower frequency of basal and karyorrhectic cells in the MCI group compared with controls. A high content, automated assay was developed using laser scanning cytometry to simultaneously measure cell types, nuclear DNA content and aneuploidy, neutral lipid content, putative Tau and amyloid-β (Aβ) in buccal cells. DNA content, aneuploidy, neutral lipids and Tau were similar in all groups. However, there was significantly lower Tau protein in both basal and karyolytic buccal cell types compared with differentiated buccal cells. Aβ, as measured by frequency of cells containing Aβ signal, as well as area and integral of Aβ signal, was significantly higher in the AD group compared with the control group. Buccal cell Aβ was correlated with mini-mental state examination (MMSE) scores (r = -0.436, P=0.001) and several blood-based biomarkers. Combining newly identified biomarkers from buccal cells with those already established may offer a potential route for more specific biomarker panels which may substantially increase the likelihood of better predictive markers for earlier diagnosis of AD.

Published
2016

9. High-amylose maize starch modulates colonic contractility and expression of associated genes in rats fed a Western diet

Author

Patten, G S, Bird, Anthony R, Topping, David, Kerr, Caroline A, Shaw, J, Regina, Ahmed, Abeywardena, MY, Lockett, T, Morell, M K, Dunne, Robert, Conlon, Michael A, Patten, G S, Bird, Anthony R, Topping, David, Kerr, Caroline A, Shaw, J, Regina, Ahmed, Abeywardena, MY, Lockett, T, Morell, M K, Dunne, Robert, and Conlon, Michael A

Abstract

Altered gastrointestinal motility is linked with inflammatory bowel disease and other gut disorders. Poor diets which contain high protein, high fat, and low fibre (Western-type) may contribute significantly to the development of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. While data on colonic contractility is limited, animal and human studies suggest dietary fibre, including resistant starch (RS) may help protect against the effects of the Western-type diet.

Published
2010

20. Catecholamines and Ca2+ mediate an increase in activity and reactive thiols of rat heart phosphofructokinase

Author

Clark, M G, Rattigan, S, Patten, G S, and Filsell, O H

Abstract

Catecholamines and Ca2+ mediate an increase in reactive-thiol status of phosphofructokinase, associated with an increase in activation of the enzyme. A correlation was observed between the number of reactive thiols and activation (r = 0.878; P less than 0.001) for 14 different treatments, with approx. 1 group per 85,000-Mr subunit becoming available over the range from the lowest to the highest state of activation.

Published
1987
Full Text
View/download PDF

21. Hormonal regulation of L-type pyruvate kinase in hepatocytes from phosphorylase kinase-deficient (gsd/gsd) rats

Author

Clark, M G, Patten, G S, and Clark, D G

Abstract

The hormonal regulation of L-type pyruvate kinase in hepatocytes from phosphorylase b kinase-deficient (gsd/gsd) rats was investigated. Adrenaline (10 microM) and glucagon (10 nM) each led to an inactivation and phosphorylation of pyruvate kinase. Dose-response curves for adrenaline-mediated inactivation of pyruvate kinase, phosphorylation of pyruvate kinase and the stimulation of gluconeogenesis from 1.8 mM-lactate were similar for hepatocytes from control and gsd/gsd rats. Time-course studies indicated that adrenaline-mediated inactivation and phosphorylation of pyruvate kinase proceeded more slowly in phosphorylase kinase-deficient hepatocytes than in control hepatocytes. The age-dependent change in the adrenergic control of pyruvate kinase was similar between control and phosphorylase kinase-deficient hepatocytes. Adrenaline, glucagon and noradrenaline activated the cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase and inhibited pyruvate kinase in phosphorylase kinase-deficient hepatocytes. Vasopressin (0.2-2 nM), angiotensin (10nM) and A23187 (10 microM) had no effect on the activity ratio of the cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase or pyruvate kinase in these cells. It is concluded that phosphorylase kinase plays no significant role in the hormonal control of pyruvate kinase and that phosphorylation and inactivation of this enzyme results predominantly from the action of the cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase.

Published
1984
Full Text
View/download PDF

22. Ca2+-mediated activation of phosphofructokinase in perfused rat heart

Author

Patten, G S and Clark, M G

Abstract

Perfusion of the isolated rat heart with Ca2+ concentrations exceeding 3 mM activated phosphofructokinase and phosphorylase, and decreased the concentration of cyclic AMP. Half-maximal activation of phosphofructokinase occurred at 5 mM-CaCl2; significant activation of phosphorylase did not occur until the concentration of CaCl2 exceeded 12 mM. The time course for the activation of phosphofructokinase at 12 mM-CaCl2 indicated that maximal activation occurred within 2 min; when the perfusion-medium Ca2+ concentration was re-adjusted to 3 mM, the phosphofructokinase activity returned to pre-activation values within 30 s. The addition of Ca2+ to extracts of heart did not activate phosphofructokinase. The activation of phosphofructokinase by sub-maximal doses of adrenaline and Ca2+ were not additive. The activation of phosphofructokinase by 1 microM-adrenaline + 10 microM-propranolol and by 1 microM-isoprenaline was inhibited by high concentrations of K+ (22-56 mM). The activation of phosphofructokinase by 1 microM-adrenaline + 10 microM-propranolol, 12 mM-CaCl2 and by 1 microM-isoprenaline was blocked by the slow Ca2+-channel blocker nifedipine. These findings suggest that both the beta- and alpha-adrenergic mechanisms for the activation of rat heart phosphofructokinase involve an increase in the myoplasmic Ca2+ concentration. This increase may result from an inhibition of Ca2+ efflux or a stimulation of Ca2+ influx.

Published
1983
Full Text
View/download PDF

25. Insensitivity of cardiac phosphofructokinase to adrenergic activation in Zucker rats. A post-receptor defect

Author

Patten, G S, Rattigan, S, Filsell, O H, and Clark, M G

Abstract

The apparent insensitivity of phosphofructokinase to activation by adrenaline in hearts from genetically obese Zucker (fa/fa) rats [Patten, Filsell & Clark (1982) Metab. Clin. Exp. 31, 1137-1141] was examined in detail. Perfusion of hearts from obese (fa/fa) animals with medium containing 1nM-100 microM-adrenaline for 4 min did not significantly activate phosphofructokinase, but fully activated glycogen phosphorylase. Activation of phosphofructokinase occurred in hearts from lean (Fa/?) animals, with half-maximal activation at 10nM-adrenaline. Binding characteristics of cardiac alpha 1-adrenergic receptors were comparable between lean and obese animals. Properties of phosphofructokinase from obese and lean hearts were similar. High extracellular Ca2+ concentration, which activated phosphofructokinase in hearts from lean animals and phosphorylase in all hearts, failed to activate phosphofructokinase in hearts from obese rats. The data indicate that the failure of adrenaline to activate phosphofructokinase in hearts from obese (fa/fa) rats results from a post-receptor defect in the as-yet unidentified Ca2+-dependent phosphofructokinase-activating reactions.

Published
1984
Full Text
View/download PDF

26. Adrenergic regulation of glucose metabolism in rat heart. A calcium-dependent mechanism mediated by both alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors.

Author

Clark, M G and Patten, G S

Abstract

Epinephrine treatment of the perfused rat heart led to an increase in glucose uptake, detritiation of [5-3H] glucose, glycogenolysis, and the formation of lactate. The change in the rate of formation of 3H2O from [5-3H]glucose was slower to develop (commencing at approximately 30 s) than changes in cyclic AMP concentration, hexose-6-P concentration, and the phosphorylase a/(a + b) ratio which were maximal at 24 s. Epinephrine plus propranolol (alpha-adrenergic combination) treatment of the perfused heart also led to increases in glucose uptake, detritiation of [5-3H]glucose, and the formation of lactate, but these occurred without significant changes in cyclic AMP concentration, hexose-6-P concentration, or the phosphorylase a/(a + b) ratio. Half-maximal stimulation of glucose uptake occurred at 0.2 microM epinephrine, 1.5 microM methoxamine, and 1 microM isoproterenol. The increase in glucose uptake mediated by 1 microM epinephrine was blocked by 10 microM prazosin but unaffected by 10 microM propranolol. The increase in glucose uptake mediated by 10 microM epinephrine plus 10 microM propranolol was partly blocked by yohimbine and completely blocked by prazosin. A role for Ca2+ in the adrenergic regulation of glucose uptake was indicated by the sensitivity of the epinephrine dose curve to Ca2+ and the dependence of epinephrine on Ca2+. In addition the increases in glucose uptake mediated by 1 microM epinephrine, 1 microM epinephrine plus 10 microM propranolol, 1 microM isoproterenol, and by 10 mM CaCl2 were each blocked by the Ca2+ channel blocker nifedipine (1 microM). It is concluded that Ca2+-dependent alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptor mechanisms are present in rat heart for controlling glucose uptake. At submicromolar levels of epinephrine the predominant receptors utilized appear to be alpha 1.

Published
1984
Full Text
View/download PDF

30. High content, multi-parameter analyses in buccal cells to identify alzheimer’s disease

Author

François, M., Fenech, M. F., Thomas, P., Hor, M., Rembach, A., Martins, R. N., Rainey-Smith, S. R., Masters, C. L., Ames, D., Rowe, C. C., Lance Macaulay, S., Hill, A. F., Leifert, W. R., Appannah, A., Barnes, M., Barnham, K., Bedo, J., Bellingham, S., Bon, L., Bourgeat, P., Brown, B., Buckley, R., Burnham, S., Bush, A., Chandler, G., Chen, K., Clarnette, R., Collins, S., Cooke, I., Cowie, T., Cox, K., Cuningham, E., Cyarto, E., Dang, P. A. V., Darby, D., Desmond, P., Doecke, J., Dore, V., Downing, H., Dridan, B., Duesing, K., Fahey, M., Farrow, M., Faux, N., Fenech, M., Fernandez, S., Fernando, B., Fowler, C., Francois, M., Fripp, J., Frost, S., Gardener, S., Gibson, S., Graham, P., Gupta, V., Hansen, D., Harrington, K., Hill, A., Hone, E., Horne, M., Huckstepp, B., Jones, A., Jones, G., Kamer, A., Kanagasingam, Y., Keam, L., Kowalczyk, A., Krivdic, B., Lam, C. P., Lamb, F., Lautenschlager, N., Laws, S., Leifert, W., Lenzo, N., Leroux, H., Lftikhar, F., Li, Q. -X, Lim, F., Lim, L., Lockett, L., Lucas, K., Mano, M., Marczak, C., Martins, G., Maruff, P., Matsumoto, Y., Bird, S., Mcbride, S., Mckay, R., Mulligan, R., Nash, T., Nigro, J., O Keefe, G., Ong, K., Parker, B., Pedrini, S., Peiffer, J., Pejoska, S., Penny, L., Perez, K., Pertile, K., Phal, P., Porter, T., Rainey-Smith, S., Raniga, P., Restrepo, C., Riley, M., Roberts, B., Robertson, J., Rodrigues, M., Rooney, A., Rumble, R., Ryan, T., Salvado, O., Samuel, M., Saunders, I., Savage, G., Silbert, B., Sohrabi, H., Syrette, J., Cassandra Szoeke, Taddei, K., Taddei, T., Tan, S., Tegg, M., Trivedi, D., Trounson, B., Veljanovski, R., Verdile, G., Villemagne, V., Volitakis, I., Vockler, C., Vovos, M., Vrantsidis, F., Walker, S., Watt, A., Weinborn, M., Wilson, B., Woodward, M., Yastrubetskaya, O., Yates, P., Zhang, P., Chatterjee, P., Creegan, R., Ruyck, K., Ding, H., Groth, D., Head, R., Krause, D., Lachovitzki, R., Lim, Y. Y., Lintern, T., Mondal, A., Nuttall, S., O Callaghan, N., Osborne, L., Pang, C., Patten, G., Tuckfield, A., Varghese, J., Wilson, A., and Zhang, Q.

31. What Should We Do When HIV-positive Children Fail First-line Combination Antiretroviral Therapy? A Comparison of 4 ART Management Strategies

Author

Patten, G., Schomaker, M., Davies, M.-A., Rabie, H., van Zyl, G., Technau, K., Eley, B., Boulle, A., Van Dyke, R.B., Patel, K., Sipambo, N., Wood, R., Tanser, F., Giddy, J., Cotton, M., Nuttall, J., Essack, G., Karalius, B., Seage, G., Sawry, S., Egger, M., Fairlie, L., Patten, G., Schomaker, M., Davies, M.-A., Rabie, H., van Zyl, G., Technau, K., Eley, B., Boulle, A., Van Dyke, R.B., Patel, K., Sipambo, N., Wood, R., Tanser, F., Giddy, J., Cotton, M., Nuttall, J., Essack, G., Karalius, B., Seage, G., Sawry, S., Egger, M., and Fairlie, L.

Abstract

Background: Managing virologic failure (VF) in HIV-infected children is especially difficult in resource-limited settings, given limited availability of alternative drugs, concerns around adherence, and the development of HIV resistance mutations. We aimed to evaluate 4 management strategies for children following their first episode of VF by comparing their immunologic and virologic outcomes. Methods: We included children (< 16 years of age) with VF from 8 International Epidemiologic Database to Evaluate AIDS Southern Africa cohorts, initiating combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) between 2004 and 2010, who followed one of the 4 management strategies: continuing on their failing regimen; switching to a second-line regimen; switching to a holding regimen (either lamivudine monotherapy or other non-cART regimen); discontinuing all ART. We compared the effect of management strategy on the 52-week change in CD4% and log10VL from VF, using inverse probability weighting of marginal structural linear models. Results: Nine hundred eighty-two patients were followed over 54,168 weeks. Relative to remaining on a failing regimen, switching to second-line showed improved immunologic and virologic responses 52 weeks after VF with gains in CD4% of 1.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.2–2.8) and declines in log10VL of -1.4 copies/mL (95% CI, -2.0, -0.8), while switching to holding regimens or discontinuing treatment had worse immunologic (-5.4% (95% CI, -12.1, 1.3) and -5.6% (95% CI, -15.4, 4.1) and virologic outcomes (0.2 (95% CI, -3.6, 4.1) and 0.8 (95% CI, -0.6, 2.1), respectively. Conclusions: The results provide useful guidance for managing children with VF. Consideration should be given to switching children failing first-line cART to second-line, given the improved virologic and immune responses when compared with other strategies.

38. Correspondence

Author

Patten, G. H. Van, primary, C., W. H., additional, P., S., additional, and H., F. W., additional

Published
1879
Full Text
View/download PDF

40. Screening food-based libraries to identify antihypertensive bioactives.

Author

Rogers, P. F., Patten, G. S., Bennett, L. E., and Abeywardena, M. Y.

Subjects
*ANTIHYPERTENSIVE agents, *FUNCTIONAL foods, *UNSATURATED fatty acids in human nutrition, *BIOACTIVE compounds, *ANGIOTENSINS
Abstract

Background -- Development of functional foods and nutraceuticals targeted to promote cardiovascular benefits is an active area of research at present. Supporting evidence exists for several such bioactives including plant sterols, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, polyphenols and peptides from various sources. Objective -- To develop and validate suitable assay systems to allow rapid screening of different food based peptide libraries in an attempt to identify potential bioactives that may possess antihypertensive properties. Design -- A rapid spectrophotometric assay to identify inhibitors of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) was developed based on the method of Cushman and Cheung. Other potential target mechanisms identified include scavenging of free radicals and inhibition of the action of angiotensin II at its receptor. Outcomes -- A reproducible assay for ACE activity (CV 4.1%) was established and validated using the pharmacological inhibitor captopril, and Val-Ala-Pro, a known inhibitory tri-peptide, as standards. A selection of commercially available, vegetable derived protein hydrolysates demonstrated ACE inhibitory activity (wheat, 20-50%; soy, up to 20%; rice, 10- 70% and pea, 10-60%). In some cases it was possible to enhance this activity by further fractionation. Conclusions -- The ability of some food-based fractions to inhibit ACE was demonstrated. By targeting different mechanisms of antihypertensive action, the potential exists to improve the efficacy of dietary interventions for lowering blood pressure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2005

41. Fish oil feeding increases gut contractility in spontaneous hypertensive rat (SHR) model.

Author

Patten, G. S. and Abeywardena, M. Y.

Subjects
*FISH oils as feed, *CONTRACTILITY (Biology), *INTESTINES, *UNSATURATED fatty acids, *OMEGA-3 fatty acids, *LABORATORY rats
Abstract

Background - In a previous study we observed an apparent depression in prostanoid-induced contractility of the gut in the SHR compared to the normotensive (WKY) rat. Objective - To determine if diets containing n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) can overcome the defect in prostanoid-induced contractility in the SHR ileum. Design - Twelve week old SHR were fed diets for 12 weeks containing 5% fat as saturated fat, canola oil, or fish oil and compared with WKY control. Contractility of isolated ileal and colonic tissue was determined in an organ bath system in response to muscarinic and eicosanoid stimulators of gut isometric contraction. Outcomes - As previously demonstrated, there was a significantly depressed response in the SHR ileum to PGE2 and PGF2alpha compared to the WKY. Compared to the other diets, only fish oil supplementation resulted in a significant increase in maximal ileal contraction in response to acetylcholine and prostaglandins that was positively correlated with an increase in long chain (LC) n-3 PUFA (eicosapentaenoic [EPA] and docosahexaenoic acid [DHA]) in gut tissue. However, the canola diet rich in n-3 18:3 (alpha linoleic acid [ALA]) did not result in an increase in tissue LC n-3 PUFA or changes in contractility. Conclusions - Fish oil supplementation resulted in an increase of gut tissue LC n-3 PUFA content, increased ileal contractility and reversal of the depressed gut contractility response to prostanoids in SHR. Since prostaglandins are involved in homeostasis of gut integrity and contractility, these findings may be applicable to bowel health in regard to normal and disease states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2003

42. High saturated fat diet does not affect gut contractility in the rat.

Author

Patten, G. S. and Abeywardena, M. Y.

Subjects
*SATURATED fatty acids in human nutrition, *CONTRACTILITY (Biology), *INTESTINES, *SMOOTH muscle, *UNSATURATED fatty acids, *DIET in disease, *LABORATORY rats
Abstract

Background - High dietary levels of saturated fat has been shown to have adverse effects on the contractility of cardiac and vascular smooth muscles in normal or hypertensive animal models. In contrast, we have recently shown that dietary long chain (LC) n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) may have beneficial effects on gut smooth muscle contractility (1,2) in rats. However, the effect of a relatively high saturated fat diet on gut contractility has yet to be determined in animal models of health and disease. Objective - To determine the effect of high saturated fat diet on contractility of rat isolated gut tissue in the normotensive (WKY) and hypertensive (SHR) models. Design - Twelve week old WKY or SHR male rats were fed the following diets for 12 weeks: high saturated fat (30%) low carbohydrate (46%); high carbohydrate (73%) low fat 3%; or 10% fat 66% carbohydrate (Control). Contractility of isolated ileal and colonic tissue was determined in an organ bath system in response to muscarinic and eicosanoid agonists. Outcomes - There was no significant dietary effects on the sensitivity or maximal contractility due to muscarinic or eicosanoid agonist induced contraction in the ileum or colon of SHR or WKY rats. However, there was a significant depression in contractility in the ileum of the SHR in response to prostanoid (PGE2 or PGFalpha) stimulation. Conclusions - In contrast to LC n-3 PUFA in fish oil (1,2), the saturated fat level in the diet did not affect the contractility parameters of gut smooth muscle. However, there appeared to be a defect in prostanoid receptor mediated signalling and contractility in the ileum of the SHR independent of the dietary effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2003

45. THE BOWL.

Author

PATTEN, G. W.

Published
1839

48. SONG.

Author

PATTEN, G. W. and ARMY, U. S.

Published
1838

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results