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4. Signal Transmission in the Auditory System

Author

Frishkopf, Lawrence S., Kiang, Nelson Y-S., Peake, William T., Siebert, William M., Weiss, Thomas F., Freeman, Dennis M., Delgutte, Bertrand, Eddington, Donald K., Guinan, John J., Jr., Rosowski, John J., Puria, Sunil, Huang, Gregory T., Ravicz, Michael E., Teoh, Su W., Voss, Susan E., Abnet, C. Cameron, Aranyosi, Alexander J., Davis, Charles Quentin, Hattangadi, Shilpa M., Johnson, Laura K., Karu, Zoher Z., Rouf, Rosanne, Shatz, Lisa F., Slifka, Janet L., Cariani, Peter A., Hammond, Benjamin M., Kalluri, Sridhar, McKinney, Martin F., Litovsky, Ruth Y., Dynes, Scott B. C., Shera, Christopher A., Stankovic, Konstantina M., Hall, Robert D., Lighvani, Arash, McKinney, Christopher, Frishkopf, Lawrence S., Kiang, Nelson Y-S., Peake, William T., Siebert, William M., Weiss, Thomas F., Freeman, Dennis M., Delgutte, Bertrand, Eddington, Donald K., Guinan, John J., Jr., Rosowski, John J., Puria, Sunil, Huang, Gregory T., Ravicz, Michael E., Teoh, Su W., Voss, Susan E., Abnet, C. Cameron, Aranyosi, Alexander J., Davis, Charles Quentin, Hattangadi, Shilpa M., Johnson, Laura K., Karu, Zoher Z., Rouf, Rosanne, Shatz, Lisa F., Slifka, Janet L., Cariani, Peter A., Hammond, Benjamin M., Kalluri, Sridhar, McKinney, Martin F., Litovsky, Ruth Y., Dynes, Scott B. C., Shera, Christopher A., Stankovic, Konstantina M., Hall, Robert D., Lighvani, Arash, and McKinney, Christopher

Abstract

Contains table of contents for Section 3, an introduction and reports on seven research projects., National Institutes of Health Grant P01-DC-00119, National Institutes of Health Grant R01-DC-00194, National Institutes of Health Grant R01 DC00238, National Institutes of Health Grant R01-DC02258, National Institutes of Health Grant T32-DC00038, National Institutes of Health Grant P01-DC00361, National Institutes of Health Grant 2RO1 DC00235, National Institutes of Health Contract N01-DC22402

Published
2010

5. Communications Biophysics

Author

Siebert, William M., Peake, William T., Weiss, Thomas F., Braida, Louis D., Durlach, Nathaniel I., Lim, Jae S., Purks, Steven R., Rabinowitz, William M., Colburn, H. Steven, Domnitz, Robert H., Ruotolo, B. Robert, Stern, Richard M., Jr., Bahler, Lawrence G., Beguesse, Ian M., Gluss, David H., Hicks, Bruce L., Lippmann, Richard P., Perlmutter, Yvonne M., Reed, Charlotte M., Schultz, Martin C., Golub, Howard L., Houtsma, Adrian J. M., Wicke, Roger W., Boland, Robert P. W., Adler, Nicholas B., Siebert, Peter W., Frishkopf, Lawrence S., Oman, Charles M., Peterson, Scott K., Tole, John R., Rhyne, Theodore L., Wiegner, Allen W., Siebert, William M., Peake, William T., Weiss, Thomas F., Braida, Louis D., Durlach, Nathaniel I., Lim, Jae S., Purks, Steven R., Rabinowitz, William M., Colburn, H. Steven, Domnitz, Robert H., Ruotolo, B. Robert, Stern, Richard M., Jr., Bahler, Lawrence G., Beguesse, Ian M., Gluss, David H., Hicks, Bruce L., Lippmann, Richard P., Perlmutter, Yvonne M., Reed, Charlotte M., Schultz, Martin C., Golub, Howard L., Houtsma, Adrian J. M., Wicke, Roger W., Boland, Robert P. W., Adler, Nicholas B., Siebert, Peter W., Frishkopf, Lawrence S., Oman, Charles M., Peterson, Scott K., Tole, John R., Rhyne, Theodore L., and Wiegner, Allen W.

Abstract

Contains research objectives and summary of research on five research projects, with ten sub-topics., National Institutes of Health (Grant 1 RO1 NS10916-01), National Institutes of Health (Grant 5 RO1 NS11000-03), National Institutes of Health (Grant 1 RO1 NS11153-01), Harvard-M.I.T. Rehabilitation Engineering Center, U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (Grant 23-P-55854), National Institutes of Health (Grant 1 RO1 NS11680-01), National Institutes of Health (Grant 5 ROI NS11080-02), M.I.T. Health Sciences Fund, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (Grant NSG-2032), National Institutes of Health (Grant 5 TO1 GM01555-09), Massachusetts General Hospital Purchase Order F63853, Boston City Hospital Purchase Order 4338-75431

Published
2010

6. Communication Biophysics

Author

Guinan, John J., Jr., Peake, William T., Clayton, R. J., Sachs, M. B., Murray, M. J., Capranica, R. R., Durlach, Nathaniel I., Guinan, John J., Jr., Peake, William T., Clayton, R. J., Sachs, M. B., Murray, M. J., Capranica, R. R., and Durlach, Nathaniel I.

Abstract

Contains reports on five research projects., National Science Foundation (Grant GP-2495), National Institutes of Health (Grant MH-04737-04), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (Grant NsG-496)

Published
2010

7. Communications Biophysics

Author

Teas, D. C., Kiang, Nelson Y-S., Gerstein, G. L., Buoncristiani, J. F., Peake, William T., Teas, D. C., Kiang, Nelson Y-S., Gerstein, G. L., Buoncristiani, J. F., and Peake, William T.

Abstract

Contains reports on three research projects., United States Air Force (Contract AF19(602)-4112)

Published
2010

8. Communications Biophysics

Author

Rosenberg, A. E., Goldstein, M. H., Jr., Gerstein, G. L., Hastings, T. N., Sashin, D., Beal, R. C., Hall, J. L., II, Mark, R. G., Kiang, Nelson Y-S., Peake, William T., Allen, J. L., Williams, T. L., Rosenberg, A. E., Goldstein, M. H., Jr., Gerstein, G. L., Hastings, T. N., Sashin, D., Beal, R. C., Hall, J. L., II, Mark, R. G., Kiang, Nelson Y-S., Peake, William T., Allen, J. L., and Williams, T. L.

Abstract

Contains reports on six research projects., U. S. Air Force under Contract AF19(604)-4112.

Published
2010

9. Communications Biophysics

Author

Kiang, Nelson Y-S., Peake, William T., Siebert, William M., Weiss, Thomas F., Hall, Robert D., Rosenblith, Walter A., Durlach, Nathaniel I., Burns, S. K., Katona, P. G., Guinan, John J., Jr., Barlow, J. S., Kiang, Nelson Y-S., Peake, William T., Siebert, William M., Weiss, Thomas F., Hall, Robert D., Rosenblith, Walter A., Durlach, Nathaniel I., Burns, S. K., Katona, P. G., Guinan, John J., Jr., and Barlow, J. S.

Abstract

Contains research objectives, summary of six research projects and reports on three research projects., National Institutes of Health (Grant 2 P01 MH-04737-06), Joint Services Electronics Programs (U. S. Army, U.S. Navy, and U.S. Air Force) under Contract DA 36-039-AMC-03200(E), National Science Foundation (Grant GK-835), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (Grant NsG-496), National Institutes of Health (Grant 5 ROI NB-05462-03)

Published
2010

10. Communications Biophysics

Author

Goldstein, J. L., Guinan, John J., Jr., Kiang, Nelson Y-S., Peake, William T., Wiederhold, M. L., Weiss, Thomas F., Hall, Robert D., Rosenblith, Walter A., Henry, R. W., Frishkopf, Lawrence S., Siebert, William M., Durlach, Nathaniel I., Lansing, R. W., Burns, S. K., Katona, P. G., Twickler, B. A., Cunningham, A. W. B., Hamilton, A. E., King, M. F., Rojas-Corona, R. R., Songster, G. F., Goldstein, J. L., Guinan, John J., Jr., Kiang, Nelson Y-S., Peake, William T., Wiederhold, M. L., Weiss, Thomas F., Hall, Robert D., Rosenblith, Walter A., Henry, R. W., Frishkopf, Lawrence S., Siebert, William M., Durlach, Nathaniel I., Lansing, R. W., Burns, S. K., Katona, P. G., Twickler, B. A., Cunningham, A. W. B., Hamilton, A. E., King, M. F., Rojas-Corona, R. R., and Songster, G. F.

Abstract

Contains research objectives, summary of research and reports on two research projects., National Institutes of Health (Grant 5 PO1 GM-14940-02), Joint Services Electronics Programs (U. S. Army, U.S. Navy, and U. S. Air Force) under Contract DA 28-043-AMC-02536(E), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (Grant NGL 22-009-304), National Institutes of Health (Grant 5 TO1 GM-01555-02), National Institutes of Health (Grant NB-08082-01)

Published
2010

11. Communications Biophysics

Author

Rosenblith, Walter A., Peake, William T., Goldstein, M. H., Jr., Kiang, Nelson Y-S., Rosenblith, Walter A., Peake, William T., Goldstein, M. H., Jr., and Kiang, Nelson Y-S.

Abstract

Contains reports on two research projects.

Published
2010

12. Communications Biophysics

Author

Frishkopf, Lawrence S., Guinan, John J., Jr., Kiang, Nelson Y-S., Peake, William T., Weiss, Thomas F., Braida, Louis D., Colburn, H. Steven, Durlach, Nathaniel I., Goldstein, J. L., Seibert, William M., Berliner, J. E., Krummenoehl, A. F., Houtsma, Adrian J. M., Rabinowitz, William M., Stahl, D. O., II, Callahan, D. J., Kelley, W. F., Hall, Robert D., Lindholm, E. P., Burns, S. K., Mark, R. G., Sulman, D. L., Frishkopf, Lawrence S., Guinan, John J., Jr., Kiang, Nelson Y-S., Peake, William T., Weiss, Thomas F., Braida, Louis D., Colburn, H. Steven, Durlach, Nathaniel I., Goldstein, J. L., Seibert, William M., Berliner, J. E., Krummenoehl, A. F., Houtsma, Adrian J. M., Rabinowitz, William M., Stahl, D. O., II, Callahan, D. J., Kelley, W. F., Hall, Robert D., Lindholm, E. P., Burns, S. K., Mark, R. G., and Sulman, D. L.

Abstract

Contains research objectives, summary of research and reports on two research project., National Institutes of Health (Grant 5 PO1 GM14940-03), National Institutes of Health (Grant 5 TO1 GM01555-03), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (Grant NGL 22-009-304)

Published
2010

13. Communications Biophysics

Author

Peake, William T., Teas, D. C., Capranica, R. R., Pfeiffer, R. R., Peake, William T., Teas, D. C., Capranica, R. R., and Pfeiffer, R. R.

Abstract

Contains a report on a research project., National Institutes of Health (Grant MH-04737-02), National Science Foundation (Grant G-16526)

Published
2010

14. Communications Biophysics

Author

Gerstein, G. L., Kiang, Nelson Y-S., Blatt, H., Peake, William T., Cummings, F. T., Hall, J. L., II, Braun, A. G., Creasy, R. J., Gerstein, G. L., Kiang, Nelson Y-S., Blatt, H., Peake, William T., Cummings, F. T., Hall, J. L., II, Braun, A. G., and Creasy, R. J.

Abstract

Contains reports on four research projects., U.S. Air Force under Contract AF19(604)-4112

Published
2010

15. Communications Biophysics

Author

Farley, B. G., Ingrao, H. C., Keidel, W. D., Frishkopf, Lawrence S., Sandel, T. T., Peake, William T., Kiang, Nelson Y-S., Keidel, Ursula O., Barlow, J. S., Weiss, Thomas F., Molnar, C. E., Freeman, Margaret Z., Rosenblith, Walter A., Goldstein, M. H., Jr., Farley, B. G., Ingrao, H. C., Keidel, W. D., Frishkopf, Lawrence S., Sandel, T. T., Peake, William T., Kiang, Nelson Y-S., Keidel, Ursula O., Barlow, J. S., Weiss, Thomas F., Molnar, C. E., Freeman, Margaret Z., Rosenblith, Walter A., and Goldstein, M. H., Jr.

Abstract

Contains research objectives and reports on six research projects.

Published
2010

40. How do Tympanic-membrane Perforations Affect Human Middle-ear Sound Transmission?

Author

Voss, Susan E., Rosowski, John J., Merchant, Saumil N., and Peake, William T.

Subjects
TYMPANIC membrane, MIDDLE ear
Abstract

Although tympanic-membrane (TM) perforations are common sequelae of middle-ear disease, the hearing losses they cause have not been accurately determined, largely because additional pathological conditions occur in these ears. Our measurements of acoustic transmission before and after making controlled perforations in cadaver ears show that perforations cause frequency-dependent loss that: (1) is largest at low frequencies; (2) increases as perforation size increases; and (3) does not depend on perforation location. The dominant loss mechanism is the reduction in sound-pressure difference across the TM. Measurements of middle-ear air-space sound pressures show that transmission via direct acoustic stimulation of the oval and round windows is generally negligible. A quantitative model predicts the influence of middle-ear air-space volume on loss; with larger volumes, loss is smaller. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2001
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41. Input impedance of the cochlea in cat.

Author

Lynch, Thomas J., Nedzelnitsky, Victor, and Peake, William T.

Abstract

Tones were delivered directly to the stapes in anesthetized cats after removal of the tympanic membrane, malleus, and incus. Measurements were made of the complex amplitudes of the sound pressure on the stapes PS, stapes velocity VS, and sound pressure in the vestibule PV. From these data, acoustic impedance of the stapes and cochlea ZSC-PS/US, and of the cochlea alone ZC-PV/US were computed (US-volume velocity of the stapes = VS×area of the stapes footplate). Some measurements were made on modified preparations in which (1) holes were drilled into the vestibule and scala tympani, (2) the basal end of the basilar membrane was destroyed, (3) cochlear fluid was removed, or (4) static pressure was applied to the stapes. For frequencies between 0.5 and 5 kHz, ZSC?ZC; this impedance is primarily resistive (|ZC|?1.2×106dyn-s/cm5) and is determined by the basilar membrane and cochlear fluids. For frequencies below 0.3 kHz, |ZSC|>=|ZC| and ZSC is primarily determined by the stiffness of the annular ligament; drying of the ligament or changes in the static pressure difference across the footplate can produce large changes in |ZSC|. For frequencies below 30 Hz, ZC is apparently controlled by the stiffness of the round-window membrane. All of the results can be represented by an network of eight lumped elements in which some of the elements can be associated with specific anatomical structures. Computations indicate that for the cat the sound pressure at the input to the cochlea at behavioral threshold is constant between 1 and 8 kHz, but increases as frequency is decreased below 1 kHz. Apparently, mechanisms within the cochlea (or more centrally) have an important influence on the frequency dependence of behavioral threshold at low frequencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1982
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42. Basilar-membrane motion in the alligator lizard: Its relation to tonotopic organization and frequency selectivity.

Author

Peake, William T. and Ling, Alexander

Abstract

In the alligator lizard the entire basilar membrane is accessible for measurements of its velocity by the Mössbauer method. Tests of the method indicate (1) the Mössbauer source can be placed on the basilar membrane without altering the signal-transmission properties of the cochlea, and (2) the source adheres to the basilar membrane. Isovelocity curves (IVCs) were constructed by plotting (as a function of tone frequency) the sound-pressure level at the tympanic membrane required to produce a specified velocity amplitude. IVCs from 21 lizards for source locations spanning the length of the basilar membrane indicate that basilar-membrane velocity does not vary systematically with longitudinal location as it does in mammalian cochleas. Measurements of velocity waveforms in two lizards do not indicate substantial nonlinearity in the inner-ear mechanical system. The frequency dependence of the basilar-membrane velocity is similar to that of the extrastapes velocity over the range 0.4 to 2 kHz. Thus, the tonotopic organization and frequency selectivity, which have been previously demonstrated in this species in responses of both auditory-nerve fibers and cells of the receptor organ, are apparently not primarily determined by basilar-membrane motion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1980
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43. Efferent Inhibition of Auditory-Nerve Responses: Dependence on Acoustic-Stimulus Parameters.

Author

Wiederhold, Michael L. and Peake, William T.

Abstract

Electrical stimulation of the crossed olivocochlear bundle in anesthetized cats reduces auditory-nerve responses (N1) if the acoustic stimuli are at low sound-pressure levels but does not produce detectable changes in neural responses for click stimuli more than 60 to 70 dB above visual-detection level for N1. When the sound-pressure levels of high-frequency (10 000-Hz) and low frequency (400-Hz) transient acoustic stimuli were matched according to a physiological criterion, the neural response to the high- frequency stimulus was reduced more by olivocochlear bundle stimulation than the response to the low-frequency stimulus. These result, suggest certain characteristics for the mechanisms which influence the activity of single auditory-nerve fibers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1966
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