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Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) and metal ions are integral players in the complex regulatory orchestra governing protein function. Several metal ions, including zinc, iron, copper, and others, intricately influence protein structure and activity as cofactors. Concurrently, PTMs, such as phosphorylation, acetylation, and ubiquitination, add an additional layer of complexity to the proteome, dynamically shaping cellular responses. Understanding this bidirectional relationship is crucial for unraveling the complex web of cellular regulation. This review explores the reciprocal impact of metal ions on PTMs and vice versa and provides examples and insights into how metal ions modulate PTMs and, conversely, how PTMs influence metal‐binding proteins, shedding light on the complex crosstalk between these two crucial facets of cellular biology. This interplay is not only central to cellular homeostasis but also holds implications for diseases associated with dysregulated metal‐ion and PTM processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. The red rhizome of Angiopteris helferiana has been used widely to treat muscle fatigue, bone pain, and skin infection in Nepal. However, scientific evidence for its bioactive compounds and their bioactivities was lacking till January, 2024. Therefore, we investigated to validate and advance the further use and development. Methods. Column chromatography, including MCI gel CHP20P, Sephadex LH‐20, ODS, and Silica gel, was used for the isolation of compounds from 70% methanol extract of A. helferiana rhizomes. The isolated compounds were evaluated for their TLC‐based antioxidant and antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa by adopting the agar well diffusion protocol. Furthermore, in silico molecular docking against the penicillin binding protein of E. coli (PBP1b, PBP2, and PBP3 TPd) and ADME toxicity of the isolated compounds was predicted. Results and Discussion. Angiopteroside (1) and osmundalactone (2) were isolated for the first time from the red rhizomes of A. helferiana. The structure of the isolated compounds was elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic (1H‐, 13C‐, and 13C/DEPT‐NMR) and spectrometric (LC MS/ESI and IR) analyses and comparison with reported literature. Both compounds were inactive towards DPPH scavenging activity. Compound 1 showed poor inhibitory activity against E. coli, with inhibition zone range of 2–7 mm. However, both isolated compounds were found to be resistant against S. aureus, K. pneumonia, and P. aeruginosa. Based on in silico molecular docking forecasting, compound 1 revealed the good binding affinity with PBP1b (−6.5 kcal/mol), PBP2 (−5.8 kcal/mol) and PBP3 TPd (−6.1 kcal/mol) compared to positive control meropenem with PBP1b (−6.6 kcal/mol), PBP2 (−6.9 kcal/mol), and PBP3 TPd (−6.6 kcal/mol). Similarly, compound 2 showed weak preference for PBP1b (−4.3 kcal/mol), PBP2 (−4.4 kcal/mol), and PBP TPd (−4.5 kcal/mol). Compounds 1 and 2 were predicted to be safe in terms of hepatotoxicity, cytotoxicity, mutagenicity, and carcinogenicity, with a potential to induce nephrotoxicity similar to that of meropenem. Conclusion. This study successfully isolates two lactones with antibacterial properties and inspires the researcher to further research, development, and formulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of natural bioactive constituents from various food sources for anticancer purposes has become increasingly popular worldwide. Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) is on the top of the consumed vegetables by the masses. Its raw matrix contains a plethora of phytochemicals, such as glucosinolates and phenolic compounds, along with rich amounts of vitamins, and minerals. Consumption of broccoli-derived phytochemicals provides strong antioxidant effects, particularly due to its sulforaphane content, while modulating numerous molecules involved in cell cycle regulation, control of apoptosis, and tuning enzyme activity. Thus, the inclusion of broccoli in the daily diet lowers the susceptibility to developing cancers. Numerous studies have underlined the undisputable role of broccoli in the diet as a chemopreventive raw food, owing to the content in sulforaphane, an isothiocyanate produced as a result of hydrolysis of precursor glucosinolates called glucoraphanin. This review will provide evidence supporting the specific role of fresh florets and sprouts of broccoli and its key bioactive constituents in the prevention and treatment of different cancers; a number of studies carried out in the in vitro and in vivo conditions as well as clinical trials were analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is an essential component of the electron transport chain. It also acts as an antioxidant in cellular membranes. It can be endogenously produced in all cells by a specialized mitochondrial pathway. CoQ10 deficiency, which can result from aging or insufficient enzyme function, has been considered to increase oxidative stress. Some drugs, including statins and bisphosphonates, often used by older individuals, can interfere with enzymes responsible for endogenous CoQ10 synthesis. Oral supplementation with high doses of CoQ10 can increase both its circulating and intracellular levels and several clinical trials observed that its administration provided beneficial effects on different disorders such as cardiovascular disease and inflammation which have been associated with low CoQ10 levels and high oxidative stress. Moreover, CoQ10 has been suggested as a promising therapeutic agent to prevent and slow the progression of other diseases including metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes, neurodegenerative and male infertility. However, there is still a need for further studies and well-designed clinical trials involving a large number of participants undergoing longer treatments to assess the benefits of CoQ10 for these disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]