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The worldwide trend of population growth and municipal solid waste generation suggests the application of tools to assess the sustainability of management systems, aiming at more conscious decision-making. The arrival of the circular economy concept and the Brazilian National Solid Waste Policy aroused discussions and greater concern with the products' life cycle and waste reduction. Thus, the present study aimed to economically evaluate the strategic planning of the urban solid waste management system in Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, complementing the analysis of environmental impacts previously carried out, aiming to support sustainable decision making. Results showed that the landfill with energy recovery, despite being environmentally favorable, is not economically viable for the local reality. Investments in improving the efficiency of selective collection and sorting of recyclables, as well as a composting unit, are environmentally beneficial and profitable, despite the significant costs involved. It was concluded, then, that the Campo Grande Selective Collection Plan has realistic and environmentally and economically feasible goals that must be implemented urgently in order to improve the quality of life of the population and reduce environmental impacts, both locally and globally.

Resumo: Com o objetivo de dar subsídios à elaboração de planos, projetos, programas e ações com foco no reúso da água e dos nutrientes, foi realizada a pesquisa de campo com aplicação de questionários nas comunidades quilombolas do Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, considerando aspectos socioeconômicos, condições de habitação, abastecimento de água, esgotamento doméstico e saúde. Os resultados indicaram que as comunidades são suficientemente estruturadas para tomarem decisões em questões de saneamento, o que irá permitir que escolham tecnologias mais sustentáveis, além da difusão da educação sanitária e ambiental. Abstract: Aiming at subsidizing the elaboration of programs, projects and actions focused on the reuse of water and nutrients, field work with the application of questionnaires was carried out in the Quilombola communities of Mato Grosso do Sul State, considering socioeconomic aspects, housing conditions, water supply, sewage services and health. The results indicated that the communities are sufficiently well organized to make decisions on sanitation matters, which will allow them to choose more sustainable technologies, as well as the diffusion of sanitary and environmental education. Résumé: Visant à subventionner l'élaboration des programmes, des projets et des actions ciblées sur la réutilisation de l'eau et des éléments nutritifs, le travail sur le terrain avec l'application des questionnaires a été effectuée dans les communautés quilombos du Mato Grosso do Sul, Considérant les aspects socio-économiques, les conditions de logement, l'approvisionnement en eau , les services d'assainissement et de la santé. Les résultats indiqués Que des communautés sont suffisamment bien organisés pour prendre des décisions sur des questions d'assainissement, ce qui leur permettra de choisir des technologies plus durables, ainsi que la diffusion de l'éducation sanitaire et environnementale. Resumen: Con el objetivo de subvencionar la elaboración de programas, proyectos y acciones dirigidas a la reutilización del agua y los nutrientes, el trabajo de campo con la aplicación de los cuestionarios se llevó a cabo en las comunidades quilombolas de Mato Grosso do Sul, Teniendo en cuenta los aspectos socioeconómicos, las condiciones de vivienda, suministro de agua , servicios de alcantarillado y la salud. Los resultados indicaron Que las comunidades son suficientemente bien organizado para tomar decisiones en materia de saneamiento, lo que les permitirá elegir las tecnologías más sostenibles, así como la difusión de la educación sanitaria y ambiental.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence in saturation on the nitrogen removal performance of vertical flow constructed wetlands (VFCW), filled with gravel, in the post-treatment of anaerobic septic tank effluent (ST). The research was designed based on two experimental systems: a benchtop and a full-scale one. In the first experiment, 200 mm diameter PVC pipes were used, filled with gravel. Canna x generalis seedlings were transplanted into them, fed with the TS effluent 5 times a day, for 3.5 days a week, with the same time for resting. Three hydraulic loading rates - HLR (40, 70 and 100 mm.d-1) were tested for two saturation conditions: 20% (15 cm) and 33% (25 cm). Qualitative and quantitative monitoring of influent and effluent wastewater from each treatment unit was carried out, evaluating the following parameters: chemical oxygen demand (CODt), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), ammonia nitrogen (N-NH4+), nitrite (N -NO2-) and nitrate (N-NO3-), alkalinity, solids series and pH. In the second experiment, these same parameters were analyzed in a full-scale system composed of TS (V=4.7 m3) and WCFV (A = 24.5 m2, filled with gravel and planted with Canna x generalis), in order to compare the effect of saturation (phase II) compared to the previous phase, with recirculation of the treated effluent in the VFCW to the septic tank (phase I). Furthermore, 16S rRNA sequencing was used to identify the nitrifying and denitrifying bacterial community present in the system through samples of the support medium (gravel) at different points of the VFCW. In the benchtop system, the results showed that the saturation height that best removed NT was 25 cm. In the full-scale experiment, with 25 cm of saturation, efficiencies of 61%, 63%, 91%, 40%, 92% and 88% were found for the VFCW for N-NH4+, TN, TSS, TS, BOD and CODt, respectively. When statistically analyzing the effluent concentrations and the global efficiencies of the different operational phases, it was noticed that COD and NT did not present a significant difference. Microbiological analysis in the wetland bed showed the presence of Chromatiales, Xanthomonadales, Nitrospirales families on the surface and in the middle of the wetland bed, both in summer and in winter. At the bottom of the wetland, in the saturation layer, Rhodocyclales and Nitrospiraceae were also observed in winter and summer. The analysis also determined that there was low diversity of nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria. Nitrospira family genera predominated as nitrifying bacteria and Rhodocyclaceae and Bradyrhizobiaceae family genera predominated as denitrifying bacteria. Operation with a saturated bottom offers advantages over recirculation, mainly related to lower energy consumption (for pumping) and greater operational simplicity. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência da saturação de fundo no desempenho da remoção de nitrogênio de wetlands construídos de fluxo vertical (WCFV), preenchidos com brita, no pós-tratamento de efluente anaeróbio de tanque séptico (TS). A pesquisa foi delineada baseada em dois sistemas experimentais: um de bancada, e um em escala real. No primeiro experimento, utilizaram-se tubos de PVC com 200 mm de diâmetro, preenchidos com brita. Neles foram transplantados mudas de Canna x generalis, os quais foram alimentados com o efluente do TS 5 vezes ao dia, por 3,5 dias na semana, com o mesmo tempo destinado a repouso. Foram testadas 3 taxas de aplicação hidráulica - TAH (40, 70 e 100 mm.d-1) para duas condições de saturação de fundo: 20% (15 cm) e 33% (25 cm). Foi realizado o monitoramento qualitativo e quantitativo da água residuária afluente e efluente de cada unidade de tratamento, avaliando os seguintes parâmetros: demanda química de oxigênio (DQO), nitrogênio total Kjeldahl (NTK), nitrogênio amoniacal (N-NH4+), nitrito (N-NO2-) e nitrato (N-NO3-), alcalinidade, série de sólidos e pH. Já no segundo experimento, esses mesmos parâmetros foram analisados em um sistema em escala real composto de TS (V=4,7 m3) e WCFV (A = 24,5 m2, preenchido com brita e plantado com Canna x generalis) a fim de comparar o efeito da saturação de fundo (fase II) diante da fase anterior, com recirculação do efluente tratado no WCFV para o tanque séptico (fase I). Ainda, foram realizadas análises de sequenciamento 16s rRNA para identificar a comunidade bacteriana nitrificante e desnitrificante presente no sistema por meio de amostras do meio suporte (brita) em diferentes pontos do WCFV. No sistema de bancada os resultados mostraram que a altura de saturação que melhor removeu NT foi a com 25 cm. Já no experimento em escala real, com 25 cm de saturação, foram encontradas para o WCFV eficiências de 61%, 63%, 91%, 40%, 92% e 88% para N-NH4+, NT, SST, ST, DBO e DQOt, respectivamente. Ao analisar estatisticamente as concentrações efluentes e as eficiências globais, das diferentes fases operacionais, notou-se que DQO e NT não apresentaram diferença significativa. A análise microbiológica no leito do WCFV demostrou a presença das familias Chromatiales, Xanthomonadales, Nitrospirales na superfície e no meio do leito do WCFV, tanto no verão como no inverno. Já no fundo do WCFV, na camada de saturação, foram verificados Rhodocyclales e Nitrospiraceae também no inverno e verão. As análises também determinaram que havia baixa diversidade de bactérias nitrificantes e desnitrificantes. Gêneros da família Nitrospira predominaram como bactérias nitrificantes e os gêneros das famílias Rhodocyclaceae e Bradyrhizobiaceae predominaram como desnitrificantes. A operação com fundo saturado oferece vantagens em relação à recirculação, relacionadas principalmente ao menor consumo de energia (para bombeamento) e uma maior simplicidade operacional.