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Copyright of Biomédica: Revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud is the property of Instituto Nacional de Salud of Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Crustaceana is the property of Brill Academic Publishers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Argentina de Antropología Biológica is the property of Revista Argentina de Antropologia Biologica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objectives: To describe the frequency of hospitalizations of infants under 1 year of age with bronchiolitis in Puerto Madryn, Argentina, and to study the spatial distribution of cases throughout the city in relation to socioeconomic indicators. To visualize and better understand the underlying processes behind the local manifestation of the disease by creating a vulnerability map of the city. Methods: We performed a cross‐sectional study of all patients discharged for bronchiolitis from the local public Hospital in 2017, considering length of hospital stay, readmission rate, patient age, home address and socioeconomic indicators (household overcrowding). To understand the local spatial distribution of the disease and its relationship to overcrowding, we used GIS and Moran's global and local spatial autocorrelation indices. Results: The spatial distribution of bronchiolitis cases was not random, but significantly aggregated. Of the 120 hospitalized children, 100 infants (83.33%) live in areas identified as having at least one unsatisfied basic need (UBN). We found a positive and statistically significant relationship between frequency of cases and percentage of overcrowded housing by census radius. Conclusions: A clear association was found between bronchiolitis and neighborhoods with UBNs, and overcrowding is likely to be a particularly important explanatory factor in this association. By combining GIS tools, spatial statistics, geo‐referenced epidemiological data, and population‐level information, vulnerability maps can be created to facilitate visualization of priority areas for development and implementation of more effective health interventions. Incorporating the spatial and syndemic perspective into health studies makes important contributions to the understanding of local health‐disease processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The diagnosis and treatment of obesity are usually based on traditional anthropometric variables including weight, height, and several body perimeters. Here we present a three‐dimensional (3D) image‐based computational approach aimed to capture the distribution of abdominal adipose tissue as an aspect of shape rather than a relationship among classical anthropometric measures. Methods: A morphometric approach based on landmarks and semilandmarks placed upon the 3D torso surface was performed in order to quantify abdominal adiposity shape variation and its relation to classical indices. Specifically, we analyzed sets of body cross‐sectional circumferences, collectively defining each, along with anthropometric data taken on 112 volunteers. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was performed on 250 circumferences located along the abdominal region of each volunteer. An analysis of covariance model was used to compare shape variables (PCs) against anthropometric data (weight, height, and waist and hip circumferences). Results: The observed shape patterns were mainly related to nutritional status, followed by sexual dimorphism. PC1 (12.5%) and PC2 (7.5%) represented 20% of the total variation. In PCAs calculated independently by sex, linear regression analyses provide statistically significant associations between PC1 and the three classical indexes: body mass index, waist‐to‐height ratio, and waist‐hip ratio. Conclusion: Shape indicators predict well the behavior of classical markers, but also evaluate 3D and geometric features with more accuracy as related to the body shape under study. This approach also facilitates diagnosis and follow‐up of therapies by using accessible 3D technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. The relationship between obesity and alcohol consumption is a topic of significant interest to public health. Alcoholic beverages contribute additional calories to the diet, which could be a relevant factor to the overweight risk. However, its association with weight gain is controversial and influenced by multiple factors. Objective. To analyze the relationship between moderate alcohol intake and body mass index, considering the variables that may influence this relationship. Materials and methods. The sample consisted of 155 individuals from Puerto Madryn (Argentina). Each participant completed a questionnaire about health, lifestyle, demographic, and socioeconomic factors. Anthropometric measurements were taken, and polymorphisms of 18 genes related to alcohol metabolism were genotyped. Results. We found that moderate alcohol consumption is associated with a lower body mass index, particularly in females. An increase of 14 grams of alcohol was associated with a risk of 0.68 for obesity and 0.71 for overweight. The T variant of the marker rs4646543 (ALDH1A1), a gene involved in alcohol metabolism and adipogenesis, was associated with a higher frequency of alcohol consumption. Conclusion. The findings of this study suggest that moderate alcohol consumption does not significantly contribute to body weight in the sample studied. Furthermore, the association with genetic variants, such as those of the ALDH1A1 gene, may provide a biological explanation for the inverse relationship observed between weight and alcohol consumption.