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The development of a system for the detection of ammonium nitrate (AN) in vehicles by nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) is described. The results from studies of the penetration of radiofrequency (RF) magnetic fields inside certain metal enclosures, including full-scale vehicles, were critical in the design of a novel high- Q resonant probe. The probe was shaped not only for optimal penetration of RF magnetic fields into vehicles, but also for optimal rejection of RF interference and ease of shielding. A full-scale technical demonstrator was designed, built and successfully demonstrated, using novel pulse sequences to generate and detect NQR signals from AN concealed within the boot (trunk) of a car and in the loading bay of a (metal-sided) van. Among the key technical advances that made possible the effective operation of this system was the development of pulse sequences that generate detectable NQR responses for RF magnetic fields that are both very weak and very inhomogeneous. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The bacteria Alcaligenes viscosus (Admetz) and Arthrobacter citreus (Sachs) attack the ring system of cholesterol, giving cholest-4-en-3-one as the main product, small amounts of 7-oxocholesterol and traces of other ketones and an acid. Neither bacterium is able to remove the side-chain of cholesterol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) has concluded that there is a relationship between roof intrusion and the risk of injury to belted occupants in rollovers events [1]. Previous testing on many different production vehicle types indicates that damage consistent with field rollover accidents can be achieved through inverted drop testing from small drop heights. It has been shown in previous drop test pairs with Hybrid III dummies, that the amount of roof intrusion is related to occupant neck injury [2,3]. In 1990, a study was reported by General Motors which involved 8 dolly rollover tests and 5 inverted drop tests performed on both production and rollcaged vehicles with Hybrid III dummies [4]. These studies were conducted to investigate the relationship between roof strength and occupant injury potential. In this paper, the authors further analyze the relationship between roof intrusion and occupant neck injury potential through inverted drop testing performed on Ford Econoline E-350 15-Passenger production and reinforced vans. Each of these van tests used Hybrid III test dummies in order to evaluate the resulting occupant injury potential in relation to the roof intrusion. The resulting roof intrusion and occupant neck loading experienced during the reinforced van drop test were significantly less than that of the production van test. As previously observed, the results of these tests indicate that the reduction of roof crush resulted in a direct reduction in neck loading and therefore an increase in occupant protection. Additionally, the inverse relationship between restraint loading and neck loading of the dummies was confirmed.

The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration has concluded that there is a relationship between roof intrusion and the risk of injury to belted occupants in rollovers events. Previous testing on many different production vehicle types indicates that damage consistent with field rollover accidents can be achieved through inverted drop testing from small drop heights. It has been shown in previous drop test pairs with Hybrid III dummies, that the amount of roof intrusion is related to occupant neck injury. This paper analyzes inverted drop testing performed on Ford F250 Crew Cab production and reinforced pickups. Each of these pickup tests used Hybrid III test dummies in order to evaluate the occupant injury potential in relation to roof intrusion. The reinforced truck's residual crush was an order of magnitude less than the production truck crush. These tests indicated that the reduction of roof crush resulted in a direct reduction in neck loading and therefore an increase in occupant protection. In addition, it was found that the restraint loading was inversely related to the neck loading of the dummies.