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El presente estudio tiene como objetivo analizar el nivel de gestión participativa de ciudades ribereñas en lo que respecta a la planificación y ejecución de los gastos públicos, clasificando posteriormente las ciudades según la escala de participación social establecida por Airnstein (2019), de modo que este análisis pueda servir para reflexionar sobre la situación social de estos municipios. La investigación fue realizada en ciudades de la Isla de Marajó, en el estado de Para, lugar que tiene la mayor concentración de pueblos ribereños y los menores Índices de Desarrollo de Brasil. La metodología utilizada fue el análisis documental y entrevistas semiestructuradas a líderes políticos de los municipios, por medio del análisis de contenido. Entre las conclusiones del estudio podemos destacar que no existe conciencia, por parte de la administración, del poder ciudadano. Hay baja o ninguna representatividad popular institucionalizada. El nivel de participación social, según la escala aplicada, se concentra en el nivel de manipulación, información y consulta. Ninguno de los municipios analizados mantiene el ideal de gestión participativa basado en el control ciudadano.

Movement disorders including chorea, dystonia, tics, myoclonus, and parkinsonism are among the multiple acute and long-term complications of substance use disorders (SUD), including amphetamines, cathinones (“bath salts”), cocaine, opioids. Although not frequently reported, they might significantly affect the lives of people with SUD. For instance, chorea, tics, and stereotypies are hyperkinetic movements reported in people taking amphetamines. Symptoms usually manifest within the first hours of drug use, subsiding thereafter. In some patients, however, movement disorders can have a chronic course, persisting even after the end of amphetamine misuse. This chapter reports the diversity of movement disorders in SUD and their clinical implications, focusing on the manifestations outside the intoxication phase.

This study analysed and compared the shell shape, morphometrics and relative growth of four sympatric limpet species (Patella depressa,Patella ulyssiponensis,Patella vulgataandSiphonaria pectinata) collected at Praia da Luz in Lagos (Algarve coast – southern Portugal). Morphometric relationships were established through regression analysis between linear (shell length, width and height), ponderal (total weight), area (shell base and surface areas) and volume variables (shell internal and total volumes). Relative growth (isometryvsallometry) was analysed to assess variation in the growth rate of morphometric variables throughout the species ontogeny. In addition, morphometric indices (ellipticity, conicity, density, surface area and volumetry) were calculated to further characterize shell shape. Overall, 1482 individuals with broad size and weight ranges were analysed (P. depressa= 354;P. ulyssiponensis= 306;P. vulgata= 408;S. pectinata= 414). All regressions were highly significant (P< 0.001) and the morphometric variables were strongly correlated (r= 0.761 to 0.994). Among 28 morphometric relationships, there were 14 isometries, 13 positive allometries and only one negative allometry. The morphometric indices revealed clear morphological differences between species and were mostly size-dependent, reflecting gradual changes in shell shape during growth. The main results are compared with a compilation of analogous data reported for these limpet species throughout their distributional range. Overall, the general trends in relative growth are discussed in terms of the species life habits, main traits and functional morphology.

Computer technologies have significantly evolved in their ways of interacting with humans. This article analyzes the effects of the large-scale invasion of ICTs in the lives of families in the Brazilian Amazon, assessing the impacts on their socio-emotional relationships. The analysis is based on two exploratory and predominantly qualitative studies conducted with families living in the Metropolitan Region of Belém, State of Pará, located in the Brazilian Amazon. One of the studies monitored 143 families daily during the period of confinement imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic in April 2020. The second study surveyed 71 families, obtaining data on socio-emotional aspects. The findings point out a conservative behavior toward technology, even in the face of a radical behavior change in social interactions.

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) comprise a heterogeneous group of clonal hematopoiet­ic disorders characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis, cytopenias and dysplasia and one or more lineages. The stratification of MDS is made based on the percentage of bone marrow blasts, number of cytopenias and karyotype at diagnosis. Somatic mutations in the p53 tu­mor suppressor gene are found in approximately 50% of all human tumors, making it the most commonly mutated gene. The expression of p53 protein and the study of mutations is especially needed in the prognosis of MDS. In this context, the study aims to evaluate the expansion of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and the expression of p53 protein in pa­tients with SMD, low risk, according to the International Prognostic System (IPSS), in order to demonstrate the importance of these evaluations also diagnostics. This is a cross-sectional analytical study with review 3 adult patients of both sexes, the diagnosis of low-risk MDS receiving outpatient treatment at the University Hospital Walter Cantídio (HUWC). MSCs were characterized by immunophenotyping and screening of mutation of the p53 gene by Real Time PCR System (Applied Biosystems). For data analysis, the statistical software was used GraphPadPrism 5.0. Statistical differences between groups were checked by Student t or Mann-Whitney’s test significance level was p < 0.05 for all analyzes. The results showed a smaller expansion of MSCs in the bone marrow of patients with MDS compared with a control group. A survey of mutation of the p53 gene was negative in all patients. The results demonstrate an impairment in the growth of MSCs in patients with MDS, collaborating with the hypothesis that medullary microenvironment in MDS may be compromised contributing greater understanding of disease mechanisms. However studies with larger sample should be conducted in order to establish the best results.

Mantle plumes are key drivers of intraplate volcanism on Earth. Hotspot flux controls the lifetime of volcanism, yet its impact on magma plumbing architecture, composition of erupted products, and eruptive styles remain poorly constrained. Here, we combine geochemistry and geochronology on Earth's longest continental hotspot chain to assess the effect of waning plume activity on pre-eruptive magma transfer, storage, and differentiation. We identify two groups of age-progressive Cenozoic volcanoes across eastern Australia. The Northern volcanoes are older and "long-lived" (3.5–7 Ma activity) and erupted high volumes (>800 km3) of magmas with bimodal compositions, including relatively homogeneous basalts with aphyric texture (~3 vol% phenocrysts). In contrast, the southern volcanic chain splits into two parallel tracks, where volcanoes become "short-lived" (~1.5 Ma or less), erupting

The present study described the gametogenesis and assessed the pattern of energy storage throughout the reproductive cycle of the golden carpet shell (Polititapes aureus) from the Ria Formosa lagoon (southern Portugal). Monthly sampling was performed for two years (March 2016–February 2018) and the study was based on gonad histology, complemented by the estimation of the mean gonadal index, body condition index and biochemical composition. The species’ reproductive cycle presented a seasonal pattern, with a resting period mainly between October and January and gametogenesis beginning around February– March. The spawning season of P. aureus was shorter in 2016 (June–September) than in 2017 (May–October). Furthermore, ripe individuals were very scarce (1.3%) in 2017 compared with the previous year (11.4%). Mean gonadal index (GI) reflected the species’ reproductive cycle and the body condition index (CI) and biochemical composition of the individuals exhibited high variation between years. Regarding the biochemical composition, proteins ranged between 190.6 and 595.2 μg mg−1 , glycogen from 5.7 to 102.6 μg mg−1 and total lipids between 31.6 and 80.7 μg mg−1 . The reproduction of P. aureus was strongly influenced by fluctuations in both seawater temperature and chlorophyll a, as reflected through the temporal variation in the gonadal cycle, condition index and biochemical composition. Overall, the information gathered in this study is valuable to propose scientifically based harvesting management measures for the long-term sustainable exploitation of this shellfish resource, further reinforcing the importance of implementing adaptive fishery management strategies to cope with global climate change. projects‘Contributo para a Gestão Sustentada da Pequena Pesca e da Apanha (PESCAPANHA)’, ‘Gestão das Zonas de Produção de Moluscos Bivalves da Região Algarvia – Sistema Nacional Monitorização de Moluscos Bivalves (SNMB-SUL II)’ and ‘Inovação e Valorização da Aquacultura de Invertebrados Marinhos (AIM)’, funded by the Operational Programme (MAR 2020) and co-financed by the European Maritime and Fisheries Fund (EMFF 2014–2020). info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Highlights: • First study to compare microplastic effects over a wide biogeographical range • Comparison between natural inorganic microparticles and plastic microparticles • Significant effects on byssus production, respiration and clearance rates, but small effect sizes • No ecologically relevant difference between impact of plastic and natural inorganic microparticles on Mytilidae Abstract: Microplastics are ubiquitous in the marine environment and studies on their effects on benthic filter feeders at least partly revealed a negative influence. However, it is still unclear whether the effects of microplastics differ from those of natural suspended microparticles, which constitute a common stressor in many coastal environments. We present a series of experiments that compared the effects of six-week exposures of marine mussels to two types of natural particles (red clay and diatom shells) to two types of plastic particles (Polymethyl Methacrylate and Polyvinyl Chloride). Mussels of the family Mytilidae from temperate regions (Japan, Chile, Tasmania) through subtropical (Israel) to tropical environments (Cabo Verde) were exposed to concentrations of 1.5 mg/L, 15 mg/L and 150 mg/L of the respective microparticles. At the end of this period, we found significant effects of suspended particles on respiration rate, byssus production and condition index of the animals. There was no significant effect on clearance rate and survival. Surprisingly, we observed only small differences between the effects of the different types of particles, which suggests that the mussels were generally equally robust towards exposure to variable concentrations of suspended solids regardless of whether they were natural or plastic. We conclude, that microplastics and suspended solids elicit similar effects on the tested response variables, and that both types of microparticles mainly cause acute responses rather than more persistent carry-over effects.

This study aimed to characterize the catches, quantify fishing yield, bycatch and discards, and also estimate damage and mortality rates using hand dredges with two different mesh sizes (20 and 25 mm) for harvesting the wedge clam (Donax trunculus). A total of 160 tows were performed in Lota Beach and Armona Island in the Algarve coast (southern Portugal). Overall, were caught 12,319 individuals (3985 in Lota Beach and 8334 in Armona Island) belonging to 48 taxa distributed among seven phyla (14 taxa in Lota Beach and 44 taxa in Armona Island). Bycatch proportions ranged from 13.1% to 32.0% in abundance and from 10.7% to 32.9% in biomass, with more bycatch using hand dredges with 20 mm mesh size. Commercially undersized D. trunculus (MCRS = 25 mm SL) prevailed within the bycatch, representing over 40% of discards using both mesh sizes. Due to different size selectivity, the target catch (CPUE) and bycatch per unit effort (BCPUE) in abundance and biomass, as well as fishing yield as a function of tow duration and towed area, were lower for hand dredges with 25 mm mesh than with 20 mm mesh. In general, damage and mortality rates were fairly low (1.3-2.6%) independently of mesh size, reinforcing the importance of releasing live bycatch to the sea immediately after sorting the catches. Overall, this study prompted the need to develop a good practice guide for hand dredgers, aiming to mitigate avoidable indirect discards mortality and improve the sustainability of this traditional harvesting activity. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Description, The discovery of an exceptionally well-preserved fossil site provides new insight into the nature of Miocene ecosystems., Reduced precipitation in the Miocene triggered the geographic contraction of rainforest ecosystems around the world. In Australia, this change was particularly pronounced; mesic rainforest ecosystems that once dominated the landscape transformed into the shrublands, grasslands, and deserts of today. A lack of well-preserved fossils has made it difficult to understand the nature of Australian ecosystems before the aridification. Here, we report on an exceptionally well-preserved rainforest biota from New South Wales, Australia. This Konservat-Lagerstätte hosts a rich diversity of microfossils, plants, insects, spiders, and vertebrate remains preserved in goethite. We document evidence for several species interactions including predation, parasitism, and pollination. The fossils are indicative of an oxbow lake in a mesic rainforest and suggest that rainforest distributions have shifted since the Miocene. The variety of fossils preserved, together with high fidelity of preservation, allows for unprecedented insights into the mesic ecosystems that dominated Australia during the Miocene.

Este artigo apresenta os desafios de privacidade existentes na utilização de dispositivos de assistentes virtuais pessoais. Como tal, foi realizada uma revisão de literatura utilizando as seguintes bases bibliográficas: EBSCOhost e Google Scholar (Google Académico). Constatou-se que existem vários riscos na utilização de dispositivos com assistentes virtuais pessoais, os quais podem ser desencadeados por vários motivos, desde falhas mecânicas; falhas de software; falhas na cloud, nomeadamente na conexão do dispositivo à Internet; falta de meios de autenticação e autorização fortes; falta de conhecimento e consciencialização dos utilizadores para os perigos e falta de transparência das empresas com os seus clientes na forma como são tratados e armazenados os seus dados e informações privadas. Em termos de implicações práticas, foi importante identificar que estratégias, comportamentos e atitudes é necessário implementar para superar os desafios apontados pelos autores identificados ao longo do documento.

Marine Engineers are forged to face the most complex adversities of the maritime environment, whether in cabotage, maritime support, fluvial or on oil and gas rigs. Usually, the Marine Engineer is responsible for the production of potable water, lubricating oil and fuel system, sanitary and cooling system, propulsion system, electricity generation and others. This chapter will use quality tools, including the dart of Vasconcelos to quickly find the root cause of the problems. Troubleshooting is part of day-to-day job of an experienced Engineer, and he knows what kinds of techniques to use to troubleshoot and solve problems in an organized, quick and easy way.

This study describes the reproductive cycle of the common limpet (Patella vulgata) and rough limpet (Patella ulyssiponensis) from the Algarve coast (southern Portugal). Individuals of both species were sampled monthly during two consecutive years, and subjected to gonad histology and calculation of the mean gonadal index (GI). Both species had balanced sex ratios (P. vulgata = 1M: 0.98F; P. ulyssiponensis = 1M: 1.03F), similar size-frequency distribution between sexes, and equivalent mean shell lengths (SL) and total weights (TW) between males and females. In these protandrous hermaphrodites, the estimated size at sex change was slightly smaller in P. vulgata (SL50 approximate to 29 mm) than in P. ulyssiponensis (SL50 approximate to 36 mm). The reproductive cycles of both species were characterised by a main spawning season in early spring to early summer, sometimes including subsidiary spawning events. A comparison of the main spawning season throughout the species distributional ranges revealed that populations of P. vulgata and P. ulyssiponensis from southern Portugal have later spawning periods than other populations from the northeastern Atlantic Ocean. The present information is relevant for conservation purposes and for the proposal of management measures for the harvesting activity targeting P. vulgata and P. ulyssiponensis in southern Portugal. Agência financiadora Fisheries Operational Programme (MAR 2020) European Maritime and Fisheries Fund (EMFF 2014-2020) Corporation Bank of India info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Introducao e Objetivo: Os canais mandibulares sao estruturas anatomicas que se estendem desde o forame mandibular ate o forame mentoniano e em seu interior localizam-se o nervo, arteria e veia alveolar inferior. Verificar a topografia anatomica de terceiros molares em relacao aos seus respectivos canais mandibulares atraves de Tomografias Computadorizadas de um banco de dados. Materiais e metodos: Exames de 48 pacientes com terceiros molares bilaterais foram obtidos por um aparelho de Tomografia Computadorizada Helicoidal Multislice, General Eletric® do banco de dados de uma clinica privada de Teresina-PI e analisados. Resultados: Para os terceiros molares inclusos, a distância nula em relacao ao canal mandibular foi a mais prevalente (59,68%), enquanto que a posicao das raizes apresentou-se na maioria dos casos superior (53,13%) e vestibular (45,3%) em relacao ao canal mandibular. Este se encontrava geralmente proximo a cortical lingual (79,17%). Conclusao: Houve maior prevalencia de distância nula dos apices radiculares ao canal quando os terceiros molares encontravam- se inclusos (maioria mesioangulados) e, superior ao canal quando estavam erupcionados. No sentido vertical, os apices radiculares encontravam- se mais frequentemente na posicao superior ao canal. Ja no aspecto horizontal, os apices radiculares estavam mais vestibulares ao canal mandibular. E este se encontrava frequentemente proximo a cortical lingual. Topographic analysis of the relationship of lower third molars with the mandibular canal through computerized tomographies Introduction and objective: The mandibular canals are anatomical structures that extend from the mandibular foramen to the mental foramen, and the interior of the mandibular canal is located the nerve, artery and inferior alveolar vein. To verify the anatomical topography of third molars in relation to their respective mandibular channels through Computerized Tomography of a database. Materials and methods: 48 patients with bilateral third molars were obtained by a Helicoidal Multislice Computed Tomography, General Eletric® from the database of a private clinic in Teresina-PI and analyzed. Results: For the third molars included, the null distance in relation to the mandibular canal was the most prevalent (59.68%), while the position of the roots presented in most cases superior (53.13%) and vestibular (45.3%) in relation to the mandibular canal. This was generally close to the lingual cortical (79.17%). Conclusion: There was a higher prevalence of null distance from the root apexes to the canal when third molars were included (most mesioangulated) and superior to the canal when they were erupted. In the vertical direction, the root apexes were more often in the position superior to the canal. In the horizontal aspect, the root apices were more vestibular to the mandibular canal. And this was often close to the lingual cortical. Keywords: Tomography; Mandibular Nerve; Molar, Third. Analisis topografico de la relacion de terceros molares inferiores con los canales mandibulares por medio de tomografias computadorizadas Introduccion y Objetivo: Los canales mandibulares son estructuras anatomicas que se extienden desde el foramen mandibular hasta el foramen mentoniano y en su interior se encuentra el nervio, arteria y vena alveolar inferior. Verificar la topografia anatomica de terceros molares con relacion a sus respectivos canales mandibulares por medio de Tomografias Computadorizadas de un banco de datos. Materiales y metodos: Examenes de 48 pacientes con terceros molares biltaerales fueron obtenidos y analizados por un tomografo Helicoidal Multislice, General Electric® del banco de datos una clinica particular de Teresina-PI. Resultados: Para los terceros molares incluidos, la distancia nula con relacion al canal mandibular fue la mas prevalente (59,68&), mientras que la posicion de las raices se presento en la mayoria de los casos superior (53,13%) y vestibular (45,3%) con relacion al canal mandibular. Este se encontraba generalmente proximo a la cortical lingual (79,17%). Conclusion: Hubo mayor prevalencia de distancia nula de los apices radiculares al canal cuando los terceros molares estaban incluidos (mayoria mesioangulados) y superior al canal cuando estaban erupcionados. En el sentido vertical, los apices radiculares se encontraron frecuentemente superior al canal. En el sentido horizontal, los apices radiculares estaban mas vestibulares al canal mandibular. Este se encontraba proximo a la cortical lingual. Palabras clave: Tomografia; Nervio Mandibular; Tercer Molar.

The present study reports a detailed description of the catches of cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis) in the trap fishery performed seasonally off the Algarve coast (southern Portugal). A total of 86 fishing surveys were performed during the fishing season (May-September) from 2009 to 2014, on sandy bottoms at bathymetrics ranging from 8 to 10 m depth. During the whole study period, fishing operations involved 6311 cuttlefish traps with a gear catch rate of 37% (frequency of traps with cuttlefish) and a mean of 0.9 S. officinalis caught per trap. A total of 5883 S. officinalis (1424.0 kg) were caught, being only recorded 282 dead individuals (mortality rate of 4.6%). The mean fishing yield (standardised CPUE's in number and weight) was 46.6 individuals and 11.3 kg 50 traps(-1). Overall, males (n = 3188) outnumbered females (n = 2695), producing a significant male-biased (1 M: 0.85 F) sex ratio. On average, females were significantly larger and heavier (124.4 +/- 22.9 mm ML; 253.1 +/- 148.8 g TW) than males (121.9 +/- 24.0 mm ML; 230.7 +/- 143.1 g TW). Accordingly, the length-frequency distributions displayed significant gender differences, with 89.6% of females and 85.8% of males accomplishing the MCRS (100 mm ML). This markedly seasonal, highly sustainable and low impacting small-scale fishery constitutes a locally important socio-economic activity during spring and summer. Undamaged catches and highly fresh individuals further contribute to the considerable price reached by S. officinalis caught using this artisanal fishing gear. Agência financiadora European Union (EU) Fisheries Operational Programme (MAR 2020) European Maritime and Fisheries Fund (EMFF 2014-2020) info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Limpet shells can harbour a high diversity of species. Individuals of four limpet species (Patella depressa, Patella ulyssiponensis, Patella vulgata and Siphonaria pectinata) were collected monthly during one year in southern Portugal. Epibiont organisms were identified, counted and the percentage cover of facilitator taxa was also recorded. A total of 86 taxa were identified with abundance reaching 674 epibionts on a single basibiont shell. P. ulyssiponensis showed the highest epibiont species diversity and richness while P. depressa and P. vulgata showed similar diversity and richness. P. depressa had a more even epibiotic community mainly due to higher densities of Chthamalus sp. Overall, basibiont species was the key factor determining the epibiotic community, followed by month/season and erect algae. The presence of erect algae potentiated the epibionts diversity on limpet shells, whereas the occurrence of barnacles tended to decrease it and the presence of crustose algae had no significant effect on epibionts diversity. These findings shed further light on the biological and ecological complex relationships among keystone species inhabiting intertidal rocky shores.

The epifauna associated to farmed mussels in southern Portugal coast was analysed, aiming at identifying the species with spreading potential through commercial transport. The presence of a relevant number of the species here found is not reported to at least one of the common mussel export/transposition countries. Indeed, important species biogeographic dissimilarities between the mussel farm area and the Greater North Sea and Western Mediterranean Sea sub-regions were detected, suggesting the potential transport of non-indigenous species (NIS) into other countries. Among them, fouling species such as the anemones Paractinia striata and Urticina felina, the acorn barnacles Balanus glandula and Balanus trigonus or the bryozoans Bugulina stolonifera and Schizoporella errata exhibit functional attributes that allow them to colonise and spread in new areas. This combined biogeographic and functional approach may contribute to clarify the role of aquaculture on the transport of NIS and to predict and prevent their spreading worldwide. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

This study analysed the shell morphology, morphometric relationships and relative growth in three topshell species (Phorcus lineatus, Phorcus sauciatus and Steromphala umbilicalis) collected in the Algarve coast (southern Portugal). A total of 1382 individuals were sampled (465 P. lineatus, 447 P. sauciatus and 470 S. umbilicalis) and all species comprised individuals with broad size and weight ranges. Morphometric relationships were established between linear (shell height, width, spire height, aperture height, aperture width) and ponderal (total weight) variables, whose relative growth (isometry vs. allometry) was analysed to assess variation throughout the species ontogeny. All morphometric relationships were highly significant (P < 0.001) and displayed invariably high correlation coefficients (r = 0.828 to 0.977), presenting mostly negative allometries (77.8%), distantly followed by positive allometries (16.7%) and by isometric growth (5.5%). In addition, four morphometric indices (sphericity, conicity, aperture roundness and density) were calculated to further describe and discern variation in shell shape in these topshell species. Moreover, this study provides a useful compilation and comparison of morphometric relationships, indices and relative growth features, thus improving the knowledge currently available on these subjects for P. lineatus, P. sauciatus and S. umbilicalis. IPMA-2019-042-BI info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Background/aim Although risk stratification using the Prognostic Scores Systems (IPSS, WPSS and IPSS-R) incorporate key information about prognosis of patients with Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), patients classified as low-risk may evolve rapidly and aggressively, despite a "favorable" prognostic stratification. The aim of this study was to identify biomarkers for predicting prognosis, and for better stratification and management of these patients. Materials and methods Expression of CD34 and p53 in megakaryocytes was examined by immunohistochemistry in 71 MDS patients classified as low-risk. Results CD34 staining in megakaryocytes was associated with p53 expression (p=0.0166). CD34 and p53 expression were associated to worse overall survival in patients (p=0.0281). Conclusion The presence of CD34 in megakaryocytes is associated with p53 expression and an adverse prognosis for MDS patients.