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Hormone-receptor positive (HR+), Human-Epidermal-growth Factor negative (HER2-) breast cancer, including the Luminal A and the Luminal B subtypes, is the most common in women diagnosed with early-stage BC. Despite the advances in screening, surgery and therapies, recurrence still occurs. Therefore, it is important to identify early those factors that significantly impact the recurrence risk. Based on current evidence and their professional expertise, a Panel of oncologists discussed the definition of high risk of recurrence in early breast cancer. Histological grade, nodal involvement, genomic score, histological grade, tumor size, and Ki-67 proliferation index were rated as the most important factors to define the high risk in patients with early breast cancer. All these factors should be considered comprehensively to tailor the choice of treatment to the peculiar characteristics of each patient.

Background: In triple negative breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy, residual disease at surgery is the most relevant unfavorable prognostic factor. Current guidelines consider the use of adjuvant capecitabine, based on the results of the randomized CREATE-X study, carried out in Asian patients and including a small subset of triple negative tumors. Thus far, evidence on Caucasian patients is limited, and no real-world data are available. Methods: We carried out a multicenter, observational study, involving 44 oncologic centres. Triple negative breast cancer patients with residual disease, treated with adjuvant capecitabine from January 2017 through June 2021, were recruited. We primarily focused on treatment tolerability, with toxicity being reported as potential cause of treatment discontinuation. Secondarily, we assessed effectiveness in the overall study population and in a subset having a minimum follow-up of 2 years. Results: Overall, 270 patients were retrospectively identified. The 50.4% of the patients had residual node positive disease, 7.8% and 81.9% had large or G3 residual tumor, respectively, and 80.4% a Ki-67 >20%. Toxicity-related treatment discontinuation was observed only in 10.4% of the patients. In the whole population, at a median follow-up of 15 months, 2-year disease-free survival was 62%, 2 and 3-year overall survival 84.0% and 76.2%, respectively. In 129 patients with a median follow-up of 25 months, 2-year disease-free survival was 43.4%, 2 and 3-year overall survival 78.0% and 70.8%, respectively. Six or more cycles of capecitabine were associated with more favourable outcomes compared with less than six cycles. Conclusion: The CaRe study shows an unexpectedly good tolerance of adjuvant capecitabine in a real-world setting, although effectiveness appears to be lower than that observed in the CREATE-X study. Methodological differences between the two studies impose significant limits to comparability concerning ef

Nab-P is widely used in MBC, but limited data from clinical practice are available. This is an open-label, multicentre prospective cohort study prospectively collecting data of MBC pts treated with weekly, or every 3 week administration of Nab-P. For this survey a convenience sample was used. An attempt was made to get at least a sample of 200 pts, which guarantees a standard error of 3.5% for estimation of survival time at 1 year, overall response rate and grade 3-4 toxicity. Overall response rate was 32.1% in the whole population, without any significant difference according to schedule, previous paclitaxel exposure, presence of visceral metastases or line of treatment. Median time to progression was 6 months (95% confidence interval, 1-34), with no differences according to the schedule of treatment. No new data on toxicity were reported. Results from this real life experience suggest that Nab-P can be safely used with both the weekly and the 3-weekly schedule with comparable efficacy, leaving the choice to the physician according to the patient's needs and preference, with a carefully balance between activity and potential toxicity. Background Few data are available regarding efficacy and safety of nanoparticle albumin-bound (nab)-paclitaxel in advanced breast cancer patients outside a controlled trial, especially for the weekly schedule. Patients and Methods We prospectively collected data of advanced breast cancer patients who were candidates to be treated with weekly (125 mg/m2 for 3 consecutive weeks followed by a 1-week rest) or every 3 weeks (260 mg/m2) schedules of nab-paclitaxel, according to physician's decision. Results The study enrolled 209 patients, of whom 92 (39.3%) received weekly nab-paclitaxel. The median age was 58 (range, 31-84) years; 21.8% of the patients were classified as triple-negative breast cancer (estrogen-recetor/progesteron-receptor-negative). The median number of cycles was 5.5. The overall response rate was 32.1% in the whole popu

The hotels and restaurant sector is an important component of the Italian economy. The sector has been severely hit by the recent economic slowdown with a drop of 15% in turnover in 2009. In this framework, the sectoral social partners have stressed the importance to support sectoral adaptability and ensure the availability of the skills needed by firms. Industrial relations in hotels and restaurant are carried out within the broader boundaries of the tourism sector.

This paper provides an illustration of the main measures devised to anticipate and cope with industrial restructuring in Italy, after a brief overview of recent trends and developments in the domestic employment and economic structure and in restructuring. Some specific instances of anticipating and managing change and industrial restructuring are then presented to provide more detailed examples of experience in practice. The concluding remarks will provide an overall assessment of the effectiveness of the various measures presented and suggest the transferability potential and the scope for reform. Detailed analysis and discussion of the issues raised by restructuring appear particularly timely at a time where the European economies are facing a substantial downturn in the levels both of activity and employment (EUROSTAT 2009), the consequences of which for medium-term growth prospects and the production structure could be significant.

This article compares the utilization of non-standard employment contracts (fixed-term work, temporary agency work, freelance work) in two cases belonging to the private and public sectors, with a view to investigate the distinct logics which guide the use of non-standard work in different contexts. The first part presents a brief overview of the main attempts to define the various types of work flexibility and illustrates the principal lines of the debate on the effects of work flexibility on organizational adaptability and on living and working conditions of the workers involved. The second part describes two concrete experiences: for the private sector, Abb Italia, a large firm in the electro-mechanical industry; for the public sector, a local authority, the Province of Milan. Conclusions highlight some of the most relevant features of these two cases and, more generally, underline the results of the overall analysis of the data and information collected through the field study.

This report presents an overview of industrial relations and employment and working conditions of selfemployed workers in the 28 countries surveyed. The study was carried out jointly by the European Industrial Relations Observatory (EIRO)and the European Working Conditions Observatory (EWCO) of the European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions (Eurofound). It identifies basic trends in self-employment, highlights issues concerning the definition of self-employment and offers an overview of the different national regulatory frameworks. The analysis focuses mainly on own-account workers without employees and new forms of employment. It also examines the social security provisions for this category of workers – a source of differences between employees and selfemployed workers. Finally, the report analyses the presence and regulation of ‘economically dependent work’, as well as the collective representation of self-employed workers.

The report describes some of the main measures belonging to the Italian ‘social shock absorbers’ system. In particular, the attention is focused on the measures most applied during the recent financial and economic crisis

In a series of experiments using ambiguous stimuli, we investigate the effects of displaying ordered, discrete series of images on the dynamics of figure-ground segregation. For low frame presentation speeds, the series were perceived as a sequence of discontinuous, static images, while for high speeds they were perceived as continuous. We conclude that using stimuli varying continuously along one parameter results in stronger hysteresis and reduces spontaneous switching compared to matched static stimuli with discontinuous parameter changes. The additional evidence that the size of the hysteresis effects depended on trial duration is consistent with the stochastic nature of the dynamics governing figure-ground segregation. The results showed that for continuously changing stimuli, alternative figure-ground organizations are resolved via low-level, dynamical competition. A second series of experiments confirmed these results with an ambiguous stimulus based on Petter's effect