Search

In the inevitable high-density urbanization process, existing urban green space (UGS) design approaches are ineffective in creating more green areas and combining multidisciplinary design principles to provide balanced sets of ecosystem services (ESs). This paper proposes a systematic framework for UGS design in the context of high-density urban development, results in spatial patterns, a pattern language, that combines specific design principles with a wide range of complementary ESs suitable for high-density environments. Such design approach can create more possibilities for UGS provisioning, deal with the complexity in high-density contexts, and provides consistency at different scale for UGS designs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban identity has been an elusive challenge in urban studies. This research investigates Hanoi's identity from 1873 to 1902 employing a methodology grounded in pattern and form languages, alongside the newly-developed Coherent Index. It finds that Hanoi's late nineteenth-century form emphasized multiple scales, clear connections between urban elements, and the prominence of focal points and distinctiveness. The city's form has been shaped by the interdependence of social and political needs among its diverse populations, connection to nature, and prestige, security, and symbolism. This research broadens the scope of urban identity across diverse contexts, enhancing comprehension of its intricate nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper describes a project conducted by a group of architecture students at the Cracow University of Technology. The research problem focused on common spaces in the learning environment, employing the theoretical framework of the sociology of architecture and the participatory design methodology. The project aimed to propose current design model solutions for inclusive and universally-accessible student places, reflecting on the initial studies and the design workshop experiences. The socio-spatial patterns proposed in this study were inspired by the concept of a pattern language developed by the team led by Christopher Alexander in the 1970s. In contrast to the original patterns, the new proposals for patterns of common student spaces are not statements, but questions. The answers to these questions involve different relationships between individuals (users) and the built environment, including those connecting users to the architectural work, the natural environment, other individuals, or user groups.

Systems Engineering (SE) may be one of the fastest‐evolving engineering disciplines today. With each technological innovation, the practice of systems engineering is challenged to adapt. Two such practices that have been appearing in university curricula are Model‐Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) and Architectural Patterns. The combination of MBSE and patterns has proven to be a powerful construct. This paper looks at the use of a space‐based patterns library (language) in a graduate‐level system engineering curriculum to teach MBSE. The International Council On Systems Engineering (INCOSE) "Systems Engineering Vision 2035" defines, that by 2035, the systems engineering practices will be based on a set of theoretical foundations and other general principles that are continuously taught as part of a systems engineering curriculum. This paper provides an approach and a solution to the needs of academic coursework for teaching model‐based systems engineering. The method presented in this paper details the usage of the pattern library concept developed for NASA and its usage by the systems engineering graduate students that eases the development of new space‐based systems architectures. Again, our objective is to incorporate INCOSE Vision 2035 in academia using Model‐Based Architectural Patterns for Teaching SE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Central China Normal University is the property of Huazhong Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of South Architecture / Nanfang Jianzhu is the property of South Architecture Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article considers architect Christopher Alexander's work in relation to a broader body of research and design focusing on phenomenologies of place and placemaking. The article begins by describing two contrasting ways of understanding wholeness—what are called analytic relationality and synergistic relationality. In analytic relationality, wholes are pictured as sets of arbitrary parts external to each other and among which are located linkages involving stronger and weaker connections and relationships. In contrast, synergistic relationality interprets wholes as dynamic, generative fields that sustain and are sustained by intensive parts that integrally belong to and support the whole. The argument is made that, in terms of synergistic relationality, places can be envisioned as interconnected fields of intertwined relationships gathering and gathered by a lived intimacy between people and world. The article illustrates how Alexander's approach to wholeness assumes a synergistic relationality and contributes to understanding, envisioning, and making places that are whole, robust, and life-enhancing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Christopher Alexander was often characterized—and sometimes seemed to characterize himself—as “sui generis,” a radical and perhaps even eccentric thinker on architecture, technology, culture, and nature. That perception in turn has led many to dismiss Alexander’s work as too idiosyncratic to be operationalized in the pragmatic world of planning and building. Here we show, however, that Alexander’s core ideas have strong parallels in contemporary network science, mathematics, physics, and philosophy, and in the pragmatic world of technological design (including computer software). We highlight a remaining gap in translating Alexander’s work into practical tools and strategies for implementation—a gap that is tantalizingly near to being bridged.

This article explores the use of the pattern language approach in bridging the gap between formal and informal urban planning practices in the African context. This study focuses on a case application within the urbanised region encompassing the Nakivubo wetland located in Kampala, Uganda. As in other cities in Africa with a colonial past, Kampala’s planning system signals a profound gap between a technocratic, European paradigms-based type of planning and the everyday practices of citizens. This results in a “dual city,” with formal and informal communities using resources and spaces differently, leading to spatial segregation and non-implementation of urban plans. To overcome this challenge, the pattern language approach is utilised in this research to link formal and informal practices through facilitating meaningful community participation and integrating tacit knowledge into the planning process. To achieve this, the researchers conducted fieldwork and interacted with the local community in informal settlements to develop informal patterns, while analysing the history and current organisation of formal planning institutions in Kampala to formulate formal patterns. The patterns were used as input for a community workshop, which resulted in a pattern language of wetland management practices and a framework that begins to bridge both formal and informal domains of urban practice. By using the pattern language approach as a tool to understand informal practices and their possible incorporation into a planning process that captures the needs of citizens, this research offers relevant insights into achieving sustainable and inclusive urban environments.

Based on Pattern 1 “Independent Regions” in the book A Pattern Language by Alexander et al. (1977), we investigate a fundamental socio-spatial alternative for reorganizing our world, countries, and metropolitan regions. When put into the context of large worldwide problems, such as climate change, nuclear danger, pandemics, overpopulation, and refugee crises, the innovative idea of “independent regions” presents itself as a promising alternative to the current imbalance of few large and dominant countries in contrast to a wide majority of smaller and medium-sized countries. Working on the development of a refugee pattern language (RPL), this alternative can help to solve larger worldwide problems including the human-made refugee problem. In RPL pattern “3.2 A World of Independent Regions,” we explore this bottom-up alternative based on fundamental principles with an ideal population size for governing itself democratically and equity among regions in a world community. Other considerations include the potential to reduce the root problem of refugee creation of big countries vs. small counties, in cooperation with independent regions, and world regions. Updating this concept involves considering suggestions and new ideas that might make the outcome richer in overlaps, assembly, and scope. The relevance and vision of this concept and pattern are probably most visible and needed in the current turmoil of a transforming world.

Christopher Alexander was often characterized--and sometimes seemed to characterize himself--as "sui generis," a radical and perhaps even eccentric thinker on architecture, technology, culture, and nature. That perception in turn has led many to dismiss Alexander's work as too idiosyncratic to be operationalized in the pragmatic world of planning and building. Here we show, however, that Alexander's core ideas have strong parallels in contemporary network science, mathematics, physics, and philosophy, and in the pragmatic world of technological design (including computer software). We highlight a remaining gap in translating Alexander's work into practical tools and strategies for implementation--a gap that is tantalizingly near to being bridged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the use of the pattern language approach in bridging the gap between formal and informal urban planning practices in the African context. This study focuses on a case application within the urbanised region encompassing the Nakivubo wetland located in Kampala, Uganda. As in other cities in Africa with a colonial past, Kampala's planning system signals a profound gap between a technocratic, European paradigms-based type of planning and the everyday practices of citizens. This results in a "dual city," with formal and informal communities using resources and spaces differently, leading to spatial segregation and non-implementation of urban plans. To overcome this challenge, the pattern language approach is utilised in this research to link formal and informal practices through facilitating meaningful community participation and integrating tacit knowledge into the planning process. To achieve this, the researchers conducted fieldwork and interacted with the local community in informal settlements to develop informal patterns, while analysing the history and current organisation of formal planning institutions in Kampala to formulate formal patterns. The patterns were used as input for a community workshop, which resulted in a pattern language of wetland management practices and a framework that begins to bridge both formal and informal domains of urban practice. By using the pattern language approach as a tool to understand informal practices and their possible incorporation into a planning process that captures the needs of citizens, this research offers relevant insights into achieving sustainable and inclusive urban environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on Pattern 1 "Independent Regions" in the book A Pattern Language by Alexander et al. (1977), we investigate a fundamental socio-spatial alternative for reorganizing our world, countries, and metropolitan regions. When put into the context of large worldwide problems, such as climate change, nuclear danger, pandemics, overpopulation, and refugee crises, the innovative idea of "independent regions" presents itself as a promising alternative to the current imbalance of few large and dominant countries in contrast to a wide majority of smaller and medium-sized countries. Working on the development of a refugee pattern language (RPL), this alternative can help to solve larger worldwide problems including the human-made refugee problem. In RPL pattern "3.2 A World of Independent Regions," we explore this bottom-up alternative based on fundamental principles with an ideal population size for governing itself democratically and equity among regions in a world community. Other considerations include the potential to reduce the root problem of refugee creation of big countries vs. small counties, in cooperation with independent regions, and world regions. Updating this concept involves considering suggestions and new ideas that might make the outcome richer in overlaps, assembly, and scope. The relevance and vision of this concept and pattern are probably most visible and needed in the current turmoil of a transforming world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on how to solve the demand of how to quickly explore more urban space design and layout in terms of the conservation and reuse of historical blocks under computer-aided design technology. Referring to urban inductive patterns, the author establishes an urban space design grammar of historical districts based on shape grammar and pattern language. It forms a complete generative urban space design method involving morphological analysis, rule-making, and scheme generation. Furthermore, taking the typical Russian-style historical block along the Chinese Eastern Railway—the historical district in front of Anda Station as an application example—this paper completed the generative urban space design process of block redevelopment and environmental reconstruction, which, using computer-aided technology, was under the premise of protecting the original historic block fabric. The final two group results of the experimental plot and the other plots of the historical district show that this method can quickly and accurately generate lots of urban space design schemes that meet the designers' pre-thinking, and these schemes can be modified by real-time calculation and interactive operation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New space mission profiles arise from the convergence of reduced launch prices, miniaturization of electronics and the maturation of on-orbit servicing technologies. Additionally, a shift towards challenging Lunar objectives pushes for interconnected and complex-mode missions, and trends towards low-cost, sustainability and autonomy also encourage complex modes. The field of space logistics aims to develop conceptual and computational tools to optimize multi-node material-flow networks. However, existing tools insufficiently address the challenge of generating and comparing mission concepts methodically. Through a comprehensive literature review and a case study, we: (1) establish a need for a design support tool for early-phase complex space mission concept generation; (2) establish the potential of a novel approach using pattern languages; (3) propose and describe a concept for an innovative interdisciplinary tool using the identified methods; (4) verify the proposed support tool concept by replicating the Apollo study results as a proof of concept. We created a pattern language in which words are mission concept of operations elements, the grammar is an assembly algorithm allowing to generate options automatically, and the writing system is intuitively readable diagrams illustrating candidate mission modes. Key figures of merit are also automatically compiled. Among the concepts we generated for the Apollo proof of concept study, the four principal candidates considered in 1962 were captured and ranked in the same order as historically and in recent literature. Findings are consistent with Apollo's choice of designing two modules to be separated in Lunar orbit, thus confirming the proposed tool's potential. Decision-makers could be supported in the early stages of the mission design process, where most of the value is locked in, by complementing existing methods such as concurrent engineering. Efficiently designing complex-mode missions is key to enabling cost-effective and highly ambitious missions, therefore supporting cislunar economy development. • Gap for a design support tool for early-phase complex space mission design. • Potential of a novel approach using pattern languages and matheuristics. • Proposition and description of a concept for an innovative interdisciplinary tool using pattern languages and matheuristics. • Verification of the proposed support tool concept by recreating the Apollo study results as a proof-of-concept. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The shape grammar can reveal the socio-spatial uniqueness that moulds the geometric shapes and elements of the house facade in a dense area of the urban kampung. The façade tends to not have the exact pattern due to adjustment of daily activities and needs in Tambora Jakarta. However, the grassroots have formed the pattern of events along the alley that represents contexts like milieu, economics, and social conditions. The alley has overlapping layers between private and public activities, which contribute to the geometric shapes and elements of the façade in Tambora. The house facade depicts activities and relationships inside and outside that manifest in geometric shapes and elements of the facade. Hereafter, this research combines the shape grammar for the geometric pattern of the facade and the pattern language for the qualitative contexts. The first step is categorising the geometric shapes and elements of the facade and the socio-spatial aspects into defined shape rules. Then, mapping the pattern language of activities and needs between inside–house program and outside–the use of space along the alley to delineate spatial relation. The result intends to comprehend the correlation between the logic of the geometric shape and facade elements concerning the qualitative context.

Copyright of New Architecture is the property of New Architecture Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper focuses on how to solve the demand of how to quickly explore more urban space design and layout in terms of the conservation and reuse of historical blocks under computer-aided design technology. Referring to urban inductive patterns, the author establishes an urban space design grammar of historical districts based on shape grammar and pattern language. It forms a complete generative urban space design method involving morphological analysis, rule-making, and scheme generation. Furthermore, taking the typical Russian-style historical block along the Chinese Eastern Railway—the historical district in front of Anda Station as an application example—this paper completed the generative urban space design process of block redevelopment and environmental reconstruction, which, using computer-aided technology, was under the premise of protecting the original historic block fabric. The final two group results of the experimental plot and the other plots of the historical district show that this method can quickly and accurately generate lots of urban space design schemes that meet the designers’ pre-thinking, and these schemes can be modified by real-time calculation and interactive operation.

The growing interest of organizations in improving their software processes has led them to aim at achieving high maturity, where statistical process control (SPC) is required. One of the challenges involved in performing SPC is selecting measures suitable for it. Measures used in SPC can be found in the literature and can be reused by organizations, but the information is dispersed, not favoring reuse. From measures suggested in the literature or used in practical experiences, it is possible to identify patterns that can be used to support organizations in measurement planning. Patterns can be organized as pattern languages, which favor reuse and contribute towards increasing productivity. In this work, from the results of a systematic mapping and a survey, we identified measurement planning patterns in the Goal-Question-Metric format and organized them in a Measurement Planning Pattern Language (MePPLa). MePPLa was created by following a Systematic Approach for creating Measurement Planning Pattern Languages (SAMPPLa), also defined in this work. This paper presents SAMPPLa, MePPLa and the main results of a study carried out to evaluate MePPLa. The results showed that using MePPLa is viable and useful to aid in software measurement planning. Mainly, MePPLa contributes to increasing productivity when creating a measurement plan and the quality of the resulting measurement plan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Central Europe witnessed an urban boom at the beginning of the 20th century. By that time, the leading state of the area was Austria-Hungary, with Vienna as its capital. Before the First World War, even larger expansion of the cities was predictable. Otto Wagner, a leading architect of the empire and an expert in urban planning and architectural theory, published his vision about the future of the evolution of cities in 1911. In this book, he formulates clear rules about how a city should sustainably expand in a controlled manner. In this article, these rules of the inherited patterns are systematised and turned into recursive algorithms to simulate the urban growth controlled by them and the resulting patterns. The algorithms are tested on 1911 Vienna and, as comparison, on 2021 Miskolc, a medium-sized city in Hungary with different geographic surroundings. In the article, the resulting patterns are presented in 2D and 3D.

An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is an autonomous flying robot that has attracted the interest of several communities because of its capacity to increase the safety and productivity of labor. In terms of software engineering, UAV system development is extremely difficult because the focus is not only on functional requirement fulfillment, but also on nonfunctional requirements such as security and safety, which play a crucial role in mission success. Consequently, architecture robustness is very important, and one of the most common architectures developed is based on a centralized pattern in which all UAVs are controlled from a central location. Even though this is a very important problem, many developers must expend a great deal of effort to adapt and improve security. This is because there are few practical perspectives of security development in the context of UAV system development; therefore, the study of attack and defense patterns in centralized architecture is required to fill this knowledge gap. This paper concentrates on enhancing the security aspect of UAV system development by examining attack and defense patterns in centralized architectures. We contribute to the field by identifying 26 attack variations, presenting corresponding countermeasures from a software analyst’s standpoint, and supplying a node.js code template for developers to strengthen their systems’ security. Our comprehensive analysis evaluates the proposed defense strategies in terms of time and space complexity, ensuring their effectiveness. By providing a focused and in-depth perspective on security patterns, our research offers crucial guidance for communities and developers working on UAV-based systems, facilitating the development of more secure and robust solutions.

The purpose of this paper is to present a specific case of CALL task design adopting the patterns-based learning design approach. The approach provides a common framework/vocabulary for educational designers, particularly teachers, to systematically capture, articulate, make explicit, share and reuse expert knowledge of teaching and good design. Over the past 10–15 years, considerable advances have been made in both learning design (LD) and learning analytics (LA) research in terms of research outputs. However, the anticipated impact and benefits, e.g. the patterns-based approach, to the everyday practice of teachers and learners have been invisible or mostly unrealized. Research to explore CALL task design with reference to LD and LA is underrepresented in the literature. The aim of this paper is to explain the challenges faced by CALL designers/teachers in task design and reflect on them methodologically with relation to the patterns-based approach. It firstly provides an overview of the CALL task design literature to highlight the gaps and weaknesses in the research and practice, followed by an introduction of the concept of design patterns. This paper then examines three CALL tasks from two current online language learning beginners courses in a New Zealand university, and develops them into design patterns. Explanation of how they were developed and discussion of the possible added value of design pattern to the design of CALL tasks are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Existing tools for capturing a community’s vision during a spatial planning and land-use management exercise often do not adequately articulate a community’s vision in an inspiring way and in a way that planners and the community are able to communicate what the vision actually means. The ‘pattern language’ approach, pioneered by Christopher Alexander and others, is introduced as a possible ‘new’ approach in South Africa that can be used to articulate a community’s vision as part of a municipal spatial development framework planning process. It is shown, based on qualitative research conducted at Mooiplaas, in the Great Kei Municipality in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa, that a preliminary pattern language can be developed by working with a specific community to identify those features of their community they would like to retain and improve as well as what new features they would like to introduce into their community based on their vision. Areas for further research related to the ‘pattern language’ concept are identified.

The aim of this commentary is to present the position that a pattern language approach facilitates, even catalyzes (comparative) learning in planning for young professionals. This position builds on literature and is supported by the research work of six MSc Urbanism graduation projects, in which the students adopted a pattern language approach. Additionally, these alumni have been asked in retrospect to evaluate their pattern language experiences for their learning. The students say their pattern languages give focus, enrich the knowledge field, are flexible, and they do not prescribe what to do, or how to make a plan. Students see and appreciate the value of the simple, yet thoughtful structure of a pattern with both visual and verbal information. Additionally, they observe that this method enables the connection between disciplines, between theory and practice, and between stakeholders, and that, potentially, it is a helpful tool for all kinds of stakeholders. They refer to the method as a tool for communication, a tool for design and analysis, and a tool for learning.

Christopher Alexander has been a leading pioneer of academic research on architectural and urban design since the early 1960s. He is also a practicing architect and builder with a passion for creating and restoring life and beauty to our physical environment. In this essay I review, evaluate, and reflect on some of his particularly fruitful, promising, or problematic ideas. I will put forth some ideas of my own for clarification, and to indicate avenues for future research. I argue that Alexander’s notion of patterns (a verbal medium for capturing and conveying design knowledge in a systematic, reusable form) is in need of conceptual development along lines I suggest, even though Alexander downplayed the significance of patterns as he moved on to other theoretical ideas (mainly about aesthetics) later in his career. While I go into some detail about selected parts of Alexander’s work, the intended readership of this essay is not restricted to specialists. I have made an effort to provide guidance and background information to readers not already familiar with Alexander’s comprehensive body of theory.

The urban identity of Tehran's District One has undergone many changes over time. The present study seeks to find the mental meanings of the people of District One of Tehran by considering the mental images of the people and examining the maps of the urban geographic information system. The present research aims at presenting an explanation of a conceptual model. The main purpose of this study is to find parameters in order to strengthen the identity of urban space based on pattern language theory. Data collection using cognitive mapping method, these patterns are obtained in accordance with the method mentioned by Christopher Alexander for region one. The 14 patterns are specific to region one, and through the method used in this study, these patterns can be used for other urban areas in Iran as well.The present study seeks to find the subjective meanings of the people of a Tehran area by considering the popular mental images and maps of the urban GIS system so that by relying on these images and analyzing them, they can provide living patterns (parameters). The main purpose of this research is to find parameters to enhance the meaning of urban space based on pattern language theory which is done by field surveys and indications obtained in data collection and use of cognitive mapping method. The 14 models are specific to Region 1 and can be applied to other urban areas in Iran through the method used in this study. District 1 of Tehran had experienced many changes during past few decades and much of these changes, had included few tangible matters, and never considered public’s concept of urban system pattern. The present study, tried to explain pattern language system of district 1 of Tehran, based Christopher Alexander’s theory of pattern language and adapt this theory to public’s concepts. This purpose was done by examining different theories belonging to prominent theoreticians, interviews and maps obtained from the public and adapting them to the data of district 1 urban geographic system, living patterns were obtained according to pattern language theory.