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Background: Although the plantaris muscle (PM) is considered vestigial in humans, it plays a significant clinical role in procedures like grafting. Recent reports have suggested its potential involvement in mid-portion Achilles tendon tendinopathy. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the morphological variations of the PM, focusing on its branching patterns at the level of insertion., Materials and Methods: Dissections were performed on 58 lower limbs obtained from 29 adult cadavers preserved in a 10% formalin solution. The morphology of the PM was assessed concerning its branching patterns at the insertion level and its relationship with the calcaneal tendon., Results: The PM was present in 52 out of 58 cases (89.65%). In majority of these cases (37 limbs, 63.79%), there was no splitting of the plantaris tendon (PT) at the level of the extensor expansion (ExP). Bifurcation occurred in 10 cases (19.23%), trifurcation in 4 cases (7.69%), and in one instance, the tendon divided into four slips. In 11 cases (22.4%), the insertion blended with the Achilles tendon (Type VII), which may increase the risk of Achilles tendinopathy., Conclusions: The study indicates the existence of new types of PM tendon insertions that could potentially influence the development of Achilles tendinopathy. Variations in the anatomical morphology of the PM tendon may lead to potential conflicts with the Achilles tendon and the tibialis posterior tendon, thereby increasing the risk of tendinopathy.

Uterine leiomyomata present major problem for females. Although they are benign tumors their frequency is associated with many symptoms like infertility, abdominal pain, menorrhagia. Authors based on their own morphological studies and review of the literature try to indicate main factors causing angiogenesis within leiomyomata and its influence on tumor growth. The strongest proangiogenic factor seems to be hypoxia, which stimulates up- and down-regulation of numerous genetically determined substances. Also mechanical pressure acting upon newly growing vessels is one of the factors which may determine formation of so called "vascular pseudocapsule" around the lesion.