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Purpose. To analyze prosthetic complications of single screw-retained implant-supported metal–ceramic fixed prostheses (SSIMCFPs). Materials and Methods. A total of 457 medical records of patients treated with implants at the University Dental Clinic of the European University of Valencia from 2016 to 2022 were reviewed. Of the 335 SSIMCFPs evaluated, 222 were included. The following data were collected from medical records: age, sex, prosthesis location, implant diameter, type of antagonist, date of prosthesis placement, type of prosthetic complications, and the date of the occurrence of complications. Statistical analysis was estimated at the patient level with a simple binary logistic regression and at the prosthesis level, a simple logistic regression with generalized estimating equation models (p

In October 2020, we conducted a population-based prospective cohort study to determine post-COVID-19 complications, recovery, return to usual health, and associated risk factors in 536 cases of COVID-19 outbreak in Borriana (Spain) by administering an epidemiological questionnaire via phone interviews. A total of 484 patients participated (90.3%), age mean 37.2 ± 17.1 years, and 301 females (62.2%). Mild illness was the most common COVID-19 manifestation. After six months, 160 patients (33.1%) suffered at least one complication post-COVID-19, and 47 (29.4%) of them sought medical assistance. The most frequent persistent symptoms were hair loss, fatigue, loss of smell or taste, and headache. Risk factors associated with a complication were female sex (adjusted relative risk, [aRR] = 1.93 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.41–2.65), age 35 years and above (aRR = 1.50 95% CI 1.14–1.99), B blood group (aRR = 1.51 95% CI 1.04–2.16), current smoker (RR = 1.61 95% CI 1.02–2.54), and at least a COVID-19 exposure (aRR = 2.13 95% CI 1.11–4.09). Male sex, age younger than 35 years, and low COVID-19 exposures were associated with better recovery and return to usual health. A third of patients presented persistent symptoms compatible with the long-COVID-19 syndrome. In conclusion, an active medical follow-up of post-COVID-19 patients must be implemented.

Objetivo. Analizar la reforma laboral en Brasil y en Chile en los últimos 5 años y su relación con la superexplotación del trabajo. Metodología. Se ha optado por realizar un análisis documental de sitios oficiales de los gobiernos de los países en cuestión e investigación teórica de textos y autores que abordan el tema. Resultados. Se constata que las mudanzas en las leyes laborales refuerzan el trabajo precario, mal remunerado, mantiene las altas tasas de concentración de renta y los índices elevados de pobreza, la dependencia al capital externo, la posición subalterna en la división internacional del trabajo y la garantía de la expropiación de la riqueza socialmente producida, a través de la extracción de plusvalía relativa y absoluta. Conclusión. Se considera que tal situación agrava los rasgos de la superexplotación del trabajo y atiende los intereses del capital internacional y sus agencias.

Acid mine drainage (AMD) systems are extremely acidic and are metal-rich formations inhabited by relatively low-complexity communities of acidophiles whose enzymes remain mostly uncharacterized. Indeed, enzymes from only a few AMD sites have been studied. The low number of available cultured representatives and genome sequences of acidophiles inhabiting AMDs makes it difficult to assess the potential of these environments for enzyme bioprospecting. In this study, using naïve and in silico metagenomic approaches, we retrieved 16 esterases from the α/β-hydrolase fold superfamily with the closest match from uncultured acidophilic Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria (Acidithrix, Acidimicrobium, and Ferrimicrobium), Acidiphilium, and other Proteobacteria inhabiting the Los Rueldos site, which is a unique AMD formation in northwestern Spain with a pH of ∼2. Within this set, only two polypeptides showed high homology (99.4%), while for the rest, the pairwise identities ranged between 4 and 44.9%, suggesting that the diversity of active polypeptides was dominated not by a particular type of protein or highly similar clusters of proteins, but by diverse non-redundant sequences. The enzymes exhibited amino acid sequence identities ranging from 39 to 99% relative to homologous proteins in public databases, including those from other AMDs, thus indicating the potential novelty of proteins associated with a specialized acidophilic community. Ten of the 16 hydrolases were successfully expressed in Escherichia coli. The pH for optimal activity ranged from 7.0 to 9.0, with the enzymes retaining 33–68% of their activities at pH 5.5, which was consistent with the relative frequencies of acid residues (from 54 to 67%). The enzymes were the most active at 30–65°C, retaining 20–61% of their activity under the thermal conditions characterizing Los Rueldos (13.8 ± 0.6°C). The analysis of the substrate specificity revealed the capacity of six hydrolases to efficiently degrade (up to 1,652 ± 75 U/g at pH 8.0 and 30°C) acrylic- and terephthalic-like [including bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-terephthalate, BHET] esters, and these enzymes could potentially be of use for developing plastic degradation strategies yet to be explored. Our assessment uncovers the novelty and potential biotechnological interest of enzymes present in the microbial populations that inhibit the Los Rueldos AMD system.

Este artículo indaga la relación entre las ideologías y las políticas activas de empleo considerando tres modelos de desarrollo en América Latina de principios del siglo xxi: neoliberalismo, neodesarrollismo y socialismo bolivariano, a partir de los casos muy poco estudiados en esta clave de Chile, Brasil y Venezuela. Mediante un análisis documental en distintos niveles: Constituciones, planes de gobierno y diseños de políticas de empleo, los resultados revelan que, si bien existen condicionantes globales, los gobiernos cuentan con un margen de maniobra para dar dirección y configurar proyectos históricos específicos. El diseño de las políticas de empleo expresa esa dirección, por lo que no son meros instrumentos técnicos neutros y transferibles de un país a otro.

Andean uplift and the concomitant formation of the Diagonal Arid of South America is expected to have promoted species diversification through range expansions into this novel environment. We evaluate the evolution of Argylia, a genus belonging to the Bignoniaceae family whose oldest fossil record dates back to 49.4 Ma. Today, Argylia is distributed along the Andean Cordillera, from 15°S to 38.5°S and from sea level up to 4,000 m.a.s.l. We ask whether Argylia’s current distribution is a result of a range expansion along the Andes Cordillera (biological corridor) modulated by climatic niche conservatism, considering the timing of Andean uplift (30 Ma – 5 Ma). To answer this question, we reconstructed the phylogenetic relationships of Argylia species, estimated divergence times, estimated the realized climatic niche of the genus, reconstructed the ancestral climatic niche, evaluated its evolution, and finally, performed an ancestral range reconstruction. We found strong evidence for climatic niche conservatism for moisture variables, and an absence of niche conservatism for most of the temperature variables considered. Exceptions were temperature seasonality and winter temperature. Results imply that Argylia had the capacity to adapt to extreme temperature conditions associated with the Andean uplift and the new climatic corridor produced by uplift. Ancestral range reconstruction for the genus showed that Argylia first diversified in a region where subtropical conditions were already established, and that later episodes of diversification were coeval with the of Andean uplift. We detected a second climatic corridor along the coastal range of Chile-Peru, the coastal lomas, which allowed a northward range expansion of Argylia into the hyperarid Atacama Desert. Dating suggests the current distribution and diversity of Argylia would have been reached during the Late Neogene and Pleistocene.

El artículo se propone indagar en la noción de ciudadanía liberal-marshalliana a la luz del impacto que tienen los procesos de neoliberalización en curso. Los hallazgos dan cuenta de que no se permite realizar la noción de ciudadanía, producto de los procesos de desposesión de derechos sociales, el endeudamiento y la creciente precarización del trabajo y la concentración de la riqueza. Para ello, aborda dos niveles de análisis: uno de orden conceptual acerca del concepto de ciudadanía, centrándose en la noción liberal, y un segundo nivel, que identifica las determinaciones del capitalismo dependiente contemporáneo y los límites del tipo de ciudadanía que es posible construir bajo esos parámetros en el contexto neoliberal. Metodológicamente se realiza una aproximación heurística de la obra de varios autores, en tanto fuentes primarias y secundarias.

ObjectiveMass gathering events (MGEs) are associated with the transmission of COVID-19. Between 6 and 10 March 2020, several MGEs related to the Falles festival took place in Borriana, a municipality in the province of Castellon (Spain). The aim of this study was to estimate the incidence of COVID-19 and its association with these MGEs, and to quantify the potential risk factors of its occurrence.MethodsDuring May and June 2020, a population-based retrospective cohort study was carried out by the Public Health Center of Castelló and the Hospital de la Plana in Vila-real. Participants were obtained from a representative sample of 1663 people with potential exposure at six MGEs. A questionnaire survey was carried out to obtain information about attendance at MGEs and COVID-19 disease. In addition, a serologic survey of antibodies against SARS-Cov-2 was implemented. Inverse probability weighted regression was used in the statistical analysis.ResultsA total of 1338 subjects participated in the questionnaire survey (80.5%), 997 of whom undertook the serologic survey. Five hundred and seventy cases were observed with an attack rate (AR) of 42.6%; average age was 36 years, 62.3% were female, 536 cases were confirmed by laboratory tests, and 514 cases were found with SARS-CoV-2 total antibodies. Considering MGE exposure, AR was 39.2% (496/1264). A dose-response relationship was found between MGE attendance and the disease, (adjusted relative risk [aRR] = 4.11 95% confidence interval [CI]3.25-5.19). Two MGEs with a dinner and dance in the same building had higher risks. Associated risk factors with the incidence were older age, obesity, and upper and middle class versus lower class; current smoking was protective.ConclusionsThe study suggests the significance of MGEs in the COVID-19 transmission that could explain the subsequent outbreak in Borriana.

Se realiza una reconstrucción teórica acerca de la noción de justicia social presente en tres tradiciones de la izquierda chilena: el Partido Comunista, el Partido Socialista y el Movimiento de Izquierda Revolucionaria (MIR). La historia de estas colectividades es abordada desde principios del siglo XX, pero especialmente a partir de la década del 50 hasta el golpe militar del año 1973. Los hallazgos dan cuenta de que la noción de justicia social de las tres corrientes tiende a coincidir y sustentarse en la dialéctica necesidad/libertad.We present a theoretical reconstruction of the notion of social justice, present in three traditions of the Chilean left: Communist Party, Socialist Party and the Revolutionary Left Movement (MIR). The history of these groups is considered from the start of the XX centuary, but especially since the 50’s until military coup in 1973. The findings show that: the notion of social justice of three groups tend to coincide and is sustained by is dialectic need/freedon.

La relevancia del uso de la noción de sociedad civil en algunas de las políticas públicas chilenas de los últimos años de los gobiernos de la Concertación obliga a escudriñar en algunos de los aparatos conceptuales -ubicados en los clásicos de la filosofía política- que están detrás de ese uso y revisar la construcción histórica de Chile que se ha realizado focalizando la relación entre Sociedad Civil y Estado. Lo anterior con el fin de explicarnos la relevancia y semántica que ha asumido hoy esa categoría en Chile -proceso no ajeno al movimiento en este sentido que se viene dando en diversos puntos del planeta desde hace algunas décadas-, como así también las tensiones y dificultades que llevan para avanzar en la democratización de nuestra sociedad.