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The fabrication of an all-in-one solid-state ECL sensing platform is beneficial not only for expediting the miniaturization of sensing devices, but also, more importantly, for enabling point-of-care applications. In the present work, a self-enhanced solid-state ECL sensing platform is fabricated using newly synthesised silica polyethylene nanoparticles (SiO2-PEI NPs) which generate a co-reactant in situ and easily self-assemble with Ru(bpy)32+ and shows selective and sensitive detection of spermine at physiological pH (7.4). Spermine induces the maximum ECL emission intensity compared to other biogenic amines due to the presence of two secondary amines. A possible ECL reaction mechanism has been proposed based on CV and ECL experiments, DFT calculations, and in situ ECL spectrum analysis. The developed solid-state sensor showed a linear increase in ECL intensity with increasing spermine concentration in the range of 10 nM to 100 nM with an LOD of 12.2 nM. Compared to other biogenic amines in previous works, chemically synthesised SiO2-PEI NPs used in the present study act as an effective label- and enzyme-free sensor, and the new method is observed to be simple and cost-effective, to overcome various limitations of solution-phase ECL and to avoid the usage of any noble metals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Direct evidence‐based approaches are vital in understanding the involvement of abiotic/biotic factors and evaluating the newly proposed theories on soil carbon (C) stabilization. Microaggregates (150–250 µm) collected from a corn system (>22 years; Kansas, USA), which had been under no‐till with different nitrogen (N) treatments were analyzed (N treatments: manure/compost, urea, zero fertilizer). We studied C stabilization in free soil microaggregates (with preserved aggregate architecture), directly using scanning transmission X‐ray microscopy coupled with near edge X‐ray absorption fine structure (STXM‐NEXAFS) spectroscopy. Submicron scale findings were complemented with bulk chemical analysis. The STXM‐NEXAFS analysis revealed soil organic carbon (SOC) preservation inside nano‐ and micro‐pores and organo–mineral association, various degrees of humification, and high molecular diversity. The presence of microbial‐derived C was found in manure‐/compost‐added microaggregates highlighting the contribution of organic amendments in facilitating microbial diversity. The incidence of aragonite‐like minerals suggested the biologically/chemically active nature of microaggregate cores. Bulk analysis of free microaggregates showed a higher concentration of SOC (6.5%), ammonium oxalate extractable Fe/Al/Si), and higher aliphaticity of humic acid in manure‐/compost‐added soils compared to inorganic fertilizer (3% SOC) and control (2.7% SOC) treatments. The co‐existence of elements (calcium [Ca]/C, iron [Fe]/N, Fe/C, aluminum [Al]/C, and silicon [Si]/C) was partially supported by bulk chemical analysis that indicated a strong association between ammonium oxalate extractable Fe/Al/Si and SOC (R2 = 0.63—0.77). Overall, our study provided direct/indirect evidence for the complex and interactive involvement of chemical, mineralogical, and biological mechanisms that may have been stimulated by the long‐term addition of compost/manure in stabilizing SOC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThe innovative ternary nanofluid that we report herein is intended to improve the performance of heat transfer and thermal conductivity compared to conventional fluids. In view of the aforementioned significance, the goal of continuing research is to investigate the fluid flow and thermal efficiency of water-ethylene glycol (EG)-based ternary nanofluids (TiO2, MoS2, and CoFe2O4) past a thin needle that is subjected to a transverse magnetic field along the normal direction of the flow as well as resistive heating. The governing transport flow equations for ternary nanofluid have been converted into a system of ordinary differential equations using self-similarity variables and solved with the use of the BVP4C function in MATLAB. The significance of each flow factor on temperature and velocity profiles is illustrated using graphs, and the local Nusselt number, and skin friction parameters are computed. The study reveals that the addition of nanoparticles exerts a greater adverse effect on the exchange of heat, and it is found that the water-ethylene glycol based ternary nanofluid has a rate of heat transfer of up to 16% compared to hybrid nanofluid even at very low volume fractions (0.0025–0.03). It is inspected that in the presence of resistive heating, the ternary nanofluid has greater heat transfer than hybrid nanofluids. It is also observed that as the volume proportion of nanoparticles increases, the Nusselt number rises and wall friction decreases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In biomaterials research, natural and hydrophilic polymers received considerable attention for their exceptional properties viz. biocompatibility, profound cell attachment, non-toxicity, biodegradation rate, etc. In the state of the art, xanthan gum, hydroxylpropyl methyl cellulose and polyethylene glycol were blended with synthetic polycaprolactone for the fabrication of polymeric membranes to study the change in physico-chemical and biological property in eradicating the cancerous cells and growth inhibition of microbial strains through drug delivery. The hydrogen bonding interactions and crosslinking bond formation were clearly observed from spectral lines. Scanning electron microscopic images revealed the surface features like porosity and chemical composition, and an increasing trend in surface wettability (92 to 30.1°) was observed through contact angle measurements and the mechanical properties were also tested for the prepared membranes. A higher drug loading capacity (> 90%) was achieved and the same amount was successfully released from the membrane in a controlled manner. It was further confirmed by the zero-order kinetics with diffusion controlled release mechanism found by Higuchi model. The prepared membranes showed more than 70% of anticancer activity against human breast cancer cell line and exhibited moderate (15–55%) cytotoxic effects against normal fibroblast cell line. The growth of selected bacterial and fungal strains was well controlled by the membranes. Finally, the rate of degradation was successfully studied for a period of more than one and half a year. In a nut shell, the obtained results clearly revealed that the prepared membranes may find a suitable position in the class of biomaterials for drug delivery and tissue engineering implants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current status censoring takes place in survival analysis when the exact event times are not known, but each individual is monitored once for their survival status. The current status data often arise in medical research, from situations that involve multiple causes of failure. Examining current status competing risks data, commonly encountered in epidemiological studies and clinical trials, is more advantageous with Bayesian methods compared to conventional approaches. They excel in integrating prior knowledge with the observed data and delivering accurate results even with small samples. Inspired by these advantages, the present study is pioneering in introducing a Bayesian framework for both modelling and analysis of current status competing risks data together with covariates. By means of the proportional hazards model, estimation procedures for the regression parameters and cumulative incidence functions are established assuming appropriate prior distributions. The posterior computation is performed using an adaptive Metropolis–Hastings algorithm. Methods for comparing and validating models have been devised. An assessment of the finite sample characteristics of the estimators is conducted through simulation studies. Through the application of this Bayesian approach to prostate cancer clinical trial data, its practical efficacy is demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A high level of disorder in many viral proteins is a direct consequence of their small genomes, which makes interaction with multiple binding partners a necessity for infection and pathogenicity. A segment of the flaviviral capsid protein (C), also known as the molecular recognition feature (MoRF), undergoes a disorder-to-order transition upon binding to several protein partners. To understand their role in pathogenesis, MoRFs were identified and their occurrence across different flaviviral capsids were studied. Despite lack of sequence similarities, docking studies of Cs with the host proteins indicate conserved interactions involving MoRFs across members of phylogenetic subclades. Additionally, it was observed from the protein–protein networks that some MoRFs preferentially bind proteins that are involved in specialized functions such as ribosome biogenesis. The findings point to the importance of MoRFs in the flaviviral life cycle, with important consequences for disease progression and suppression of the host immune system. Potentially, they might have impacted the way flaviviruses evolved to infect varied hosts using multiple vectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Charge injection and transport layers with optimum carrier transport properties are essential for stable and efficient organic light-emitting diode (OLED) devices. Herein, we report two tetraphenylethylene-diphenylamine derivatives, TPOMe and TPOSt having four and two methoxy substituents, respectively, and explore their potential as solution-processable hole injection layers (HILs) for OLEDs. Standard, Alq3-based green OLEDs with a simple device design were used to demonstrate the properties of the synthesized HILs, in comparison with a commercially available standard HIL, m-MTDATA. TPOMe-based device exhibited a current efficiency of 4.2 cd A−1, while TPOSt-based device showed 3.81 cd A−1 at 10 mA cm−2. Both the above devices showed better performance compared to a control device fabricated with the standard HIL, m-MTDATA, which showed a relatively lower current efficiency value (1.70 cd A−1 at 10 mA cm−2). Similarly, the maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of TPOMe (1.77%) and TPOSt (1.55%) were higher than that of the m-MTDATA-based device (1.40%). Although m-MTDATA device has better luminance and hole mobility compared to TPOMe and TPOSt devices, the optimum charge balance in the latter devices leads to better current efficiency and EQE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To explore the association between early emotional and behavioural problems and use of habilitation services among children in Sweden. Methods: In this longitudinal cohort study, we used data on children, 3–5 years of age, whose mothers (n = 7343) and fathers (n = 6322) had responded to the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) for assessment of emotional and behavioural problems, and who were followed for approximately 6.5 years with regard to use of habilitation services. The relations between emotional and behavioural problems and use of habilitation services were explored through cox regression models. Results: In unadjusted models, children with identified emotional and behavioural problems were more likely to utilise habilitation services compared to those with no identified problems. These associations were shown for both mothers' (HR: 5.02) and fathers' (HR: 4.25) SDQ ratings. In adjusted cox-regression models, the associations remained significant for both mothers' (AHR: 4.24) and fathers' (AHR: 4.03) ratings. Conclusions: Early emotional and behavioural problems predict later habilitation service use among children in Sweden. Assessment of these problems in all children at child health services could facilitate early identification and timely interventions. Habilitation centres in Sweden could integrate mental health care into the standard treatment for children using these services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two dimensional layered magnetic materials like Fe‐doped SnS2 are cheap, abundant, and biocompatible, used for spintronics applications. The hydrothermal synthesized hexagonal nano disc structure of the sample is seen in the SEM images at room temperature. Pure SnS2, which is diamagnetic with magnetization 0.02067 emu/g becomes soft ferromagnetic by 2.5 % Fe doping with 0.672 emug−1 saturation magnetization and 0.222 kOe coercivity. A ultraviolet‐visible spectrometer measurement of the energy bandgap reveals a drop in energy from 2.35 to 2.2 eV, and the PL spectrum displays intense blue emission at a wavelength of 482–484 nm. Maximum entropy method (MEM), confirmed the ionic to covalent conversion upon Fe doping, due to the residual charge accumulation at the intermediate regions. The electron densities in Fe doped system in the plane (023) at Bond Critical Point of Sn─S and S─S are 0.327 and 0.354 e Å−3, respectively, with negative total energy density values confirming covalent bonding. A high electron density of 0.856 e Å−3 at the Sn─Sn region confirms interstitial charge accumulation. This introduces new intermediate energy levels in the forbidden region, reducing the energy bandgap and making the substance more semiconducting, making it useful for optical, opto‐electronic, and half‐metal applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The adsorption of large rod-like molecules or crystallites on a flat crystal face, similar to Buffon's needle, requires the rods to "land," with their binding sites in precise orientational alignment with matching sites on the surface. An example is provided by long, helical antifreeze proteins (AFPs), which bind at specific facets and orientations on the ice surface. The alignment constraint for adsorption, in combination with the loss in orientational freedom as the molecule diffuses toward the surface, results in an entropic barrier that hinders the adsorption. Prior kinetic models do not factor in the complete geometry of the molecule, nor explicitly enforce orientational constraints for adsorption. Here, we develop a diffusion-controlled adsorption theory for AFP molecules binding at specific orientations to flat ice surfaces. We formulate the diffusion equation with relevant boundary conditions and present analytical solutions to the attachment rate constant. The resulting rate constant is a function of the length and aspect ratio of the AFP, the distance threshold associated with binding, and solvent conditions such as temperature and viscosity. These results and methods of calculation may also be useful for predicting the kinetics of crystal growth through oriented attachment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A proper vertex coloring of a graph G is said to be locally identifying (lid-coloring) if for any pair u,v of adjacent vertices with distinct closed neighborhoods, the sets of colors in the closed neighborhoods of u and v are different. The smallest integer k for which G admits a lid-coloring is called the lid-chromatic number of G. The corona product G ⊙ H of two graphs G and H is the graph obtained by taking one copy of G and |V (G)| copies of H, and then joining the ith vertex of G to every vertex in the ith copy of H for every i = 1, 2,…,|V (G)|, where |A| denotes the number of elements in the set A. In this paper, the lid-chromatic number of corona product of graphs has been studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) ranks as the second leading cause of death globally among all infectious diseases. This problem is likely due to the lack of biomarkers to differentiate the heterogeneous spectrum of infection. Therefore, the first step in solving this problem is to identify biomarkers to distinguish the different disease states of an individual and treat them accordingly. Circulating microRNA (miRNA) biomarkers are promising candidates for various diseases. In fact, we are yet to conceptualize how miRNA expression influences and predicts TB disease outcomes. Thus, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the diagnostic efficacy of circulating miRNAs in Latent TB (LTB) and Active Pulmonary TB (PTB). Methods: Literature published between 2012 and 2021 was retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, Scopus, Embase, and Google Scholar. Articles were screened based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, and their quality was assessed using the QUADAS-2 tool. Funnel plots and forest plots were generated to assess the likelihood of study bias and heterogeneity, respectively. Results: After the screening process, seven articles were selected for qualitative analysis. The study groups, which consisted of Healthy Control (HC) vs. TB and LTB vs. TB, exhibited an overall sensitivity of 81.9% (95% CI: 74.2, 87.7) and specificity of 68.3% (95% CI: 57.8, 77.2), respectively. However, our meta-analysis results highlighted two potentially valuable miRNA candidates, miR-197 and miR-144, for discriminating TB from HC. The miRNA signature model (miR197-3p, miR-let-7e-5p, and miR-223-3p) has also been shown to diagnose DR-TB with a sensitivity of 100%, but with a compromised specificity of only 75%. Conclusion: miRNA biomarkers show a promising future for TB diagnostics. Further multicentre studies without biases are required to identify clinically valid biomarkers for different states of the TB disease spectrum. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO (CRD42022302729). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Hilbert spectrum images of intrinsic mode functions (IMF) of empirical mode decomposition (EMD) analysis and variational mode decomposition (VMD) analysis of faulty machine vibration signals are used in deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) for machine fault classification in which the DCNN automatically learns the features from spectral images using convolution layer. Though both EMD and VMD analysis suit well for non-stationary signal analysis, VMD has the merit of aliasing free IMFs. In this paper, the performance improvement of DCNN classification for a non-stationary vibration signal dataset using VMD is brought out. The numerical experiment uses the Hilbert spectrum images of 4 EMD-IMFs and 4 VMD-IMFs in DCNN to classify 10 different faults of the Case Western Reserve University (CWRU) bearing dataset. The confusion matrices are obtained and the plot of model accuracies in terms of epochs for the DCNN is analysed. It is shown that the spectrum images of one of the four EMD-IMFs, IMF0, give a validation accuracy of 100% and in the case of VMD the spectrum images of two of the four VMD-IMFs, IMF0, and IMF1 give a validation accuracy of 100%. This reveals that non-aliasing IMFs of VMD are better at classifying bearing faults. Further to bring out the merits of VMD analysis for non-stationary signals the numerical experiment is conducted using VMD analysis for binary fault classification of the milling dataset which is more non-stationary than the bearing dataset which is proved by plotting the statistical parameters of both datasets against time. It is found that the DCNN classification is 100% accurate for IMF3 of VMD analysis which is much better than the 81% accuracy provided by EMD analysis as per existing literature. The performance comparison highlights the merits of VMD analysis over EMD analysis and other state-of-the-art methods and ensemble learning methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: In this, in vitro study's objective is to assess the shear bond strength (SBS) of metal and ceramic orthodontic brackets that have been adhered to enamel using a conventional acid etch/primer and self-etching primer (SEP) adhesive method. Materials and Methods: One hundred excised human premolars were bonded on brackets and were divided into group 1 -Metal brackets were bonded on teeth and group 2 -Ceramic brackets were bonded on teeth. These two groups were further subdivided: subgroup 1a - 25 metal brackets bonded using conventional acid etch/primer adhesive system, subgroup 1b - 25 metal brackets bonded using SEP, subgroup 2a - 25 ceramic brackets bonded using conventional acid etch/primer adhesive system, and subgroup 2b - 25 ceramic brackets bonded using SEP; brackets were debonded using a computerized Instron universal testing machine. Results: The mean value of SBS of metal and ceramic brackets bonded using conventional acid etch/primer adhesive systems had higher SBS than those bonded using SEP. SBS ranged from 7.95 to 12.24 MPa which was in the acceptable clinical range. Conclusion: SBS values of all four subgroups exceeded the range of 6-8 MPa observed to be acceptable for routine clinical use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasing demand for advanced technologies that depends on magnetic phenomena, understanding and controlling the behavior of discrete breather in ferromagnetic nanowires are crucial for enhancing the efficiency and performance of such devices. The presence of octupole–dipole interactions signifies a unique aspect that could potentially influence the stability and localization of breather excitations. Hence, we adopted a multifaceted approach to investigate the Heisenberg anisotropic ferromagnetic nanowire discrete model with the following interactions: bilinear, octupole–dipole, anisotropy and its higher-order terms. The dynamics is governed by a discrete nonlinear Schrödinger equation (DNLS) arrived with the aid of Holstein–Primakoff transformation. This transformation was facilitated by utilizing the Glauber coherent representation of the boson operators. Subsequently, the dynamical equation is incorporated to the Modulational Instability (MI) analysis which is a systematical gateway to explore the breather excitation in the region of instability influenced by the octupole–dipole interaction coupling parameter. Then, we pictorially demonstrated that the octupole–dipole interaction plays a pivotal role in promoting the localization of discrete breather on the surface of the spin lattice sites in the discrete ferromagnetic nanowire. The energy density distribution also implies that the increase in octupole–dipole interaction results in the highly dense breather localization. The result shows that the increment in the octupole–dipole interaction parameter increases the amplitude of the localized breathers. These discrete breathers could hold immense promise for applications in magnetic storage and Spintronic devices, where maintaining stable localized modes is crucial for the device functionality. Our novelty lies in being pioneers in the exploration of a fully discrete model that encompasses higher-order interactions, such as the octupole–dipole interaction. We already have confirmed the existence of instability region on the discrete spin lattice by incorporating the octupole–dipole interaction [T. Pavithra, L. Kavitha, Prabhu and A. Mani, Modulational instability analysis in an isotropic ferromagnetic nanowire with higher order octopole-dipole interaction, in Nonlinear Dynamics and Applications: Proceedings of the ICNDA 2022 (Springer, 2022), p. 1209], we attempting to explore the generation of discrete breathers in a discrete anisotropic ferromagnetic nanowire. This effectively bridges the gap between theoretical understanding and practical implications, paving the way for innovative advancements in magnetic technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This article is focused on synthesis and characterisation of 1,1-(((5-(3,4,5triethoxybenzyl)pyrimidine-2,4-diyl))bis(azanediyl))bis(substituted phenyl methylene))bis(naphthalen-2-ol) moieties and evaluated for antibacterial and antioxidant activities as well as molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation investigations. Methods: In this article we conducted one-pot three component reactions through Betti type reaction. Agar diffusion method was used to evaluate anti-bacterial properties. The DPPH method was used to determine antioxidant activity results. Results: A series of 1,1-(((5-(3,4,5triethoxybenzyl)-pyrimidine-2,4-diyl))bis(azanediyl))bis(substituted phenyl methylene))bis(naphthalen-2-ol) were synthesized via Betti type reaction and evaluated for their antibacterial and antioxidant activities. Further, all the synthesized compounds were characterized by FT-IR, 1H, and 13C NMR, and mass spectral analysis. Discussion: Molecular docking was carried out to study possible potential binding interaction of synthesized Betti base derivatives with 1NC6 PDB as receptor. The molecular dynamic (MD) was performed to investigate stability of binding interaction of drug-target (protein–ligand) complex. All the synthesized compounds were investigated for their antibacterial and antioxidant activity. Conclusions: Betti base derivatives were synthesized and studied on the basis of computer aided drug design including docking and molecular dynamic (MD) simulations and pharmacologically assessed for antioxidant and antibacterial activity. Molecular docking investigation revealed that compounds showed better binding energies in the range –4.1 to –7.3 kcal/mol suggests that the binding occurs efficiently in the receptor–ligand complex. These Betti base derivatives were synthesized via Betti base protocol at 70oC through one-pot three component reaction with acceptable yields, as cost efficient, high yield, easy workup and environmental friendliness. Afterwards, obtained molecules have characterized by FT-IR, NMR, and Mass spectra which confirms the chemical structure of the synthesized compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The investigation of nonlinearly stretching surface has been conducted using the Casson model, focusing on a unique mixture known as a ternary nanofluid. This specific nanofluid comprises a combination of blood with suspended aluminum alloys, namely $AA7072 $AA7072and $AA7075$AA7075, as well as $A{l_2}{O_3}$Al2O3 oxide. The nanoparticles dispersed in the underlying fluid are envisioned to possess a sphere-like structure, thereby ensuring optimal contact between the nanoparticle’s extensive surface area and the base fluid. Consequently, this design enables enhanced heat absorption from the surface. Additionally, the unique combination of the nanoparticles facilitates swift mobility within the nanofluid, expediting their movement. We derived a novel set of similarity transformations, in which the similarity variable is dimensionless and appears in the formulation as a function of all independent variables. The Runge-Kutta Fehlberg 4-${5^{th}}$5th methodology was used to solve the modified equations numerically. In previous research papers, the Homotopy perturbation Sumudu transform method (HPSTM) was employed to derive the analytical solution solely for the momentum equation. However, in this current study, the Homotopy perturbation Sumudu transform method (HPSTM), is applied to solve the coupled momentum and heat equations of trihybrid nanofluid, resulting in an innovative analytical solution that has not been previously explored. The comparison with the numerical results demonstrates the precision of the present work. The repercussions of unique components on thermal and velocity plots are explained in graphical records for each case of nanofluid, hybrid nanofluid and trihybrid nanofluid separately. This study encourages the application of Homotopy perturbation Sumudu transform technique in more fluid flow problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractMagnetic nanofluid constitutes a special class of nanofluids that exhibit both magnetic and fluid properties. Due to its extensive applications, researchers used the magneto-nanofluid to investigate the thermos-diffusion effects on boundary layer flows. The impact on the thermos-diffusion of magneto-nanofluid over a linear stretching sheet was first introduced by Awad et al., (boundary value problems, 1–13, 2013), then Goyal et al., (microfluidics and nano fluidics, 17(3), 591–604) examined the effects of Brownian motion, thermophoresis, and cross-diffusion on the enhancement of convection features of the power-law stretching sheet. In the present study, we extend Goyal’s finding of the thermophoresis effect by including a magnetic field. Consequently, now five partial differential equations with the magnetic field parameter need to be solved, which are converted to ordinary differential equations with similarity transformations. Then, the resulting nonlinear coupled differential equations are solved analytically using the method of Directly Defining the inverse Mapping with the help of Maple software. This is the first time this novel method is used to solve a system with four non-linear coupled differential equations. The analytical results of the study are compared with the available numerical results for a special case and found good agreement. This leads to the conclusion that this novel method is accurate and can be applied to solve not only higher order but also a system of several non-linear differential equations. Further, the skin friction is analyzed for various values of the magnetic parameter. It is observed that, the velocity profile decreases as the magnetic parameter increases. However, quite the opposite is true on the skin friction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a series of three letters, Pavithra describes to their unborn child what it's like to be pregnant. The first conveys the terror of carrying a new being into a violently homophobic and racist world. The second and third letters recall the desire and beauty that the unborn child sparks in them. In the fourth letter, Pavithra writes to Noor Momo, now six years old, reflecting on the realities of parenting amidst ongoing violence and the uncertainties of the COVID-19 pandemic. In this final letter, Pavithra invokes Noor's aunts: her sister Raksha, and her dear friends Kriti, Batool, Mabel, and Marie. The words Chitthi, Masi, Khala and Chyama refer to "mother"s sister" in Tamil, Hindi, Urdu, and Nepali, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A unique investigation has been undertaken to analyze the heat transmission by convective and radiative mechanisms in a fully saturated penetrable fin of a longitudinal structure positioned on a leaning surface. This study introduces the fusion of the realms of Homotopy perturbation and Sumudu transform techniques to address a previously unexplored problem involving a moving fin with temperature‐dependent thermal conductivity. In prior research papers, the Homotopy Perturbation Sumudu Transform Method (HPSTM) was utilized to obtain analytical solutions for fins featuring temperature‐dependent thermal conductivity. However, in our current study, we employ the HPSTM to tackle a novel problem involving a moving porous fin. This fin exhibits temperature‐dependent thermal conductivity and is subjected to convection and radiation effects. Through a comparison with numerical results, the present study has validated the dependability of its findings. The dimensionless temperature profile has been investigated by studying its relationship with several parameters. Here we observed that when the Peclet number (Pe) $({Pe})$ is augmented by 400%, there is a corresponding 1.11% increase in thermal outline at the fin's extremity. Enhancing the value of radiation parameter Nr ${Nr}$ by 400% declines the temperature of the fin tip by 14.079%. This study encourages the application of the Homotopy perturbation Sumudu transform technique in more complex fin problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, 30 blackgram genotypes were evaluated for physiological, reproductive, biochemical and yield traits at flowering stage during summer, 2022 and 23. ANOVA showed highly significant genetic variability among the 30 blackgram genotypes for 20 heat tolerance traits studied indicating that significant amount of genetic variability among the genotypes. Higher PCV, GCV and heritability was recorded for seed yield per plant and number of pods per plant during both the years. Moreover, the results of cluster analysis for these heat tolerance traits revealed that the genotypes TBG-129, LBG-1015, PU-1804, TBG-104 and PU-31 were identified as promising genotypes under high temperature stress conditions during both the years. Principal component analysis showed that first three components showed 82.62 % of total variation during summer, 2022, whereas 77.06 % of the total variance was covered by the first two principal components during summer, 2023. The identification of genotypes displaying heat tolerance can be useful in future breeding programmes for the development of heat stress tolerant genotypes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study focuses on enhancing the mechanical properties of thin, soft, free-standing films via a layer-by-layer (LBL) fabrication process called LBL-FP. Soft polymer nanocomposite (PNC) thin films, combining polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) at ultra-low loadings using a unique bottom-up LBL-FP, are examined. Two different structures of layered composites, (i) LBL PNCs- Layered composites with alternating layers of PDMS and SWCNT, (ii) Bulk PNCs- Layered composites with SWCNT dispersed in the bulk of PDMS, are comparatively investigated for their structural and mechanical properties. Silane-functionalized SWCNT strengthens the chemical bonding with PDMS, improving adhesion and dispersion. Mechanical analysis using nanoindentation, delamination, and dynamic analysis highlights the advantages of LBL PNCs with alternating layers of PDMS and SWCNT. Notably, LBL PNC (0.5 wt%) exhibits significant improvements, such as 2.6X increased nanoindentation resistance, 3X improved viscoelasticity, and (2–5)X enhanced tensile properties in comparison with neat PDMS. Due to this, LBL PNCs offer potential for soft, lightweight applications like wearables, electromagnetic interference shielding materials, and strain sensors while advancing composite thin film mechanics. The study emphasizes using a stacked architecture to produce PDMS-SWCNT multilayered PNCs with improved mechanics utilizing ultra-low concentrations of SWCNT. This first-of-its-kind stack design facilitates possibilities for lightweight composites utilizing less fillers. The LBL assembly involves the stacking of alternating layers of different materials, each contributing specific properties to enhance the overall strength and toughness of the structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study focuses on enhancing the mechanical properties of thin, soft, free-standing films via a layer-by-layer (LBL) fabrication process called LBL-FP. Soft polymer nanocomposite (PNC) thin films, combining polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) at ultra-low loadings using a unique bottom-up LBL-FP, are examined. Two different structures of layered composites, (i) LBL PNCs- Layered composites with alternating layers of PDMS and SWCNT, (ii) Bulk PNCs- Layered composites with SWCNT dispersed in the bulk of PDMS, are comparatively investigated for their structural and mechanical properties. Silane-functionalized SWCNT strengthens the chemical bonding with PDMS, improving adhesion and dispersion. Mechanical analysis using nanoindentation, delamination, and dynamic analysis highlights the advantages of LBL PNCs with alternating layers of PDMS and SWCNT. Notably, LBL PNC (0.5 wt%) exhibits significant improvements, such as 2.6X increased nanoindentation resistance, 3X improved viscoelasticity, and (2–5)X enhanced tensile properties in comparison with neat PDMS. Due to this, LBL PNCs offer potential for soft, lightweight applications like wearables, electromagnetic interference shielding materials, and strain sensors while advancing composite thin film mechanics. The study emphasizes using a stacked architecture to produce PDMS-SWCNT multilayered PNCs with improved mechanics utilizing ultra-low concentrations of SWCNT. This first-of-its-kind stack design facilitates possibilities for lightweight composites utilizing less fillers. The LBL assembly involves the stacking of alternating layers of different materials, each contributing specific properties to enhance the overall strength and toughness of the structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amorphous coordination polymers (CPs) are one of the important classes of porous materials, that are gaining attention and providing us with an exciting opportunity to synthesize novel functional materials. Amorphous CPs have practical applications in the domain of material science for a wide range of applications, including biomedical, supercapacitors, gas storage, drug delivery, pollution control, and many others. Though several metal ions and ligands are available, the synthesis of CP with a biocompatible metal ion zirconium and a bidentate ligand, an amino acid (L-Asparagine) offers an eco-friendly CP with high surface area for a variety of applications. Herein, we report the synthesis of amorphous Zr-CPsAsn using three different pH conditions using modifiers namely, acid, base, and neutral which are thermally stable up to 250 °C. The role of pH modifiers in tuning the surface and pore environment is studied in detail using the BET, FESEM, and EDX analyses and the results are compared. It is interesting to the role of an acidic modifier, which tunes the surface area, and the basicity improves the pore environment, comparatively. Amorphous CPs and innovative synthesis have received attention in recent studies because of their potential and possible applications in a variety of material sciences fields, specifically, heavy metal ion adsorption in water remediation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CZTSSe is composed of earth abundant, relatively inexpensive and non-toxic metal with an intermediate chalcogenide structure. Direct bandgap metal chalcogenide thin film has the potential to reduce production costs for both raw materials and processing requirements. CZTSSe has received greater attention in the field of solar cells due to its tunable bandgap for different S to Se ratio varying for pure selenide (Eg = 1.1) and pure sulfide (Eg = 1.45). The current study describes the synthesis of CZTSSe nanocrystals using a simple and cost-effective solvothermal method. This method not only reduces cost but also prevents the usage of toxic solvents and avoids the selenization route. Aniline has been used as both solvent and stabilizing agent for the formation of nanocrystals. The obtained nanocrystals were studied for their structural, morphological and optical properties using XRD, HRTEM, UV-Vis spectroscopy and XPS. The XRD and HRTEM patterns of the synthesized nanocrystals confirms the kesterite structure of CZTSSe. The UV-Vis spectra of the nanocrystal confirms the direct bandgap of about 1.187 eV. This band gap energy is very near to the ideal value for an absorber in a photovoltaic solar cell. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most common contagious diseases worldwide. Over the past few decades, researchers have made significant efforts to prevent TB. Recent predictions indicate that the prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) will reach 552 million by 2023 due to ongoing epidemiological changes in several countries across the globe. India is expected to have 62-80 million people with diabetes by 2030, making it the "Diabetes Capital" of the world. Present review discusses the urgent need to understand the mechanisms and implications of DM on the immune systems of TB patients. The correlation between TB and DM has been shown to be bidirectional. Numerous studies have revealed a higher prevalence of diabetes in TB patients, as their immune systems are compromised. TB patients with DM experience progressive deficits in both innate and adaptive immune cell activity, reducing their ability to suppress Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) and increasing their risk of developing TB. Increased inflammation and elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines in circulation are characteristics of TB with DM co-morbidity, which indicate the active involvement of the angiogenesis-inflammation nexus. Therefore, to alleviate the burden of both disorders, it would be beneficial to make informed therapy choices by gaining a better understanding of TB immunology in the context of DM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Fracture management is one of the well-established concepts in Ayurveda with numerous fracture healing drugs mentioned for topical application. The present study is an attempt to form a compound of few of those drugs which can be used as a plaster cast. The effect of this Herbomineral ayurvedic plaster cast on fractures would be studied both in aspects of immobilisation and fracture healing. Shallakyadi plaster which is a novel compound composed of resin of Boswellia serrata Roxb, resin of Acacia nilotica (Linn.) Willd.ex Del, root of Glycirrhiza glabra Linn, whole plant of Cissus quadrangularis Linn, Stem of Rubia cordifolia Linn, bark of Terminalia arjuna Wight & Arn (W&A), resin of Commiphorawightii Arn, Kaolinite (phyllosilicate of aluminium) and hydrated magnesium silicate can be used as a herbomineral ayurvedic compound for the healing of fractures. Need of Study: Standard Plaster of Paris (POP) cast has no therapeutic role on healing of fracture other than the purpose of immobilisation, whereas the drugs in Shallakyadi Plaster have known effects on bone healing and also provide the adequate immobilisation provided by Standard POP cast. Hence, the present study will compare the efficacy of Shallakyadi Plaster and Standard POP in the management of simple fractures of long bones of upper limb. Aim: To study and compare the efficacy of Shallakyadi plaster and standard POP in the management of simple fractures of long bones of upper limb. Materials and Methods: The present study is designed as a randomised control trial which would be conducted in Mahatma Gandhi Ayurveda College Hospital and Research Centre (MGACHRC), Salod Hirapur (H), Maharashtra, India for three months, in which 60 patients will be enrolled. Standard POP Plaster or Shallakyadi plaster will be applied for local application over the fractured area. Parameters like pain, swelling, loss of function, tenderness would be studied subjectively and callus formation would be taken as the objective parameter. Statistical analysis would be done using GraphPad Prism 7.0 V software and statistical tests- Chi-square test, Wilcoxon's rank sum test and Wilcoxon's signed rank test will be applied with level of significance as 0.05. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Aim: Individuals with special healthcare needs (SHCN) are more likely to sustain traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) due to distinct risk factors. The aim of this review was to assess various risk factors associated with TDIs in individuals with SHCN. Materials and Methods: The protocol was designed according to the recommendations of the Cochrane‐handbook, Joanna Briggs Institute, and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022357422). A comprehensive search was performed in PubMed, LILACS, Web of Science, EMBASE and Scopus using a pre‐defined strategy without any limitation of language and year of publication. It was last updated on 25 April 2023. Studies addressing the TDIs in individuals with SHCN were included. Data extraction and analyses were performed, risk of bias (ROB) assessment was done using the Joanna Briggs Institute's critical appraisal tool, and a meta‐analysis was performed using random‐effects model. Results: A total of 21 studies were included in the review. They were categorized according to the target disease/condition: cerebral palsy (n = 5), ADHD and autism spectrum disorders (n = 5), visually impaired (n = 4), and multiple disorders (n = 7). The studies showed variability in the design and methods; however, 17 out of 21 studies showed moderate to low ROB. Increased overjet and lip incompetence were the main risk factors reported in the studies. The commonest injuries were observed to be enamel and enamel and dentine fractures. Conclusion: The overall pooled prevalence of TDI in individuals with special healthcare needs was 23.16% with 20.98% in males and 27.06% in females. Overjet >3 mm and inadequate lip coverage were found to be associated with a higher risk of TDI in all the categories of individuals with special healthcare needs except ADHD and ASD. Falls at home in cerebral palsy, falls while walking and self‐harm in ADHD and ASD, falls at home and collision in visual impairment, and unspecified falls in multiple disorders could be identified as the most common cause of TDI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the stomach is a rare histologic subtype of gastric carcinoma. Morphologically, it shows hepatocyte-like features and the tumor cells can show the expression of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in the tumor cells as well as in serum. There are a few AFP-negative hepatoid adenocarcinoma tumors that have been reported in the literature. A 45-year-old male patient presented with abdominal pain. Endoscopy and radiological studies showed an ulceronodular thickening in the antropyloric thickening with lymphadenopathy. He underwent radical subtotal gastrectomy with lymph node dissection. Microscopic examination showed adenocarcinoma with hepatocytic morphology, the presence of lymphovascular and perineural invasion, prominent peritumoral lymphocytic infiltration, multiple metastatic tumor deposit involving regional lymoh nodes and omentum. Adjacent gastric mucosa showed Helicobacter pylori -associated chronic atrophic gastritis with intestinal metaplasia. On immunohistochemistry (IHC), tumor cells were immunopositive for keratin 7, CDX2, and HepPar-1, p53 (focal), and MUC5AC (focal) while immunonegative for AFP, SALL4, MUC2, CD10, and HER2 (ERBB2) was negative. We report this AFP-negative hepatoid adenocarcinoma with its associated uncommon features and discussed the literature review and diagnostic approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The combination of I2/CAN has emerged as a mild and powerful reagent for the oxidative Csp3‐Csp2 cleavage of 3,3′‐bis‐7‐azaindolylmethane to provide a quantitative combined yield of 3‐formyl and 3‐iodo‐7‐azaindole in a one‐pot reaction at RT. A plausible mechanism and characterization, including XRD, has been described. The synthetic transformations of title compounds were explored by reduction, Click, reductive amination, and Suzuki coupling reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The process of speciation generates biodiversity. According to the null model of speciation, barriers between populations arise in allopatry, where, prior to biology, geography imposes barriers to gene flow. On the other hand, sympatric speciation requires that the process of speciation happen in the absence of a geographical barrier, where the members of the population have no spatial, temporal barriers. Several attempts have been made to theoretically identify the conditions in which speciation can occur in sympatry. However, these efforts suffer from several limitations. We propose a model for sympatric speciation based on adaptation for resource utilization. We use a genetics-based model to investigate the relative roles of prezygotic and postzygotic barriers, from the context of ecological disruptive selection, sexual selection, and genetic architecture, in causing and maintaining sympatric speciation. Our results show that sexual selection that acts on secondary sexual traits does not play any role in the process of speciation in sympatry and that assortative mating based on an ecologically relevant trait forces the population to show an adaptive response. We also demonstrate that understanding the genetic architecture of the trait under ecological selection is very important and that it is not required for the strength of ecological disruptive selection to be very high in order for speciation to occur in sympatry. Our results provide an insight into the kind of scenarios in which sympatric speciation can be demonstrated in the lab. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An eight year old female Doberman dog, presented with left limb fracture and paraplegia revealed a mass in abdominal aorta on ultrasound examination. On worsening of the dog’s clinical condition during the course of clinical intervention, the dog was euthanized on the request of the pet owner . In post mortem examination, nodules measuring around 2 cm diameters were observed in the caudal esophagus. Aortic thromboembolism of 3-4 cm with live S. lupi worms were observed along with multiple aneurysms. Nodular lesions were also observed on different organs in mediastinal lobe of lung, spleen and urinary bladder due to erratic migration of S. lupi parasites. Histopathologically, aorta revealed multiple necrotizing granuloma extending from tunica intima to tunica media and blood vessels dilatation with thickening of aorta. Muscular layer of esophagus also revealed multiple granuloma containing the L3 stage larvae of S. lupi. Key words: Aortic thromboembolism, Dog, Esophageal nodules, Granuloma, Spirocerca lupi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cardo tetrafunctional benzoxazines (BZ-aP-ffa, P-aP-ffa and BBA-aP-ffa) were synthesized from bis-phenols (phenolphthalein, bisphenol-Z and bisphenol-BA), paraformaldehyde, aminophenol and furfurylamine under appropriate experimental conditions. Their structural, thermal, hydrophobic, morphology and dielectric properties were characterized using modern analytical methods. Thermal studies indicate that the poly(P-aP-ffa) possesses better thermal stability (char yield 61%) than that of other two polybenzoxazines, viz. poly(BZ-aP-ffa) and poly(BBA-aP-ffa) (char yield 50 and 56%, respectively). Polybenzoxazine (P-ap-ffa) composites reinforced using varied weight percentages (10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 wt%) of GPTMS-functionalized vermiculite were prepared and the properties studied and compared with those of neat benzoxazine matrices. The values of water contact angle of neat poly(BZ-aP-ffa), poly(BBA-aP-ffa) and poly(P-aP-ffa) are found to be 142°, 141° and 142°, respectively, while that of vermiculite-reinforced poly(P-aP-ffa) composites have a water contact angle of 135° regardless of vermiculite content. A similar study indicated that the values of dielectric constant of neat polybenzoxazine matrix, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 wt% of GPTMS-functionalized vermiculite-reinforced poly(P-ap-ffa) composites are 3.34, 2.11, 2.01, 1.92, 1.86 and 1.84, respectively. The value of the dielectric constant is appreciably lowered to the extent of an ultra-low-k level, when vermiculite concentration increases. Results indicated that benzoxazines and composites developed in the present work can be used in the form of sealants for printed circuit boards in the field of microelectronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health threat requiring urgent attention and effective strategies for containment. AMR is fueled by wastewater mismanagement and global mobility, disseminating multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains worldwide. While global estimates of AMR burden have been informative, community-level understanding has received little attention despite reports of high AMR prevalence in healthy communities. We assessed the "invasion" of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) into the normal human flora by characterizing AMR Escherichia coli in local wastewaters contributed by a healthy youth population. This study estimated 26% (out of 300 isolates) resistant and 59% plasmid-bearing E. coli in local wastewater. Of the 78 AMR isolates, the frequency of mono-resistance was higher against tetracycline (32%), followed by kanamycin (17%) and chloramphenicol (9%). Five isolates were potentially MDR. We further sequenced four MDRs and four sensitive strains to comprehend the genome and resistome diversity in comparison to the global wastewater E. coli (genomes from the PATRIC database). The whole-genome analysis revealed extensive genome similarity among global isolates, suggesting global dissemination and colonization of E. coli. Global wastewater resistome majorly comprised ARGs against aminoglycosides (26%), beta-lactam (17%), sulfonamide (11%), and trimethoprim (8%). Resistance to colistin, a last-resort antibiotic, was prevalent in MDRs of European and South Asian isolates. A systems approach is required to address the AMR crisis on a global scale, reduce antibiotic usage, and increase the efficiency of wastewater management and disinfection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electronic and local structure of dilute magnetic materials with 2.5%, 5%, and 7.5% Ni-doped SnS2 was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) data. These magnetic semiconductors can be used in spintronics, half-metals, and valleytronics. This research utilizes XRD data to elucidate the electron density mapping (electronic structure) of 3D and 2D MEM (maximum entropy method), focusing on bonding behavior and the accumulation of interstitial charges in regions outside the regular lattice. Pure tin disulfide (SnS2) is diamagnetic, but nickel (Ni) doping converts it to mild ferromagnetism, with a maximum magnetization of 0.4726 emu/g and 0.4659 emu/g and a coercivity of 78 Oe and 93 Oe at 2.5% and 7.5% Ni concentrations, respectively. Using MEM electron density analysis, magnetic saturation and coercivity are also highly connected. The 5% Ni-doped SnS2 composition has the highest interstitial charge, resulting in a more covalent character responsible for excellent electrical conduction and reduced magnetism. Optical absorption and energy gap engineering are discussed based on cation deficiency analysis employing XRD data. Photoluminescence (PL) emission reveals that Ni doping has no direct influence on SnS2 systems. However, Ni doping in SnS2 increases the vacancy/interstitial charge, which indirectly corresponds with PL emission. Electron spin resonance (ESR) analysis reveals the presence of interstitial Ni2+ and substitutional Ni3+ ions. This study found a correlation between charge buildup at substitutional and interstitial sites, type, and strength of bonding, and physical properties like magnetism and optical properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The thermal examination of a non-integer-ordered mobile fin with a magnetism in the presence of a trihybrid nanofluid (Fe3O4-Au-Zn-blood) is carried out. Three types of nanoparticles, each having a different shape, are considered. These shapes include spherical (Fe3O4), cylindrical (Au), and platelet (Zn) configurations. The combination approach is utilized to evaluate the physical and thermal characteristics of the trihybrid and hybrid nanofluids, excluding the thermal conductivity and dynamic viscosity. These two properties are inferred by means of the interpolation method based on the volume fraction of nanoparticles. The governing equation is transformed into a dimensionless form, and the Adomian decomposition Sumudu transform method (ADSTM) is adopted to solve the conundrum of a moving fin immersed in a trihybrid nanofluid. The obtained results agree well with those numerical simulation results, indicating that this research is reliable. The influence of diverse factors on the thermal overview for varying noninteger values of γ is analyzed and presented in graphical representations. Furthermore, the fluctuations in the heat transfer concerning the pertinent parameters are studied. The results show that the heat flux in the presence of the combination of spherical, cylindrical, and platelet nanoparticles is higher than that in the presence of the combination of only spherical and cylindrical nanoparticles. The temperature at the fin tip increases by 0.705 759% when the value of the Peclet number increases by 400%, while decreases by 11.825 13% when the value of the Hartman number increases by 400%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This single blinded interventional prospective study compares intravenous Ondansetron and Palonosetron in preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing laparoscopic gynaecological surgeries under general anesthesia. Material and Methods: This study was conducted at Government Kasturba Gandhi Hospital for Women and Children, Madras Medical College, Chennai. Instituitional Ethical committee approval was obtained before preceding the study. Informed Written consent was obtained from all the100 patients who were scheduled to undergo elective laparoscopic gynaecological surgery. Information about the study type, the drug, its benefits and side effects were clearly explained and willingness of the patient to participate in the study was documented. Results: Study population of 100 patients undergoing elective laparoscopic gynecological surgeries were randomly divided into two groups. 50 patients were allotted to group O receiving Ondansetron and 50 patients were allotted to group P receiving Palonosetron. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS package version 17 for windows. To compare intergroup differences, student's T test was used and for Categorical variables chi square or fisher's exact test was used. A P value less than 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Conclusion: It is concluded that Intravenous Palonosetron is more effective than intravenous Ondansetron in the prevention of post-operative nausea and vomiting. The number and frequency of emetic episodes were significantly reduced. Hence Palonosetron is superior to Ondansetron and it is safe and reliable to use in the prevention of post-operative nausea and vomiting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]