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1. Chromatographic separation of radioactive noble gases from xenon

Author

Akerib, DS, Araújo, HM, Bai, X, Bailey, AJ, Balajthy, J, Beltrame, P, Bernard, EP, Bernstein, A, Biesiadzinski, TP, Boulton, EM, Bramante, R, Cahn, SB, Carmona-Benitez, MC, Chan, C, Chiller, AA, Chiller, C, Coffey, T, Currie, A, Cutter, JE, Davison, TJR, Dobi, A, Dobson, JEY, Druszkiewicz, E, Edwards, BN, Faham, CH, Fiorucci, S, Gaitskell, RJ, Gehman, VM, Ghag, C, Gibson, KR, Gilchriese, MGD, Hall, CR, Hanhardt, M, Haselschwardt, SJ, Hertel, SA, Hogan, DP, Horn, M, Huang, DQ, Ignarra, CM, Ihm, M, Jacobsen, RG, Ji, W, Kamdin, K, Kazkaz, K, Khaitan, D, Knoche, R, Larsen, NA, Lee, C, Lenardo, BG, Lesko, KT, Lindote, A, Lopes, MI, Manalaysay, A, Mannino, RL, Marzioni, MF, McKinsey, DN, Mei, D-M, Mock, J, Moongweluwan, M, Morad, JA, Murphy, Nehrkorn, C, Nelson, HN, Neves, F, O’Sullivan, K, Oliver-Mallory, KC, Palladino, KJ, Pease, EK, Pech, K, Phelps, P, Reichhart, L, Rhyne, C, Shaw, S, Shutt, TA, Silva, C, Solovov, VN, Sorensen, P, Stephenson, S, Sumner, TJ, Szydagis, M, Taylor, DJ, Taylor, W, Tennyson, BP, Terman, PA, Tiedt, DR, To, WH, Tripathi, M, Tvrznikova, L, Uvarov, S, Verbus, JR, Webb, RC, White, JT, Whitis, TJ, Witherell, MS, Wolfs, FLH, Yazdani, K, Young, SK, and Zhang, C

Subjects
Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Synchrotrons and Accelerators, Physical Sciences, Xenon, Krypton, Adsorption, Chromatography, Gas Separation, Dark Matter, physics.ins-det, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Astronomical sciences, Particle and high energy physics
Abstract

The Large Underground Xenon (LUX) experiment operates at the Sanford Underground Research Facility to detect nuclear recoils from the hypothetical Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) on a liquid xenon target. Liquid xenon typically contains trace amounts of the noble radioactive isotopes 85Kr and 39Ar that are not removed by the in situ gas purification system. The decays of these isotopes at concentrations typical of research-grade xenon would be a dominant background for a WIMP search experiment. To remove these impurities from the liquid xenon, a chromatographic separation system based on adsorption on activated charcoal was built. 400 kg of xenon was processed, reducing the average concentration of krypton from 130 ppb to 3.5 ppt as measured by a cold-trap assisted mass spectroscopy system. A 50 kg batch spiked to 0.001 g/g of krypton was processed twice and reduced to an upper limit of 0.2 ppt.

Published
2018

2. Chromatographic separation of radioactive noble gases from xenon

Author

LUX Collaboration, Akerib, D. S., Araújo, H. M., Bai, X., Bailey, A. J., Balajthy, J., Beltrame, P., Bernard, E. P., Bernstein, A., Biesiadzinski, T. P., Boulton, E. M., Bramante, R., Cahn, S. B., Carmona-Benitez, M. C., Chan, C., Chiller, A. A., Chiller, C., Coffey, T., Currie, A., Cutter, J. E., Davison, T. J. R., Dobi, A., Dobson, J. E. Y., Druszkiewicz, E., Edwards, B. N., Faham, C. H., Fiorucci, S., Gaitskell, R. J., Gehman, V. M., Ghag, C., Gibson, K. R., Gilchriese, M. G. D., Hall, C. R., Hanhardt, M., Haselschwardt, S. J., Hertel, S. A., Hogan, D. P., Horn, M., Huang, D. Q., Ignarra, C. M., Ihm, M., Jacobsen, R. G., Ji, W., Kamdin, K., Kazkaz, K., Khaitan, D., Knoche, R., Larsen, N. A., Lee, C., Lenardo, B. G., Lesko, K. T., Lindote, A., Lopes, M. I., Manalaysay, A., Mannino, R. L., Marzioni, M. F., McKinsey, D. N., Mei, D. -M., Mock, J., Moongweluwan, M., Morad, J. A., Murphy, A. St. J., Nehrkorn, C., Nelson, H. N., Neves, F., O'Sullivan, K., Oliver-Mallory, K. C., Palladino, K. J., Pease, E. K., Pech, K., Phelps, P., Reichhart, L., Rhyne, C., Shaw, S., Shutt, T. A., Silva, C., Solovov, V. N., Sorensen, P., Stephenson, S., Sumner, T. J., Szydagis, M., Taylor, D. J., Taylor, W., Tennyson, B. P., Terman, P. A., Tiedt, D. R., To, W. H., Tripathi, M., Tvrznikova, L., Uvarov, S., Verbus, J. R., Webb, R. C., White, J. T., Whitis, T. J., Witherell, M. S., Wolfs, F. L. H., Yazdani, K., Young, S. K., and Zhang, C.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

The Large Underground Xenon (LUX) experiment operates at the Sanford Underground Research Facility to detect nuclear recoils from the hypothetical Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) on a liquid xenon target. Liquid xenon typically contains trace amounts of the noble radioactive isotopes $^{85}$Kr and $^{39}$Ar that are not removed by the in situ gas purification system. The decays of these isotopes at concentrations typical of research-grade xenon would be a dominant background for a WIMP search exmperiment. To remove these impurities from the liquid xenon, a chromatographic separation system based on adsorption on activated charcoal was built. 400 kg of xenon was processed, reducing the average concentration of krypton from 130 ppb to 3.5 ppt as measured by a cold-trap assisted mass spectroscopy system. A 50 kg batch spiked to 0.001 g/g of krypton was processed twice and reduced to an upper limit of 0.2 ppt., Comment: Accepted in Astropart. Phys

Published
2016
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3. First Results of the LUX Dark Matter Experiment

Author

Carmona-Benitez, MC, Collaboration, LUX, Akerib, DS, Araújo, HM, Bai, X, Bailey, AJ, Balajthy, J, Beltrame, P, Bernard, E, Bernstein, A, Bradley, A, Byram, D, Cahn, SB, Chan, C, Chapman, JJ, Chiller, AA, Chiller, C, Currie, A, de Viveiros, L, Dobi, A, Dobson, J, Druszkiewicz, E, Edwards, B, Faham, CH, Fiorucci, S, Flores, C, Gaitskell, RJ, Gehman, VM, Ghag, C, Gibson, KR, Gilchriese, MGD, Hall, C, Hanhardt, M, Haselschwardt, S, Hertel, SA, Horn, M, Huang, DQ, Ihm, M, Jacobsen, RG, Kazkaz, K, Knoche, R, Larsen, NA, Lee, C, Lenardo, B, Lesko, KT, Lindote, A, Lopes, MI, Malling, DC, Manalaysay, A, Mannino, R, McKinsey, DN, Mei, D-M, Mock, J, Moongweluwan, M, Morad, J, Murphy, Nehrkorn, C, Nelson, H, Neves, F, Ott, RA, Pangilinan, M, Parker, PD, Pease, EK, Pech, K, Phelps, P, Reichhart, L, Shutt, T, Silva, C, Solovov, VN, Sorensen, P, O'Sullivan, K, Sumner, TJ, Szydagis, M, Taylor, D, Tennyson, B, Tiedt, DR, Tripathi, M, Tvrznikova, L, Uvarov, S, Verbus, JR, Walsh, N, Webb, R, White, JT, Witherell, MS, Wolfs, FLH, Woods, M, and Zhang, C

Subjects
Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Particle and High Energy Physics, Physical Sciences, dark matter, WIMP, liquid xenon, time projection chamber
Abstract

LUX (Large Underground Xenon) is a dark matter direct detection experiment deployed at the 4850' level of the Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF) in Lead, SD, operating a 370 kg dual-phase xenon TPC. Results of the first WIMP search run were presented in late 2013, for the analysis of 85.3 live-days with a fiducial volume of 118 kg, taken during the period of April to August 2013. The experiment exhibited a sensitivity to spin-independent WIMP-nucleon elastic scattering with a minimum upper limit on the cross section of 7.6×10-46cm2 at a WIMP mass of 33 GeV/c2, becoming the world's leading WIMP search result, in conflict with several previous claimed hints of discovery.

Published
2016

4. Radiogenic and Muon-Induced Backgrounds in the LUX Dark Matter Detector

Author

Akerib, D. S., Araujo, H. M., Bai, X., Bailey, A. J., Balajthy, J., Bernard, E., Bernstein, A., Bradley, A., Byram, D., Cahn, S. B., Carmona-Benitez, M. C., Chan, C., Chapman, J. J., Chiller, A. A., Chiller, C., Coffey, T., Currie, A., de Viveiros, L., Dobi, A., Dobson, J., Druszkiewicz, E., Edwards, B., Faham, C. H., Fiorucci, S., Flores, C., Gaitskell, R. J., Gehman, V. M., Ghag, C., Gibson, K. R., Gilchriese, M. G. D., Hall, C., Hertel, S. A., Horn, M., Huang, D. Q., Ihm, M., Jacobsen, R. G., Kazkaz, K., Knoche, R., Larsen, N. A., Lee, C., Lindote, A., Lopes, M. I., Malling, D. C., Mannino, R., McKinsey, D. N., Mei, D. -M., Mock, J., Moongweluwan, M., Morad, J., Murphy, A. St. J., Nehrkorn, C., Nelson, H., Neves, F., Ott, R. A., Pangilinan, M., Parker, P. D., Pease, E. K., Pech, K., Phelps, P., Reichhart, L., Shutt, T., Silva, C., Solovov, V. N., Sorensen, P., O'Sullivan, K., Sumner, T. J., Szydagis, M., Taylor, D., Tennyson, B., Tiedt, D. R., Tripathi, M., Uvarov, S., Verbus, J. R., Walsh, N., Webb, R., White, J. T., Witherell, M. S., Wolfs, F. L. H., Woods, M., and Zhang, C.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

The Large Underground Xenon (LUX) dark matter experiment aims to detect rare low-energy interactions from Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs). The radiogenic backgrounds in the LUX detector have been measured and compared with Monte Carlo simulation. Measurements of LUX high-energy data have provided direct constraints on all background sources contributing to the background model. The expected background rate from the background model for the 85.3 day WIMP search run is $(2.6\pm0.2_{\textrm{stat}}\pm0.4_{\textrm{sys}})\times10^{-3}$~events~keV$_{ee}^{-1}$~kg$^{-1}$~day$^{-1}$ in a 118~kg fiducial volume. The observed background rate is $(3.6\pm0.4_{\textrm{stat}})\times10^{-3}$~events~keV$_{ee}^{-1}$~kg$^{-1}$~day$^{-1}$, consistent with model projections. The expectation for the radiogenic background in a subsequent one-year run is presented., Comment: 18 pages, 12 figures / 17 images, submitted to Astropart. Phys

Published
2014
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5. A Detailed Look at the First Results from the Large Underground Xenon (LUX) Dark Matter Experiment

Author

Szydagis, M., Akerib, D. S., Araujo, H. M., Bai, X., Bailey, A. J., Balajthy, J., Bernard, E., Bernstein, A., Bradley, A., Byram, D., Cahn, S. B., Carmona-Benitez, M. C., Chan, C., Chapman, J. J., Chiller, A. A., Chiller, C., Coffey, T., Currie, A., de Viveiros, L., Dobi, A., Dobson, J., Druszkiewicz, E., Edwards, B., Faham, C. H., Fiorucci, S., Flores, C., Gaitskell, R. J., Gehman, V. M., Ghag, C., Gibson, K. R., Gilchriese, M. G. D., Hall, C., Hertel, S. A., Horn, M., Huang, D. Q., Ihm, M., Jacobsen, R. G., Kazkaz, K., Knoche, R., Larsen, N. A., Lee, C., Lindote, A., Lopes, M. I., Malling, D. C., Mannino, R., McKinsey, D. N., Mei, D. -M., Mock, J., Moongweluwan, M., Morad, J., Murphy, A. St. J., Nehrkorn, C., Nelson, H., Neves, F., Ott, R. A., Pangilinan, M., Parker, P. D., Pease, E. K., Pech, K., Phelps, P., Reichhart, L., Shutt, T., Silva, C., Solovov, V. N., Sorensen, P., O'Sullivan, K., Sumner, T., Taylor, D., Tennyson, B., Tiedt, D. R., Tripathi, M., Uvarov, S., Verbus, J. R., Walsh, N., Webb, R., White, J. T., Witherell, M. S., Wolfs, F. L. H., Woods, M., and Zhang, C.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

LUX, the world's largest dual-phase xenon time-projection chamber, with a fiducial target mass of 118 kg and 10,091 kg-days of exposure thus far, is currently the most sensitive direct dark matter search experiment. The initial null-result limit on the spin-independent WIMP-nucleon scattering cross-section was released in October 2013, with a primary scintillation threshold of 2 phe, roughly 3 keVnr for LUX. The detector has been deployed at the Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF) in Lead, South Dakota, and is the first experiment to achieve a limit on the WIMP cross-section lower than $10^{-45}$ cm$^{2}$. Here we present a more in-depth discussion of the novel energy scale employed to better understand the nuclear recoil light and charge yields, and of the calibration sources, including the new internal tritium source. We found the LUX data to be in conflict with low-mass WIMP signal interpretations of other results., Comment: 16 pages, 3 figures, to appear in the proceedings of The 10th International Symposium on Cosmology and Particle Astrophysics (CosPA2013); fixed author list and added info on new calibration

Published
2014

6. Results from the LUX dark matter experiment

Author

Horn, M, Akerib, DS, Araújo, HM, Bai, X, Bailey, AJ, Balajthy, J, Bernard, E, Bernstein, A, Bradley, A, Byram, D, Cahn, SB, Carmona-Benitez, MC, Chan, C, Chapman, JJ, Chiller, AA, Chiller, C, Currie, A, De Viveiros, L, Dobi, A, Dobson, J, Druszkiewicz, E, Edwards, B, Faham, CH, Fiorucci, S, Flores, C, Gaitskell, RJ, Gehman, VM, Ghag, C, Gibson, KR, Gilchriese, MGD, Hall, C, Hanhardt, M, Haselschwardt, S, Hertel, SA, Huang, DQ, Ihm, M, Jacobsen, RG, Kazkaz, K, Knoche, R, Larsen, NA, Lee, C, Lenardo, B, Lesko, KT, Lindote, A, Lopes, MI, Malling, DC, Mannino, R, McKinsey, DN, Mei, DM, Mock, J, Moongweluwan, M, Morad, J, Murphy, ASJ, Nehrkorn, C, Nelson, H, Neves, F, Ott, RA, Pangilinan, M, Parker, PD, Pease, EK, Pech, K, Phelps, P, Reichhart, L, Shutt, T, Silva, C, Solovov, VN, Sorensen, P, O'Sullivan, K, Sumner, TJ, Szydagis, M, Taylor, D, Tennyson, B, Tiedt, DR, Tripathi, M, Uvarov, S, Verbus, JR, Walsh, N, Webb, R, White, JT, Witherell, MS, Wolfs, FLH, Woods, M, and Zhang, C

Subjects
Astronomical and Space Sciences, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Other Physical Sciences, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Nuclear and plasma physics
Abstract

The LUX (Large Underground Xenon) experiment aims at the direct detection of dark matter particles via their collisions with xenon nuclei. The 370 kg two-phase liquid xenon time projection chamber measures simultaneously the scintillation and ionization from interactions in the target. The ratio of these two signals provides very good discrimination between potential nuclear recoil and electronic recoil signals to search for WIMP-nucleon scattering. The LUX detector operates at the Sanford Underground Research Facility (Lead, South Dakota, USA) since February 2013. First results were presented in late 2013 setting the world's most stringent limits on WIMP-nucleon scattering cross-sections over a wide range of WIMP masses. A 300 day run beginning in 2014 will further improve the sensitivity and new calibration techniques will reduce systematics for the WIMP signal search.

Published
2015

7. Results from the LUX dark matter experiment

Author

Horn, Markus, Akerib, DS, Araújo, HM, Bai, X, Bailey, AJ, Balajthy, J, Bernard, E, Bernstein, A, Bradley, A, Byram, D, Cahn, SB, Carmona-Benitez, MC, Chan, C, Chapman, JJ, Chiller, AA, Chiller, C, Currie, A, de Viveiros, L, Dobi, A, Dobson, J, Druszkiewicz, E, Edwards, B, Faham, CH, Fiorucci, S, Flores, C, Gaitskell, RJ, Gehman, VM, Ghag, C, Gibson, KR, Gilchriese, MGD, Hall, C, Hanhardt, M, Haselschwardt, S, Hertel, SA, Huang, DQ, Ihm, M, Jacobsen, RG, Kazkaz, K, Knoche, R, Larsen, NA, Lee, C, Lenardo, B, Lesko, KT, Lindote, A, Lopes, MI, Malling, DC, Mannino, R, McKinsey, DN, Mei, D-M, Mock, J, Moongweluwan, M, Morad, J, Murphy, Nehrkorn, C, Nelson, H, Neves, F, Ott, RA, Pangilinan, M, Parker, PD, Pease, EK, Pech, K, Phelps, P, Reichhart, L, Shutt, T, Silva, C, Solovov, VN, Sorensen, P, O׳Sullivan, K, Sumner, TJ, Szydagis, M, Taylor, D, Tennyson, B, Tiedt, DR, Tripathi, M, Uvarov, S, Verbus, JR, Walsh, N, Webb, R, White, JT, Witherell, MS, Wolfs, FLH, Woods, M, Zhang, C, and Collaboration, On behalf of the LUX

Subjects
Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Particle and High Energy Physics, Synchrotrons and Accelerators, Physical Sciences, Dark matter, WIMP, Liquid xenon, Time projection chamber, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Other Physical Sciences, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Nuclear and plasma physics
Abstract

© 2014 Elsevier B.V. The LUX (Large Underground Xenon) experiment aims at the direct detection of dark matter particles via their collisions with xenon nuclei. The 370. kg two-phase liquid xenon time projection chamber measures simultaneously the scintillation and ionization from interactions in the target. The ratio of these two signals provides very good discrimination between potential nuclear recoil and electronic recoil signals to search for WIMP-nucleon scattering. The LUX detector operates at the Sanford Underground Research Facility (Lead, South Dakota, USA) since February 2013. First results were presented in late 2013 setting the world's most stringent limits on WIMP-nucleon scattering cross-sections over a wide range of WIMP masses. A 300 day run beginning in 2014 will further improve the sensitivity and new calibration techniques will reduce systematics for the WIMP signal search.

Published
2015

8. Radiogenic and muon-induced backgrounds in the LUX dark matter detector

Author

Akerib, DS, Araújo, HM, Bai, X, Bailey, AJ, Balajthy, J, Bernard, E, Bernstein, A, Bradley, A, Byram, D, Cahn, SB, Carmona-Benitez, MC, Chan, C, Chapman, JJ, Chiller, AA, Chiller, C, Coffey, T, Currie, A, de Viveiros, L, Dobi, A, Dobson, J, Druszkiewicz, E, Edwards, B, Faham, CH, Fiorucci, S, Flores, C, Gaitskell, RJ, Gehman, VM, Ghag, C, Gibson, KR, Gilchriese, MGD, Hall, C, Hertel, SA, Horn, M, Huang, DQ, Ihm, M, Jacobsen, RG, Kazkaz, K, Knoche, R, Larsen, NA, Lee, C, Lindote, A, Lopes, MI, Malling, DC, Mannino, R, McKinsey, DN, Mei, D-M, Mock, J, Moongweluwan, M, Morad, J, Murphy, Nehrkorn, C, Nelson, H, Neves, F, Ott, RA, Pangilinan, M, Parker, PD, Pease, EK, Pech, K, Phelps, P, Reichhart, L, Shutt, T, Silva, C, Solovov, VN, Sorensen, P, O’Sullivan, K, Sumner, TJ, Szydagis, M, Taylor, D, Tennyson, B, Tiedt, DR, Tripathi, M, Uvarov, S, Verbus, JR, Walsh, N, Webb, R, White, JT, Witherell, MS, Wolfs, FLH, Woods, M, and Zhang, C

Subjects
Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Particle and High Energy Physics, Physical Sciences, LUX, Dark matter, Radioactive background, Material screening, Simulation, astro-ph.IM, physics.ins-det, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Astronomical sciences, Particle and high energy physics
Abstract

The Large Underground Xenon (LUX) dark matter experiment aims to detect rare low-energy interactions from Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs). The radiogenic backgrounds in the LUX detector have been measured and compared with Monte Carlo simulation. Measurements of LUX high-energy data have provided direct constraints on all background sources contributing to the background model. The expected background rate from the background model for the 85.3 day WIMP search run is (2.6±0.2stat±0.4sys) ×10-3 events keVee-1kg-1day-1 in a 118 kg fiducial volume. The observed background rate is (3.6±0.4 stat)×10-3 events keVee-1kg-1day- 1, consistent with model projections. The expectation for the radiogenic background in a subsequent one-year run is presented. © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Published
2015

9. Radon-related Backgrounds in the LUX Dark Matter Search

Author

Bradley, A, Akerib, DS, Araújo, HM, Bai, X, Bailey, AJ, Balajthy, J, Bernard, E, Bernstein, A, Byram, D, Cahn, SB, Carmona-Benitez, MC, Chan, C, Chapman, JJ, Chiller, AA, Chiller, C, Coffey, T, Currie, A, de Viveiros, L, Dobi, A, Dobson, J, Druszkiewicz, E, Edwards, B, Faham, CH, Fiorucci, S, Flores, C, Gaitskell, RJ, Gehman, VM, Ghag, C, Gibson, KR, Gilchriese, MGD, Hall, C, Hertel, SA, Horn, M, Huang, DQ, Ihm, M, Jacobsen, RG, Kazkaz, K, Knoche, R, Larsen, NA, Lee, C, Lindote, A, Lopes, MI, Malling, DC, Mannino, R, McKinsey, DN, Mei, D-M, Mock, J, Moongweluwan, M, Morad, J, Murphy, A St J, Nehrkorn, C, Nelson, H, Neves, F, Ott, RA, Pangilinan, M, Parker, PD, Pease, EK, Pech, K, Phelps, P, Reichhart, L, Shutt, T, Silva, C, Solovov, VN, Sorensen, P, O'Sullivan, K, Sumner, TJ, Szydagis, M, Taylor, D, Tennyson, B, Tiedt, DR, Tripathi, M, Uvarov, S, Verbus, JR, Walsh, N, Webb, R, White, JT, Witherell, MS, Wolfs, FLH, Woods, M, and Zhang, C

Subjects
dark matter, liquid noble detectors, xenon, radon, background characterization
Abstract

The LUX detector is currently in operation at the Davis Campus at the 4850' level of the Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF) in Lead, SD to directly search for WIMP dark matter. Knowing the type and rate of backgrounds is critical in a rare, low energy event search, and LUX was designed, constructed, and deployed to mitigate backgrounds, both internal and external. An important internal background are decays of radon and its daughters. These consist of alpha decays, which are easily tagged and are a tracer of certain backgrounds, and beta decays, some of which are not as readily tagged and present a background for the WIMP search. We report on studies of alpha decay and discuss implications for the WIMP search.

Published
2015

10. The LUX Experiment

Author

Akerib, DS, Araújo, HM, Bai, X, Bailey, AJ, Balajthy, J, Bernard, E, Bernstein, A, Bradley, A, Byram, D, Cahn, SB, Carmona-Benitez, MC, Chan, C, Chapman, JJ, Chiller, AA, Chiller, C, Coffey, T, Currie, A, de Viveiros, L, Dobi, A, Dobson, J, Druszkiewicz, E, Edwards, B, Faham, CH, Fiorucci, S, Flores, C, Gaitskell, RJ, Gehman, VM, Ghag, C, Gibson, KR, Gilchriese, MGD, Hall, C, Hertel, SA, Horn, M, Huang, DQ, Ihm, M, Jacobsen, RG, Kazkaz, K, Knoche, R, Larsen, NA, Lee, C, Lindote, A, Lopes, MI, Malling, DC, Mannino, R, McKinsey, DN, Mei, D-M, Mock, J, Moongweluwan, M, Morad, J, Murphy, A St J, Nehrkorn, C, Nelson, H, Neves, F, Ott, RA, Pangilinan, M, Parker, PD, Pease, EK, Pech, K, Phelps, P, Reichhart, L, Shutt, T, Silva, C, Solovov, VN, Sorensen, P, O'Sullivan, K, Sumner, TJ, Szydagis, M, Taylor, D, Tennyson, B, Tiedt, DR, Tripathi, M, Uvarov, S, Verbus, JR, Walsh, N, Webb, R, White, JT, Witherell, MS, Wolfs, FLH, Woods, M, and Zhang, C

Subjects
Liquid xenon detectors, Dark matter, WIMP, Direct detection
Abstract

We present the status and prospects of the LUX experiment, which employs approximately 300 kg of two-phase xenon to search for WIMP dark matter interactions. The LUX detector was commissioned at the surface laboratory of the Sanford Underground Research Facility in Lead, SD, between December 2011 and February 2012 and the detector has been operating underground since January, 2013. These proceedings review the results of the commissioning run as well as the status of underground data-taking through the summer of 2013.

Published
2015

11. First results from the LUX dark matter experiment at the Sanford Underground Research Facility

Author

LUX Collaboration, Akerib, D. S., Araujo, H. M., Bai, X., Bailey, A. J., Balajthy, J., Bedikian, S., Bernard, E., Bernstein, A., Bolozdynya, A., Bradley, A., Byram, D., Cahn, S. B., Carmona-Benitez, M. C., Chan, C., Chapman, J. J., Chiller, A. A., Chiller, C., Clark, K., Coffey, T., Currie, A., Curioni, A., Dazeley, S., de Viveiros, L., Dobi, A., Dobson, J., Dragowsky, E. M., Druszkiewicz, E., Edwards, B., Faham, C. H., Fiorucci, S., Flores, C., Gaitskell, R. J., Gehman, V. M., Ghag, C., Gibson, K. R., Gilchriese, M. G. D., Hall, C., Hanhardt, M., Hertel, S. A., Horn, M., Huang, D. Q., Ihm, M., Jacobsen, R. G., Kastens, L., Kazkaz, K., Knoche, R., Kyre, S., Lander, R., Larsen, N. A., Lee, C., Leonard, D. S., Lesko, K. T., Lindote, A., Lopes, M. I., Lyashenko, A., Malling, D. C., Mannino, R., McKinsey, D. N., Mei, D. -M., Mock, J., Moongweluwan, M., Morad, J., Morii, M., Murphy, A. St. J., Nehrkorn, C., Nelson, H., Neves, F., Nikkel, J. A., Ott, R. A., Pangilinan, M., Parker, P. D., Pease, E. K., Pech, K., Phelps, P., Reichhart, L., Shutt, T., Silva, C., Skulski, W., Sofka, C. J., Solovov, V. N., Sorensen, P., Stiegler, T., O`Sullivan, K., Sumner, T. J., Svoboda, R., Sweany, M., Szydagis, M., Taylor, D., Tennyson, B., Tiedt, D. R., Tripathi, M., Uvarov, S., Verbus, J. R., Walsh, N., Webb, R., White, J. T., White, D., Witherell, M. S., Wlasenko, M., Wolfs, F. L. H., Woods, M., and Zhang, C.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

The Large Underground Xenon (LUX) experiment, a dual-phase xenon time-projection chamber operating at the Sanford Underground Research Facility (Lead, South Dakota), was cooled and filled in February 2013. We report results of the first WIMP search dataset, taken during the period April to August 2013, presenting the analysis of 85.3 live-days of data with a fiducial volume of 118 kg. A profile-likelihood analysis technique shows our data to be consistent with the background-only hypothesis, allowing 90% confidence limits to be set on spin-independent WIMP-nucleon elastic scattering with a minimum upper limit on the cross section of $7.6 \times 10^{-46}$ cm$^{2}$ at a WIMP mass of 33 GeV/c$^2$. We find that the LUX data are in strong disagreement with low-mass WIMP signal interpretations of the results from several recent direct detection experiments., Comment: Accepted by Phys. Rev. Lett. Appendix A included as supplementary material with PRL article

Published
2013
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12. The Large Underground Xenon (LUX) Experiment

Author

Akerib, D. S., Bai, X., Bedikian, S., Bernard, E., Bernstein, A., Bolozdynya, A., Bradley, A., Byram, D., Cahn, S. B., Camp, C., Carmona-Benitez, M. C., Carr, D., Chapman, J. J., Chiller, A., Chiller, C., Clark, K., Classen, T., Coffey, T., Curioni, A., Dahl, E., Dazeley, S., de Viveiros, L., Dobi, A., Dragowsky, E., Druszkiewicz, E., Edwards, B., Faham, C. H., Fiorucci, S., Gaitskell, R. J., Gibson, K. R., Gilchriese, M., Hall, C., Hanhardt, M., Holbrook, B., Ihm, M., Jacobsen, R. G., Kastens, L., Kazkaz, K., Knoche, R., Kyre, S., Kwong, J., Lander, R., Larsen, N. A., Lee, C., Leonard, D. S., Lesko, K. T., Lindote, A., Lopes, M. I., Lyashenko, A., Malling, D. C., Mannino, R., Marquez, Z., McKinsey, D. N., Mei, D. -M., Mock, J., Moongweluwan, M., Morii, M., Nelson, H., Neves, F., Nikkel, J. A., Pangilinan, M., Parker, P. D., Pease, E. K., Pech, K., Phelps, P., Rodionov, A., Roberts, P., Shei, A., Shutt, T., Silva, C., Skulski, W., Solovov, V. N., Sofka, C. J., Sorensen, P., Spaans, J., Stiegler, T., Stolp, D., Svoboda, R., Sweany, M., Szydagis, M., Taylor, D., Thomson, J., Tripathi, M., Uvarov, S., Verbus, J. R., Walsh, N., Webb, R., White, D., White, J. T., Whitis, T. J., Wlasenko, M., Wolfs, F. L. H., Woods, M., and Zhang, C.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

The Large Underground Xenon (LUX) collaboration has designed and constructed a dual-phase xenon detector, in order to conduct a search for Weakly Interacting Massive Particles(WIMPs), a leading dark matter candidate. The goal of the LUX detector is to clearly detect (or exclude) WIMPS with a spin independent cross section per nucleon of $2\times 10^{-46}$ cm$^{2}$, equivalent to $\sim$1 event/100 kg/month in the inner 100-kg fiducial volume (FV) of the 370-kg detector. The overall background goals are set to have $<$1 background events characterized as possible WIMPs in the FV in 300 days of running. This paper describes the design and construction of the LUX detector., Comment: 50 pages, 16 figures

Published
2012
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13. Technical Results from the Surface Run of the LUX Dark Matter Experiment

Author

LUX Collaboration, Akerib, D. S., Bai, X., Bernard, E., Bernstein, A., Bradley, A., Byram, D., Cahn, S. B., Carmona-Benitez, M. C., Chapman, J. J., Coffey, T., Dobi, A., Dragowsky, E., Druszkiewicz, E., Edwards, B., Faham, C. H., Fiorucci, S., Gaitskell, R. J., Gibson, K. R., Gilchriese, M., Hall, C., Hanhardt, M., Ihm, M., Jacobsen, R. G., Kastens, L., Kazkaz, K., Knoche, R., Larsen, N., Lee, C., Lesko, K. T., Lindote, A., Lopes, M. I., Lyashenko, A., Malling, D. C., Mannino, R., McKinsey, D. N., Mei, D., Mock, J., Moongweluwan, M., Morii, M., Nelson, H., Neves, F., Nikkel, J. A., Pangilinan, M., Pech, K., Phelps, P., Rodionov, A., Shutt, T., Silva, C., Skulski, W., Solovov, V. N., Sorensen, P., Stiegler, T., Sweany, M., Szydagis, M., Taylor, D., Tripathi, M., Uvarov, S., Verbus, J. R., de Viveiros, L., Walsh, N., Webb, R., White, J. T., Wlasenko, M., Wolfs, F. L. H., Woods, M., and Zhang, C.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

We present the results of the three-month above-ground commissioning run of the Large Underground Xenon (LUX) experiment at the Sanford Underground Research Facility located in Lead, South Dakota, USA. LUX is a 370 kg liquid xenon detector that will search for cold dark matter in the form of Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs). The commissioning run, conducted with the detector immersed in a water tank, validated the integration of the various sub-systems in preparation of the underground deployment. Using the data collected, we report excellent light collection properties, achieving 8.4 photoelectrons per keV for 662 keV electron recoils without an applied electric field, measured in the center of the WIMP target. We also find good energy and position resolution in relatively high-energy interactions from a variety of internal and external sources. Finally, we have used the commissioning data to tune the optical properties of our simulation and report updated sensitivity projections for spin-independent WIMP-nucleon scattering.

Published
2012
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14. An Ultra-Low Background PMT for Liquid Xenon Detectors

Author

Akerib, D. S., Bai, X., Bernard, E., Bernstein, A., Bradley, A., Byram, D., Cahn, S. B., Carmona-Benitez, M. C., Carr, D., Chapman, J. J., Chan, Y-D., Clark, K., Coffey, T., deViveiros, L., Dragowsky, M., Druszkiewicz, E., Edwards, B., Faham, C. H., Fiorucci, S., Gaitskell, R. J., Gibson, K. R., Hall, C., Hanhardt, M., Holbrook, B., Ihm, M., Jacobsen, R. G., Kastens, L., Kazkaz, K., Larsen, N., Lee, C., Lesko, K., Lindote, A., Lopes, M. I., Lyashenko, A., Malling, D. C., Mannino, R., McKinsey, D., Mei, D., Mock, J., Morii, M., Nelson, H., Neves, F., Nikkel, J. A., Pangilinan, M., Pech, K., Phelps, P., Shutt, T., Silva, C., Skulski, W., Solovov, V. N., Sorensen, P., Spaans, J., Stiegler, T., Sweany, M., Szydagis, M., Taylor, D., Thomson, J., Tripathi, M., Uvarov, S., Verbus, J. R., Walsh, N., Webb, R., White, J. T., Wlasenko, M., Wolfs, F. L. H., Woods, M., and Zhang, C.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

Results are presented from radioactivity screening of two models of photomultiplier tubes designed for use in current and future liquid xenon experiments. The Hamamatsu 5.6 cm diameter R8778 PMT, used in the LUX dark matter experiment, has yielded a positive detection of four common radioactive isotopes: 238U, 232Th, 40K, and 60Co. Screening of LUX materials has rendered backgrounds from other detector materials subdominant to the R8778 contribution. A prototype Hamamatsu 7.6 cm diameter R11410 MOD PMT has also been screened, with benchmark isotope counts measured at <0.4 238U / <0.3 232Th / <8.3 40K / 2.0+-0.2 60Co mBq/PMT. This represents a large reduction, equal to a change of \times 1/24 238U / \times 1/9 232Th / \times 1/8 40K per PMT, between R8778 and R11410 MOD, concurrent with a doubling of the photocathode surface area (4.5 cm to 6.4 cm diameter). 60Co measurements are comparable between the PMTs, but can be significantly reduced in future R11410 MOD units through further material selection. Assuming PMT activity equal to the measured 90% upper limits, Monte Carlo estimates indicate that replacement of R8778 PMTs with R11410 MOD PMTs will change LUX PMT electron recoil background contributions by a factor of \times1/25 after further material selection for 60Co reduction, and nuclear recoil backgrounds by a factor of \times 1/36. The strong reduction in backgrounds below the measured R8778 levels makes the R11410 MOD a very competitive technology for use in large-scale liquid xenon detectors., Comment: v2 updated to include content after reviewer comments (Sep 2012)

Published
2012
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15. First Results from the LUX Dark Matter Experiment at the Sanford Underground Research Facility

Author

Akerib, DS, Araújo, HM, Bai, X, Bailey, AJ, Balajthy, J, Bedikian, S, Bernard, E, Bernstein, A, Bolozdynya, A, Bradley, A, Byram, D, Cahn, SB, Carmona-Benitez, MC, Chan, C, Chapman, JJ, Chiller, AA, Chiller, C, Clark, K, Coffey, T, Currie, A, Curioni, A, Dazeley, S, de Viveiros, L, Dobi, A, Dobson, J, Dragowsky, EM, Druszkiewicz, E, Edwards, B, Faham, CH, Fiorucci, S, Flores, C, Gaitskell, RJ, Gehman, VM, Ghag, C, Gibson, KR, Gilchriese, MGD, Hall, C, Hanhardt, M, Hertel, SA, Horn, M, Huang, DQ, Ihm, M, Jacobsen, RG, Kastens, L, Kazkaz, K, Knoche, R, Kyre, S, Lander, R, Larsen, NA, Lee, C, Leonard, DS, Lesko, KT, Lindote, A, Lopes, MI, Lyashenko, A, Malling, DC, Mannino, R, McKinsey, DN, Mei, D-M, Mock, J, Moongweluwan, M, Morad, J, Morii, M, Murphy, A St J, Nehrkorn, C, Nelson, H, Neves, F, Nikkel, JA, Ott, RA, Pangilinan, M, Parker, PD, Pease, EK, Pech, K, Phelps, P, Reichhart, L, Shutt, T, Silva, C, Skulski, W, Sofka, CJ, Solovov, VN, Sorensen, P, Stiegler, T, O'Sullivan, K, Sumner, TJ, Svoboda, R, Sweany, M, Szydagis, M, Taylor, D, Tennyson, B, Tiedt, DR, Tripathi, M, Uvarov, S, Verbus, JR, Walsh, N, Webb, R, White, JT, White, D, Witherell, MS, Wlasenko, M, and Wolfs, FLH

Subjects
Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Particle and High Energy Physics, Physical Sciences, LUX Collaboration, astro-ph.CO, astro-ph.IM, hep-ex, physics.ins-det, Mathematical Sciences, Engineering, General Physics, Mathematical sciences, Physical sciences
Abstract

The Large Underground Xenon (LUX) experiment is a dual-phase xenon time-projection chamber operating at the Sanford Underground Research Facility (Lead, South Dakota). The LUX cryostat was filled for the first time in the underground laboratory in February 2013. We report results of the first WIMP search data set, taken during the period from April to August 2013, presenting the analysis of 85.3 live days of data with a fiducial volume of 118 kg. A profile-likelihood analysis technique shows our data to be consistent with the background-only hypothesis, allowing 90% confidence limits to be set on spin-independent WIMP-nucleon elastic scattering with a minimum upper limit on the cross section of 7.6 × 10(-46) cm(2) at a WIMP mass of 33 GeV/c(2). We find that the LUX data are in disagreement with low-mass WIMP signal interpretations of the results from several recent direct detection experiments.

Published
2014

16. A Detailed Look at the First Results from the Large Underground Xenon (LUX) Dark Matter Experiment

Author

Szydagis, M, Akerib, DS, Araujo, HM, Bai, X, Bailey, AJ, Balajthy, J, Bernard, E, Bernstein, A, Bradley, A, Byram, D, Cahn, SB, Carmona-Benitez, MC, Chan, C, Chapman, JJ, Chiller, AA, Chiller, C, Coffey, T, Currie, A, Viveiros, L de, Dobi, A, Dobson, J, Druszkiewicz, E, Edwards, B, Faham, CH, Fiorucci, S, Flores, C, Gaitskell, RJ, Gehman, VM, Ghag, C, Gibson, KR, Gilchriese, MGD, Hall, C, Hertel, SA, Horn, M, Huang, DQ, Ihm, M, Jacobsen, RG, Kazkaz, K, Knoche, R, Larsen, NA, Lee, C, Lindote, A, Lopes, MI, Malling, DC, Mannino, R, McKinsey, DN, Mei, D-M, Mock, J, Moongweluwan, M, Morad, J, Murphy, A St J, Nehrkorn, C, Nelson, H, Neves, F, Ott, RA, Pangilinan, M, Parker, PD, Pease, EK, Pech, K, Phelps, P, Reichhart, L, Shutt, T, Silva, C, Solovov, VN, Sorensen, P, O'Sullivan, K, Sumner, T, Taylor, D, Tennyson, B, Tiedt, DR, Tripathi, M, Uvarov, S, Verbus, JR, Walsh, N, Webb, R, White, JT, Witherell, MS, Wolfs, FLH, Woods, M, and Zhang, C

Subjects
hep-ex, astro-ph.CO, astro-ph.IM, physics.ins-det
Abstract

LUX, the world's largest dual-phase xenon time-projection chamber, with afiducial target mass of 118 kg and 10,091 kg-days of exposure thus far, iscurrently the most sensitive direct dark matter search experiment. The initialnull-result limit on the spin-independent WIMP-nucleon scattering cross-sectionwas released in October 2013, with a primary scintillation threshold of 2 phe,roughly 3 keVnr for LUX. The detector has been deployed at the SanfordUnderground Research Facility (SURF) in Lead, South Dakota, and is the firstexperiment to achieve a limit on the WIMP cross-section lower than $10^{-45}$cm$^{2}$. Here we present a more in-depth discussion of the novel energy scaleemployed to better understand the nuclear recoil light and charge yields, andof the calibration sources, including the new internal tritium source. We foundthe LUX data to be in conflict with low-mass WIMP signal interpretations ofother results.

Published
2014

17. Direct search for dark matter with two-phase xenon detectors: Current status of LUX and plans for LZ

Author

Akerib, DS, Araújo, HM, Bai, X, Bailey, AJ, Balajthy, J, Bernard, E, Bernstein, A, Bradley, A, Byram, D, Cahn, SB, Carmona-Benitez, MC, Chan, C, Chapman, JJ, Chiller, AA, Chiller, C, Coffey, T, Currie, A, De Viveiros, L, Dobi, A, Dobson, J, Druszkiewicz, E, Edwards, B, Faham, CH, Fiorucci, S, Flores, C, Gaitskell, RJ, Gehman, VM, Ghag, C, Gibson, KR, Gilchriese, MGD, Hall, C, Hertel, SA, Horn, M, Huang, DQ, Ihm, M, Jacobsen, RG, Kazkaz, K, Knoche, R, Larsen, NA, Lee, C, Lenardo, B, Lesko, KT, Lindote, A, Lopes, MI, Malling, DC, Man-Nino, R, McKinsey, DN, Mei, DM, Mock, J, Moongweluwan, M, Morad, J, Murphy, ASJ, Nehrkorn, C, Nelson, H, Neves, F, Ott, RA, Pangilinan, M, Parker, PD, Pease, EK, Pech, K, Phelps, P, Reichhart, L, Shutt, T, Silva, C, Solovov, VN, Sorensen, P, O'Sullivan, K, Sumner, TJ, Szydagis, M, Tay-Lor, D, Tennyson, B, Tiedt, DR, Tripathi, M, Uvarov, S, Verbus, JR, Walsh, N, Webb, R, White, JT, Witherell, MS, Wolfs, FLH, Woods, M, and Zhang, C

Abstract

The search for dark matter reaches back generations and remains one of the most compelling endeavors in the hunt for physics beyond the Standard Model. Experiments attempting to directly detect WIMP dark matter have made re-markable progress in increasing sensitivity to elastic scattering of WIMPs on nuclei. The LUX experiment is a 370-kg, two-phase, xenon TPC currently running at SURF, 4850 feet below Lead, SD. LUX recently completed its first science run and was sensitive to spin independent WIMP scattering at cross sections below 10-45 cm2 for WIMP masses of approximately 20 to 80 GeV. Preparations for the final science run of LUX are currently underway, with final results expected in 2015. We will present results from and current status of the LUX experiment, as well as plans for a follow-on, multi-ton-scale xenon experiment at SURF.

Published
2014

18. Results from the LUX dark matter experiment

Author

Horn, M, Akerib, DS, Arau jo, HM, Bai, X, Bailey, AJ, Balajthy, J, Bernard, E, Bernstein, A, Bradley, A, Byram, D, Cahn, SB, Carmona-Benitez, MC, Chan, C, Chapman, JJ, Chiller, AA, Chiller, C, Currie, A, de Viveiros, L, Dobi, A, Dobson, J, Druszkiewicz, E, Edwards, B, Faham, CH, Fiorucci, S, Flores, C, Gaitskell, RJ, Gehman, VM, Ghag, C, Gibson, KR, Gilchriese, MGD, Hall, C, Hanhardt, M, Haselschwardt, S, Hertel, SA, Huang, DQ, Ihm, M, Jacobsen, RG, Kazkaz, K, Knoche, R, Larsen, NA, Lee, C, Lenardo, B, Lesko, KT, Lindote, A, Lopes, MI, Malling, DC, Mannino, R, McKinsey, DN, Mei, DM, Mock, J, Moongweluwan, M, Morad, J, Murphy, ASJ, Nehrkorn, C, Nelson, H, Neves, F, Ott, RA, Pangilinan, M, Parker, PD, Pease, EK, Pech, K, Phelps, P, Reichhart, L, Shutt, T, Silva, C, Solovov, VN, Sorensen, P, O'Sullivan, K, Sumner, TJ, Szydagis, M, Taylor, D, Tennyson, B, Tiedt, DR, Tripathi, M, Uvarov, S, Verbus, JR, Walsh, N, Webb, R, White, JT, Witherell, MS, Wolfs, FLH, Woods, M, and Zhang, C

Subjects
Dark matter, WIMP, Liquid xenon, Time projection chamber, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Other Physical Sciences
Abstract

© 2014 Elsevier B.V. The LUX (Large Underground Xenon) experiment aims at the direct detection of dark matter particles via their collisions with xenon nuclei. The 370. kg two-phase liquid xenon time projection chamber measures simultaneously the scintillation and ionization from interactions in the target. The ratio of these two signals provides very good discrimination between potential nuclear recoil and electronic recoil signals to search for WIMP-nucleon scattering. The LUX detector operates at the Sanford Underground Research Facility (Lead, South Dakota, USA) since February 2013. First results were presented in late 2013 setting the world's most stringent limits on WIMP-nucleon scattering cross-sections over a wide range of WIMP masses. A 300 day run beginning in 2014 will further improve the sensitivity and new calibration techniques will reduce systematics for the WIMP signal search.

Published
2014

19. Chromatographic separation of radioactive noble gases from xenon

Author

Akerib, D.S., Araújo, H.M., Bai, X., Bailey, A.J., Balajthy, J., Beltrame, P., Bernard, E.P., Bernstein, A., Biesiadzinski, T.P., Boulton, E.M., Bramante, R., Cahn, S.B., Carmona-Benitez, M.C., Chan, C., Chiller, A.A., Chiller, C., Coffey, T., Currie, A., Cutter, J.E., Davison, T.J.R., Dobi, A., Dobson, J.E.Y., Druszkiewicz, E., Edwards, B.N., Faham, C.H., Fiorucci, S., Gaitskell, R.J., Gehman, V.M., Ghag, C., Gibson, K.R., Gilchriese, M.G.D., Hall, C.R., Hanhardt, M., Haselschwardt, S.J., Hertel, S.A., Hogan, D.P., Horn, M., Huang, D.Q., Ignarra, C.M., Ihm, M., Jacobsen, R.G., Ji, W., Kamdin, K., Kazkaz, K., Khaitan, D., Knoche, R., Larsen, N.A., Lee, C., Lenardo, B.G., Lesko, K.T., Lindote, A., Lopes, M.I., Manalaysay, A., Mannino, R.L., Marzioni, M.F., McKinsey, D.N., Mei, D.-M., Mock, J., Moongweluwan, M., Morad, J.A., Murphy, A.St.J., Nehrkorn, C., Nelson, H.N., Neves, F., O’Sullivan, K., Oliver-Mallory, K.C., Palladino, K.J., Pease, E.K., Pech, K., Phelps, P., Reichhart, L., Rhyne, C., Shaw, S., Shutt, T.A., Silva, C., Solovov, V.N., Sorensen, P., Stephenson, S., Sumner, T.J., Szydagis, M., Taylor, D.J., Taylor, W., Tennyson, B.P., Terman, P.A., Tiedt, D.R., To, W.H., Tripathi, M., Tvrznikova, L., Uvarov, S., Verbus, J.R., Webb, R.C., White, J.T., Whitis, T.J., Witherell, M.S., Wolfs, F.L.H., Yazdani, K., Young, S.K., and Zhang, C.

Published
2018
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20. Technical results from the surface run of the LUX dark matter experiment

Author

Akerib, DS, Bai, X, Bernard, E, Bernstein, A, Bradley, A, Byram, D, Cahn, SB, Carmona-Benitez, MC, Chapman, JJ, Coffey, T, Dobi, A, Dragowsky, E, Druszkiewicz, E, Edwards, B, Faham, CH, Fiorucci, S, Gaitskell, RJ, Gibson, KR, Gilchriese, M, Hall, C, Hanhardt, M, Ihm, M, Jacobsen, RG, Kastens, L, Kazkaz, K, Knoche, R, Larsen, N, Lee, C, Lesko, KT, Lindote, A, Lopes, MI, Lyashenko, A, Malling, DC, Mannino, R, McKinsey, DN, Mei, D, Mock, J, Moongweluwan, M, Morii, M, Nelson, H, Neves, F, Nikkel, JA, Pangilinan, M, Pech, K, Phelps, P, Rodionov, A, Shutt, T, Silva, C, Skulski, W, Solovov, VN, Sorensen, P, Stiegler, T, Sweany, M, Szydagis, M, Taylor, D, Tripathi, M, Uvarov, S, Verbus, JR, de Viveiros, L, Walsh, N, Webb, R, White, JT, Wlasenko, M, Wolfs, FLH, Woods, M, and Zhang, C

Subjects
Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Particle and High Energy Physics, Physical Sciences, Liquid xenon detectors, Dark matter, WIMP, Direct detection, astro-ph.IM, hep-ex, hep-ph, physics.ins-det, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Astronomical sciences, Particle and high energy physics
Abstract

We present the results of the three-month above-ground commissioning run of the Large Underground Xenon (LUX) experiment at the Sanford Underground Research Facility located in Lead, South Dakota, USA. LUX is a 370 kg liquid xenon detector that will search for cold dark matter in the form of Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs). The commissioning run, conducted with the detector immersed in a water tank, validated the integration of the various sub-systems in preparation for the underground deployment. Using the data collected, we report excellent light collection properties, achieving 8.4 photoelectrons per keV for 662 keV electron recoils without an applied electric field, measured in the center of the WIMP target. We also find good energy and position resolution in relatively high-energy interactions from a variety of internal and external sources. Finally, we have used the commissioning data to tune the optical properties of our simulation and report updated sensitivity projections for spin-independent WIMP-nucleon scattering. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Published
2013

21. The Large Underground Xenon (LUX) experiment

Author

Akerib, DS, Bai, X, Bedikian, S, Bernard, E, Bernstein, A, Bolozdynya, A, Bradley, A, Byram, D, Cahn, SB, Camp, C, Carmona-Benitez, MC, Carr, D, Chapman, JJ, Chiller, A, Chiller, C, Clark, K, Classen, T, Coffey, T, Curioni, A, Dahl, E, Dazeley, S, de Viveiros, L, Dobi, A, Dragowsky, E, Druszkiewicz, E, Edwards, B, Faham, CH, Fiorucci, S, Gaitskell, RJ, Gibson, KR, Gilchriese, M, Hall, C, Hanhardt, M, Holbrook, B, Ihm, M, Jacobsen, RG, Kastens, L, Kazkaz, K, Knoche, R, Kyre, S, Kwong, J, Lander, R, Larsen, NA, Lee, C, Leonard, DS, Lesko, KT, Lindote, A, Lopes, MI, Lyashenko, A, Malling, DC, Mannino, R, Marquez, Z, McKinsey, DN, Mei, D-M, Mock, J, Moongweluwan, M, Morii, M, Nelson, H, Neves, F, Nikkel, JA, Pangilinan, M, Parker, PD, Pease, EK, Pech, K, Phelps, P, Rodionov, A, Roberts, P, Shei, A, Shutt, T, Silva, C, Skulski, W, Solovov, VN, Sofka, CJ, Sorensen, P, Spaans, J, Stiegler, T, Stolp, D, Svoboda, R, Sweany, M, Szydagis, M, Taylor, D, Thomson, J, Tripathi, M, Uvarov, S, Verbus, JR, Walsh, N, Webb, R, White, D, White, JT, Whitis, TJ, Wlasenko, M, Wolfs, FLH, Woods, M, and Zhang, C

Subjects
Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Particle and High Energy Physics, Physical Sciences, Dark matter detectors, Liquid xenon, physics.ins-det, hep-ex, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Other Physical Sciences, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Nuclear and plasma physics
Abstract

The Large Underground Xenon (LUX) collaboration has designed and constructed a dual-phase xenon detector, in order to conduct a search for Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs), a leading dark matter candidate. The goal of the LUX detector is to clearly detect (or exclude) WIMPS with a spin independent cross-section per nucleon of 2×10-46cm2, equivalent to ∼1event/100kg/month in the inner 100-kg fiducial volume (FV) of the 370-kg detector. The overall background goals are set to have

Published
2013

22. First Results of the LUX Dark Matter Experiment

Author

Akerib, D.S., Araújo, H.M., Bai, X., Bailey, A.J., Balajthy, J., Beltrame, P., Bernard, E., Bernstein, A., Bradley, A., Byram, D., Cahn, S.B., Chan, C., Chapman, J.J., Chiller, A.A., Chiller, C., Currie, A., de Viveiros, L., Dobi, A., Dobson, J., Druszkiewicz, E., Edwards, B., Faham, C.H., Fiorucci, S., Flores, C., Gaitskell, R.J., Gehman, V.M., Ghag, C., Gibson, K.R., Gilchriese, M.G.D., Hall, C., Hanhardt, M., Haselschwardt, S., Hertel, S.A., Horn, M., Huang, D.Q., Ihm, M., Jacobsen, R.G., Kazkaz, K., Knoche, R., Larsen, N.A., Lee, C., Lenardo, B., Lesko, K.T., Lindote, A., Lopes, M.I., Malling, D.C., Manalaysay, A., Mannino, R., McKinsey, D.N., Mei, D.-M., Mock, J., Moongweluwan, M., Morad, J., Murphy, A.St.J., Nehrkorn, C., Nelson, H., Neves, F., Ott, R.A., Pangilinan, M., Parker, P.D., Pease, E.K., Pech, K., Phelps, P., Reichhart, L., Shutt, T., Silva, C., Solovov, V.N., Sorensen, P., O'Sullivan, K., Sumner, T.J., Szydagis, M., Taylor, D., Tennyson, B., Tiedt, D.R., Tripathi, M., Tvrznikova, L., Uvarov, S., Verbus, J.R., Walsh, N., Webb, R., White, J.T., Witherell, M.S., Wolfs, F.L.H., Woods, M., Zhang, C., and Carmona-Benitez, M.C.

Published
2016
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23. Radiogenic and muon-induced backgrounds in the LUX dark matter detector

Author

Akerib, D.S., Araújo, H.M., Bai, X., Bailey, A.J., Balajthy, J., Bernard, E., Bernstein, A., Bradley, A., Byram, D., Cahn, S.B., Carmona-Benitez, M.C., Chan, C., Chapman, J.J., Chiller, A.A., Chiller, C., Coffey, T., Currie, A., de Viveiros, L., Dobi, A., Dobson, J., Druszkiewicz, E., Edwards, B., Faham, C.H., Fiorucci, S., Flores, C., Gaitskell, R.J., Gehman, V.M., Ghag, C., Gibson, K.R., Gilchriese, M.G.D., Hall, C., Hertel, S.A., Horn, M., Huang, D.Q., Ihm, M., Jacobsen, R.G., Kazkaz, K., Knoche, R., Larsen, N.A., Lee, C., Lindote, A., Lopes, M.I., Malling, D.C., Mannino, R., McKinsey, D.N., Mei, D.-M., Mock, J., Moongweluwan, M., Morad, J., Murphy, A.St.J., Nehrkorn, C., Nelson, H., Neves, F., Ott, R.A., Pangilinan, M., Parker, P.D., Pease, E.K., Pech, K., Phelps, P., Reichhart, L., Shutt, T., Silva, C., Solovov, V.N., Sorensen, P., O’Sullivan, K., Sumner, T.J., Szydagis, M., Taylor, D., Tennyson, B., Tiedt, D.R., Tripathi, M., Uvarov, S., Verbus, J.R., Walsh, N., Webb, R., White, J.T., Witherell, M.S., Wolfs, F.L.H., Woods, M., and Zhang, C.

Published
2015
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24. Radon-related Backgrounds in the LUX Dark Matter Search

Author

Bradley, A., Akerib, D.S., Araújo, H.M., Bai, X., Bailey, A.J., Balajthy, J., Bernard, E., Bernstein, A., Byram, D., Cahn, S.B., Carmona-Benitez, M.C., Chan, C., Chapman, J.J., Chiller, A.A., Chiller, C., Coffey, T., Currie, A., de Viveiros, L., Dobi, A., Dobson, J., Druszkiewicz, E., Edwards, B., Faham, C.H., Fiorucci, S., Flores, C., Gaitskell, R.J., Gehman, V.M., Ghag, C., Gibson, K.R., Gilchriese, M.G.D., Hall, C., Hertel, S.A., Horn, M., Huang, D.Q., Ihm, M., Jacobsen, R.G., Kazkaz, K., Knoche, R., Larsen, N.A., Lee, C., Lindote, A., Lopes, M.I., Malling, D.C., Mannino, R., McKinsey, D.N., Mei, D.-M., Mock, J., Moongweluwan, M., Morad, J., Murphy, A.St.J., Nehrkorn, C., Nelson, H., Neves, F., Ott, R.A., Pangilinan, M., Parker, P.D., Pease, E.K., Pech, K., Phelps, P., Reichhart, L., Shutt, T., Silva, C., Solovov, V.N., Sorensen, P., O'Sullivan, K., Sumner, T.J., Szydagis, M., Taylor, D., Tennyson, B., Tiedt, D.R., Tripathi, M., Uvarov, S., Verbus, J.R., Walsh, N., Webb, R., White, J.T., Witherell, M.S., Wolfs, F.L.H., Woods, M., and Zhang, C.

Published
2015
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25. The LUX Experiment

Author

Akerib, D.S., Araújo, H.M., Bai, X., Bailey, A.J., Balajthy, J., Bernard, E., Bernstein, A., Bradley, A., Byram, D., Cahn, S.B., Carmona-Benitez, M.C., Chan, C., Chapman, J.J., Chiller, A.A., Chiller, C., Coffey, T., Currie, A., de Viveiros, L., Dobi, A., Dobson, J., Druszkiewicz, E., Edwards, B., Faham, C.H., Fiorucci, S., Flores, C., Gaitskell, R.J., Gehman, V.M., Ghag, C., Gibson, K.R., Gilchriese, M.G.D., Hall, C., Hertel, S.A., Horn, M., Huang, D.Q., Ihm, M., Jacobsen, R.G., Kazkaz, K., Knoche, R., Larsen, N.A., Lee, C., Lindote, A., Lopes, M.I., Malling, D.C., Mannino, R., McKinsey, D.N., Mei, D.-M., Mock, J., Moongweluwan, M., Morad, J., Murphy, A.St.J., Nehrkorn, C., Nelson, H., Neves, F., Ott, R.A., Pangilinan, M., Parker, P.D., Pease, E.K., Pech, K., Phelps, P., Reichhart, L., Shutt, T., Silva, C., Solovov, V.N., Sorensen, P., O'Sullivan, K., Sumner, T.J., Szydagis, M., Taylor, D., Tennyson, B., Tiedt, D.R., Tripathi, M., Uvarov, S., Verbus, J.R., Walsh, N., Webb, R., White, J.T., Witherell, M.S., Wolfs, F.L.H., Woods, M., and Zhang, C.

Published
2015
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26. Technical results from the surface run of the LUX dark matter experiment

Author

Akerib, D.S., Bai, X., Bernard, E., Bernstein, A., Bradley, A., Byram, D., Cahn, S.B., Carmona-Benitez, M.C., Chapman, J.J., Coffey, T., Dobi, A., Dragowsky, E., Druszkiewicz, E., Edwards, B., Faham, C.H., Fiorucci, S., Gaitskell, R.J., Gibson, K.R., Gilchriese, M., Hall, C., Hanhardt, M., Ihm, M., Jacobsen, R.G., Kastens, L., Kazkaz, K., Knoche, R., Larsen, N., Lee, C., Lesko, K.T., Lindote, A., Lopes, M.I., Lyashenko, A., Malling, D.C., Mannino, R., McKinsey, D.N., Mei, D., Mock, J., Moongweluwan, M., Morii, M., Nelson, H., Neves, F., Nikkel, J.A., Pangilinan, M., Pech, K., Phelps, P., Rodionov, A., Shutt, T., Silva, C., Skulski, W., Solovov, V.N., Sorensen, P., Stiegler, T., Sweany, M., Szydagis, M., Taylor, D., Tripathi, M., Uvarov, S., Verbus, J.R., de Viveiros, L., Walsh, N., Webb, R., White, J.T., Wlasenko, M., Wolfs, F.L.H., Woods, M., and Zhang, C.

Published
2013
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30. A Detailed Look at the First Results from the Large Underground Xenon (LUX) Dark Matter Experiment

Author

Szydagis, M, Akerib, DS, Araujo, HM, Bai, X, Bailey, AJ, Balajthy, J, Bernard, E, Bernstein, A, Bradley, A, Byram, D, Cahn, SB, Carmona-Benitez, MC, Chan, C, Chapman, JJ, Chiller, AA, Chiller, C, Coffey, T, Currie, A, Viveiros, L de, Dobi, A, Dobson, J, Druszkiewicz, E, Edwards, B, Faham, CH, Fiorucci, S, Flores, C, Gaitskell, RJ, Gehman, VM, Ghag, C, Gibson, KR, Gilchriese, MGD, Hall, C, Hertel, SA, Horn, M, Huang, DQ, Ihm, M, Jacobsen, RG, Kazkaz, K, Knoche, R, Larsen, NA, Lee, C, Lindote, A, Lopes, MI, Malling, DC, Mannino, R, McKinsey, DN, Mei, D-M, Mock, J, Moongweluwan, M, Morad, J, Murphy, A St J, Nehrkorn, C, Nelson, H, Neves, F, Ott, RA, Pangilinan, M, Parker, PD, Pease, EK, Pech, K, Phelps, P, Reichhart, L, Shutt, T, Silva, C, Solovov, VN, Sorensen, P, O'Sullivan, K, Sumner, T, Taylor, D, Tennyson, B, Tiedt, DR, Tripathi, M, Uvarov, S, Verbus, JR, Walsh, N, Webb, R, White, JT, Witherell, MS, Wolfs, FLH, Woods, M, and Zhang, C

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), hep-ex, astro-ph.CO, FOS: Physical sciences, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), physics.ins-det, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, astro-ph.IM
Abstract

LUX, the world's largest dual-phase xenon time-projection chamber, with a fiducial target mass of 118 kg and 10,091 kg-days of exposure thus far, is currently the most sensitive direct dark matter search experiment. The initial null-result limit on the spin-independent WIMP-nucleon scattering cross-section was released in October 2013, with a primary scintillation threshold of 2 phe, roughly 3 keVnr for LUX. The detector has been deployed at the Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF) in Lead, South Dakota, and is the first experiment to achieve a limit on the WIMP cross-section lower than $10^{-45}$ cm$^{2}$. Here we present a more in-depth discussion of the novel energy scale employed to better understand the nuclear recoil light and charge yields, and of the calibration sources, including the new internal tritium source. We found the LUX data to be in conflict with low-mass WIMP signal interpretations of other results., Comment: 16 pages, 3 figures, to appear in the proceedings of The 10th International Symposium on Cosmology and Particle Astrophysics (CosPA2013); fixed author list and added info on new calibration

Published
2018

32. Sequential loss of myelin proteins during Wallerian degeneration in the human spinal cord

Author

Buss, A., Pech, K., Merkler, D., Kakulas, B. A., Martin, D., Schoenen, J., Noth, J., Schwab, M. E., Brook, G. A., Buss, A., Pech, K., Merkler, D., Kakulas, B. A., Martin, D., Schoenen, J., Noth, J., Schwab, M. E., and Brook, G. A.

Abstract

Axons undergo Wallerian degeneration (WD) distal to a point of injury. In the lesioned PNS, WD may be followed by successful axonal regeneration and functional recovery. However, in the lesioned mammalian CNS, there is no significant axonal regeneration. Myelin-associated proteins (MAPs) have been shown to play significant roles in preventing axonal regeneration in the CNS. Since relatively little is known about such events in human CNS pathologies, we performed an immunohistochemical investigation on the temporal changes of four MAPs during WD in post-mortem spinal cords of 22 patients who died 2 days to 30 years after either cerebral infarction or traumatic spinal cord injury. In contrast to experimental studies in rats, the loss of myelin sheaths is greatly delayed in humans and continues slowly over a number of years. However, in agreement with animal data, a sequential loss of myelin proteins was found which was dependent on their location within the myelin sheath. Myelin proteins situated on the peri-axonal membrane were the first to be lost, the time course correlating with the loss of axonal markers. Proteins located within compact myelin or on the outer myelin membrane were still detectable 3 years after injury in degenerating fibre tracts, long after the disappearance of the corresponding axons. The persistence of axon growth-inhibitory proteins such as NOGO-A in degenerating nerve fibre tracts may contribute to the maintenance of an environment that is hostile to axon regeneration, long after the initial injury. The present data highlight the importance of correlating the well documented, lesion-induced changes that take place in controlled laboratory investigations with those that take place in the clinical domain

Published
2017

36. Direct search for dark matter with two-phase xenon detectors: Current status of LUX and plans for LZ

Author

Akerib, D. S., Araújo, H. M., Bai, X., Bailey, A. J., Balajthy, J., Bernard, E., Bernstein, A., Bradley, A., Byram, D., Cahn, S. B., Carmona-Benitez, M. C., Chan, C., Chapman, J. J., Chiller, A. A., Chiller, C., Coffey, T., Currie, A., Viveiros, L., Dobi, A., Dobson, J., Druszkiewicz, E., Edwards, B., Faham, C. H., Fiorucci, S., Flores, C., Gaitskell, R. J., Gehman, V. M., Ghag, C., Gibson, K. R., Gilchriese, M. G. D., Hall, C., Hertel, S. A., Horn, M., Huang, D. Q., Ihm, M., Jacobsen, R. G., Kazkaz, K., Knoche, R., Larsen, N. A., Lee, C., Lenardo, B., Lesko, K. T., Lindote, A., Lopes, M. I., Malling, D. C., Man-Nino, R., Mckinsey, D. N., Mei, D. -M, Mock, J., Moongweluwan, M., Morad, J., Murphy, A. St J., Nehrkorn, C., Nelson, H., Neves, F., Ott, R. A., Pangilinan, M., Parker, P. D., Pease, E. K., Pech, K., Phelps, P., Reichhart, L., Shutt, T., Claudio Silva, Solovov, V. N., Sorensen, P., O Sullivan, K., Sumner, T. J., Szydagis, M., Tay-Lor, D., Tennyson, B., Tiedt, D. R., Tripathi, M., Uvarov, S., Verbus, J. R., Walsh, N., Webb, R., White, J. T., Witherell, M. S., Wolfs, F. L. H., Woods, M., and Zhang, C.

Abstract

The search for dark matter reaches back generations and remains one of the most compelling endeavors in the hunt for physics beyond the Standard Model. Experiments attempting to directly detect WIMP dark matter have made re-markable progress in increasing sensitivity to elastic scattering of WIMPs on nuclei. The LUX experiment is a 370-kg, two-phase, xenon TPC currently running at SURF, 4850 feet below Lead, SD. LUX recently completed its first science run and was sensitive to spin independent WIMP scattering at cross sections below 10-45 cm2 for WIMP masses of approximately 20 to 80 GeV. Preparations for the final science run of LUX are currently underway, with final results expected in 2015. We will present results from and current status of the LUX experiment, as well as plans for a follow-on, multi-ton-scale xenon experiment at SURF.

Published
2014

37. First Results of the LUX Dark Matter Experiment

Author

Carmona-Benitez, M.C., primary, Akerib, D.S., additional, Araújo, H.M., additional, Bai, X., additional, Bailey, A.J., additional, Balajthy, J., additional, Beltrame, P., additional, Bernard, E., additional, Bernstein, A., additional, Bradley, A., additional, Byram, D., additional, Cahn, S.B., additional, Chan, C., additional, Chapman, J.J., additional, Chiller, A.A., additional, Chiller, C., additional, Currie, A., additional, de Viveiros, L., additional, Dobi, A., additional, Dobson, J., additional, Druszkiewicz, E., additional, Edwards, B., additional, Faham, C.H., additional, Fiorucci, S., additional, Flores, C., additional, Gaitskell, R.J., additional, Gehman, V.M., additional, Ghag, C., additional, Gibson, K.R., additional, Gilchriese, M.G.D., additional, Hall, C., additional, Hanhardt, M., additional, Haselschwardt, S., additional, Hertel, S.A., additional, Horn, M., additional, Huang, D.Q., additional, Ihm, M., additional, Jacobsen, R.G., additional, Kazkaz, K., additional, Knoche, R., additional, Larsen, N.A., additional, Lee, C., additional, Lenardo, B., additional, Lesko, K.T., additional, Lindote, A., additional, Lopes, M.I., additional, Malling, D.C., additional, Manalaysay, A., additional, Mannino, R., additional, McKinsey, D.N., additional, Mei, D.-M., additional, Mock, J., additional, Moongweluwan, M., additional, Morad, J., additional, Murphy, A.St.J., additional, Nehrkorn, C., additional, Nelson, H., additional, Neves, F., additional, Ott, R.A., additional, Pangilinan, M., additional, Parker, P.D., additional, Pease, E.K., additional, Pech, K., additional, Phelps, P., additional, Reichhart, L., additional, Shutt, T., additional, Silva, C., additional, Solovov, V.N., additional, Sorensen, P., additional, O'Sullivan, K., additional, Sumner, T.J., additional, Szydagis, M., additional, Taylor, D., additional, Tennyson, B., additional, Tiedt, D.R., additional, Tripathi, M., additional, Tvrznikova, L., additional, Uvarov, S., additional, Verbus, J.R., additional, Walsh, N., additional, Webb, R., additional, White, J.T., additional, Witherell, M.S., additional, Wolfs, F.L.H., additional, Woods, M., additional, and Zhang, C., additional

Published
2016
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38. Results from the LUX dark matter experiment

Author

Horn, Markus, primary, Akerib, D.S, additional, Araújo, H.M., additional, Bai, X., additional, Bailey, A.J., additional, Balajthy, J., additional, Bernard, E., additional, Bernstein, A., additional, Bradley, A., additional, Byram, D., additional, Cahn, S.B., additional, Carmona-Benitez, M.C., additional, Chan, C., additional, Chapman, J.J., additional, Chiller, A.A., additional, Chiller, C., additional, Currie, A., additional, de Viveiros, L., additional, Dobi, A., additional, Dobson, J., additional, Druszkiewicz, E., additional, Edwards, B., additional, Faham, C.H., additional, Fiorucci, S., additional, Flores, C., additional, Gaitskell, R.J., additional, Gehman, V.M., additional, Ghag, C., additional, Gibson, K.R., additional, Gilchriese, M.G.D., additional, Hall, C., additional, Hanhardt, M., additional, Haselschwardt, S., additional, Hertel, S.A., additional, Huang, D.Q., additional, Ihm, M., additional, Jacobsen, R.G., additional, Kazkaz, K., additional, Knoche, R., additional, Larsen, N.A., additional, Lee, C., additional, Lenardo, B., additional, Lesko, K.T., additional, Lindote, A., additional, Lopes, M.I., additional, Malling, D.C., additional, Mannino, R., additional, McKinsey, D.N., additional, Mei, D.-M., additional, Mock, J., additional, Moongweluwan, M., additional, Morad, J., additional, Murphy, A.St.J., additional, Nehrkorn, C., additional, Nelson, H., additional, Neves, F., additional, Ott, R.A., additional, Pangilinan, M., additional, Parker, P.D., additional, Pease, E.K., additional, Pech, K., additional, Phelps, P., additional, Reichhart, L., additional, Shutt, T., additional, Silva, C., additional, Solovov, V.N., additional, Sorensen, P., additional, O׳Sullivan, K., additional, Sumner, T.J., additional, Szydagis, M., additional, Taylor, D., additional, Tennyson, B., additional, Tiedt, D.R., additional, Tripathi, M., additional, Uvarov, S., additional, Verbus, J.R., additional, Walsh, N., additional, Webb, R., additional, White, J.T., additional, Witherell, M.S., additional, Wolfs, F.L.H., additional, Woods, M., additional, and Zhang, C., additional

Published
2015
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40. The Large Underground Xenon (LUX) experiment

Author

Akerib, D.S., primary, Bai, X., additional, Bedikian, S., additional, Bernard, E., additional, Bernstein, A., additional, Bolozdynya, A., additional, Bradley, A., additional, Byram, D., additional, Cahn, S.B., additional, Camp, C., additional, Carmona-Benitez, M.C., additional, Carr, D., additional, Chapman, J.J., additional, Chiller, A., additional, Chiller, C., additional, Clark, K., additional, Classen, T., additional, Coffey, T., additional, Curioni, A., additional, Dahl, E., additional, Dazeley, S., additional, de Viveiros, L., additional, Dobi, A., additional, Dragowsky, E., additional, Druszkiewicz, E., additional, Edwards, B., additional, Faham, C.H., additional, Fiorucci, S., additional, Gaitskell, R.J., additional, Gibson, K.R., additional, Gilchriese, M., additional, Hall, C., additional, Hanhardt, M., additional, Holbrook, B., additional, Ihm, M., additional, Jacobsen, R.G., additional, Kastens, L., additional, Kazkaz, K., additional, Knoche, R., additional, Kyre, S., additional, Kwong, J., additional, Lander, R., additional, Larsen, N.A., additional, Lee, C., additional, Leonard, D.S., additional, Lesko, K.T., additional, Lindote, A., additional, Lopes, M.I., additional, Lyashenko, A., additional, Malling, D.C., additional, Mannino, R., additional, Marquez, Z., additional, McKinsey, D.N., additional, Mei, D.-M., additional, Mock, J., additional, Moongweluwan, M., additional, Morii, M., additional, Nelson, H., additional, Neves, F., additional, Nikkel, J.A., additional, Pangilinan, M., additional, Parker, P.D., additional, Pease, E.K., additional, Pech, K., additional, Phelps, P., additional, Rodionov, A., additional, Roberts, P., additional, Shei, A., additional, Shutt, T., additional, Silva, C., additional, Skulski, W., additional, Solovov, V.N., additional, Sofka, C.J., additional, Sorensen, P., additional, Spaans, J., additional, Stiegler, T., additional, Stolp, D., additional, Svoboda, R., additional, Sweany, M., additional, Szydagis, M., additional, Taylor, D., additional, Thomson, J., additional, Tripathi, M., additional, Uvarov, S., additional, Verbus, J.R., additional, Walsh, N., additional, Webb, R., additional, White, D., additional, White, J.T., additional, Whitis, T.J., additional, Wlasenko, M., additional, Wolfs, F.L.H., additional, Woods, M., additional, and Zhang, C., additional

Published
2013
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46. TGF-ß1 and TGF-ß2 expression after traumatic human spinal cord injury.

Author

Buss A, Pech K, Kakulas BA, Martin D, Schoenen J, Noth J, and Brook GA

Abstract

STUDY DESIGN: Immunohistochemical investigation in control and lesioned human spinal cords. OBJECTIVES: To assess the spatial and temporal expression patterns of transforming growth factor-beta1 and -beta2 (TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta2) in the human spinal cord after traumatic injury. SETTING: Germany, Aachen, Aachen University Hospital. METHODS: Sections from human spinal cords from 4 control patients and from 14 patients who died at different time points after traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) were investigated immunohistochemically. RESULTS: In control cases, TGF-beta1 was confined to occasional blood vessels, intravascular monocytes and some motoneurons, whereas TGF-beta2 was only found in intravascular monocytes. After traumatic SCI, TGF-beta1 immunoreactivity was dramatically upregulated by 2 days after injury (the earliest survival time investigated) and was detected within neurons, astrocytes and invading macrophages. The staining was most intense over the first weeks after injury but gradually declined by 1 year. TGF-beta2 immunoreactivity was first detected 24 days after injury. It was located in macrophages and astrocytes and remained elevated for up to 1 year. In white matter tracts undergoing Wallerian degeneration, there was no induction of either isoform. CONCLUSION: The early induction of TGF-beta1 at the point of SCI suggests a role in the acute inflammatory response and formation of the glial scar, while the later induction of TGF-beta2 may indicate a role in the maintenance of the scar. Neither of these TGF-beta isoforms appears to contribute to the astrocytic scar formation in nerve fibre tracts undergoing Wallerian degeneration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2008
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47. TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 expression after traumatic human spinal cord injury.

Author

Buss, A., Pech, K., Kakulas, B. A., Martin, D., Schoenen, J., Noth, J., and Brook, G. A.

Subjects
TRANSFORMING growth factors-beta, SPINAL cord injuries, NEURODEGENERATION, SCARS
Abstract

Study design:Immunohistochemical investigation in control and lesioned human spinal cords.Objectives:To assess the spatial and temporal expression patterns of transforming growth factor-β1 and -β2 (TGF-β1 and TGF-β2) in the human spinal cord after traumatic injury.Setting:Germany, Aachen, Aachen University Hospital.Methods:Sections from human spinal cords from 4 control patients and from 14 patients who died at different time points after traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) were investigated immunohistochemically.Results:In control cases, TGF-β1 was confined to occasional blood vessels, intravascular monocytes and some motoneurons, whereas TGF-β2 was only found in intravascular monocytes. After traumatic SCI, TGF-β1 immunoreactivity was dramatically upregulated by 2 days after injury (the earliest survival time investigated) and was detected within neurons, astrocytes and invading macrophages. The staining was most intense over the first weeks after injury but gradually declined by 1 year. TGF-β2 immunoreactivity was first detected 24 days after injury. It was located in macrophages and astrocytes and remained elevated for up to 1 year. In white matter tracts undergoing Wallerian degeneration, there was no induction of either isoform.Conclusion:The early induction of TGF-β1 at the point of SCI suggests a role in the acute inflammatory response and formation of the glial scar, while the later induction of TGF-β2 may indicate a role in the maintenance of the scar. Neither of these TGF-β isoforms appears to contribute to the astrocytic scar formation in nerve fibre tracts undergoing Wallerian degeneration.Spinal Cord (2008) 46, 364–371; doi:10.1038/sj.sc.3102148; published online 27 November 2007 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2008
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48. Development of a Retracting Vane/Centrifugal Main Fuel Pump for Gas Turbine Engines

Author

Pech, K. H. and Downing, N. L.

Abstract

Fuel pumps and metering systems are becoming more complex and expensive to meet the high performance requirements of advanced gas turbine engines. A simple, inlet throttled, centrifugal pump integrated with a retracting vane starting element provides the potential for a reliable, high performance design capable of reducing the cost, weight, and temperature rise of the fuel system. This paper presents the results of recent efforts to develop the retracting vane element and to integrate it with a vapor core centrifugal pump in order to meet the fuel performance and functional requirements of an advanced gas turbine main fuel pump.

Published
1976
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49. Development of a Retractable Vane Starting Pump Integrated within a Vapor Core Fuel Pump. Turbine Engine Technology Demonstrator Component Development Program, Project 668A. Controls Development Program (Part 5).

Author

GENERAL MOTORS CORP INDIANAPOLIS IND DETROIT DIESEL ALLISON DIV, Downing,N. L., Pech,K. H., Jahrstorfer,G. W., GENERAL MOTORS CORP INDIANAPOLIS IND DETROIT DIESEL ALLISON DIV, Downing,N. L., Pech,K. H., and Jahrstorfer,G. W.

Abstract

This report documents a conceptual development program, the bulk of which was performed by Chandler-Evans Controls Systems Division of Colt Industries as sub-contractor to the Detroit Diesel Allison, Div. of GMC. This Air Force funded program demonstrates the feasibility of integrating a starting fuel pump with an existing centrifugal pump to serve as a main engine fuel pump for a joint technology demonstrator turbofan engine. A retracting vane concept was designed to provide starting fuel flow up to a speed where the vanes retract and the vapor core pump takes over. An inlet throttle valve controls pump output to meet engine demand. The combined pump was fabricated and tested at all speeds up to and including max speed of 28000 rpm and met light off, transition and max flow and pressure requirements. Weight and cost estimates are 50% of present-state-of-the art pumps. This report contains detailed design information and preliminary test results that dictated redesign and the final successful test results. In addition to favorable cost and weight estimates, appreciable reduction of fuel heating is demonstrated due to its inlet throttled non-bypassing operating mode. (Author)

Published
1975

50. A Detailed Look at the First Results from the Large Underground Xenon (LUX) Dark Matter Experiment

Author

Matthew Szydagis, Akerib, D. S., Araujo, H. M., Bai, X., Bailey, A. J., Balajthy, J., Bernard, E., Bernstein, A., Bradley, A., Byram, D., Cahn, S. B., Carmona-Benitez, M. C., Chan, C., Chapman, J. J., Chiller, A. A., Chiller, C., Coffey, T., Currie, A., Viveiros, L., Dobi, A., Dobson, J., Druszkiewicz, E., Edwards, B., Faham, C. H., Fiorucci, S., Flores, C., Gaitskell, R. J., Gehman, V. M., Ghag, C., Gibson, K. R., Gilchriese, M. G. D., Carter Hall, Hertel, S. A., Horn, M., Huang, D. Q., Ihm, M., Jacobsen, R. G., Kazkaz, K., Knoche, R., Larsen, N. A., Lee, C., Lindote, A., Lopes, M. I., Malling, D. C., Mannino, R., Mckinsey, D. N., Mei, D. M., Mock, J., Moongweluwan, M., Morad, J., Murphy, A. St J., Nehrkorn, C., Nelson, H., Neves, F., Ott, R. A., Pangilinan, M., Parker, P. D., Pease, E. K., Pech, K., Phelps, P., Reichhart, L., Shutt, T., Silva, C., Solovov, V. N., Sorensen, P., O Sullivan, K., Taylor, D., Tennyson, B., Tiedt, D. R., Tripathi, M., Uvarov, S., Verbus, J. R., Walsh, N., Webb, R., White, J. T., Witherell, M. S., Wolfs, F. L. H., Woods, M., and Zhang, C.

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