465 results on '"Paul J, Taylor"'
Search Results
2. Cross cultural verbal cues to deception: truth and lies in first and second language forensic interview contexts
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Coral J. Dando, Paul J. Taylor, and Alexandra L. Sandham
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detecting deception ,plausibility ,first and second language ,cross cultural ,South Asian ,Psychology ,BF1-990 - Abstract
IntroductionThe verbal deception literature is largely based upon North American and Western European monolingual English speaker interactions. This paper extends this literature by comparing the verbal behaviors of 88 south Asian bilinguals, conversing in either first (Hindi) or second (English) languages, and 48 British monolinguals conversing in English.MethodsAll participated in a live event following which they were interviewed having been incentivized to be either deceptive or truthful. Event details, complications, verifiable sources, and plausibility ratings were analyzed as a function of veracity, language and culture.ResultsMain effects revealed cross cultural similarities in both first and second language interviews whereby all liar’s verbal responses were impoverished and rated as less plausible than truthtellers. However, a series of cross-cultural interactions emerged whereby bi-lingual South Asian truthtellers and liars interviewed in first and second languages exhibited varying patterns of verbal behaviors, differences that have the potential to trigger erroneous assessments in practice.DiscussionDespite limitations, including concerns centered on the reductionary nature of deception research, our results highlight that while cultural context is important, impoverished, simple verbal accounts should trigger a ‘red flag’ for further attention irrespective of culture or interview language, since the cognitive load typically associated with formulating a deceptive account apparently emerges in a broadly similar manner.
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- 2023
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3. A systematic literature review of blockchain cyber security.
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Paul J. Taylor, Tooska Dargahi, Ali Dehghantanha, Reza M. Parizi, and Kim-Kwang Raymond Choo
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- 2020
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4. Poles Apart? The Extent of Similarity Between Online Extremist and Non-extremist Message Content
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Sheryl Prentice and Paul J. Taylor
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extremism ,counter-extremism ,mainstream ,(dis)similarity ,positioning ,resistance ,Psychology ,BF1-990 - Abstract
Within studies of extremism, extremist and non-extremist messages are generally treated as two sets of competing constructed narratives. However, some research has argued that these message forms are not dichotomous and that non-extremist narratives demonstrate overlap with extremist master narratives. The aim of this paper is to test this hypothesis empirically by comparing 250 extremist, 250 mainstream and 250 counter-extremist messages. The paper finds considerable overlap between extremist and non-extremist material. However, an analysis of underlying content suggests that this overlap may not be so much due to the extensive adoption of an extremist master narrative by non-extremist authors, but rather a question of resistance and positioning, specifically, who are authors resisting and why? The findings have implications for counter-extremism policy.
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- 2021
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5. Predicting Collective Action from Micro-Blog Data.
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Christos Charitonidis, Awais Rashid, and Paul J. Taylor
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- 2017
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6. Birth of a Live Cria After Transfer of a Vitrified-Warmed Alpaca (Vicugna pacos) Preimplantation Embryo
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Jennifer C. Lutz, Susan L. Johnson, Kimberly J. Duprey, Paul J. Taylor, Henry William Vivanco-Mackie, Daniel Ponce-Salazar, Marlene Miguel-Gonzales, and Curtis R. Youngs
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cryopreservation ,galactose ,South American camelid ,vitrification ,hatched blastocyst ,Veterinary medicine ,SF600-1100 - Abstract
The alpaca (Vicugna pacos) is an important species for the production of fiber and food. Genetic improvement programs for alpacas have been hindered, however, by the lack of field-practical techniques for artificial insemination and embryo transfer. In particular, successful techniques for the cryopreservation of alpaca preimplantation embryos have not been reported previously. The objective of this study was to develop a field-practical and efficacious technique for cryopreservation of alpaca preimplantation embryos using a modification of a vitrification protocol originally devised for horses and adapted for dromedary camels. Four naturally cycling non-superovulated Huacaya females serving as embryo donors were mated to males of proven fertility. Donors received 30 μg of gonadorelin at the time of breeding, and embryos were non-surgically recovered 7 days after mating. Recovered embryos (n = 4) were placed individually through a series of three vitrification solutions at 20°C (VS1: 1.4 M glycerol; VS2: 1.4 M glycerol + 3.6 M ethylene glycol; VS3: 3.4 M glycerol + 4.6 M ethylene glycol) before loading into an open-pulled straw (OPS) and plunging directly into liquid nitrogen for storage. At warming, each individual embryo was sequentially placed through warming solutions (WS1: 0.5 M galactose at 37°C; WS2: 0.25 M galactose at 20°C), and warmed embryos were incubated at 37°C in 5% CO2 in humidified air for 20–22 h in 1 ml Syngro® holding medium supplemented with 10% (v/v) alpaca serum to perform an initial in vitro assessment of post-warming viability. Embryos whose diameter increased during culture (n = 2) were transferred individually into synchronous recipients, whereas embryos that did not grow (n = 2) were transferred together into a single recipient to perform an in vivo assessment of post-warming viability. Initial pregnancy detection was performed ultrasonographically 29 days post-transfer when fetal heartbeat could be detected, and one of three recipients was pregnant (25% embryo survival rate). On November 13, 2019, the one pregnant recipient delivered what is believed to be the world's first cria produced from a vitrified-warmed alpaca embryo.
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- 2020
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7. Correction of ‘Culture moderates changes in linguistic selfpresentation and detail provision when deceiving others’
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Paul J. Taylor, Samuel Larner, Stacey M. Conchie, and Tarek Menacere
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Science - Published
- 2020
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8. project SENSE - Multimodal Simulation with Full-Body Real-Time Verbal and Nonverbal Interactions.
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Hossein Miri 0001, Jan Kolkmeier, Paul J. Taylor, Ronald Poppe, and Dirk Heylen
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- 2016
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9. Mimicry in online conversations: An exploratory study of linguistic analysis techniques.
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Tom Carrick, Awais Rashid, and Paul J. Taylor
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- 2016
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10. Weak Signals as Predictors of Real-World Phenomena in Social Media.
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Christos Charitonidis, Awais Rashid, and Paul J. Taylor
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- 2015
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11. To freeze or not to freeze: A culture-sensitive motion capture approach to detecting deceit.
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Sophie van der Zee, Ronald Poppe, Paul J Taylor, and Ross Anderson
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
We present a new signal for detecting deception: full body motion. Previous work on detecting deception from body movement has relied either on human judges or on specific gestures (such as fidgeting or gaze aversion) that are coded by humans. While this research has helped to build the foundation of the field, results are often characterized by inconsistent and contradictory findings, with small-stakes lies under lab conditions detected at rates little better than guessing. We examine whether a full body motion capture suit, which records the position, velocity, and orientation of 23 points in the subject's body, could yield a better signal of deception. Interviewees of South Asian (n = 60) or White British culture (n = 30) were required to either tell the truth or lie about two experienced tasks while being interviewed by somebody from their own (n = 60) or different culture (n = 30). We discovered that full body motion-the sum of joint displacements-was indicative of lying 74.4% of the time. Further analyses indicated that including individual limb data in our full body motion measurements can increase its discriminatory power to 82.2%. Furthermore, movement was guilt- and penitential-related, and occurred independently of anxiety, cognitive load, and cultural background. It appears that full body motion can be an objective nonverbal indicator of deceit, showing that lying does not cause people to freeze.
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- 2019
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12. A Novel Gastric Spheroid Co-culture Model Reveals Chemokine-Dependent Recruitment of Human Dendritic Cells to the Gastric EpitheliumSummary
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Thomas A. Sebrell, Marziah Hashimi, Barkan Sidar, Royce A. Wilkinson, Liliya Kirpotina, Mark T. Quinn, Zeynep Malkoç, Paul J. Taylor, James N. Wilking, and Diane Bimczok
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Diseases of the digestive system. Gastroenterology ,RC799-869 - Abstract
Background & Aims: Gastric dendritic cells (DCs) control the adaptive response to infection with Helicobacter pylori, a major risk factor for peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer. We hypothesize that DC interactions with the gastric epithelium position gastric DCs for uptake of luminal H pylori and promote DC responses to epithelial-derived mediators. The aim of this study was to determine whether the gastric epithelium actively recruits DCs using a novel co-culture model of human gastric epithelial spheroids and monocyte-derived DCs. Methods: Spheroid cultures of primary gastric epithelial cells were infected with H pylori by microinjection. Co-cultures were established by adding human monocyte-derived DCs to the spheroid cultures and were analyzed for DC recruitment and antigen uptake by confocal microscopy. Protein array, gene expression polymerase chain reaction array, and chemotaxis assays were used to identify epithelial-derived chemotactic factors that attract DCs. Data from the co-culture model were confirmed using human gastric tissue samples. Results: Human monocyte-derived DCs co-cultured with gastric spheroids spontaneously migrated to the gastric epithelium, established tight interactions with the epithelial cells, and phagocytosed luminally applied H pylori. DC recruitment was increased upon H pylori infection of the spheroids and involved the activity of multiple chemokines including CXCL1, CXCL16, CXCL17, and CCL20. Enhanced chemokine expression and DC recruitment to the gastric epithelium also was observed in H pylori–infected human gastric tissue samples. Conclusions: Our results indicate that the gastric epithelium actively recruits DCs for immunosurveillance and pathogen sampling through chemokine-dependent mechanisms, with increased recruitment upon active H pylori infection. Keywords: Stomach, Organoid, Mononuclear Phagocyte, In Vitro Model
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- 2019
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13. Conspiracy theories: why they are believed and how they can be challenged
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Ivan Sebalo, Linden J. Ball, John E. Marsh, Andy M. Morley, Beth H. Richardson, Paul J. Taylor, and Emma Threadgold
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System 1 versus System 2 processing ,Psykologi ,conspiracy belief ,Conspiracy theories ,Psychology ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,interventions ,belief in the paranormal - Abstract
The current study aimed: (i) to identify personal characteristics associated with endorsing conspiracy theories; and (ii) to investigate methods for dispelling conspiracy beliefs. Participants were shown a single conspiracy theory and they also completed questionnaires about their reasoning skills, types of information processing (System 1 vs. System 2), endorsement of paranormal beliefs, locus of control and pattern perception. To challenge the endorsement of the conspiracy, participants read either: (i) neutral information; (ii) a critical analysis of the vignette; (iii) a critical analysis of the vignette with discussion of realistic consequences; or (iv) a critical analysis of the vignette with “feeling of control” priming. Only addressing the consequences of the conspiracy theory decreased its endorsement. Furthermore, only type of information processing and belief in paranormal phenomena, were associated with endorsement of the conspiracy. These findings are discussed in relation to previous studies and theories of conspiratorial ideation. Validerad;2023;Nivå 2;2023-05-08 (hanlid)
- Published
- 2023
14. A Personalized Mass Spectrometry–Based Assay to Monitor M-Protein in Patients with Multiple Myeloma (EasyM)
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Suzanne Trudel, Eshetu G. Atenafu, Chenyu Yao, Mariya S. Liyasova, Donna E. Reece, Qixin Liu, Bin Ma, Zac McDonald, Xin Xu, Giovanni Piza, Kathleen Gorospe, Paul J. Taylor, and Liqiang Yang
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Oncology ,Cancer Research ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Myeloma protein ,business.industry ,medicine.disease ,Mass spectrometry ,Minimal residual disease ,Clinical trial ,Internal medicine ,Medicine ,Biomarker (medicine) ,business ,Progressive disease ,Multiple myeloma ,Lenalidomide ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Purpose: M-protein is a well-established biomarker used for multiple myeloma monitoring. Current improvements in multiple myeloma treatment created the need to monitor minimal residual disease (MRD) with high sensitivity. Measuring residual levels of M-protein in serum by MS was established as a sensitive assay for disease monitoring. In this study we evaluated the performance of EasyM—a noninvasive, sensitive, MS-based assay for M-protein monitoring. Experimental Design: Twenty-six patients enrolled in MCRN-001 clinical trial of two high-dose alkylating agents as conditioning followed by lenalidomide maintenance were selected for the study. All selected patients achieved complete responses (CR) during treatment, whereas five experienced progressive disease on study. The M-protein of each patient was first sequenced from the diagnostic serum using our de novo protein sequencing platform. The patient-specific M-protein peptides were then measured by targeted MS assay to monitor the response to treatment. Results: The M-protein doubling over 6 months measured by EasyM could predict the relapse in 4 of 5 relapsed patients 2 to 11 months earlier than conventional testing. In 21 disease-free patients, the M-protein was still detectable by EasyM despite normal FLC and MRD negativity. Importantly, of 72 MRD negative samples with CR status, 62 were positive by EasyM. The best sensitivity achieved by EasyM, detecting 0.58 mg/L of M-protein, was 1,000- and 200-fold higher compared with serum protein electrophoresis and immunofixation electrophoresis, respectively. Conclusions: EasyM was demonstrated to be a noninvasive, sensitive assay with superior performance compared with other assays, making it ideal for multiple myeloma monitoring and relapse prediction.
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- 2021
15. Culture moderates changes in linguistic self-presentation and detail provision when deceiving others
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Paul J. Taylor, Samuel Larner, Stacey M. Conchie, and Tarek Menacere
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cross-cultural ,language ,deception ,self-construal ,memory ,Science - Abstract
Change in our language when deceiving is attributable to differences in the affective and cognitive experience of lying compared to truth telling, yet these experiences are also subject to substantial individual differences. On the basis of previous evidence of cultural differences in self-construal and remembering, we predicted and found evidence for cultural differences in the extent to which truths and lies contained self (versus other) references and perceptual (versus social) details. Participants (N = 320) of Black African, South Asian, White European and White British ethnicity completed a catch-the-liar task in which they provided genuine and fabricated statements about either their past experiences or an opinion and counter-opinion. Across the four groups we observed a trend for using more/fewer first-person pronouns and fewer/more third-person pronouns when lying, and a trend for including more/fewer perceptual details and fewer/more social details when lying. Contrary to predicted cultural differences in emotion expression, all participants showed more positive affect and less negative affect when lying. Our findings show that liars deceive in ways that are congruent with their cultural values and norms, and that this may result in opposing changes in behaviour.
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- 2017
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16. Revisiting the Colletotrichum species causing anthracnose of almond in Australia
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Jacqueline Edwards, D. D. de Silva, Tim Sawbridge, S. McKay, Paul J. Taylor, Piyumi N Ekanayake, Ross Mann, and Jatinder Kaur
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0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Entomology ,biology ,Phylogenetic tree ,food and beverages ,Plant Science ,biology.organism_classification ,01 natural sciences ,DNA sequencing ,Crop ,03 medical and health sciences ,030104 developmental biology ,Colletotrichum ,Colletotrichum acutatum ,Phylogenetics ,Botany ,Gene ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Almond production is a significant horticulture crop for Australia. Serious yield losses can be caused by the fungal disease anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum species that infect the fruit and leaves. Genomic sequence data for gene extraction, along with multigene phylogenetic analyses and whole genome average nucleotide identity (ANI) analysis were used to determine the phylogeny of Colletotrichum isolates collected from almonds across Australia. Multigene phylogenetic analyses of six gene regions (ITS, tub2, gapdh, chs-1, act and his3) identified C. acutatum sensu stricto, C. fioriniae and C. simmondsii as pathogens of almond. Similar topology was observed using ANI, which provided increased resolution within C. acutatum, with isolates separating largely according to geographic origin. The ANI analysis also supported three separate species with isolates within each species sharing >98.7% ANI (species cut off = 95%), while between species there was
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- 2021
17. Oral hygiene effects verbal and nonverbal displays of confidence
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David A. Ellis, Faye D. Banks, Brittany I. Davidson, Steven James Watson, Juliaana Julku, Daniel Jolley, Paul J. Taylor, Lynn Weiher, and Psychology of Conflict, Risk and Safety
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Male ,Toothbrushing ,Social Psychology ,Adolescent ,UT-Hybrid-D ,050109 social psychology ,consumer behavior ,Oral hygiene ,050105 experimental psychology ,Interpersonal behavior ,Developmental psychology ,Nonverbal communication ,A900 ,Young Adult ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Interpersonal Relations ,Nonverbal Communication ,Students ,priming ,business.industry ,Verbal Behavior ,05 social sciences ,Oral Hygiene ,C900 ,C800 ,Female ,confidence ,Psychology ,business ,Priming (psychology) ,Toothpastes - Abstract
Although oral hygiene is known to impact self-confidence and self-esteem, little is known about how it influences our interpersonal behavior. Using a wearable, multi-sensor device, we examined differences in consumers’ individual and interpersonal confidence after they had or had not brushed their teeth. Students (N = 140) completed nine one-to-one, 3-minute “speed dating” interactions while wearing a device that records verbal, nonverbal, and mimicry behavior. Half of the participants brushed their teeth using Close-Up toothpaste (Unilever) prior to the interactions, whilst the other half abstained from brushing that morning. Compared to those who had not brushed their teeth, participants who had brushed were more verbally confident (i.e., spoke louder, over-talked more), showed less nonverbal nervousness (i.e., fidgeted less), and were more often perceived as being “someone similar to me.” These effects were moderated by attractiveness but not by self-esteem or self-monitoring.
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- 2021
18. Pathogenicity of Colletotrichum species causing anthracnose of Capsicum in Asia
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Paul J. Taylor, Dilani D. de Silva, and Peter K. Ades
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Colletotrichum ,biology ,Botany ,Genetics ,Bioassay ,Plant Science ,Colletotrichum species ,Horticulture ,biology.organism_classification ,Pathogenicity ,Agronomy and Crop Science - Published
- 2021
19. Analyzing the semantic content and persuasive composition of extremist media: A case study of texts produced during the Gaza conflict.
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Sheryl Prentice, Paul J. Taylor, Paul Rayson, Andrew Hoskins, and Ben O'Loughlin
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- 2011
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20. A systematic literature review of blockchain cyber security
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Ali Dehghantanha, Paul J. Taylor, Tooska Dargahi, Kim-Kwang Raymond Choo, and Reza M. Parizi
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Cryptocurrency ,IoT ,Blockchain ,Computer Networks and Communications ,Computer science ,02 engineering and technology ,Certification ,Cyber security ,Computer security ,computer.software_genre ,Public-key cryptography ,020210 optoelectronics & photonics ,White paper ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Web application ,lcsh:T58.5-58.64 ,lcsh:Information technology ,business.industry ,020206 networking & telecommunications ,Systematic review ,Hardware and Architecture ,Distributed ledger technology ,business ,Personally identifiable information ,computer ,Smart contracts - Abstract
Since the publication of Satoshi Nakamoto's white paper on Bitcoin in 2008, blockchain has (slowly) become one of the most frequently discussed methods for securing data storage and transfer through decentralized, trustless, peer-to-peer systems. This research identifies peer-reviewed literature that seeks to utilize blockchain for cyber security purposes and presents a systematic analysis of the most frequently adopted blockchain security applications. Our findings show that the Internet of Things (IoT) lends itself well to novel blockchain applications, as do networks and machine visualization, public key cryptography, web applications, certification schemes and the secure storage of Personally Identifiable Information (PII). This timely systematic review also sheds light on future directions of research, education and practices in the blockchain and cyber security space, such as security of blockchain in IoT, security of blockchain for AI data, and sidechain security,etc.
- Published
- 2020
21. Communication Error Management in Law Enforcement Interactions
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Ellen Giebels, Miriam Sharon Daniëlle Oostinga, Paul J. Taylor, and Psychology of Conflict, Risk and Safety
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media_common.quotation_subject ,education ,Crisis negotiation ,UT-Hybrid-D ,050109 social psychology ,communication errors ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,Political science ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Communication source ,General Psychology ,suspect interview ,media_common ,Law and economics ,crisis negotiation ,050901 criminology ,05 social sciences ,Perspective (graphical) ,Law enforcement ,22/2 OA procedure ,humanities ,error management ,Negotiation ,Error Management ,0509 other social sciences ,Suspect ,Law ,response strategies - Abstract
We examined the psychological and behavioral consequences of making a communication error in expressive crisis negotiations and instrumental suspect interviews. During crisis negotiation ( n = 133) or suspect interview ( n = 68) training, Dutch police and probation officers received preparation material that led them to make a factual, judgment, or no error. Across both studies, errors increased officers’ negative affect, with errors leading to more stress in crisis negotiations and more distraction in suspect interviews. When comparing factual with judgment errors, factual errors led to more distraction in crisis negotiations and more negative affect in suspect interviews. Analysis of the transcribed dialogues identified four categories of response: apologize, exploration, deflect, and no alignment. Of these, negotiators used all four regularly, whereas interviewers predominantly used exploration and deflect. Our findings revealed the potentially negative effects of errors on officers and offered insights into how they could best focus to induce an appropriate response.
- Published
- 2020
22. Measurement practices exacerbate the generalizability crisis: Novel digital measures can help
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Clemens Stachl, David A. Ellis, Adam Joinson, Paul J. Taylor, and Brittany I. Davidson
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Focus (computing) ,Emerging technologies ,Physiology ,Behavioural sciences ,computer science ,behavioral science ,Data science ,Behavioral Neuroscience ,Fragility ,Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology ,Generalizability theory ,other research area ,social sciences - Abstract
Psychology's tendency to focus on confirmatory analyses before ensuring constructs are clearly defined and accurately measured is exacerbating the generalizability crisis. Our growing use of digital behaviors as predictors has revealed the fragility of subjective measures and the latent constructs they scaffold. However, new technologies can provide opportunities to improve conceptualizations, theories, and measurement practices.
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- 2022
23. Seed tuber incidence, identification and pathogenicity of Verticillium species infecting potatoes in South East Australia
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P. V. R. Nair, N. S. Crump, T. J. Wiechel, and Paul J. Taylor
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0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,biology ,Inoculation ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,fungi ,food and beverages ,Plant Science ,biology.organism_classification ,Verticillium ,Pathogenicity ,01 natural sciences ,03 medical and health sciences ,Horticulture ,030104 developmental biology ,Colonization ,Verticillium dahliae ,Verticillium wilt ,Vascular tissue ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Verticillium wilt, caused by the soilborne fungi Verticillium dahliae and Verticillium albo-atrum, is a serious disease of potato as well as many other crops. Potato seed tuber surveys (2010 to 2012) from Victoria and Tasmania, Australia identified V. dahliae, V. albo-atrum and V. tricorpus infecting the stem end vascular tissue of seed tubers. The species were identified by traditional morphology and phylogenetic analysis of the ITS region. Isolation of V. dahliae within a seed lot varied greatly and ranged from 0 to 55%. Verticillium spp. were isolated from the stem-end vascular tissue of tubers from seed lots from Victoria and Tasmania with an overall percent infection of 27.7 (V. dahliae), 8.4 (V. albo-atrum) and 4.8 (V. tricorpus). Verticillium dahliae was isolated from 11% of tubers with discoloured stem-end vascular tissue and 3.3% of tubers without stem-end vascular decolourisation suggesting that tuber stem end vascular discolouration symptoms were not a reliable indication of Verticillium wilt infection. In glasshouse trials, V. dahliae isolates from different geographical locations varied in pathogenicity during infection of susceptible potato cv Shepody, moderately resistant cv Ranger Russet and eggplant cv Black Beauty. The majority of V. dahliae isolates were highly aggressive in potato and eggplant, especially the Tasmanian V. dahliae isolates. Infected plants of cv Shepody inoculated with V. albo-atrum and V. tricorpus showed typical wilt symptoms however, the severity of infection caused by V. tricorpus was substantially lower compared to highly aggressive isolates of V. dahliae. In eggplant, V. dahliae isolates also varied in pathogenicity in terms of disease severity but all isolates significantly (p ≤ 0.05) reduced eggplant growth.
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- 2019
24. Building a voice of influence
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Andrew Reeves and Paul J. Taylor
- Published
- 2021
25. Poles Apart?:The Extent of Similarity between Online Extremist and Non-Extremist Message Content
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Paul J. Taylor and Sheryl Prentice
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(dis)similarity ,Information retrieval ,counter-extremism ,05 social sciences ,050109 social psychology ,050105 experimental psychology ,mainstream ,BF1-990 ,resistance ,Similarity (network science) ,positioning ,Content (measure theory) ,Psychology ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,General Psychology ,Original Research ,extremism - Abstract
Within studies of extremism, extremist and non-extremist messages are generally treated as two sets of competing constructed narratives. However, some research has argued that these message forms are not dichotomous and that non-extremist narratives demonstrate overlap with extremist master narratives. The aim of this paper is to test this hypothesis empirically by comparing 250 extremist, 250 mainstream and 250 counter-extremist messages. The paper finds considerable overlap between extremist and non-extremist material. However, an analysis of underlying content suggests that this overlap may not be so much due to the extensive adoption of an extremist master narrative by non-extremist authors, but rather a question of resistance and positioning, specifically, who are authors resisting and why? The findings have implications for counter-extremism policy.
- Published
- 2021
26. Mass Spectrometry Provides a Highly Sensitive Noninvasive Means of Sequencing and Tracking M-Protein in the Blood of Multiple Myeloma Patients
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Qixin Liu, Paul J. Taylor, Zac McDonald, Bin Ma, and Mariya Liyasova
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chemistry.chemical_classification ,biology ,Myeloma protein ,General Chemistry ,Mass spectrometry ,medicine.disease ,Biochemistry ,Molecular biology ,Amino acid ,Protein sequencing ,chemistry ,Polyclonal antibodies ,Tandem Mass Spectrometry ,biology.protein ,medicine ,Humans ,Amino Acid Sequence ,Multiple Myeloma ,Peptide sequence ,Multiple myeloma ,Sequence (medicine) - Abstract
The amino acid sequence of the M-protein for multiple myeloma is unique compared to the polyclonal antibodies in patients' blood. This uniqueness is exploited to develop an ultrasensitive M-protein detection method utilizing mass spectrometry (MS). The method involves the de novo amino acid sequencing of the full-length M-protein, and a targeted MS/MS assay to detect and quantify the unique M-protein sequence in serum samples. Healthy control serum spiked with NISTmAb and serial samples from an MM patient were used to demonstrate the ability of the platform to sequence and monitor a target M-protein. The de novo NISTmAb protein sequence obtained matched the published sequence, confirming the ability of the platform to accurately sequence a target M-protein in serum. NISTmAb was quantified down to 0.0002 g/dL in serum, a level hundreds of times more sensitive than conventional blood-based tests such as SPEP and IFE. The M-protein in the patient sample could be quantified throughout complete remission, demonstrating the utility of the assay to track M-protein considerably beyond the sensitivities of current blood-based tests. Notably, the assay detected a 2-fold rise in M-protein levels 10 months before any changes were detected by conventional IFE. The MS-based assay is highly sensitive, noninvasive, and requires only a small amount of serum, less than 100 μL. Sequencing data is deposited into PRIDE with identifier PXD022784, and quantification data can be found in Panorama Public with identifier PXD022980.
- Published
- 2021
27. Unique patterns of mating pheromone presence and absence could result in the ambiguous sexual behaviors of Colletotrichum species
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Brenda D. Wingfield, Andi M. Wilson, Michael J. Wingfield, Paul J. Taylor, and Ruvini V. Lelwala
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0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,AcademicSubjects/SCI01140 ,Mating type ,sexual reproduction ,AcademicSubjects/SCI00010 ,QH426-470 ,AcademicSubjects/SCI01180 ,01 natural sciences ,Pheromones ,03 medical and health sciences ,ancestral state reconstruction ,Ascomycota ,Colletotrichum ,Genetics ,cognate receptors ,Mating ,Molecular Biology ,Genetics (clinical) ,Mating type determination ,Comparative genomics ,Investigation ,biology ,Reproduction ,fungi ,filamentous fungi ,food and beverages ,gene loss ,biology.organism_classification ,Genes, Mating Type, Fungal ,Sexual reproduction ,030104 developmental biology ,Evolutionary biology ,Sex pheromone ,mating pheromones ,Pheromone ,AcademicSubjects/SCI00960 ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Colletotrichum species are known to engage in unique sexual behaviors that differ significantly from the mating strategies of other filamentous ascomycete species. For example, most ascomycete fungi require the expression of both the MAT1-1-1 and MAT1-2-1 genes to induce sexual reproduction. In contrast, all isolates of Colletotrichum harbor only the MAT1-2-1 gene and yet, are capable of recognizing suitable mating partners and producing sexual progeny. The molecular mechanisms contributing to mating types and behaviors in Colletotrichum are, however, unknown. A comparative genomics approach analyzing 35 genomes, representing 31 Colletotrichum species and two Verticillium species, was used to elucidate a putative molecular mechanism underlying the unique sexual behaviors observed in Colletotrichum species. The existence of only the MAT1-2 idiomorph was confirmed across all species included in this study. Comparisons of the loci harboring the two mating pheromones and their cognate receptors revealed interesting patterns of gene presence and absence. The results showed that these genes have been lost multiple, independent times over the evolutionary history of this genus. These losses indicate that the pheromone pathway no longer plays an active role in mating type determination, suggesting an undiscovered mechanism by which mating partner recognition is controlled in these species. This further suggests that there has been a redirection of the underlying genetic mechanisms that regulate sexual development in Colletotrichum species. This research thus provides a foundation from which further interrogation of this topic can take place.
- Published
- 2021
28. Population Structure of Colletotrichum tanaceti in Australian Pyrethrum Reveals High Evolutionary Potential
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Paul J. Taylor, Peter K. Ades, Jason B. Scott, and Ruvini V. Lelwala
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,education.field_of_study ,biology ,Pyrethrum ,Population ,Chrysanthemum cinerariifolium ,Zoology ,Plant Science ,Population biology ,biology.organism_classification ,01 natural sciences ,Sexual reproduction ,Gene flow ,03 medical and health sciences ,030104 developmental biology ,Propagule ,Biological dispersal ,education ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Colletotrichum tanaceti, the causal agent of anthracnose, is an emerging pathogen of commercially grown pyrethrum (Tanacetum cinerariifolium) in Australia. A microsatellite marker library was developed to understand the spatio-genetic structure over three sampled years and across two regions where pyrethrum is cultivated in Australia. Results indicated that C. tanaceti was highly diverse with a mixed reproductive mode; comprising both sexual and clonal reproduction. Sexual reproduction of C. tanaceti was more prevalent in Tasmania than in Victoria. Little differentiation was observed among field populations likely due to isolation by colonization but most of the genetic variation was occurring within populations. C. tanaceti was likely to have had a long-distance gene and genotype flow among distant populations within a state and between states. Anthropogenic transmission of propagules and wind dispersal of ascospores are the most probable mechanisms of long-distance dispersal of C. tanaceti. Evaluation of putative population histories suggested that C. tanaceti most likely originated in Tasmania and expanded from an unidentified host onto pyrethrum. Victoria was later invaded by the Tasmanian population. With the mixed mode of reproduction and possible long-distance gene flow, C. tanaceti is likely to have a high evolutionary potential and thereby has ability to adapt to management practices in the future.
- Published
- 2019
29. Forensic investigation of cross platform massively multiplayer online games: Minecraft as a case study
- Author
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Henry Mwiki, D.C. Paul J. Taylor, Alex Akibini, Kim-Kwang Raymond Choo, Reza M. Parizi, Mohammad Hammoudeh, and Ali Dehghantanha
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QA75 ,business.industry ,Computer science ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Internet privacy ,ComputingMilieux_PERSONALCOMPUTING ,Denial-of-service attack ,QA76 ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,Surprise ,Massively multiplayer online game ,Age groups ,Cross-platform ,Sexual communication ,business ,media_common - Abstract
Minecraft, a Massively Multiplayer Online Game (MMOG), has reportedly millions of players from different age groups worldwide. With Minecraft being so popular, particularly with younger audiences, it is no surprise that the interactive nature of Minecraft has facilitated the commission of criminal activities such as denial of service attacks against gamers, cyberbullying, swatting, sexual communication, and online child grooming. In this research, there is a simulated scenario of a typical Minecraft setting, using a Linux Ubuntu 16.04.3 machine (acting as the MMOG server) and Windows client devices running Minecraft. Server and client devices are then examined to reveal the type and extent of evidential artefacts that can be extracted.
- Published
- 2019
30. Ray blight of pyrethrum in Australia: a review of the current status and future opportunities
- Author
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M. A. H. B. Bhuiyan, Paul J. Taylor, and Niloofar Vaghefi
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Thiram ,biology ,Pyrethrum ,fungi ,food and beverages ,Plant Science ,Horticulture ,Fludioxonil ,biology.organism_classification ,01 natural sciences ,Crop ,Fungicide ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,030104 developmental biology ,chemistry ,Strobilurin ,Genetics ,Blight ,Pycnidium ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Ray blight caused by Stagonosporopsis tanaceti is one of the most important diseases of pyrethrum (Tanacetum cinerariifolium), a perennial herbaceous plant cultivated for the extraction of insecticidal pyrethrins in Australia. The disease is responsible for complete yield loss in severe outbreaks. Infected seed is considered as the principal source of S. tanaceti. Infection hyphae remain only in the seed coat and not in the embryo, resulting in pre- and post-emergence death of seedlings and latent infection. Therefore, quantification of the level of infection by S. tanaceti within seed using a qPCR assay is important for efficient management of the disease. Stagonosporopsis tanaceti completes its life cycle within 12 days after leaf infection through production of pycnidia and can infect every tissue of the pyrethrum plant except the vascular and root tissues. Ray blight epidemics occur in pyrethrum fields through splash dispersal of pycnidiospores between adjacent plants. Besides steam sterilization, thiabendazole/thiram and fludioxonil are effective seed-treating chemicals in controlling S. tanaceti before planting begins. Ray blight is currently managed in the field through the foliar application of strobilurin fungicides in the first 1–2 years of crop establishment. Later on, difenoconazole and multisite specific fungicides in the next 2–3 years during early spring successfully reduce ray blight infestation. Avoiding development of resistance to fungicides will require more sustainable management of ray blight including the development and deployment of resistant cultivars.
- Published
- 2019
31. Identification and pathogenicity of Pythium species associated with poor growth of tomato plants in the Australian processing tomato industry
- Author
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Peter K. Ades, S. E. Callaghan, E. Mann, L. A. Tesoriero, Paul J. Taylor, A. Morrison, and L. W. Burgess
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Plant growth ,Horticulture ,biology ,Seedling ,Genus ,Inoculation ,Crop yield ,food and beverages ,Context (language use) ,Pythium ,biology.organism_classification ,Pathogenicity - Abstract
The Australian Processing Tomato Industry (APTI) has observed a decline in yield over recent years and speculates that soil-borne pathogens may be a contributing factor. The decline is characterised by poor stand establishment and the presence of stunted plants sporadically spread throughout the field. In preliminary surveys, Pythium spp. were commonly isolated from the roots of plants showing symptoms of poor growth. The aim of this study was to identify those Pythium species and assess their pathogenicity. Four field surveys were undertaken during the 2016/17 season and plants exhibiting symptoms of putative Pythium disease were collected. Pythium isolates were identified based on morphology and ITS sequences. Eight species of Pythium were identified including some common pathogens and some species which have not been previously reported on tomatoes. The in vitro pathogenicity test showed P. aphanidermatum, P. ultimum var. ultimum and P. irregulare were the most aggressive pathogens. In a glasshouse test P. ultimum var. ultimum and P. recalcitrans significantly reduced plant height 1 month after inoculation. Overall, the pathogenicity results confirmed that pathogens in the genus Pythium were most damaging in the pre-emergence and early seedling phases of tomato plant growth. However, some species also had the capacity to continue to reduce the growth of plants at later stages, potentially leading to yield reduction. Further studies are necessary to better understand the aetiology of these and additional Pythium species in the APTI context, and their ultimate effect on tomato yield.
- Published
- 2019
32. ‘Language of lies’: Urgent issues and prospects in verbal lie detection research
- Author
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Aldert Vrij, Nadav Sarid, Galit Nahari, Pär Anders Granhag, Irit Hershkowitz, Ewout H. Meijer, Tzachi Ashkenazi, Jaume Masip, Paul J. Taylor, Ronald P. Fisher, Bruno Verschuere, Zvi Nisin, Klinische Psychologie (Psychologie, FMG), Section Forensic Psychology, and RS: FPN CPS IV
- Subjects
workshop proceedings ,LIARS ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Applied psychology ,verbal cues ,verbal lie detection ,Verifiability Approach ,DETAIL ,050105 experimental psychology ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,Lie detection ,QUESTIONS ,TRUTH-TELLERS ,Credibility ,CUES ,DECEPTION ,BENEFIT ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,detection deception ,Session (computer science) ,DECEIT ,Applied Psychology ,media_common ,Theory-Protocol-Procedure paradigm ,050901 criminology ,05 social sciences ,Private communication ,Deception ,Verbal cues ,Criteria-based Content Analysis ,reality monitoring ,ELICIT INFORMATION ,0509 other social sciences ,Psychology ,MODEL STATEMENT - Abstract
Since its introduction into the field of deception detection, the verbal channel has become a rapidly growing area of research. The basic assumption is that liars differ from truth tellers in their verbal behaviour, making it possible to classify them by inspecting their verbal accounts. However, as noted in conferences and in private communication between researchers, the field of verbal lie detection faces several challenges that merit focused attention. The first author therefore proposed a workshop with the mission of promoting solutions for urgent issues in the field. Nine researchers and three practitioners with experience in credibility assessments gathered for 3 days of discussion at Bar-Ilan University (Israel) in the first international verbal lie detection workshop. The primary session of the workshop took place the morning of the first day. In this session, each of the participants had up to 10 min to deliver a brief message, using just one slide. Researchers were asked to answer the question: ‘In your view, what is the most urgent, unsolved question/issue in verbal lie detection?’ Similarly, practitioners were asked: ‘As a practitioner, what question/issue do you wish verbal lie detection research would address?’ The issues raised served as the basis for the discussions that were held throughout the workshop. The current paper first presents the urgent, unsolved issues raised by the workshop group members in the main session, followed by a message to researchers in the field, designed to deliver the insights, decisions, and conclusions resulting from the discussions.
- Published
- 2019
33. Disease cycle of Austropuccinia psidii on Eucalyptus globulus and Eucalyptus obliqua leaves of different rust response phenotypes
- Author
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Josqin. F. Tibbits, Paul J. Taylor, Fatima Akter Runa, Gerd Bossinger, Wilson Thau Lym Yong, K. S. Sandhu, and Peter K. Ades
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Appressorium ,biology ,Eucalyptus obliqua ,Puccinia psidii ,Myrtaceae ,food and beverages ,Plant Science ,Horticulture ,Plant disease resistance ,biology.organism_classification ,01 natural sciences ,Eucalyptus ,03 medical and health sciences ,Pathosystem ,030104 developmental biology ,Eucalyptus globulus ,Botany ,Genetics ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Myrtle rust poses a significant biosecurity threat to Australia with potential for long-term damaging impacts on nativeflora and plant industries. This study describes the disease cycle of Austropuccinia psidii, the myrtle rust pathogen, in Eucalyptus globulus and Eucalyptus obliqua, two commercially and ecologically important species from different sub-genera of Eucalyptus. Ontogeny and morphology of infection structures of A. psidii on plants of both Eucalyptus species with different rust response phenotypes, i.e. completely resistant, hypersensitive and highly susceptible, were investigated. Plants were inoculated with single-uredinium-derived urediniospores and examined by scanning electron microscopy. No differences between rust response phenotypes were observed in germination of urediniospores, formation of appressoria or length of germ tubes. The growth of germ tubes had no affinity towards stomata of either species. Histological observations indicated direct penetration by infection pegs through the leaf cuticle and no penetration beyond the epidermis on rust-resistant E. obliqua.Eucalyptus obliqua plants that were identified as susceptible to A. psidii at 3- and 6-months-old showed no disease when reinoculated with A. psidii at 12-months-old; this indicated possible early acquisition of adult plant resistance to A. psidii in this species. In the susceptible phenotype of E. globules rust inoculation led to rapid colonization of leaf parenchyma cells with the disease cycle completed within 10 days. These findings provide valuable insights into host–pathogen interactions in the Eucalyptus–A. psidii pathosystem,which might be useful for the development of effective rust control strategies across Eucalyptus subgenera.
- Published
- 2018
34. Facilitating recall and particularisation of repeated events in adults using a multi-method interviewing format
- Author
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Paul J. Taylor, Eva Rubínová, Fiona Gabbert, Lorraine Hope, Feni Kontogianni, Aldert Vrij, and Psychology of Conflict, Risk and Safety
- Subjects
Adult ,Interview ,deviation ,Intelligence ,Motion Pictures ,Sample (statistics) ,Mnemonic ,050105 experimental psychology ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,Memory ,memory retrieval ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,General Psychology ,Recall ,Repeated events ,Event (computing) ,05 social sciences ,Schematic ,Timeline ,timeline technique ,self-generated cues ,Free recall ,Mental Recall ,Cues ,Psychology ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Cognitive psychology - Abstract
Reports about repeated experiences tend to include more schematic information than information about specific instances. However, investigators in both forensic and intelligence settings typically seek specific over general information. We tested a multi-method interviewing format (MMIF) to facilitate recall and particularisation of repeated events through the use of the self-generated cues mnemonic, the timeline technique, and follow-up questions. Over separate sessions, 150 adult participants watched four scripted films depicting a series of meetings in which a terrorist group planned attacks and planted explosive devices. For half of our sample, the third witnessed event included two deviations (one new detail and one changed detail). A week later, participants provided their account using the MMIF, the timeline technique with self-generated cues, or a free recall format followed by open-ended questions. As expected, more information was reported overall in the MMIF condition compared to the other format conditions, for two types of details, correct details, and correct gist details. The reporting of internal intrusions was comparable across format conditions. Contrary to hypotheses, the presence of deviations did not benefit recall or source monitoring. Our findings have implications for information elicitation in applied settings and for future research on adults’ retrieval of repeated events.
- Published
- 2021
35. The influence of TMS of the rTPJ on attentional control and mentalizing
- Author
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Paul J. Taylor, Tobias Schuwerk, and Stella S. Grosso
- Subjects
Cognitive Neuroscience ,Temporoparietal junction ,Attentional control ,Theory of Mind ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,Context (language use) ,Cognition ,Temporal Lobe ,Behavioral Neuroscience ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Mentalization ,Theory of mind ,Parietal Lobe ,medicine ,Humans ,Attention ,Psychology ,Cognitive psychology - Abstract
Mentalizing is the powerful cognitive ability to understand others. By attributing mental states to others, we become able to explain and predict their behavior. The right temporoparietal junction (rTPJ) plays a key role in processing models of mental states. Yet, a different line of research suggests that the rTPJ is crucially involved in attentional control, prompting debates on its cognitive function. In this pre-registered neuro-navigated event-related TMS study, we tested for the rTPJ's specificity in mentalizing and attentional control. We interfered with its activity in a recently developed spatial cueing paradigm in which another's mental states were apparently task-relevant, allowing direct comparison of TMS effects on attention and mentalizing. We contrasted effects with a nearby control TMS site. Our confirmatory analysis showed no evidence for an involvement of the rTPJ in mentalizing or attentional control, presumably due to an observed large inter-individual variability of TMS effects on context and validity. To follow up this finding, we conducted exploratory analyses which revealed that rTPJ TMS had an influence on both attentional control and mentalizing. TMS effects on attention and mentalizing co-varied across participants: participants responding most to rTPJ TMS on mentalizing were also those for whom rTPJ TMS increased the attentional effect the most. This provides further evidence against total absolute segregation between mentalizing and attention within the rTPJ. Rather, our results suggest a common cognitive mechanism in both domains for which the rTPJ is necessary, paving the way for future research to cross-validate and extend these findings.
- Published
- 2021
36. Colletotrichum species causing anthracnose of Citrus in Australia
- Author
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Paul J. Taylor, Dilani D. de Silva, Azin Moslemi, Peter K. Ades, Jacqueline Edwards, Pedro W. Crous, Weixia Wang, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute - Evolutionary Phytopathology, and Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Microbiology (medical) ,Plant Science ,01 natural sciences ,Article ,citrus ,030308 mycology & parasitology ,03 medical and health sciences ,taxonomy ,Mycology ,Colletotrichum australianum ,Clade ,lcsh:QH301-705.5 ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,0303 health sciences ,anthracnose ,biology ,Phylogenetic tree ,phylogenetic analysis ,food and beverages ,biology.organism_classification ,Spore ,Horticulture ,Herbarium ,lcsh:Biology (General) ,Colletotrichum ,Postharvest ,Taxonomy (biology) ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Colletotrichum spp. are important pathogens of citrus that cause dieback of branches and postharvest disease. Globally, several species of Colletotrichum have been identified as causing anthracnose of citrus. One hundred and sixty-eight Colletotrichum isolates were collected from anthracnose symptoms on citrus stems, leaves, and fruit from Victoria, New South Wales, and Queensland, and from State herbaria in Australia. Colletotrichum australianum sp. nov., C. fructicola, C. gloeosporioides, C. karstii, C. siamense, and C. theobromicola were identified using multi-gene phylogenetic analyses based on seven genomic loci (ITS, gapdh, act, tub2, ApMat, gs, and chs-1) in the gloeosporioides complex and five genomic loci (ITS, tub2, act, chs-1, and his3) in the boninense complex, as well as morphological characters. Several isolates pathogenic to chili (Capsicum annuum), previously identified as C. queenslandicum, formed a clade with the citrus isolates described here as C. australianum sp. nov. The spore shape and culture characteristics of the chili and citrus isolates of C. australianum were similar and differed from those of C. queenslandicum. This is the first report of C. theobromicola isolated from citrus and the first detection of C. karstii and C. siamense associated with citrus anthracnose in Australia.
- Published
- 2021
37. A liar and a copycat: nonverbal coordination increases with lie difficulty
- Author
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Ruth Wong, John Dixon, Sophie van der Zee, Paul J. Taylor, Tarek Menacere, Applied Economics, and Psychology of Conflict, Risk and Safety
- Subjects
Dynamic time warping ,UT-Gold-D ,Interview ,media_common.quotation_subject ,050105 experimental psychology ,deception ,03 medical and health sciences ,Nonverbal communication ,0302 clinical medicine ,Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience ,motion capture ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,lcsh:Science ,media_common ,Multidisciplinary ,cognitive load ,05 social sciences ,nonverbal coordination ,Deception ,Degree (music) ,Copycat ,Mimicry ,lcsh:Q ,Psychology ,mimicry ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Cognitive load ,Research Article ,Cognitive psychology - Abstract
Studies of the nonverbal correlates of deception tend to examine liars' behaviours as independent from the behaviour of the interviewer, ignoring joint action. To address this gap, experiment 1 examined the effect of telling a truth and easy, difficult and very difficult lies on nonverbal coordination. Nonverbal coordination was measured automatically by applying a dynamic time warping algorithm to motion-capture data. In experiment 2, interviewees also received instructions that influenced the attention they paid to either the nonverbal or verbal behaviour of the interviewer. Results from both experiments found that interviewer–interviewee nonverbal coordination increased with lie difficulty. This increase was not influenced by the degree to which interviewees paid attention to their nonverbal behaviour, nor by the degree of interviewer's suspicion. Our findings are consistent with the broader proposition that people rely on automated processes such as mimicry when under cognitive load.
- Published
- 2021
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38. Birth of a Live Cria After Transfer of a Vitrified-Warmed Alpaca (Vicugna pacos) Preimplantation Embryo
- Author
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Henry William Vivanco-Mackie, Jennifer C. Lutz, Paul J. Taylor, Susan L. Johnson, Kimberly J. Duprey, Daniel Ponce-Salazar, Curtis R. Youngs, and Marlene Miguel-Gonzales
- Subjects
animal structures ,medicine.medical_treatment ,galactose ,Biology ,Vicugna pacos ,cryopreservation ,Cryopreservation ,Andrology ,03 medical and health sciences ,medicine ,biology.domesticated_animal ,Vitrification ,Original Research ,030304 developmental biology ,0303 health sciences ,Fetus ,Pregnancy ,lcsh:Veterinary medicine ,General Veterinary ,Artificial insemination ,South American camelid ,0402 animal and dairy science ,Embryo ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,medicine.disease ,040201 dairy & animal science ,Embryo transfer ,vitrification ,hatched blastocyst ,lcsh:SF600-1100 ,Veterinary Science - Abstract
The alpaca (Vicugna pacos) is an important species for the production of fiber and food. Genetic improvement programs for alpacas have been hindered, however, by the lack of field-practical techniques for artificial insemination and embryo transfer. In particular, successful techniques for the cryopreservation of alpaca preimplantation embryos have not been reported previously. The objective of this study was to develop a field-practical and efficacious technique for cryopreservation of alpaca preimplantation embryos using a modification of a vitrification protocol originally devised for horses and adapted for dromedary camels. Four naturally cycling non-superovulated Huacaya females serving as embryo donors were mated to males of proven fertility. Donors received 30 μg of gonadorelin at the time of breeding, and embryos were non-surgically recovered 7 days after mating. Recovered embryos (n = 4) were placed individually through a series of three vitrification solutions at 20°C (VS1: 1.4 M glycerol; VS2: 1.4 M glycerol + 3.6 M ethylene glycol; VS3: 3.4 M glycerol + 4.6 M ethylene glycol) before loading into an open-pulled straw (OPS) and plunging directly into liquid nitrogen for storage. At warming, each individual embryo was sequentially placed through warming solutions (WS1: 0.5 M galactose at 37°C; WS2: 0.25 M galactose at 20°C), and warmed embryos were incubated at 37°C in 5% CO2 in humidified air for 20–22 h in 1 ml Syngro® holding medium supplemented with 10% (v/v) alpaca serum to perform an initial in vitro assessment of post-warming viability. Embryos whose diameter increased during culture (n = 2) were transferred individually into synchronous recipients, whereas embryos that did not grow (n = 2) were transferred together into a single recipient to perform an in vivo assessment of post-warming viability. Initial pregnancy detection was performed ultrasonographically 29 days post-transfer when fetal heartbeat could be detected, and one of three recipients was pregnant (25% embryo survival rate). On November 13, 2019, the one pregnant recipient delivered what is believed to be the world's first cria produced from a vitrified-warmed alpaca embryo.
- Published
- 2020
39. New and Interesting Fungi. 3
- Author
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Lisa A. Castlebury, Lingwei Hou, Jacqueline Edwards, Angus J. Carnegie, Johannes Z. Groenewald, Thomas Wöhner, Timur S. Bulgakov, Li-Zhen Cai, Amy Y. Rossman, Thomas R. Gordon, Pedro W. Crous, Željko Jurjević, Richard M. Bostock, Lorenzo Lombard, A. Akulov, Treena I. Burgess, R. K. Schumacher, Cobus M. Visagie, S. Denman, W.C. Allen, Brett A. Summerell, A. J. Stack, Paul J. Taylor, Daniel P. Lawrence, Michael J. Wingfield, Cony Decock, UCL - SST/ELI/ELIM - Applied Microbiology, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute - Evolutionary Phytopathology, and Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
- Subjects
Salix fragilis ,Serenoa repens ,Articles ,Biology ,Syzygium cordatum ,biology.organism_classification ,Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous) ,Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (miscellaneous) ,Microbiology ,Eucalyptus ,new taxa ,Twig ,Eucalyptus propinqua ,Alnus glutinosa ,multi-gene phylogeny ,Iris pseudacorus ,Botany ,ITS barcodes ,systematics ,typification ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,biodiversity - Abstract
Seven new genera, 26 new species, 10 new combinations, two epitypes, one new name, and 20 interesting new host and / or geographical records are introduced in this study. New genera are: Italiofungus (based on Italiofungus phillyreae) on leaves of Phillyrea latifolia (Italy); Neolamproconium (based on Neolamproconium silvestre) on branch of Tilia sp. (Ukraine); Neosorocybe (based on Neosorocybe pini) on trunk of Pinus sylvestris (Ukraine); Nothoseptoria (based on Nothoseptoria caraganae) on leaves of Caragana arborescens (Russia); Pruniphilomyces (based on Pruniphilomyces circumscissus) on Prunus cerasus (Russia); Vesiculozygosporium (based on Vesiculozygosporium echinosporum) on leaves of Muntingia calabura (Malaysia); Longiseptatispora (based on Longiseptatispora curvata) on leaves of Lonicera tatarica (Russia). New species are: Barrmaelia serenoae on leaf of Serenoa repens (USA); Chaetopsina gautengina on leaves of unidentified grass (South Africa); Chloridium pini on fallen trunk of Pinus sylvestris (Ukraine); Cadophora fallopiae on stems of Reynoutria sachalinensis (Poland); Coleophoma eucalyptigena on leaf litter of Eucalyptus sp. (Spain); Cylindrium corymbiae on leaves of Corymbia maculata (Australia); Diaporthe tarchonanthi on leaves of Tarchonanthus littoralis (South Africa); Elsinoe eucalyptorum on leaves of Eucalyptus propinqua (Australia); Exophiala quercina on dead wood of Quercus sp., (Germany); Fusarium californicum on cambium of budwood of Prunus dulcis (USA); Hypomyces gamsii on wood of Alnus glutinosa (Ukraine); Kalmusia araucariae on leaves of Araucaria bidwillii (USA); Lectera sambuci on leaves of Sambucus nigra (Russia); Melanomma populicola on fallen twig of Populus canadensis (Netherlands), Neocladosporium syringae on branches of Syringa vulgarishorus (Ukraine); Paraconiothyrium iridis on leaves of Iris pseudacorus (Ukraine); Pararoussoella quercina on branch of Quercus robur (Ukraine); Phialemonium pulveris from bore dust of deathwatch beetle (France); Polyscytalum pinicola on needles of Pinus tecunumanii (Malaysia); Acervuloseptoria fraxini on Fraxinus pennsylvanica (Russia); Roussoella arundinacea on culms of Arundo donax (Spain); Sphaerulina neoaceris on leaves of Acer negundo (Russia); Sphaerulina salicicola on leaves of Salix fragilis (Russia); Trichomerium syzygii on leaves of Syzygium cordatum (South Africa); Uzbekistanica vitis-viniferae on dead stem of Vitis vinifera (Ukraine); Vermiculariopsiella eucalyptigena on leaves of Eucalyptus sp. (Australia).
- Published
- 2020
40. Sorting Insiders From Co-Workers: Remote Synchronous Computer-Mediated Triage for Investigating Insider Attacks
- Author
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Coral J. Dando, Paul J. Taylor, Tarek Menacere, Thomas C. Ormerod, Linden J. Ball, and Alexandra L. Sandham
- Subjects
QA75 ,Behavioral Neuroscience ,BF ,Human Factors and Ergonomics ,Applied Psychology ,C800 - Abstract
Objective Develop and investigate the potential of a remote, computer-mediated and synchronous text-based triage, which we refer to as InSort, for quickly highlighting persons of interest after an insider attack. Background Insiders maliciously exploit legitimate access to impair the confidentiality and integrity of organizations. The globalisation of organisations and advancement of information technology means employees are often dispersed across national and international sites, working around the clock, often remotely. Hence, investigating insider attacks is challenging. However, the cognitive demands associated with masking insider activity offer opportunities. Drawing on cognitive approaches to deception and understanding of deception-conveying features in textual responses, we developed InSort, a remote computer-mediated triage. Method During a 6-hour immersive simulation, participants worked in teams, examining password protected, security sensitive databases and exchanging information during an organized crime investigation. Twenty-five percent were covertly incentivized to act as an ‘insider’ by providing information to a provocateur. Results Responses to InSort questioning revealed insiders took longer to answer investigation relevant questions, provided impoverished responses, and their answers were less consistent with known evidence about their behaviours than co-workers. Conclusion Findings demonstrate InSort has potential to expedite information gathering and investigative processes following an insider attack. Application InSort is appropriate for application by non-specialist investigators and can be quickly altered as a function of both environment and event. InSort offers a clearly defined, well specified, approach for use across insider incidents, and highlights the potential of technology for supporting complex time critical investigations.
- Published
- 2022
41. Correction to ‘Culture moderates changes in linguistic selfpresentation and detail provision when deceiving others’
- Author
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Stacey M. Conchie, Paul J. Taylor, Samuel Larner, and Tarek Menacere
- Subjects
Multidisciplinary ,lcsh:Q ,lcsh:Science ,Psychology ,Linguistics - Published
- 2020
42. 'Tell me more about this…': An examination of the efficacy of follow‐up open questions following an initial account
- Author
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Aldert Vrij, Paul J. Taylor, Fiona Gabbert, Lorraine Hope, Feni Kontogianni, and Psychology of Conflict, Risk and Safety
- Subjects
Data collection ,05 social sciences ,Applied psychology ,RCUK ,timeline technique ,050109 social psychology ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,Timeline ,APC-PAID ,accuracy-informativeness trade-off ,Witness ,050105 experimental psychology ,Identification (information) ,Free recall ,Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,follow-up questions ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,Psychology ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,ESRC ,eliciting information ,Event (probability theory) ,ES/N009614/1 - Abstract
In information gathering interviews, follow‐up questions are asked to clarify and extend initial witness accounts. Across two experiments, we examined the efficacy of open‐ended questions following an account about a multi‐perpetrator event. In Experiment 1, 50 mock‐witnesses used the timeline technique or a free recall format to provide an initial account. Although follow‐up questions elicited new information (18% to 22% of the total output) across conditions, the response accuracy (60%) was significantly lower than that of the initial account (83%). In Experiment 2 (N = 60), half of the participants received pre‐questioning instructions to monitor accuracy when responding to follow‐up questions. New information was reported (21% to 22% of the total output) across conditions, but despite using pre‐questioning instructions, response accuracy (75%) was again lower than the spontaneously reported information (87.5%). Follow‐up open‐ended questions prompt additional reporting; however, practitioners should be cautious to corroborate the accuracy of new reported details.
- Published
- 2020
43. Black mould of post-harvest tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) caused by Cladosporium cladosporioides in Australia
- Author
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Minxiao Ma, Dilani D. de Silva, and Paul J. Taylor
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,biology ,fungi ,food and beverages ,Cladosporium cladosporioides ,Cold storage ,Plant Science ,biology.organism_classification ,Pathogenicity ,01 natural sciences ,Crop ,03 medical and health sciences ,Horticulture ,030104 developmental biology ,Solanum ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,010606 plant biology & botany ,Cladosporium ,Molecular identification - Abstract
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is an important global vegetable crop for both the fresh and processed vegetable industries. Tomatoes from a cold storage refrigerator (4 °C) in Melbourne, Australia exhibiting symptoms of black to dark-olive, sunken lesions were found to be infected by Cladosporium cladosporioides based on morphological and molecular identification. Pathogenicity tests confirmed that C. cladosporioides was the cause of the black mould on tomato fruits. This is the first report of C. cladosporioides causing black mould on harvested tomato fruits in Australia.
- Published
- 2020
44. A Psychometric Investigation into the Structure of Deception Strategy Use
- Author
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Katharina MacInnes, Iain Hamlin, Paul J. Taylor, Liam Cross, Sophie van der Zee, and Applied Economics
- Subjects
Structure (mathematical logic) ,media_common.quotation_subject ,05 social sciences ,050109 social psychology ,Cognition ,Deception ,050105 experimental psychology ,Legal psychology ,Nonverbal communication ,Scale (social sciences) ,medicine ,Anxiety ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,medicine.symptom ,Psychology ,Law ,Lying ,Applied Psychology ,Cognitive psychology ,media_common - Abstract
This paper uses a data-driven approach to identify the psychological factors that underlie the array of strategies that people use to hide their deceit. Two hundred and nine participants told two lies and two truths and then completed a self-report scale that elicited their experiences when deceiving. A factor analysis of responses produced four factors, three of which were strategic in nature: Nonverbal behaviour control, which relates to attempts to monitor and control nonverbal behaviour when lying; Detail, which relates to attempts to produce detailed, engaging lies; Cognitive difficulty, which relates to the cognitive difficulties experienced when lying and their strategic consequences; and Anxiety, which relates to the negative emotions experienced when deceiving. The results further our understanding of the psychological processes that underpin deception and suggest several potentially fruitful avenues for future research.
- Published
- 2020
45. Multiple perpetrator rape: Is perpetrator violence the result of victim resistance, deindividuation, or leader-follower dynamics?
- Author
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Paul J. Taylor, Claire Cooke, Jessica Woodhams, and Psychology of Conflict, Risk and Safety
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Health (social science) ,Social Psychology ,education ,Interpersonal circumplex ,Poison control ,Hostility ,Group rape ,Injury prevention ,medicine ,Deindividuation ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Applied Psychology ,Aggression ,050901 criminology ,05 social sciences ,Human factors and ergonomics ,Victim resistance ,0509 other social sciences ,medicine.symptom ,Suspect ,Psychology ,Social psychology ,050104 developmental & child psychology ,Leader- follower dynamics - Abstract
Objective: Violence perpetrated by groups has been proposed to result from processes that include deindividuation, instrumental responses to victim resistance, and leader-follower dynamics. Here we compare the explanatory merit of these accounts by analyzing the sequential patterns of behaviors that occurred in 71 accounts of multiple perpetrator rape by 189 suspects against lone females. Method: Victim accounts of the offenses made to the police were coded for leader, follower, and victim actions using the interpersonal circumplex quadrants, and the offenses were rated as involving high or low nonsexual aggression. Results: Analysis of the temporal proximities among victim and suspect behaviors found that (a) in contrast to deindividuation, hostility decreased rather than increased with group size, (b) victim behavior had no significant effect on perpetrator violence, and (c) leader behavior had a significant effect on group violence. Conclusions: Compared with low aggression offenses, high aggression offenses were characterized by the leaders' hostile behaviors reinforcing the hostile behavior of followers, as well as there being some mutual reinforcement from follower(s) to leader. This has implications for theories of (sexual) violence perpetrated by multiple individuals, as well as for clinical work with such offenders. For example, the influence of peers in these offenses has implications for the planning of interventions with such offenders and the sorts of intervention that are likely to be successful.
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- 2020
46. Cancer proteome and metabolite changes linked to SHMT2
- Author
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Cynthia Hawkins, Rick Bagshaw, Jae Kang, Man Yu, Leanne E. Wybenga-Groot, Jonathan R. Krieger, Ming Li, Brian Raught, Swathi P. Jeedigunta, Michael Cabanero, Wen Zhang, Nhu-An Pham, Michael F. Moran, Heba Badr, Etienne Coyaud, Jason T. Maynes, Jiefei Tong, Ming-Sound Tsao, Shideh Mirhadi, Paul J. Taylor, INSERM, Université de Lille, The Hospital for sick children [Toronto] [SickKids], University of Toronto, University Health Network, Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire, Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM) - U1192, The Hospital for sick children [Toronto] (SickKids), Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire, Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM) - U 1192 (PRISM), and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Antifungal Agents ,Lung Neoplasms ,Proteome ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Protein Expression ,Cell ,Apoptosis ,Mice, SCID ,Mitochondrion ,Biochemistry ,Benzoates ,Lung and Intrathoracic Tumors ,Serine ,HeLa ,Mice ,0302 clinical medicine ,Mice, Inbred NOD ,Sodium Benzoate ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Tumor Cells, Cultured ,Amino Acids ,Energy-Producing Organelles ,Protein Metabolism ,Glycine Hydroxymethyltransferase ,Multidisciplinary ,biology ,Organic Compounds ,Chemistry ,Mitochondria ,Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Oncology ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Physical Sciences ,Metabolome ,Medicine ,Cellular Structures and Organelles ,Research Article ,Cell Physiology ,Science ,Glycine ,Bioenergetics ,Research and Analysis Methods ,03 medical and health sciences ,Gene Expression and Vector Techniques ,Biomarkers, Tumor ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs ,Molecular Biology Techniques ,Molecular Biology ,Cell Proliferation ,Molecular Biology Assays and Analysis Techniques ,Cell growth ,Organic Chemistry ,Chemical Compounds ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Proteins ,Cancers and Neoplasms ,Cell Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays ,Molecular biology ,Cell Metabolism ,Metabolism ,030104 developmental biology ,Aliphatic Amino Acids ,Serine hydroxymethyltransferase ,Salts ,HeLa Cells - Abstract
International audience; Serine hydroxymethyltransferase 2 (SHMT2) converts serine plus tetrahydrofolate (THF) into glycine plus methylene-THF and is upregulated at the protein level in lung and other cancers. In order to better understand the role of SHMT2 in cancer a model system of HeLa cells engineered for inducible over-expression or knock-down of SHMT2 was characterized for cell proliferation and changes in metabolites and proteome as a function of SHMT2. Ectopic over-expression of SHMT2 increased cell proliferation in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. Knockdown of SHMT2 expression in vitro caused a state of glycine auxotrophy and accumulation of phosphoribosylaminoimidazolecarboxamide (AICAR), an intermediate of folate/1-carbon-pathway-dependent de novo purine nucleotide synthesis. Decreased glycine in the HeLa cell-based xenograft tumors with knocked down SHMT2 was potentiated by administration of the anti-hyperglycinemia agent benzoate. However, tumor growth was not affected by SHMT2 knockdown with or without benzoate treatment. Benzoate inhibited cell proliferation in vitro, but this was independent of SHMT2 modulation. The abundance of proteins of mitochondrial respiration complexes 1 and 3 was inversely correlated with SHMT2 levels. Proximity biotinylation in vivo (BioID) identified 48 mostly mitochondrial proteins associated with SHMT2 including the mitochondrial enzymes Acyl-CoA thioesterase (ACOT2) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GLUD1) along with more than 20 proteins from mitochondrial respiration complexes 1 and 3. These data provide insights into possible mechanisms through which elevated SHMT2 in cancers may be linked to changes in metabolism and mitochondrial function.
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- 2020
47. Soil pre-fumigation could effectively improve the disease suppressiveness of biofertilizer to banana Fusarium wilt disease by reshaping the soil microbiome
- Author
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Yan Zhao, Rong Li, Zongzhuan Shen, Paul J. Taylor, Yannan Ou, Yunze Ruan, Qirong Shen, Chao Xue, and Beibei Wang
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0301 basic medicine ,Ralstonia solanacearum ,Biofertilizer ,Fumigation ,Biological pest control ,food and beverages ,Soil Science ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,complex mixtures ,Microbiology ,Fusarium wilt ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Horticulture ,030104 developmental biology ,Ammonium bicarbonate ,Microbial population biology ,chemistry ,Soil pH ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Agronomy and Crop Science - Abstract
Two seasonal pot experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of biofertilizer application after mixture of lime and ammonium bicarbonate (LA) fumigation, on banana Fusarium wilt disease suppression and soil microbial community composition. Biofertilizer application after LA fumigation decreased 80% of disease incidence compared to control of biofertilizer application to non-fumigated soil. Biofertilizer application after fumigation clearly manipulated soil microbial community composition as revealed by non-metric multidimensional scaling and Venn diagram. LA fumigation significantly reduced the abundance of F. oxysporum while biofertilizer application after fumigation could further decrease it. Furthermore, indigenous microbes, e.g., Bacillus, Pseudomonas, and Mortierella, were associated with disease suppression. Biofertilizer application after fumigation significantly (p
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- 2018
48. Chili anthracnose: Colletotrichum taxonomy and pathogenicity
- Author
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Paul J. Taylor and Orarat Mongkolporn
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0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,fungi ,food and beverages ,Plant Science ,Horticulture ,Fruit rot ,Biology ,Pathogenicity ,biology.organism_classification ,01 natural sciences ,03 medical and health sciences ,Capsicum annuum ,030104 developmental biology ,Colletotrichum ,Phylogenetics ,Genetics ,Species identification ,Taxonomy (biology) ,Colletotrichum species ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Chili anthracnose is caused by Colletotrichum species mostly associated with the acutatum, truncatum and gloeosporioides complexes. Since 2009 the Colletotrichum taxonomy has been extensively revised based on multi-gene phylogenetics, which has had a large impact on the number of species known to cause anthracnose disease of chili. This review discusses 1) the taxonomy of Colletotrichum spp. infecting chili, and 2) the impact of Colletotrichum pathotypes on breeding for resistance to anthracnose. To date, 24 Colletotrichum species have been identified as pathogens of chili anthracnose with the three main pathogens being C. scovillei, C. truncatum, and C. siamense. Identification of several pathotypes within these three Colletotrichum species, particularly pathotypes that can overcome resistance in the related Capsicum species, Ca. chinense and Ca. baccatum, will be of major concern to plant breeders as they develop resistant chili genotypes from the transfer of resistance genes from these Capsicum species into Ca. annuum. Accurate identification of the Colletotrichum species causing anthracnose and improved understanding of the biology of the Colletotrichum species and their interaction with the host will enable the application of improved integrated disease management techniques. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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- 2018
49. Influence of waterlogging on growth of pyrethrum plants infected by the crown and root rot pathogens, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium avenaceum and Paraphoma vinacea
- Author
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Paul J. Taylor, Marc E. Nicolas, Azin Moslemi, T Groom, and Peter K. Ades
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0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Chlorosis ,Inoculation ,Pyrethrum ,food and beverages ,Wilting ,Plant Science ,Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,01 natural sciences ,03 medical and health sciences ,Horticulture ,030104 developmental biology ,Fusarium oxysporum ,Root rot ,010606 plant biology & botany ,Plant stem ,Waterlogging (agriculture) - Abstract
Yield decline in pyrethrum fields of northern Tasmania was thought to be due to an interaction between soil-borne pathogens and abiotic stresses. Glasshouse trials were conducted to assess the influence of a 4-day waterlogging period on growth of pyrethrum plants already infected with the crown and root rot pathogens, Fusarium oxysporum, F. avenaceum and Paraphoma vinacea. In plants grown at optimum soil water capacity, F. oxysporum and P. vinacea significantly reduced the below-ground and total biomass of plants before waterlogging (0 bw = 2 months after inoculation, 2 mai), at 2 months after waterlogging (2 maw = 4 months after inoculation, 4 mai) and 6 months after waterlogging (6 maw = 8 months after inoculation, 8 mai) but had little effect on above-ground biomass. Although F. avenaceum was pathogenic it only had a significant effect on below-ground biomass at 4 and 8 mai. At 7 days after waterlogging treatment, plants infected with P. vinacea had more severe wilting, necrosis and chlorosis of the basal leaves and petioles than plants infected with the other two pathogens or non-infected plants. Significant interaction between pathogen treatments and waterlogging occurred at 2 maw, whereas at 6 maw plants had recovered and no significant interaction was observed between the pathogen treatments and waterlogging. The effect of waterlogging on below-ground dry weight of the plants infected with F. oxysporum and P. vinacea at 2 maw was more severe than those infected with F. avenaceum. There was no significant interaction between waterlogging and pathogens on photosynthesis 2 maw however, plants infected by each of the pathogens had the lowest photosynthesis rate in both waterlogged and the non-waterlogged treatments. At 6 maw the number of flowers, flower stems, petioles and leaves were significantly reduced by waterlogging however, there was no significant effect by pathogens nor an interaction between pathogens and waterlogging on these growth parameters. Overall, waterlogging exacerbated the effect of F. oxysporum, F. avenaceum and P. vinacea on below-ground dry weight and total biomass of the root-dip inoculated pyrethrum plants 2 maw and affected the flower and flower stem production.
- Published
- 2018
50. Communication Error Management in Law Enforcement Interactions
- Author
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Ellen Giebels, Paul J. Taylor, Miriam Sharon Daniëlle Oostinga, and Psychology of Conflict, Risk and Safety
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media_common.quotation_subject ,05 social sciences ,Crisis negotiation ,Law enforcement ,Information quality ,Hostility ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,Officer ,Negotiation ,Law enforcement officer ,0502 economics and business ,050501 criminology ,medicine ,media_common.cataloged_instance ,medicine.symptom ,Suspect ,Psychology ,Law ,Social psychology ,050203 business & management ,General Psychology ,0505 law ,media_common - Abstract
Two experiments explore the effect of law enforcement officers’ communication errors and their response strategies on a suspect’s trust in the officer; established rapport and hostility; and, the amount and quality of information shared. Students were questioned online by an exam board member about exam fraud (Nstudy1 = 188) or by a police negotiator after they had stolen money and barricaded themselves (Nstudy2 = 184). Unknown to participants, the online utterances of the law enforcement officer were pre-programmed to randomly assign them to a condition in a 2(Error: factual, judgment) × 3(Response: contradict, apologize, accept) factorial design, or to control where no error was made. Our findings show that making (judgment) errors seem more detrimental for affective trust and rapport in a suspect interview, while no such effects appeared in a crisis negotiation. Notably, we found a positive effect of errors, as more information was being shared. The ultimate effect of the error was dependent on the response: accept was effective in re-establishing rapport and decreasing hostility, while contradict threatens it. Accept seems more effective for the willingness to provide information in a suspect interview, while apologize seems more effective for affective trust and rapport in a crisis negotiation.
- Published
- 2018
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