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Double hydrophilic ABA-type amphiphilic polyurethane (PU)-based poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) (PNVP)-b-PU-b-PNVP and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM)-b-PU-b-PNIPAM triblock copolymers have successfu...

INTRODUCTION:The recent trend in health care centres everywhere is to provide cost effective care to the patients. There is an increasing trend towards ambulatory day care surgery and rapid discharge of the patients. The operation of inguinal hernia or incisional hernia and even simple ligation surgeries are done without much complexities nowadays and can be completed in 60-90min without much intra or postoperative complications. Hence these have become an ideal procedure for outpatient setting and thereby reducing length of hospital stay. AIMS AND OBJECTIVE:A comparative study of efcacy, potency and recovery of intrathecal 0.5% ropivacaine with fentanyl and 0.5% levobupivacaine with fentanyl in lower abdominal surgeries in patients of 18-60years of age. MATERIALS AND METHOD: This is a prospective, comparative, observational study was conducted on 60 patients undergoing various lower abdominal surgeries under subarachnoid block (SAB) at Nil Ratan Sircar Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal. This study was conducted over a period of 24-month. Approval of the Institutional Ethics Committee was taken. Awritten informed consent in the local language was taken from every patient. RESULT AND ANALYSIS: In RF 5 patients (17%) had onset at 3min, 17patients (57%) at 6min, 7 patients (23%) at 9min, 1 patient (3%) at 12min. In LBF 8 patients had onset at 0 min, 22 patients had onset at 3min. p value is less than 0.0001 which is statistically signicant. In RF, 23 patients (77%) had duration of motor block for 150min and 7 patients (23%) had for 180min. In LBF, 26 patients (87%) had duration of motor block for 210 min and 4 patients (13%) had for 180min. The p value is less than 0.0001, which is statistically signicant. SUMMARYAND CONCLUSION: This study was to compare potency, efcacy and recovery between the two groups of drugs. A potency of a drug is a measure of drug activity expressed in terms of the amount required to produce an effect of given intensity. Here both the drugs in comparison was given in equal concentration and found that levobupivacaine produced higher effect, reached Bromage 3 in lesser time than ropivacaine. So levobupivacaine was more potent drug. Efcacy is the ability to get a job done satisfactorily

Background: postoperative pain is a type of acute pain in the immediate postoperative period which has both pathophysiological and therapeutic point of view. Different drugs through different routes are being used for relief of postoperative pain. we have analysed the efficacy of two different routes via femoral nerve block and local infiltration of ropivacaine for post-arthoscopic pain relief. Materials and methods: we have conducted the study from November 2017 to March 2018.60 patients undergoing arthoscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery wer randomly assigned into two groups;in a double blinded manner( group 1 and group 2). Group 1 received 0.2% of 20ml ropivacaine for blocking the femoral nerve of the affected limb whereas group 2 received the same drug through local infiltration of wound edges and subcutaneous plane. Pain was assessed using visual analogue scale(VAS) and rescue analgesia with 75mg injection diclofenac was given on demand when VAS score is >4 and number of times injection diclofenac was given in the 24 hours postoperative period. Analysis: demographic variables were quite comparable between the groups. The mean number of times of rescue analgesia was high in group 2 (2.9333+/-0.9444) than group 1 whose mean number of rescue analgesia was 1.4667+/- 0.7761 and difference of mean was statistically significant ( p

The purpose of this paper is to examine empirically the impact of capital structure on financial performance of United Kingdom (UK) firms' during the period from 2006 to 2015. The investigation is performed using data of 739 UK very large and large listed companies on London Stock Exchange. The study uses four performance measures, including return on equity - ROE, return on assets - ROA, Tobin's Q and earnings per share EPS as dependent variables. The two capital structure ratios, namely long-term liabilities and short-term liabilities as well as growth rate of total assets are applied as independent variables. Size is a control variable. The results indicate that firms' financial performance, which is measured by ROA, ROE and Tobin's Q have negative relationship with long-term liabilities in most of studied sectors, whereas short-term debts has no significant impact on these ratios. The performance which is measured by EPS also has no relationship with firm's leverage. These findings are consistent for ROA, ROE and EPS when we consider all firms, not distinguish their line of business. The only change belongs to Tobin's Q when we observe a positive relationship. Besides that, size and growth factor also bring benefit for firms' performance, except Tobin's Q. Finally, the global financial crisis seem does not affect much on the relationship between leverage and profitability indicators.

The antioxidant properties, mycochemical, and phenolic profiling of Termitomyces clypeatus, an edible mushroom from the lateritic region of West Bengal, India, was done. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by hydroxyl radical, superoxide radical, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay, chelating ability, reducing power, and total antioxidant capacity assays. Their EC50 values ranged from 8.25 µg.mL–1 to 1.008 mg.mL–1. Among the mycochemical constituents, phenols, ascorbic acid, and flavonoids were higher than β-carotene and lycopene. The analysis of the phenolic compounds performed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) revealed the presence of pyrogallol (50.34 µg.mg–1).

Traditionally Laetiporus sulphureus, commonly known as “Chicken-of-the-Woods”, is considered a delicacy in various parts of the world and recently has shown medical potential in several treatments such as antitumor, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immune-modulating etc. However, quality standards of this species have not been studied so far. For this purpose, microscopic features of powder such as physical characters, spore measurement, type of hyphae were examined and recorded. Physicochemical parameters like organoleptic features, loss on drying (5.15 %), total ash (3.04 %), swelling capacity (1.66 ml/g), water holding capacity (163.16 g/g), water solubility index (21.73 %) and fluorescent behaviour against 16 reagents were also determined. In addition, alcoholic extract was prepared using methanol as solvent where extractive value was 24.27 %. Preliminary mycochemical analysis indicated presence of cardiac glycoside, flavonoid, phenol, saponin and terpenoids in the extract. While quantitatively major bioactive components were present in the following order of flavonoid > phenol > ascorbic acid > β-carotene > lycopene. Moreover, HPTLC and HPLC profiles were recorded to determine phenolic fingerprint. HPTLC characterization showed presence of at least 5 components as detected by scanning the plate at 300 nm and HPLC chromatogram indicated existence of 32 peaks which might be of phenolic compounds. In addition, superoxide radical scavenging (EC50 1.38 mg/ml), DPPH radical scavenging (EC50 0.11 mg/ml), chelating ability of ferrous ion (EC50 0.27 mg/ml), reducing power (EC50 0.26 mg/ml) and total antioxidant capacity (18.01 µg AAE/mg of extract) were determined to evaluate antioxidant potentiality of the extract. The above parameters are significant towards establishing pharmacognostic standards for future authentication of genuine mushroom material.

Polyphenol rich fraction of Termitomyces heimii, a wild edible mushroom, was prepared to investigate its antioxidant activity and presence of different bioactive constituents. A preliminary chemical investigation was performed and it revealed that the fraction possessed various types of components with maximum amount of phenol. The other found components were in the following consequence flavonoid > ascorbic acid > s-carotene > lycopene. HPLC data analyses showed presence of cinnamic acid and a good amount of pyrogallol (9603 µg/g of dry tissue of mushroom). The extract showed best hydroxyl radical scavenging activity (EC50 = 0.021 mg/ml). EC50 values for SOD radical scavenging assay was as low as 0.19 mg/ml. That of the rest of the antioxidant assays i.e., DPPH radical scavenging assay and reducing assay were only 0.49 and 1.31 mg/ml respectively. Thus T. heimii can be used as an easily accessible source of natural antioxidants or for the development of a new health medicine for fighting against various human stress related diseases.

Free radical scavenging activity of Ramaria aurea, an edible mushroom, naturally grown in Shilong, India, was evaluated. A heat-stable, polyphenol-rich extract (RauPre) was prepared from the dried basidiocarps and analyzed. The major chemical constituent of RauPre was phenols (26.86 μg gallic acid equivalents [GAE] mg−1 of dry extract); flavonoids, β-carotene, lycopene, and ascorbic acid were present in minor amounts. Main phenolic acids identified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were caffeic acid > cinnamic acid > gallic acid. Results from antioxidant assays demonstrated potential for superoxide and DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity (EC50 0.283 mg mL−1 and 0.384 mg mL−1, respectively). RauPre chelated ferrous ion (EC50 0.95 mg mL−1) and had Fe3+ to Fe2+ reducing power (EC50 1.025 mg mL−1). The activity of 1 mg of RauPre was equivalent to 86.7 μg ascorbic acid for total antioxidant capacity.

Three new isostructural pillared binuclear dioxomolybdenum(VI) complexes [(MoO2L1)2(4,4′-azpy)] (1), [(MoO2L2)2(4,4′-azpy)] (2) and [(MoO2L3)2(4,4′-azpy)] (3) [where, 4,4′-azpy = 4,4′-azobis-(pyridine)] containing tridentate binegative Schiff base ligands (H2L1, H2L2 and H2L3) obtained by the condensation of salicylaldehyde and substituted salicylaldehyde with S-benzyl dithiocarbazate have been reported for the first time. These complexes have been characterized by spectroscopic and electrochemical studies. In all the complexes (1–3), 4,4′-azpy behaves as an auxiliary spacer and bridges the Mo(VI) centers giving rise to neutral 3D supramolecular frameworks. The cavities formed by hydrogen bonding interactions are capable of hosting guest molecules. The crystal structures reveal that each molybdenum site in the binuclear complexes adopts a distorted octahedral geometry. The morphology and structures of the complexes are further examined by SEM. Thermal behavior has been investigated to study the framework stabilities of these structures. Supportive DFT calculations on the complexes have been carried out. These ligands and complexes 1–3 have significant antimicrobial and antioxidant properties.

Free radical scavenging activity and lipid peroxidation inhibition of polyphenol rich extract of Termitomyces medius, was investigated using various in–vitro assays. Sample was collected and morphological characters recorded. DNA sequencing was done and extracts prepared. Different antioxidant assays were performed for the polyphenol rich extract of Termitomyces medius. Even bioactive compounds were determined and HPLC conducted. Highest activity was observed in relation to hydroxyl radical scavenging activity where EC50 was found at a concentration of 0.0195 mg/ml. The chelating ability of ferrous ion, DPPH and superoxide radical activity in terms of EC50 values were found in the range 0.4–0.6 mg/ml. Whereas EC50 value for reducing power and inhibition of lipid peroxidation showed a higher range of 1.55–1.65 mg/ml. On the other hand estimated phytochemical component analysis showed total phenol content (mostly pyrogallol) was much higher than that of s–carotene and lycopene contents. As a result, due to its strong antioxidative properties, T. medius is thought to be a potential source of natural antioxidants.

A water-soluble heteroglycan (PS) of an average molecular weight ∼1.98 ×10(5) Da was isolated from the aqueous extract of an edible mushroom Termitomyces clypeatus (R. Heim). The structure of the polysaccharide (PS) was established using total hydrolysis, methylation analysis, Smith degradation, and 1D/2D NMR experiments. Total hydrolysis indicated the presence of d-glucose, d-galactose, d-mannose, and l-fucose in a molar ratio of 4.10:1.95:1.0:0.95, respectively. The chemical and NMR analysis indicated the presence of a repeating unit with a backbone consisting of one each of the residues (1→3)-α-d-galactopyranosyl, (1→3)-α-d-mannopyranosyl, (1→3)-α-d-glucopyranosyl, (1→3)-β-d-glucopyranosyl, (1→6)-β-d-glucopyranosyl, and (1→6)-α-d-galactopyranosyl, respectively. The (1→3)-α-d-mannopyranosyl residue was found branched at O-2 with terminal α-l-fucopyranosyl moiety and (1→3)-β-d-glucopyranosyl residue was branched at O-6 with terminal α-d-glucopyranosyl residue. The PS exhibited antioxidant properties.