1. Smoking is associated with age at disease onset in Parkinson's disease
- Author
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Fundación José Luis Castaño, Obra Social Cajastur, European Commission, Asociación Parkinson Asturias, Pérez de la Rosa, Irene, Morís, Germán, Coto, Eliecer, Blázquez-Estrada, Marta, Suárez, Esther, García-Fernández, Ciara, Martínez, Carmen, Duarte, Israel, Pérez-Oliveira, Sergio, Álvarez, Victoria, Menéndez-González, Manuel, Fundación José Luis Castaño, Obra Social Cajastur, European Commission, Asociación Parkinson Asturias, Pérez de la Rosa, Irene, Morís, Germán, Coto, Eliecer, Blázquez-Estrada, Marta, Suárez, Esther, García-Fernández, Ciara, Martínez, Carmen, Duarte, Israel, Pérez-Oliveira, Sergio, Álvarez, Victoria, and Menéndez-González, Manuel
- Abstract
[Background] Previous studies linked disease-progression variables such as age at onset or survival to both genetic, and non-genetic factors in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients., [Objective] The aim of this study was to assess how genetic and non genetic factors act as modifiers of age at onset and survival and in a cohort of 753 PD patients, and to determine how these variables interact to define the overall risk., [Methods] We analyzed the effect of gender, tobacco, alcohol, type of PD (genetic, gPD or idiopathic, iPD) and three genetic variants rs5848- GRN, rs1042522- TP53 and APOE. We studied two cohorts (PPMI and IPDGC) to replicate positive results., [Results] Regarding age at onset, male smokers PD had a significantly lower mean age compared to non-smoker (p = 0.001). APOE-Ɛ4 carriers had a younger onset-age compared to non-carriers (p = 0.03) in the Spanish cohort, but these results were not replicated in the other cohorts. Concerning survival, PD patients with an early onset (below 50 years) had an increased survival rate (p < 0.001)., [Conclusions] Our study showed how several genetic and non-genetic risk factors influenced the age at onset and survival in PD.
- Published
- 2022