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1. Environment induced dynamical quantum phase transitions in two-qubit Rabi model

Author

Di Bello, G., Ponticelli, A., Pavan, F., Cataudella, V., De Filippis, G., de Candia, A., and Perroni, C. A.

Subjects
Quantum Physics
Abstract

The physics of quantum states beyond thermodynamic equilibrium represents a fascinating and cutting-edge research. Using numerical state-of-the-art approaches, we observe dynamical quantum phase transitions in the dissipative two-qubit Rabi model. By quenching the qubits-oscillator coupling, the system (Rabi + Environment) exhibits dynamical quantum phase transitions signalled by kinks of Loschmidt echo's rate function at parameter values close to thermodynamic transition. Notably, these transitions also manifest in two-qubit entanglement. While at equilibrium one class of Beretzinski-Kosterlitz-Thouless-type transitions occurs, non-equilibrium conditions reveal two classes of dynamical critical phenomena, depending on qubits' interactions and entanglement. When qubits directly interact, the kink critical exponent describes a linear behavior, reminiscent of nearest neighbors Ising chains, with short-range interactions dominating at short times. Conversely, non-interacting qubits exhibit critical exponents much smaller than unity due to bath-induced long-range interactions. These findings shed light on the complex behavior of dynamical quantum phase transitions in non-integrable models, showing unusual entanglement features and the environment's significant role., Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures in main text; 8 pages, 6 figures in supplemental material

Published
2023
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2. Witnessing Environment Induced Topological Phase Transitions via Quantum Monte Carlo and Cluster Perturbation Theory Studies

Author

Pavan, F., de Candia, A., Di Bello, G., Cataudella, V., Nagaosa, N., Perroni, C. A., and De Filippis, G.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons, Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics
Abstract

Many-body interactions play a crucial role in quantum topological systems, being able to impact or alter the topological classifications of non-interacting fermion systems. In open quantum systems, where interactions with the environment cause dissipation and decoherence of the fermionic dynamics, the absence of hermiticity in the subsystem Hamiltonian drastically reduces the stability of the topological phases of the corresponding closed systems. Here we investigate the non-perturbative effects induced by the environment on the prototype Su-Schrieffer-Heeger chain coupled to local harmonic oscillator baths through either intra-cell or inter-cell transfer integrals. Despite the common view, this type of coupling, if suitably engineered, can even induce a transition to topological phases. By using a world-line Quantum Monte Carlo technique we determine the phase diagram of the model proving that the bimodality of the probability distribution of the polarization signals the emergence of the topological phase. We show that a qualitative description can be obtained in terms of an approach based on the Cluster Perturbation Theory providing, in particular, a non-Hermitian Hamiltonian for the fermionic subsystem and insights on the dissipative dynamics., Comment: 5 figures

Published
2023

6. The use of head helmets to deliver noninvasive ventilatory support: a comprehensive review of technical aspects and clinical findings

Author

Coppadoro, A, Zago, E, Pavan, F, Foti, G, Bellani, G, Coppadoro A., Zago E., Pavan F., Foti G., Bellani G., Coppadoro, A, Zago, E, Pavan, F, Foti, G, Bellani, G, Coppadoro A., Zago E., Pavan F., Foti G., and Bellani G.

Abstract

A helmet, comprising a transparent hood and a soft collar, surrounding the patient’s head can be used to deliver noninvasive ventilatory support, both as continuous positive airway pressure and noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV), the latter providing active support for inspiration. In this review, we summarize the technical aspects relevant to this device, particularly how to prevent CO2 rebreathing and improve patient–ventilator synchrony during NPPV. Clinical studies describe the application of helmets in cardiogenic pulmonary oedema, pneumonia, COVID-19, postextubation and immune suppression. A section is dedicated to paediatric use. In summary, helmet therapy can be used safely and effectively to provide NIV during hypoxemic respiratory failure, improving oxygenation and possibly leading to better patient-centred outcomes than other interfaces.

Published
2021

7. Influence of vineyard inter-row management on vegetative and bunch sanitary status, and grape yield and quality of two Sauvignon Blanc clones in Friuli Venezia Giulia (north-eastern Italy)

Author

Bigot, G., Mosetti, D., Cargnus, E., Freccero, A., Kiaeian Moosavi, F., Lujan, C., Stecchina, M., Tacoli, F., Zandigiacomo, P., Sivilotti, P., and Pavan, F.

Subjects
fungi, food and beverages
Abstract

The vineyard inter-row management affects grapevine vegetative and bunch health status, as well as yield and grape quality parameters. Several studies assessed that cover-cropped inter-row in place of soil tillage often reduced plant vigour and yield but positively contributed to vineyard ecosystem services and, to a lower extent, to grape quality. In 2013 and 2014, two inter-row management strategies, i.e. soil tillage and mowing of spontaneous cover crops, were compared in an organic vineyard in north-eastern Italy and cultivated with 'Sauvignon Blanc' (Vitis vinifera L.), clones R3 and 297. In particular, the effects of tillage and mowing treatments on grapevine vegetative and bunch health status, yield and grape quality were evaluated. The vegetative parameters were lower in the mowing treatment than in the tillage one and in clone R3 compared to 297. The incidence of Botrytis cinerea was higher in the tillage treatment than in the mowing one and in clone 297 compared to R3. A significant reduction of the yield and bunch weight was ascertained in the mowing treatment, and these parameters were higher for clone 297 compared to clone R3. Titratable acidity was significantly higher in the tillage treatment than in the mowing one and in clone 297 compared to R3. Moreover, hue of berry skin was qualitatively better in the tillage treatment than in the mowing one. In the pedo-climatic conditions of Friuli Venezia Giulia (north-eastern Italy), the management of the vineyard inter-row with spontaneous cover crops proved to be effective to manage grapevine vigour, reducing yield and improving quality of the grapes during maturation., VITIS - Journal of Grapevine Research, Vol. 61 No. 2 (2022): Vitis

Published
2022
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15. Teaching and Studying the Lute: International Conference Bremen 2019

Author

Griffiths, J, Wirth, S, Boquet, P, Díaz-Latorre,, X, Held, J, Lindberg, J, Lowe, M, North, N, Pavan, F, O'Dette, P, Zuljan, B, Griffiths, J, Wirth, S, Boquet, P, Díaz-Latorre,, X, Held, J, Lindberg, J, Lowe, M, North, N, Pavan, F, O'Dette, P, and Zuljan, B

Abstract

"The curiosity to hear music of ages past played on original instruments or historical copies has become one of the most significant recreative movements in recent cultural history. Thanks to the initial experimental work of pioneers over a century ago, contemporary music culture now values listening to music of past ages with the ears of those who first heard it. We understand it as similar to the sensory vitality that is restored into old paintings when centuries of varnish and tarnish are removed. Early experimentation was transformed into expertise, and historical performance practice has grown to become a multi-million dollar industry. The lute is a principal player on this revivalist stage and is now taught in many conservatories and music academies throughout the world. This book, based on a conference held in Bremen in September 2019, explores themes that pertain to teaching an ancient instrument in a modern institutional setting and the pedagogical challenges for both teaching and learning. It encompasses a discussion of aspects of modern teaching practice (Pascale Boquet, Jakob Lindberg, John Griffiths), the inner workings of historical technique (Paul O’Dette, Nigel North), improvisation and continuo playing (Joachim Held, Xavier Díaz-Latorre, Bor Zuljan), using the right instrument (Michael Lowe), and the continuing exploration of newly rediscovered repertoire (Franco Pavan)."

Published
2021

19. Copper(II) complex-loaded castor oil-based nanostructured lipid carriers used against Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Development, characterisation, in vitro and in vivo biological assays

Author

Sato, M. R. [UNESP], Oshiro-Junior, J. A., Souza, P. C. [UNESP], Campos, D. L. [UNESP], Pereira-da-Silva, M. A., Pavan, F. R. [UNESP], Da Silva, P. B. [UNESP], Chorilli, M. [UNESP], Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), State Univ Paraiba, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), and Paulista Cent Univ Ctr

Abstract

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-10T19:55:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-12-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) PADC-FCF-UNESP (Programa de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico da Faculdade de Ciencias Farmaceuticas) A copper(II) complex-loaded castor oil-based nanostructured lipid carrier was evaluated to enhance the poor water solubility of antimicrobial compounds, improving their biological properties and antimicrobial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Nanostructured lipid carriers were composed of the castor oil, polyoxyethylene 40 stearate and caprylic/capric triglyceride, poloxamer 407, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and three different copper(II) complexes. The systems were ultrasonicated at an amplitude of 8% for 20 min and an ice bath was used throughout the procedure. The blank nanostructured lipid carrier (F5) and nanostructured lipid carriers loaded with copper(II) complex 1, 2 and 3 (F5.1, F5.2 and F5.3, respectively) for 45 days presented values of mean diameter, polydispersity index and zeta potential ranging from 186 to 199 nm, 0.14 to 0.2 and 24 to 30 mV, respectively. Atomic force microscopy indicated that the nanostructured lipid carriers were distributed at the nanoscale, corroborating the mean diameter data. Differential scanning calorimetry determined the melting points of the constituents of the nanostructured lipid carriers. The antimicrobial activity of copper(II) complex-loaded F5 against M. tuberculosis H(37)Rv showed better anti-tuberculosis activity than the free complexes. In vivo biological assays of complex-loaded F5 demonstrated reduced toxicity. Our results suggest that nanostructured lipid carriers could be a potential nanotechnological strategy to optimise tuberculosis treatment. UNESP State Univ Sao Paulo, Sch Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Drugs & Med, BR-14800903 Araraquara, SP, Brazil State Univ Paraiba, Grad Program Pharmaceut Sci, Campina Grande, Paraiba, Brazil UNESP State Univ Sao Paulo, Sch Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Biol Sci, Araraquara, SP, Brazil IFSC USP, Inst Phys Sao Carlos, Sao Carlos, Brazil Paulista Cent Univ Ctr, UNICEP, Sao Carlos, Brazil UNESP State Univ Sao Paulo, Sch Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Drugs & Med, BR-14800903 Araraquara, SP, Brazil UNESP State Univ Sao Paulo, Sch Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Biol Sci, Araraquara, SP, Brazil FAPESP: 2016/11198-4

Published
2019

20. Antiemetic prophylaxis in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a multicenter survey of the Gruppo Italiano Trapianto Midollo Osseo (GITMO) transplant programs

Author

Pastore, D., Bruno, B., Carluccio, P., De Candia, M. S., Mammoliti, S., Borghero, C., Chierichini, A., Pavan, F., Casini, M., Pini, M., Nassi, L., Greco, R., Tambaro, F. P., Stefanoni, P., Console, G., Marchesi, F., Facchini, L., Mussetti, A., Cimminiello, M., Saglio, F., Vincenti, D., Falcioni, S., Chiusolo, Patrizia, Olivieri, J., Natale, A., Faraci, M., Cesaro, S., Marotta, S., Proia, A., Donnini, I., Caravelli, D., Zuffa, E., Iori, A. P., Soncini, E., Bozzoli, V., Pisapia, G., Scalone, R., Villani, O., Prete, A., Ferrari, A., Menconi, M., Mancini, G., Gigli, F., Gargiulo, G., Patriarca, F., Bonifazi, F., Chiusolo P. (ORCID:0000-0002-1355-1587), Pastore, D., Bruno, B., Carluccio, P., De Candia, M. S., Mammoliti, S., Borghero, C., Chierichini, A., Pavan, F., Casini, M., Pini, M., Nassi, L., Greco, R., Tambaro, F. P., Stefanoni, P., Console, G., Marchesi, F., Facchini, L., Mussetti, A., Cimminiello, M., Saglio, F., Vincenti, D., Falcioni, S., Chiusolo, Patrizia, Olivieri, J., Natale, A., Faraci, M., Cesaro, S., Marotta, S., Proia, A., Donnini, I., Caravelli, D., Zuffa, E., Iori, A. P., Soncini, E., Bozzoli, V., Pisapia, G., Scalone, R., Villani, O., Prete, A., Ferrari, A., Menconi, M., Mancini, G., Gigli, F., Gargiulo, G., Patriarca, F., Bonifazi, F., and Chiusolo P. (ORCID:0000-0002-1355-1587)

Abstract

A survey within hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) centers of the Gruppo Italiano Trapianto Midollo Osseo (GITMO) was performed in order to describe current antiemetic prophylaxis in patients undergoing HSCT. The multicenter survey was performed by a questionnaire, covering the main areas on chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV): antiemetic prophylaxis guidelines used, antiemetic prophylaxis in different conditioning regimens, and methods of CINV evaluation. The survey was carried out in November 2016, and it was repeated 6 months after the publication of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer (MASCC)/European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) specific guidelines on antiemetic prophylaxis in HSCT. The results show a remarkable heterogeneity of prophylaxis among the various centers and a significant difference between the guidelines and the clinical practice. In the main conditioning regimens, the combination of a serotonin3 receptor antagonist (5-HT3-RA) with dexamethasone and neurokin1 receptor antagonist (NK1-RA), as recommended by MASCC/ESMO guidelines, increased from 0 to 15% (before the publication of the guidelines) to 9–30% (after the publication of the guidelines). This study shows a lack of compliance with specific antiemetic guidelines, resulting mainly in under-prophylaxis. Concerted strategies are required to improve the current CINV prophylaxis, to draft shared common guidelines, and to increase the knowledge and the adherence to the current recommendations for CINV prophylaxis in the specific field of HSCT.

Published
2020

24. A new case report of severe mucopolysaccharidosis type VII: Diagnosis, treatment with haematopoietic cell transplantation and prenatal diagnosis in a second pregnancy 11 Medical and Health Sciences 1114 Paediatrics and Reproductive Medicine

Author

Furlan, F, Rovelli, A, Rigoldi, M, Filocamo, M, Tappino, B, Friday, D, Gasperini, S, Mariani, S, Izzi, C, Bondioni, MP, Gellera, C, Venerando, A, Villa, N, Del Carmen Rodriguez Perez, M, Pavan, F, Biondi, A, Parini, R, Furlan, F, Rovelli, A, Rigoldi, M, Filocamo, M, Tappino, B, Friday, D, Gasperini, S, Mariani, S, Izzi, C, Bondioni, M, Gellera, C, Venerando, A, Villa, N, Del Carmen Rodriguez Perez, M, Pavan, F, Biondi, A, and Parini, R

Subjects
Beta-glucuronidase, Male, Prenatal Diagnosi, GUSB gene, Infant, Newborn, Mucopolysaccharidosis VII, Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Infant, MPS VII, LSD, Non-immune hydrops fetali, Haematopoietic cell transplantation, HCT, NIHF, Pregnancy, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Female, Mucopolysaccharidosi, Human
Abstract

A new patient with severe mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) type VII is reported. Non-immune hydrops fetalis (NIHF) was diagnosed during pregnancy. At birth, he showed generalized hydrops and dysmorphic features typical of MPS. Many diagnoses were excluded before reaching the diagnosis of MPS VII at 8 months of life. During the first year of life he had frequent respiratory infections associated with restrictive and obstructive bronchopneumopathy and underwent three surgical interventions: decompression of the spinal cord at the craniocervical junction, bilateral inguinal hernia, and bilateral clubfoot. At 14 months of life he underwent successful haematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). During the following 10 months, his bronchopneumopathy progressively worsened, needing chronic pharmacological treatment and O2 administration. The patient died of respiratory insufficiency during a respiratory syncytial virus infection at 25 months of age. Molecular analysis showed the homozygous variant c.1617C > T, leading to the synonymous mutation p.Ser539=. This caused aberrant splicing with partial skipping of exon 10 (r.1616-1653del38) and complete skipping of exon 9 (r.1392-1476del85; r.1616-1653del38). No transcript of normal size was evident. The parents were both confirmed to be carriers. In a subsequent pregnancy, a prenatal diagnosis showed an affected fetus. Ultrasound examination before abortion showed NIHF. The skin and placenta examination by electron microscopy showed foamy intracytoplasmic vacuoles with a weakly electron-dense substrate. MPS VII is a very rare disease but it is possible that some cases go undiagnosed for several reasons, including that MPS VII, and other lysosomal storage diseases, are not included in the work-up for NIHF in many institutions, and the presence of anasarca at birth may be confounding for the recognition of the typical facial characteristics of the disease. This is the eighth patient affected by MPS VII who has undergone HCT. It is not possible to draw conclusions about the efficacy of HCT in MPS VII. Treatment with enzyme replacement is now available and will probably be beneficial for the patients who have a milder form with no or little cognitive involvement. Increased awareness among clinicians is needed for prompt diagnosis and to offer the correct treatment as early as possible.

Published
2018

26. Gli insetti e il loro controllo

Author

Frati F, Dallai R, Callaini G, Crnjar R, Solari P, Giordana B, De Eguileor M, Grimaldi A, Ottaviani E, Tettamanzi G, Casartelli M, Leonardi MG, Gigliotti S, Malva C, Gargiulo G, Cavaliere V, Rotundo G, De Cristoforo A, Turillazzi S, Bosco D, Arcà B, Della Torre A, Pombi M, Battisti A, Bin F, Rosi C, Pavan F, Duso C, GARONNA, ANTONIO PIETRO, Squartini A, Alberghini S, Alma A, Daffonchio GD, Balloi A, Bandi C, Crotti E, Damiani C, Favia G, Gonella E, Mandrioli M, Montagna M, Ricci I, Sacchi L, Gasperi G, Scolari F, Segale A., PENNACCHIO, FRANCESCO, MANCINI, DONATO, SALVEMINI, MARCO, SACCONE, GIUSEPPE, POLITO, CATELLO, VIGGIANI, GENNARO, CARPUTO, DOMENICO, RAO, ROSA, COPPOLA, MARIANGELA, CORRADO, GIANDOMENICO, Frati F, Dallai R, Callaini G, Crnjar R, Solari P, Pennacchio F, Mancini D, Giordana B, De Eguileor M, Grimaldi A, Ottaviani E, Tettamanzi G, Casartelli M, Leonardi MG, Gigliotti S, Malva C, Gargiulo G, Cavaliere V, Salvemini M, Saccone G, Polito C, Rotundo G, De Cristoforo A, Turillazzi S, Bosco D, Arcà B, Della Torre A, Pombi M, Battisti A, Viggiani G, Bin F, Rosi C, Pavan F, Duso C, Garonna AP, Carputo D, Rao R, Coppola M, Corrado G, Squartini A, Alberghini S, Battisti A, Alma A, Daffonchio GD, Balloi A, Bandi C, Crotti E, Damiani C, Favia G, Gonella E, Mandrioli M, Montagna M, Ricci I, Sacchi L, Gasperi G, Scolari F, Segale A, Francesco Pennacchio, Frati, F, Dallai, R, Callaini, G, Crnjar, R, Solari, P, Pennacchio, Francesco, Mancini, Donato, Giordana, B, De Eguileor, M, Grimaldi, A, Ottaviani, E, Tettamanzi, G, Casartelli, M, Leonardi, Mg, Gigliotti, S, Malva, C, Gargiulo, G, Cavaliere, V, Salvemini, Marco, Saccone, Giuseppe, Polito, Catello, Rotundo, G, De Cristoforo, A, Turillazzi, S, Bosco, D, Arcà, B, Della Torre, A, Pombi, M, Battisti, A, Viggiani, Gennaro, Bin, F, Rosi, C, Pavan, F, Duso, C, Garonna, ANTONIO PIETRO, Carputo, Domenico, Rao, Rosa, Coppola, Mariangela, Corrado, Giandomenico, Squartini, A, Alberghini, S, Alma, A, Daffonchio, Gd, Balloi, A, Bandi, C, Crotti, E, Damiani, C, Favia, G, Gonella, E, Mandrioli, M, Montagna, M, Ricci, I, Sacchi, L, Gasperi, G, Scolari, F, and Segale, A.

Published
2014

27. A novel EP300 mutation associated with Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome type 2 presenting as combined immunodeficiency

Author

Saettini, F, Moratto, D, Grioni, A, Maitz, S, Iascone, M, Rizzari, C, Pavan, F, Spinelli, M, Bettini, L, Biondi, A, Badolato, R, Saettini, Francesco, Moratto, Daniele, Grioni, Andrea, Maitz, Silvia, Iascone, Maria, Rizzari, Carmelo, Pavan, Fabio, Spinelli, Marco, Bettini, Laura Rachele, Biondi, Andrea, Badolato, Raffaele, Saettini, F, Moratto, D, Grioni, A, Maitz, S, Iascone, M, Rizzari, C, Pavan, F, Spinelli, M, Bettini, L, Biondi, A, Badolato, R, Saettini, Francesco, Moratto, Daniele, Grioni, Andrea, Maitz, Silvia, Iascone, Maria, Rizzari, Carmelo, Pavan, Fabio, Spinelli, Marco, Bettini, Laura Rachele, Biondi, Andrea, and Badolato, Raffaele

Published
2018

30. Potential of Casiopeínas® Copper Complexes and Antituberculosis Drug Combination against Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Author

Barbosa, A. R., Caleffi-Ferracioli, K. R., Leite, C. Q.F. [UNESP], García-Ramos, J. C., Toledano-Magaña, Y., Ruiz-Azuara, L., Siqueira, V. L.D., Pavan, F. R. [UNESP], Cardoso, R. F., Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Facultad de Química, and Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México

Subjects
Resistance, Synergism, Casiopeínas®, Metal-based drugs, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Copper
Abstract

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T16:41:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2016-02-25 New compounds with antituberculosis activity and their combination with classic drugs have been evaluated to determine possible interactions and antagonism. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro activity of Casiopeínas® copper-based compounds (CasIIIia, CasIIIEa, and CasIIgly) alone and combined with isoniazid (INH), rifampicin, or ethambutol (EMB) against resistant and susceptible Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Seventeen clinical M. tuberculosis isolates (5 multi-drug resistant and 2 resistant to INH and/or EMB) were subjected to determination of the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) by the resazurin microtiter assay and combination assessment by the resazurin drug combination microtiter assay. The Casiopeínas® alone showed a remarkable effect against resistant isolates with MIC values from 0.78 to 12.50 μg/ml. Furthermore, a synergistic effect mainly with EMB is shown for both resistant and susceptible clinical isolates. Casiopeínas® are promising candidates for future investigation into the development of antituberculosis drugs, being one of the first examples of essential metal-based drugs used in this field. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), Avenida Colombo, 5790 Departamento de Analises Clinicas e Biomedicina da Universidade Estadual de Maringa UEM Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas Universidad Estadual Paulista UNESP, Rodovia Araraquara-Jau, km01 s/n, Campos Ville Laboratorio de Química Inorgánica Medicinal Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Nuclear Facultad de Química Departamento de Inmunología Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas Universidad Estadual Paulista UNESP, Rodovia Araraquara-Jau, km01 s/n, Campos Ville

Published
2016

31. Novel bovine-associated pVAPN plasmid type in Rhodococcus equi identified from lymph nodes of slaughtered cattle and lungs of people living with HIV/AIDS

Author

Ribeiro, M. G., primary, Lara, G. H. B., additional, da Silva, P., additional, Franco, M. M. J., additional, de Mattos-Guaraldi, A. L., additional, de Vargas, A. P. C., additional, Sakate, R. I., additional, Pavan, F. R., additional, Colhado, B. S., additional, Portilho, F. V. R., additional, Motta, R. G., additional, Kakuda, T., additional, and Takai, S., additional

Published
2017
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33. Infections by carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in SCT recipients: a nationwide retrospective survey from Italy

Author

Girmenia, C, Rossolini, Gm, Piciocchi, A, Bertaina, A, Pisapia, G, Pastore, D, Sica, S, Severino, A, Cudillo, L, Ciceri, F, Scimè, R, Lombardini, L, Viscoli, C, Rambaldi, A, the Gruppo Italiano Trapianto Midollo Osseo (GITMO), Frigeni, M, Corti, C, Mometto, G, Annaloro, C, Casari, E, Castagna, L, Rossi, G, Cattaneo, C, Russo, D, Cancelli, V, Alessandrino, Ep, Ripamonti, F, Pavan, F, Rovelli, A, Pecoraro, C, Busca, A, Carraro, F, Fagioli, F, Gallo, S, Caravelli, D, De Gobbi, M, Saglio, G, Castellino, C, Mordini, N, Gaidano, G, Nassi, L, Raimondi, R, Vespignani, M, Scattolin, Am, Panizzolo, Is, Cesaro, S, Candoni, A, Patriarca, F, Bacigalupo, A, Raiola, A, Castagnola, E, Lanino, E, Stanzani, M, Bandini, G, Massaccesi, E, Prete, A, Bassi, S, Vallisa, D, Caramatti, C, Aversa, F, Zuffa, E, Guidi, S, Bosi, A, Tintori, V, Iori, Ap, Capria, S, Arcese, W, Dentamaro, T, Fabritiis, Pd, Anaclerico, B, Chierichini, A, Piedimonte, M, Ferrari, A, Marchesi, F, Mengarelli, A, Cerchiara, E, Tirindelli, Mc, Gaziev, J, Majolino, I, Chiusolo, P, Lucarelli, B, Massei, Ms, Carotti, A, Perruccio, K, Caniglia, M, Santarone, S, Bartolomeo, Pd, Mazzotta, S, Galieni, P, Olivieri, A, Rosa, Gd, Risitano, A, Delia, M, Specchia, G, Palazzo, G, Messina, G, Irrera, G, Angelucci, E, Baronciani, D, Vacca, A, Crescimanno, A, Musso, M, Imbriani, A, Milone, G., Girmenia, C, Rossolini, Gm, Piciocchi, A, Bertaina, A, Pisapia, G, Pastore, D, Sica, S, Severino, A, Cudillo, L, Ciceri, Fabio, Scime, R, Lombardini, L, Viscoli, C, Rambaldi, A, and and the Gruppo Italiano Trapianto Midollo Osseo, (GITMO)

Subjects
Male, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Carbapenem resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae, Drug Resistance, carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae, colonization, sepsis, Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Hematologic Diseases, hemic and lymphatic diseases, polycyclic compounds, Medicine, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Allografts, Autografts, Female, Humans, Italy, Klebsiella Infections, Middle Aged, Retrospective Studies, Carbapenems, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, Stem Cell Transplantation, Hematology, Transplantation, biology, Bacterial, humanities, surgical procedures, operative, medicine.medical_specialty, Retrospective survey, Internal medicine, business.industry, Retrospective cohort study, Klebsiella infections, biology.organism_classification, Settore MED/15, infection, body regions, Settore MED/15 - MALATTIE DEL SANGUE, Immunology, business
Abstract

Infections by carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKp) represent a challenging problem after SCT. A retrospective survey (January 2010 to July 2013) involving 52 Italian centers was performed to assess the epidemiology and the prognostic factors of CRKp infections in auto- and allo-SCT. Cases of CRKp infection were reported in 53.4% of centers. CRKp infections were documented in 25 auto-SCTs and 87 allo-SCTs, with an incidence of 0.4% (from 0.1% in 2010 to 0.7% in 2013) and 2% (from 0.4% in 2010 to 2.9% in 2013), respectively. A CRKp colonization documented before or after transplant was followed by an infection in 25.8% of auto-SCT and 39.2% of allo-SCT patients. The infection-related mortality rates were 16% and 64.4%, respectively. A pre-transplant CRKp infection (hazard ratio (HR) 0.33, 95% confidence intervals (CIs) 0.15-0.74; P = 0.007) and a not CRKp-targeted first-line treatment (HR 2.67, 95% CI 1.43-4.99; P = 0.002) were independent factors associated with an increased mortality in allo-SCT patients who developed a CRKp infection. Our study shows challenging findings of CRKp infections in SCT patients in Italy particularly after allo-SCT. The detection of carriers and the definition of early therapeutic strategies represent critical aspects of the management of CRKp infections after SCT. OI Aversa, Franco/0000-0002-8871-6817; de Fabritiis, Paolo/0000-0002-1835-0581; TIRINDELLI, MARIA CRISTINA/0000-0003-4645-4465; cudillo, laura/0000-0002-6828-9707

Published
2015

34. Histological techniques and microscopic analysis of biological agents for preservation of human bone remains

Author

Dore, Bruno Emilio, Masali, Melchiorre, and Pavan, F.

Subjects
Microscopy, Plastic Embedding, Histology, Ancient Remains, Ultraviolet Rays, Histological Techniques, Fungi, Microtomy, General Medicine, Periodic Acid-Schiff Reaction, Bone and Bones, Medical Laboratory Technology, Staining Procedures, Rosaniline Dyes, Biological Agents, Bone, Human Tissue, Humans, Coloring Agents
Abstract

Microscopy and histology techniques can be applied to morphological study of fungi and bacteria contaminating ancient human osteological remains. Undecalcified samples are cut with a diamond rotary blade microtome and an original technique was applied using adhesive tape to prevent damage to the bone surface during sectioning. We used light microscopy, polarized light microscopy, and epi-illumination fluorescence systems. Common dyes can be applied to 80 microm sections using classic staining techniques to reveal the architecture of bone and the presence of infecting biological agents.

Published
2001
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35. Drop in trough blood concentrations of tacrolimus after switching from nelfinavir to fosamprenavir in four HIV-infected liver transplant patients

Author

Federico Pea, Tavio, M., Pavan, F., Londero, A., Bresadola, V., Adani, G. L., Furlanut, M., Viale, P., Pea, F, Tavio, M, Pavan, F, Londero, A, Bresadolo, V, Adani, GL, Furlanut, M, and Viale, P

Subjects
Pharmacology, Adult, Male, Sulfonamides, Nelfinavir, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, HIV Infections, HIV Protease Inhibitors, Middle Aged, Drug Administration Schedule, Organophosphates, Tacrolimus, Liver Transplantation, Infectious Diseases, Humans, Pharmacology (medical), Drug Interactions, Female, Carbamates, Furans, Immunosuppressive Agents
Abstract

Solid organ transplantation in HIV-infected individuals requires concomitant use of immunosuppressants and antiretrovirals that may cause significant drug interactions. Here we report on a peculiar pharmacokinetic interaction between tacrolimus and protease inhibitors (Pls) which occurred in four HIV-infected liver transplant patients who had to shift Pl therapy from nelfinavir to fosamprenavir as a consequence of regulatory restrictions. After the switch, tacrolimus trough blood concentrations significantly dropped in all patients (mean +/-(SD) 6.9 +/- 2.6 versus 3.2 +/- 2.0 ng/ml before and after the switch, respectively; P=0.01), so that a marked dosage increase was needed (0.29 +/- 0.14 versus 0.88 +/- 0.48 mg/day, 1-3 days before and 3 weeks after the switch, respectively; P=0.046) to attain the desired target (8.7 +/- 2.3 ng/ml). Consistently, marked changes of the concentration/dose ratio of tacrolimus were observed in all cases (27.2 +/- 93 ng/ml per mg/kg/day versus 9.7 4.0 ng/ml per mg/kg/day before and after the switch, respectively; P < 0.001). Our findings suggest that fosamprenavir may be less potent than nelfinavir in inhibiting tacrolimus clearance and support the need for higher tacrolimus dosage to avoid insufficient immunosuppression in HIV-infected liver transplant patients when switching from nelfinavir to fosamprenavir or even when directly starting antiretroviral therapy with fosamprenavir.

Published
2008

36. Pharmacokinetic considerations for antimicrobial therapy in patients receiving renal replacement therapy

Author

PEA F, VIALE P, PAVAN F, FURLANUT, Mario, PEA, Federico, PEA F, VIALE P, PAVAN F, FURLANUT, Mario, and PEA, Federico

Subjects
CRRT
Abstract

Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), particularly continuous venovenous haemofiltration (CVVH) and continuous venovenous haemodiafiltration (CVVHDF), are gaining increasing relevance in routine clinical management of intensive care unit patients. The application of CRRT, by leading to extracorporeal clearance (CL(CRRT)), may significantly alter the pharmacokinetic behaviour of some drugs. This may be of particular interest in critically ill patients presenting with life-threatening infections, since the risk of underdosing with antimicrobial agents during this procedure may lead to both therapeutic failure and the spread of breakthrough resistance. The intent of this review is to discuss the pharmacokinetic principles of CL(CRRT) of antimicrobial agents during the application of CVVH and CVVHDF and to summarise the most recent findings on this topic (from 1996 to December 2006) in order to understand the basis for optimal dosage adjustments of different antimicrobial agents. Removal of solutes from the blood through semi-permeable membranes during RRT may occur by means of two different physicochemical processes, namely, diffusion or convection. Whereas intermittent haemodialysis (IHD) is essentially a diffusive technique and CVVH is a convective technique, CVVHDF is a combination of both. As a general rule, the efficiency of drug removal by the different techniques is expected to be CVVHDF > CVVH > IHD, but indeed CL(CRRT) may vary greatly depending mainly on the peculiar physicochemical properties of each single compound and the CRRT device's characteristics and operating conditions. Considering that RRT substitutes for renal function in clearing plasma, CL(CRRT) is expected to be clinically relevant for drugs with dominant renal clearance, especially when presenting a limited volume of distribution and poor plasma protein binding. Consistently, CL(CRRT) should be clinically relevant particularly for most hydrophilic antimicrobial agents (e.g. beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, glycopeptides), whereas it should assume much lower relevance for lipophilic compounds (e.g. fluoroquinolones, oxazolidinones), which generally are nonrenally cleared. However, there are some notable exceptions: ceftriaxone and oxacillin, although hydrophilics, are characterised by primary biliary elimination; levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin, although lipophilics, are renally cleared. As far as CRRT characteristics are concerned, the extent of drug removal is expected to be directly proportional to the device's surface area and to be dependent on the mode of replacement fluid administration (predilution or postdilution) and on the ultrafiltration and/or dialysate flow rates applied.Conversely, drug removal by means of CVVH or CVVHDF is unaffected by the drug size, considering that almost all antimicrobial agents have molecular weights significantly lower (

Published
2007

37. Hyperlactacidemia potentially due to linezolid overexposure in a liver transplant recipient [4]

Author

Pea F., Scudeller L., Lugano M., Baccarani U., Pavan F., Tavio M., Furlanut M., Della Rocca G., Bresadola F., Viale P., Pea F., Scudeller L., Lugano M., Baccarani U., Pavan F., Tavio M., Furlanut M., Della Rocca G., Bresadola F., and Viale P.

Subjects
Anti-Infective Agent, Area Under Curve, Linezolid, Lactate, Middle Aged, Acetamide, Oxazolidinone, Human, Liver Transplantation
Published
2006

38. PENTRAXIN 3 PLASMA LEVELS AT GRAFT-VERSUS-HOST DISEASE ONSET PREDICT DISEASE SEVERITY AND RESPONSE TO THERAPY IN CHILDREN GIVEN HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION

Author

Dander, E, De Lorenzo, P, Bottazzi, B, Quarello, P, Vinci, P, Balduzzi, A, Masciocchi, F, Bonanomi, S, Cappuzzello, C, Prunotto, G, Pavan, F, Pasqualini, F, Sironi, M, Cuccovillo, I, Leone, R, Salvatori, G, Parma, M, Terruzzi, E, Pagni, F, Locatelli, F, Mantovani, A, Fagioli, F, Biondi, A, Garlanda, C, Valsecchi, M, Rovelli, A, D'Amico, G, Valsecchi, MG, Dander, E, De Lorenzo, P, Bottazzi, B, Quarello, P, Vinci, P, Balduzzi, A, Masciocchi, F, Bonanomi, S, Cappuzzello, C, Prunotto, G, Pavan, F, Pasqualini, F, Sironi, M, Cuccovillo, I, Leone, R, Salvatori, G, Parma, M, Terruzzi, E, Pagni, F, Locatelli, F, Mantovani, A, Fagioli, F, Biondi, A, Garlanda, C, Valsecchi, M, Rovelli, A, D'Amico, G, and Valsecchi, MG

Published
2016

40. Pentraxin 3 plasma levels at graft-versus-host disease onset predict disease severity and response to therapy in children given haematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Author

Dander, E., De Lorenzo, P., Bottazzi, B., Quarello, P., Vinci, P., Balduzzi, A., Masciocchi, F., Bonanomi, S., Cappuzzello, C., Prunotto, G., Pavan, F., Pasqualini, F., Sironi, M., Cuccovillo, I., Leone, R., Salvatori, G., Parma, M., Terruzzi, E., Pagni, F., Locatelli, Franco, Mantovani, A., Fagioli, F., Biondi, A., Garlanda, C., Valsecchi, M. G., Rovelli, A., D'Amico, G., Locatelli F. (ORCID:0000-0002-7976-3654), Dander, E., De Lorenzo, P., Bottazzi, B., Quarello, P., Vinci, P., Balduzzi, A., Masciocchi, F., Bonanomi, S., Cappuzzello, C., Prunotto, G., Pavan, F., Pasqualini, F., Sironi, M., Cuccovillo, I., Leone, R., Salvatori, G., Parma, M., Terruzzi, E., Pagni, F., Locatelli, Franco, Mantovani, A., Fagioli, F., Biondi, A., Garlanda, C., Valsecchi, M. G., Rovelli, A., D'Amico, G., and Locatelli F. (ORCID:0000-0002-7976-3654)

Abstract

Acute Graft-versus-Host Disease (GvHD) remains a major complication of allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation, with a significant proportion of patients failing to respond to first-line systemic corticosteroids. Reliable biomarkers predicting disease severity and response to treatment are warranted to improve its management. Thus, we sought to determine whether pentraxin 3 (PTX3), an acutephase protein produced locally at the site of inflammation, could represent a novel acute GvHD biomarker. Using a murine model of the disease, we found increased PTX3 plasma levels after irradiation and at GvHD onset. Similarly, plasma PTX3 was enhanced in 115 pediatric patients on day of transplantation, likely due to conditioning, and at GvHD onset in patients experiencing clinical symptoms of the disease. PTX3 was also found increased in skin and colon biopsies from patients with active disease. Furthermore, PTX3 plasma levels at GvHD onset were predictive of disease outcome since they resulted significantly higher in both severe and therapyunresponsive patients. Multiple injections of rhPTX3 in the murine model of GvHD did not influence the disease course. Taken together, our results indicate that PTX3 constitutes a biomarker of GvHD severity and therapy response useful to tailor treatment intensity according to early risk-stratification of GvHD patients.

Published
2016

42. Pre-Multidrug-ResistantMycobacterium tuberculosisInfection Causing Fatal Enteric Disease in a Dog from a Family with History of Human Tuberculosis

Author

Ribeiro, M. G., primary, Lima, M. C. F., additional, Franco, M. M. J., additional, Megid, J., additional, Soares, L. M., additional, Machado, L. H. A., additional, Miyata, M., additional, Pavan, F. R., additional, Heinemann, M. B., additional, Souza Filho, A. F., additional, Lara, G. H. B., additional, Sanches, O. C., additional, Sanches, C. D. C., additional, Listoni, F. J. P., additional, and Paes, A. C., additional

Published
2016
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45. Novel bovine‐associated pVAPN plasmid type in <italic>Rhodococcus equi</italic> identified from lymph nodes of slaughtered cattle and lungs of people living with HIV/AIDS.

Author

Ribeiro, M. G., Lara, G. H. B., da Silva, P., Franco, M. M. J., de Mattos‐Guaraldi, A. L., de Vargas, A. P. C., Sakate, R. I., Pavan, F. R., Colhado, B. S., Portilho, F. V. R., Motta, R. G., Kakuda, T., and Takai, S.

Subjects
RHODOCOCCUS equi, BACTERIAL diseases in animals, SLAUGHTERING, AIDS, MICROBIAL virulence, BACTERIAL proteins
Abstract

Summary: Rhodococcus equi is a well‐recognized Gram‐positive intracellular facultative bacterium that is opportunistic in nature, which causes pyogranulomatous infections in humans and multiple host animals. The pathogenicity of the microorganism has been attributed to the presence of plasmid‐encoded virulence‐associated proteins (Vap). To date, three host‐associated virulence plasmid types of R. equi have been identified as follows: the circular pVAPA and pVAPB, related, respectively, to equine and porcine isolates, and a recently described linear pVAPN plasmid associated with bovine strains, although these three types are found in human isolates. Recent phylogenomic studies support the evidence that human R. equi infection is zoonotically acquired. Nevertheless, data regarding distribution and prevalence of the host‐adapted virulence plasmid types of R. equi isolated from meat animals are scarce or unnoticed. Here, the three host‐associated virulence plasmid types (pVAPA, pVAPB, and pVAPN) were investigated in 154 R. equi isolates recovered from lymph nodes of cattle with lymphadenitis (n = 31), faeces of cattle without enteric signs (n = 49), as well as different clinical specimens from human patients (n = 74). The analysis of virulence profile of 74 R. equi from humans revealed six (8.1%) isolates pVAPB (type 8), two (2.7%) pVAPN, and one (1.3%) pVAPB (type 11), all of which were from lung samples from people living with HIV/AIDS. From the lymph node samples of cattle, 41.9% (13 of 31) isolates revealed pVAPN type, whereas all isolates from faecal samples were negative for three host‐associated types. Here, recently described bovine‐associated pVAPN type was detected in R. equi isolates recovered from the lungs of people living with HIV/AIDS and lymph nodes from slaughtered cattle intended for human consumption; a finding that represents a public health concern, mainly in countries where undercooked or raw meat are traditionally consumed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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46. Copper(II) complex-loaded castor oil-based nanostructured lipid carriers used against Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Development, characterisation, in vitro andin vivobiological assays

Author

Sato, M. R., Oshiro-Junior, J. A., Souza, P. C., Campos, D. L., Pereira-Da-Silva, M. A., Pavan, F. R., Silva, P. B. Da, and Chorilli, M.

Abstract

A copper(II) complex-loaded castor oil-based nanostructured lipid carrier was evaluated to enhance the poor water solubility of antimicrobial compounds, improving their biological properties and antimicrobial activity againstMycobacterium tuberculosis. Nanostructured lipid carriers were composed of the castor oil, polyoxyethylene 40 stearate and caprylic/capric triglyceride, poloxamer 407, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and three different copper(II) complexes. The systems were ultrasonicated at an amplitude of 8% for 20 min and an ice bath was used throughout the procedure. The blank nanostructured lipid carrier (F5) and nanostructured lipid carriers loaded with copper(II) complex 1, 2 and 3 (F5.1, F5.2 and F5.3, respectively) for 45 days presented values of mean diameter, poly dispersity index and zeta potential ranging from 186 to 199 nm, 0.14 to 0.2 and 24 to 30 mV, respectively. Atomic force microscopy indicated that the nanostructured lipid carriers were distributed at the nanoscale, corroborating the mean diameter data. Differential scanning calorimetry determined the melting points of the constituents of the nanostructured lipid carriers. The antimicrobial activity of copper(II) complexloaded F5 againstM. tuberculosis H37Rv showed better anti-tuberculosis activity than the free complexes.In vivo biological assays of complex-loaded F5 demonstrated reduced toxicity. Our results suggest that nanostructured lipid carriers could be a potential nanotechnological strategy to optimise tuberculosis treatment.

Published
2019
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