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Background/Aim: Kelch-like protein 11 (KLHL11)- antibody may be found in paraneoplastic neurological disorders presenting with epileptic seizures. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and clinical significance of KLHL11-antibody in epilepsy. Patients and Methods: Sera of 42 pediatric and 59 adult patients with seizures of undetermined cause were screened using a cellbased assay. Results: KLHL11-antibody was found in three of 168 control patients with paraneoplastic neurological disorders and four pediatric patients (4-8-year-old, 2 boys/2 girls) with seizures of unknown cause presenting with myoclonic-atonic epilepsy, generalized epilepsy or childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes. In these four cases, seizures continued for 2-7 months, responded promptly and favorably to conventional anti-seizure drugs and did not recur in follow-up durations ranging between 2-5 years. Patients had normal brain MRI findings and motor-mental development before and after seizures. KLHL11-antibody was not detected in adult epilepsy patients with undetermined cause, MOG antibody-positive patients and healthy controls. Conclusion: KLHL11-antibody may be detected in pediatric epilepsy patients with a relatively benign disease course. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) have recently gained increasing industrial and research interest. The PMSM design and especially its performance evaluation through two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) magnetic field analysis using finite element method (FEM) is not trivial, as it is a quite demanding and time consuming procedure. Furthermore, there has always been doubt on the accuracy of 2D analysis results and on which type of analysis is the most preferable one for the specific motor. This work aims to emphasize the difficulties and the advantages that arise from the 3D analysis. The aforementioned simulations were performed for the case of a four-pole PMSM. Several magnetic and electromechanical quantities have been determined. Additionally, various materials were utilized for the construction of stator and rotor cores and their effect on the motor's behavior was investigated. Finally, the derived results are compared and useful conclusions regarding the solution accuracy are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]