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The article "An Introduction to the Law of Private Pawnshops - a Trade with Tradition" deals with the trade of private pawnshops, which grant loans against collateral. It discusses the background of the pawnbroking industry, the significance of the pawnbroker regulation, and the legal transactions in the pawnshop business. Additionally, the role of (model) terms and conditions in the pawnbroking industry is explained. Pawnshops fulfill an important niche function for small loans and are regulated by the pawnbroker regulation. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan dan Ilmu Sosial (JMPIS) is the property of Dinasti Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper focuses on firms in which insiders pledge their shares as collateral for loans. By investigating a natural experiment—China's enactment of provisions on share reductions that restrict pledge creditors' cashing-out behavior—we find that pledging firms exhibited more conservative financial reporting after the implementation than non-pledging firms. This effect was pronounced in firms with a higher ratio of pledged shares, a longer maturation period of the pledged shares, and more concentrated pledge creditors. Additionally, we show that pledging firms increased their accounting conservatism after the shock, leading to a lower risk of margin calls and stock price crashes. The effect on accounting conservatism was stronger in firms with controlling pledgers or when the pledge creditors were banks. Our results remained consistent after we performed several robustness tests. These behaviors are economically logical because the provisions heighten creditors' liquidity risk and the potential losses of loan default. Pledging shareholders embrace more accounting conservatism to mitigate creditors' concerns about agency costs and avoid triggering margin calls. Our findings provide direct support that creditors have a real demand for accounting conservatism and highlight the impact of shareholder-creditor conflicts on the financial reporting policies of pledging firms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

University students are potential customers of peer-to-peer (P2P) lending and pawnbroking services. However, the existing literature has primarily underestimated such borrowers’ opinions of these services, especially from a comparative standpoint. In addition, previous studies have also neglected the implications for personal financial and accounting education and assistance, in general, and in Vietnam, in particular. Therefore, this study explored the correlations among motivations, perceived benefits, perceived risks, perceived trust, and customer intentions toward P2P borrowing and pawnbroking in Vietnam. Specifically, this study collected data from 295 and 314 students at a national university in Hanoi. A comparison analysis of the evaluations of the two samples revealed that the students perceived P2P lending to be more favorable. Furthermore, regression analyses suggested that motivation could significantly affect the students’ intentions to use and recommend P2P lending and pawnbroking, although the impacts were more prominent in the P2P model. Perceived risks and trust significantly mediated the association between motivations and intentions; the effects of the former were negative, while these of the latter were positive. Implications for personal finance and accounting education at the undergraduate levels were discussed based on these findings.

The issue of stigma has long been a central topic of discussion regarding the low uptake rate of targeted welfare programs. However, empirical evidence examining this claim within Global South countries remains scarce, particularly in Indonesia. Our study employed a qualitative approach, utilizing data from 33 interviews conducted in two areas with high poverty rates, evaluating the extent of institutionalized stigma that deters individuals from claiming Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT/PKH) benefits. Contrary to prevailing assumptions, our study found no clear link between stigma and the uptake of CCT/PKH programs. We found that the direct experiences of the interviewee with the repeated mistargeting of CCT distribution in sites under examination have eroded the significance of stigma, leading to unashamed claims by beneficiaries, regardless of their eligibility. Furthermore, our research unveiled that the CCT/PKH distribution is not merely an institutional process; it is highly interdependent, influenced by complex personalized meanings among beneficiaries with diverse goals. For example, some beneficiaries use the CCT as collateral to access loans from informal financial institutions, while others use it for socio-cultural purposes. This research contributes to the social policy literature by emphasizing the dysfunction of institutionalized stigma in affecting the decisions of (non-)eligible individuals to access welfare benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article supplements the multidisciplinary effort sparked by the New York Times's 1619 Project to focus attention on institutions and practices that supported American slavery. Managerial and financial accounting practices support many types of endeavours. Accounting is usually done for managers, investors, and creditors. Accounting practices supported investment in, and management of slavery, a fundamentally immoral and destructive practice. Accounting served the interests of the enslavers, not the enslaved. Accounting practices helped investors in slave voyages and absentee plantation owners overcome agency problems, facilitating investment. Plantations used accounting to track enslaved people's productivity. Accounting terms and reports dehumanised enslaved men and women, classifying them as assets and as loan collateral. Accounting forms and statements treated slave ownership and the use of slave labour as routine. In these ways, accounting statements helped normalise and legitimise the practice of slavery and helped distance investors and lenders from its brutal reality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a promising strategy to secure debt financing, firms can use their intellectual property rights (IPR) as collateral. Despite an ongoing shift to a more technology-based economy, the collateralization of IPR is still trailing behind the use of more traditional asset classes. In this paper, we address the challenges and opportunities of using IPR as collateral from a legal and economic angle by also exploring the role of and consequences for IP law. We develop a new taxonomy, i.e., a classification of the key determinants of using IPR as collateral. The taxonomy defines two pillars that govern the use of IPR collateral that distinguish between institutional and economic determinants. The institutional determinants cover contract law, IPR registries, and banking regulations. The economic determinants constitute the influence of IPR characteristics on the trade-off between the economic costs and benefits of collateralizing IPR. We apply the derived taxonomy to the legal and economic status quo in several industrialized economies to identify potential impediments to IPR-backed debt financing. Taken together, our taxonomy can be viewed as providing guidance for future research in the fields of law and economics on IPR as loan collateral for businesses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper proposes a brief analysis of the main elements that, on a theoretical, normative and situational basis, affect the value of properties placed as collateral for loans, with particular reference to the value they assume in the event that they are affected by an enforced procedure instead of being subject to normal sale, in free market conditions. Starting from the classic analytical estimate of the fair market value of a real estate asset in free market conditions, the paper will define the principles the appraiser has to follow to quantify the value of the asset from which to start the judicial auction. Considering the regulatory mechanisms in place in Italy, the paper will put in evidence how a value calculated for an execution sale of a property occurring in a foreclosure process is considerably far from its fair market value and even more from its final judicial value, considered as the amount that will be recovered at the end of the sale of the property by judicial auction. For debtors and creditors, the significant differences between fair market, execution and judicial values become an increasingly topical issue in the face of the growing number of default and distress of loans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self Help Groups enhance the equality of status of women as participants and decision makers in the democratic, economic, social and cultural sphere of life. The basic principles of SHG are group approach, mutual trust, organization of small and manageable groups, group cohesion, Thrift spirit, demand-based lending, collateral free loans, peer group pressure, skill training, capacity building and empowerment. At present, 1.40 lakh groups are functioning with 23.83 lakh members. It was found that Self Help Groups suffer due to lack of management skills, training, marketing, obtaining financial assistance, government support. Keeping this in mind, the present study is conducted to examine the efficacy of Self-Help Groups in the study area. It is found that 85 (34%) respondents have completed only primary education. It is found that 140 (56%) respondents have monthly income between Rs 10,001 to Rs 15,000. Therefore, it is suggested that informal groups can be formed on their own to create a reliable and potential source of income, increasing the earning capacity of SC women in Self Help Groups. It is concluded that formation of Self-Help Groups is part of the empowerment process and a micro-credit project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Riwayat: Educational Journal of History & Humanities is the property of Riwayat: Educational Journal of History & Humanities and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of International Journal of Disciplines Economics & Administrative Scienves Studies is the property of International Journal of Disciplines in Economics & Administrative Sciences Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This column will: (1) discuss the market for split-dollar life insurance loans; (2) review equity split dollar; (3) describe loan regime split dollar; (4) raise certain issues surrounding split-dollar loan collateral security; (5) compare accrual versus paid or imputed split-dollar loan interest and its implications with respect to collateral security; (6) suggest potential tax issues surrounding access to policy cash values without adequate collateral security; and (7) suggest a series of questions that financial service professionals can ask their clients who seek to implement a split-dollar plan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]