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In the examination of increasing interest in emerging pollutants, advanced technologies for emerging pollutants have been focused in the environmental science field. This study focuses on the sulphonamide removal from aqueous phase using designed three-phase three-dimensional electrode reactor. The parameters such as pH, particle electrode concentration, initial concentration of sulphonamide and the applied voltage have been studied using batch experiments. Sulphonamide was removed in 60 min at 12 V, pH 3 and 15 g of particle electrode in an electrochemical cell. From fact-finding, it was concluded that the efficiency of the electrochemical reactor increases with a decrease in pollutant concentration with optimum voltage (12 V). SEM-EDS and FTIR have been used for the characterisation of Sulphuric acid-activated Strychnos potatorum particle electrodes (SASP). The removal of sulphonamide using this reactor followed the pseudo-second-order (R2 > 0.96) and Langmuir–Hinshelwood kinetics (R2 = 0.9504). This newly designed three-dimensional reactor is an effective system for the complete removal of toxic pollutants from wastewater and this can be an alternative to the existing system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present work,Moringa oleiferaseed powder was prepared and it was applied for the removal of turbidity from the groundwater and synthetic water. The characterization of theM. oleiferaseed powder was carried out by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses. The FT-IR results observed the presence of different chemical functional groups in theM. oleiferaseed powder and the SEM analysis showed a smooth surface with rough peaks and pores in theM. oleiferaseed powder. The laboratory jar test procedures were applied for the conduct of experimental runs. The turbidity of the groundwater and synthetic water were varied from 50 to 135 NTU. The effect of operating parameters such as initial turbidity,M. oleiferadosage, and pH of the solution were optimized for the maximum removal of turbidity. The results of the coagulation activity ofM. oleiferashowed that the removal of turbidity lay in between 55 and 75% for synthetic turbid water and only 46–69% for groundwater at an optimum pH of 6–7. The obtained experimental values were applied to the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm model, to check the influence of sorption of the particles onto theM. oleiferaseed powder. The goodness of fit of experimental data was observed with Langmuir isotherm model, indicating a monolayer sorption of particles onto theM. oleiferaseed powder. It was observed from the isotherm study indications that the sorption may also be influenced in the removal of turbidity to some extent from the groundwater and synthetic water. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]