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Abstract Background The rectus femoris muscle plays an important role in maintaining lower limb stability and biomechanical control during basic physical activities. Both reduced quadriceps strength and decreased muscle thickness of the rectus femoris, as measured by ultrasound, are associated with an increased risk of falls in older adults. We estimated the relative and absolute intra-rater, inter-rater, and inter-day reliability of the procedure. Methods A female biologist and a male physical educator, both holding a master’s degree in human movement and rehabilitation, captured ultrasound images of the right rectus femoris muscle in 106 healthy participants (58 females and 48 males), aged 18 to 73 years. Each rater captured three images per participant during each visit, with two visits 7 to 10 days apart. A third person subsequently measured the muscle thickness. We calculated the Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICC) using a two-way random model and determined the 95% minimal detectable difference (MDD). Results The mean muscle thickness was 2.12 cm. The reliability based on single measurements was as follows: the intra-rater ICC for raters A and B was 0.998 at both visits (MDDs: 0.074–0.082 cm). The inter-rater ICC was 0.976 at visit 1 and 0.977 at visit 2 (MDDs: 0.269–0.270 cm). The inter-day ICC was 0.973 for rater A and 0.972 for rater B (MDDs: 0.286–0.291 cm). Sensitivity analyses accounting for age, sex, and the use of mean measurements produced similar results. The results were homoscedastic. Conclusions The rectus femoris muscle thickness was measured with good reliability using ultrasonography across all the settings.

Abstract Background Fabry disease (FD) is a rare X-linked lysosomal storage disorder marked by alpha-galactosidase-A (α-Gal A) deficiency, caused by pathogenic mutations in the GLA gene, resulting in the accumulation of glycosphingolipids within lysosomes. The current screening test relies on measuring α-Gal A activity. However, this approach is limited to males. Infrared (IR) spectroscopy is a technique that can generate fingerprint spectra of a biofluid’s molecular composition and has been successfully applied to screen numerous diseases. Herein, we investigate the discriminating vibration profile of plasma chemical bonds in patients with FD using attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform IR (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. Results The Fabry disease group (n = 47) and the healthy control group (n = 52) recruited were age-matched (39.2 ± 16.9 and 36.7 ± 10.9 years, respectively), and females were predominant in both groups (59.6% and 65.4%, respectively). All patients had the classic phenotype (100%), and no late-onset phenotype was detected. A generated partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) classification model, independent of gender, allowed differentiation of samples from FD vs. control groups, reaching 100% sensitivity, specificity and accuracy. Conclusion ATR-FTIR spectroscopy harnessed to pattern recognition algorithms can distinguish between FD patients and healthy control participants, offering the potential of a fast and inexpensive screening test.

Abstract Background COVID-19 vaccines effectively prevent infection and hospitalization. However, few population-based studies have compared the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients hospitalized for COVID-19 using advanced statistical methods. Our objective is to address this evidence gap by comparing vaccinated and unvaccinated patients hospitalized for COVID-19. Methods This retrospective cohort included adult COVID-19 patients admitted from March 2021 to August 2022 from 27 hospitals. Clinical characteristics, vaccination status, and outcomes were extracted from medical records. Vaccinated and unvaccinated patients were compared using propensity score analyses, calculated based on variables associated with vaccination status and/or outcomes, including waves. The vaccination effect was also assessed by covariate adjustment and feature importance by permutation. Results From the 3,188 patients, 1,963 (61.6%) were unvaccinated and 1,225 (38.4%) were fully vaccinated. Among these, 558 vaccinated individuals were matched with 558 unvaccinated ones. Vaccinated patients had lower rates of mortality (19.4% vs. 33.3%), invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV-18.3% vs. 34.6%), noninvasive mechanical ventilation (NIMV-10.6% vs. 22.0%), intensive care unit admission (ICU-32.0% vs. 44.1%) vasoactive drug use (21.1% vs. 32.6%), dialysis (8.2% vs. 14.7%) hospital length of stay (7.0 vs. 9.0 days), and thromboembolic events (3.9% vs.7.7%), p

A Chamaecrista desvauxii (Fabaceae), escorpião-azul, é uma planta presente no Cerrado brasileiro com grande potencial paisagístico, porém ainda com informações insuficientes em relação à sua emergência e desenvolvimento. Como a grande maioria das espécies no Cerrado, há o interesse na reprodução em viveiro e comercialização, com foco na nativização do catálogo de espécies da prática paisagística, sendo vital a coleta de informações básicas referentes à reprodução. Desta forma, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo verificar a influência de diferentes substratos e dias de coleta de sementes sobre a porcentagem total de emergência de sementes sob condições regulares de temperatura, luminosidade e irrigação em casa de vegetação (modelo típico comercial). Foram testados os substratos: areia, vermiculita, terra de subsolo, Bioplant® e substrato com composição definida de areia, esterco bovino curtido e terra de subsolo. Pelos resultados obtidos, concluiu-se que as sementes de escorpião-azul apresentam melhor emergência em vermiculita e Bioplant ®, com sementeio logo após a coleta/abertura de vagens.

ABSTRACT Postoperative pain management in spinal surgeries remains a challenge, and the erector spinae plane (ESP) block has emerged as a promising analgesic technique, offering significant benefits in pain reduction and opioid consumption. This prospective case series aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ESP block in patients undergoing elective lumbar surgeries. Patients aged 18 to 60 years undergoing surgeries of up to two levels were included, with bilateral ESP blocks performed in conjunction with general anesthesia before the start of surgery. Data were collected in the Post-Anesthesia Care Unit, at 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours postoperatively. The analysis included pain intensity, opioid use, and the occurrence of side effects. Results demonstrated that the ESP block provided satisfactory analgesia, with low morphine usage and no significant adverse effects. Postoperative pain was effectively controlled, with no prolonged hospitalization or block-related complications. Although this study is limited by its case series design, the findings suggest that ESP block may be an effective strategy for pain management in lumbar surgeries. Level of Evidence IV; Case series.

The study of geodiversity provides insight into the potential and limitations of an area's physical environment, making it highly valuable for public and private managers in supporting the development of appropriate land use and occupation proposals for a region. In this perspective, the Geodiversity Map of the coast of the state of Pernambuco was created by combining the Geodiversity Map of the Recife Metropolitan Region (RMR) and the Geodiversity Map of the Southern Coast of Pernambuco. Both were developed by the Geological Survey of Brazil through bibliographic studies and field surveys of geology, geomorphology, soils, and superficial formations, resulting in fifteen geological-environmental units composed of materials that significantly influence the suitability and usage constraints of the region. An example is the DCT unit, which covers a substantial area along the coastal zone of the northernmost municipalities of the RMR. Composed of sediments with varied composition (irregular alternation between layers of sandstone, siltstone, claystone, and gravel), it is widely used for urban occupation and mineral exploitation (borrow material in civil construction). However, on the slopes of the plateaus, particularly near the cliffs along the coastline, this area is unsuitable for housing due to the risk of landslides caused by slope gradients and the high susceptibility of these materials to erosion. Other information of significant importance and interest for public managers can be obtained as a result of this geodiversity study, such as mineral resources, groundwater potential and quality, geotechnical characterization, and areas prone to geological-geotechnical events that could impact land use, among others. All this knowledge is valuable for developing public policies and guiding actions by managers to generate employment and income, protect the environment, and promote health in the region.

In the eastern Amazon region, converting forests into pastureland is a common practice that quickly leads to the degradation of these areas. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of different land uses in different evaluation periods on the chemical attributes, total contents, and carbon and nitrogen stocks of the soil in the Maranhão Amazon. The land use systems analyzed were: perennial pasture (PP), recovered pasture (RP), and secondary forest (SF). Trenches were opened in 2013 and 2019 in each use system in the 0.0-0.20 m and 0.20-0.40 m soil layers. The soil chemical attributes (pH, P, K, Ca, and Mg) and C and N contents and stocks were assessed. PP in the surface layer showed superior results compared to RP and SF, while the opposite behavior occurred in the subsurface. The chemical attributes of the soil decreased over the years evaluated, regardless of the layer and area. The chemical attributes of the soil, as well as the C and N contents and stocks, changed depending on the land use, layer, and year of sampling.

O advento dos livros digitais, com questões como pirataria e ampla disponibilidade de acesso à internet, tem o potencial de diminuir a utilização de bibliotecas físicas. Dessa forma, ações culturais podem ser implementadas nas bibliotecas universitárias para promover seu uso, hábitos de leitura e oferecer acesso a uma gama diversificada de atividades culturais. Este artigo apresenta os resultados quantitativos e os indicadores bibliométricos identificados em uma pesquisa de mestrado, com o objetivo principal de mapear ações culturais que foram realizadas no contexto das bibliotecas universitárias brasileiras. Para isso, a revisão sistemática da literatura foi empregada como método, devido à sua natureza abrangente. Para identificar estudos e relatos de casos relevantes, estratégias de busca foram elaboradas para serem utilizadas no Portal de Periódicos da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior e na Base de Dados Referencial de Artigos de Periódicos em Ciência da Informação. A busca realizada nos anais do Seminário Nacional de Bibliotecas Universitárias foi realizada manualmente. Após a aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, no período 2002-2022, um total de 58 artigos foram selecionados. Os dados obtidos indicaram que a maioria dos artigos foi publicada nas regiões Sudeste, Sul e Nordeste do Brasil e que houve um número crescente de publicações sobre o tema. Além disso, um número maior de atividades se concentrou durante a Semana Nacional do Livro e da Biblioteca, com palestras, apresentações musicais, oficinas e exposições como as ações mais realizadas.

Resumo Objetivo Analisar os fatores preditivos à perda de seguimento do tratamento da tuberculose em pessoas privadas de liberdade no estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Métodos Estudo de coorte retrospectivo. Foram coletados dados de fontes secundárias de pessoas privadas de liberdade notificadas com tuberculose no período de 2015 a 2017 no estado. O risco de perda de seguimento segundo as variáveis de exposição (sociodemográficas, de detecção de casos, clínicas e de acompanhamento) foi estabelecido pelas razões de chance Odds Ratio bruto, as quais, quando significativas, foram incluídas no modelo múltiplo com método forward (Likelihood Ratio), determinando seus Odds Ratio ajustado. Resultados Foram incluídos 9.153 casos no estudo, dos quais 6% foram encerrados como perda de seguimento. Na análise múltipla, as variáveis preditoras para a perda de seguimento foram: sexo feminino; notificação por determinadas coordenadorias; retratamento pós-abandono, resistência medicamentosa em andamento sem informação, tipo de tratamento sem informação e necessidade de internação. Conclusão Os achados do estudo destacam a importância de sensibilizar os profissionais de saúde nas unidades prisionais sobre a identificação do perfil de risco para a perda de seguimento no tratamento da tuberculose em pessoas privadas de liberdade. Tal identificação abrange mulheres detidas na região metropolitana, em centros de detenção provisória e de progressão penitenciária. Além disso, devem-se incluir pessoas em retratamento pós-abandono, com necessidade de internação e ausência de informações sobre resistência medicamentosa e tipo de tratamento.

O presente artigo objetiva estabelecer as principais características das Cortes Supremas, a fim de constituir um modelo aplicável e praticável na cultura jurídica latino-americana. Busca-se, portanto, agrupar perspectivas que sejam comuns às Cortes Supremas no âmbito dessa cultura jurídico-política. Parte-se do pressuposto de que o delineamento de princípios comuns às Cortes Supremas pode permitir a prestação de uma tutela jurisdicional mais adequada à realidade jurídica latino-americana, bem como a estruturação de instituições mais duradouras e fortificadas dentro do sistema jurídico de cada país. Sem a pretensão generalizante, bem como resguardando as particularidades da cultura jurídica de cada país, se mostra importante o estabelecimento de linhas mestras sobre a constituição e a função das Cortes Supremas na Latino América. A metodologia utilizada refere-se à revisão da bibliografia produzida sobre a cultura latinoamericana e sobre o moderno papel atribuído às Cortes Supremas nessa realidade jurídicacultural. Ao final, pôde-se concluir que um modelo geral de Corte Suprema pode contribuir para o fortalecimento democrático e para a integração da região Latino América, outorgando a máxima proteção aos direitos humanos.

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify in the literature the factors associated with the inconsistent use of conservation by the young population. Method: Systematic review that searched for studies in six data sources in June 2023, with no publication date or language restrictions. Materials were selected by two independent reviewers who individually screened observational studies by reading the title and abstract of the articles. The studies were assessed for methodological quality and narrative synthesis. Results: Of the 15,783 publications retrieved, nine were included. It was found that anal sex, not carrying a condom, low education, shame about buying condoms, drug use, early sexual debut and difficulties in negotiating condom use were factors associated with inconsistent condom use among the young population. Conclusion: Multidimensional factors are associated with inconsistent condom use, permeated by sociodemographic, cultural and behavioral elements that challenge practices and policies aimed at promoting sexual and reproductive health, including the control of sexually transmitted infections.

Objective: Our study aims to quantitatively determine the concavity of the glenoid articular surface in patients with hypermobile shoulders compared to those without. Method: We examined medical records of shoulder CTs from 2017 to 2022, selecting 50 patients with clinical signs of joint hypermobility for our case group and 54 for our control group. Two blinded readers independently assessed the glenoid morphology, calculating the glenoid concavity angle (GCA) and evaluating the articular surface shape as concave, flat, or convex. They also recorded the presence and severity of glenoid dysplasia. We compared these assessments between groups. Results: The mean GCA was significantly lower in the hypermobile group (2.3 ± 3.7° and 2.3 ± 3.8°) versus controls (6.6 ± 3.3° and 5.3 ± 3.8°) (P < 0.05). Interobserver reproducibility was high (ICC=0.76). A stark difference in glenoid morphology was noted between groups (P < 0.001), with a majority of hypermobile patients having a flat or convex glenoid. GCAs decreased with increasing shoulder laxity and dysplasia. GCA showed 77–81 % sensitivity and 55–82 % specificity for detecting shoulder hyperlaxity with a 4° cutoff. Conclusion: There is a significant association between GCA and shoulder hyperlaxity, demonstrating diagnostic efficacy and substantial interobserver agreement. Clinical Relevance: GCA values lower than 4° warrant further clinical investigation for shoulder hyperlaxity and associated conditions, which is crucial for patient treatment planning.

Resumo Introdução: No contexto das práticas e políticas de saúde para o enfretamento da infeção pelo HIV, tem-se a população privada de liberdade como prioritária no delineamento de ações e estratégias que qualifiquem a assistência em saúde. Objetivo: Descrever o perfil das pessoas que vivem com HIV em unidades prisionais. Método: Estudo descritivo, realizado em seis unidades prisionais da região de Ribeirão Preto em 2015. A população do estudo compreendeu 85 sujeitos com HIV privados de liberdade. Os dados foram coletados por meio de um questionário estruturado e analisados utilizando estatística descritiva. Resultados: Dos entrevistados, 50,6% eram solteiros, 31,8% casados/união estável, 45,9% pardos, 70,6% tinham escolaridade entre o fundamental I e II, 44,7% afirmaram relação sexual no último ano e 89,4% referiram uso de droga. Quanto ao HIV, 50,6% obtiveram o diagnóstico no sistema prisional, 84,7% realizavam acompanhamento médico, 78,8% usavam terapia antirretroviral (TARV). Quanto às queixas de saúde, 65,9% descreveram ansiedade, agitação, irritabilidade, inquietação; 63,5%, tristeza e desânimo; e 51,8%, fraqueza, cansaço e mal-estar. Conclusão: Houve predomínio de indivíduos com características semelhantes as da população carcerária brasileira. Estiveram presentes condições que potencializam a instabilidade e o agravamento do HIV, sendo que a maioria realizava acompanhamento médico especializado.

A extensão universitária desempenha um papel fundamental no contexto acadêmico e na sociedade, trazendo inúmeros benefícios. Este relato descreve a experiência das ações de extensão em cinco escolas de ensino infantil em Passos, MG. No âmbito da campanha "Reviva o Óleo", iniciada por estudantes de engenharia ambiental da Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais – UEMG como parte da disciplina Extensão Ambiental, o objetivo era disseminar conhecimento sobre o descarte adequado de óleo e coletar óleo usado. Por duas semanas, os alunos divulgaram a campanha, oferecendo um óleo novo a cada dois litros entregues. Foram coletados mais de 400 litros, que foram encaminhados à empresa Brejeiro para transformação em biocombustível. Conclui-se que a promoção de ações de extensão focadas na reciclagem de óleo estimulou a educação ambiental nas escolas, incentivando práticas responsáveis e a preservação do meio ambiente.

A indústria de laticínios no Brasil possui uma estrutura de mercado semelhante ao oligopsônio, caracterizado pela existência de poucos compradores de um bem produzido por muitos vendedores. O caráter perecível do leite in natura reduz ainda mais o poder de negociação dos vendedores, cujo lucro operacional é pressionado pelas significativas oscilações de preço. Considerando a existência da economia de escala nos custos de produção da pecuária de leite, os pequenos e médios produtores possuem menores margens de lucro e, consequentemente, são os mais vulneráveis nessa estrutura de mercado. A fabricação de queijo é uma técnica amplamente conhecida pela comunidade rural e capaz de agregar valor à produção de leite, sugerindo ser uma alternativa mais promissora ao negócio. A fim de verificar tal hipótese é realizada pelo presente estudo a investigação dos rendimentos econômicos envolvidos entre duas possíveis destinações do leite cru. O objetivo da pesquisa é apoiar a tomada de decisão de investimento pelo pequeno e médio produtor de leite. A metodologia do trabalho foi segmentada em quatro etapas: coleta de dados regionais; projeção do fluxo de caixa operacional; cálculo dos indicadores financeiros e econômicos; e aplicação do método Analytic Hierarchy Process para seleção do projeto de investimento. Constatou-se que a produção de queijo proporcionaria retorno econômico aos médios pecuaristas e prejuízo econômico aos pequenos produtores. Concluiu-se que a produção de leite se estabeleceria como a melhor alternativa de investimento para ambos. Abstract: The dairy industry in Brazil has a market structure similar to oligopsony, characterized by the existence of few buyers of a good produced by many sellers. The perishable character of fresh milk further reduces the bargaining power of sellers, whose operating profit is pressured by significant price fluctuations. Considering the existence of economies of scale in the production costs of dairy farming, small and medium producers have lower profit margins and, consequently, are the most vulnerable in this market structure. Cheese making is a technique widely known by the rural community and capable of adding value to milk production, suggesting that it is a more promising alternative to the business. In order to verify this hypothesis, the present study investigates the economic returns involved between two possible destinations of raw milk. The objective of the research is to support investment decision-making by small and medium-sized milk producers. The work methodology was segmented into four stages: regional data collection; operating cash flow projection; calculation of financial and economic indicators; and application of the Analytic Hierarchy Process method for selecting the investment project. It was found that cheese production would provide economic return to medium-sized cattle ranchers and economic loss to small producers. It was concluded that milk production would be the best investment alternative for both.

IntroductionThe reproductive system is tightly regulated by environmental and physiological signals. Melatonin, known as the hormone of darkness, plays a crucial role in regulating both the circadian and reproductive systems in mammals. Hypothyroidism is a key endocrine disorder that harms the reproductive system. Despite many studies on melatonin’s effects on the reproductive system, there is conflicting information regarding melatonin synthesis modulation in hypothyroidism. The objective of this study was to investigate the modulation of plasma melatonin levels and gene expression of Aanat and Asmt in the pineal gland and gonads of rats with hypothyroidism at different times of the day.MethodsFemale and male Wistar rats were divided into control and hypothyroid groups. Hypothyroidism was induced using propylthiouracil (PTU) for 15 days, rats were euthanized six hours after lights on (ZT6), before lights off (ZT11.5), and six hours after lights off (ZT18). Free thyroxine (FT4) and melatonin were quantified in plasma, and gene expressions of melatonin synthesizing enzymes (Aanat and Asmt) were measured in pineal and sexual organs (testis and ovary). Also, morphological analysis was performed in sexual organs.ResultsThe results reveal some disparities between the sexes. Hypothyroidism reduced antral and primary follicles in the ovary, and reduced the weight of testis, epididymis, and prostate. In relation to gene expression, we observed a reduction in Aanat expression in the pineal gland during the light phase (ZT6), and in males, this reduction occurred during the dark phase (ZT18). Regarding Asmt expression, there was a decrease in females also during the dark phase (ZT18). In the gonads, there was an increase in expression in both sexes at ZT11.5. Additionally, it was interesting to observe the association between FT4 levels and Asmt expression in the gonads.ConclusionsThis study showed that acute hypothyroidism can affect components of the melatonergic system in gonads, particularly gene expression of melatonin synthesis enzymes (Aanat and Asmt) contributing to changes in reproduction organs during disease progression. These findings enhance our understanding of melatonin synthesis in the reproductive system during hypothyroidism, showing distinct responses in male and female rats, and suggest that hypothyroidism affects the circadian rhythmicity of melatonin synthesis in a sex-dependent manner.

Background: the development of evaluation tests requires methodological work and the consequent preparation of teachers. Objective: determine the level of knowledge of teachers about the preparation of the final evaluation tests for the subject Human Ontogeny and Osteomyoarticular System. Methods: a research was carried out, with a mixed approach, from September 2019-to January 2020, at the “Marina Grajales Coello” Faculty of Medical Sciences, in Holguín. Theoretical methods were used: synthesis, historical-logical analysis and induction-deduction; empirical ones: documentary review and questionnaire; and mathematical-statistical: frequency analysis, calculation of the average value of the item, relative index, position index and Cronbach's alpha. Results: the items occupied the highest values: “several types of questions are used to prepare the subject exams”, “decision tables are used” and “the results of the exam are analyzed”. The lowest position indices were those referring to: “the levels of assimilation to be used in the preparation of the syllabus to be applied are discussed in the subject group”, “tables of content are constructed for the preparation of the exams”, and They carry out quality studies of the evaluation instruments." Experience in teaching the subject is a strength within the group. Conclusions: the level of knowledge of the faculty of the subject Human Ontogeny and Osteomyoarticular System was determined in the preparation of the final evaluation tests, insufficiencies were found on which work must continue from the subject group and in scientific research.

Abstract The Brazil-Malvinas Confluence (BMC) is a significant biological frontier where distinct currents meet, fostering optimal conditions for phytoplankton development. In this study we tested the hypothesis that eddys promote an increase in phytoplankton biomass at the Brazil-Malvinas Confluence (BMC), altering species diversity. Phytoplankton were collected with Niskin bottles and nutrient concentrations assessed at two depths (Surface and Deep Chlorophyll Maximum Layer – DCML) in areas outside and under the influence of Cold-Core (CCE) and Warm-Core (WCE) Eddies. Environmental variables were determined in situ using a CTD profiler. Four regions were separated based on environmental variables and phytoplankton species, namely, the Brazil Current (BC), Malvinas Current (MC), CCE, and WCE. Species diversity was higher in the eddies. The conditions of the WCE were different from those of the CCE, with low temperature and salinity and high cell density values in the latter. The phylum Bacillariophyta was predominant in terms of species richness in all regions and was responsible for the higher cell density in the MC, while dinoflagellates were dominant in the BC and eddies. Therefore, eddy activity alters the structure, diversity and biomass of the phytoplankton community in the BMC.

Abstract A safe and effective vaccine with long-term protection against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) is a global health priority. Here, we develop lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) to provide safe and effective delivery of plasmid DNA (pDNA) and show protection against VOCs in female small animal models. Using a library of LNPs encapsulating unique barcoded DNA (b-DNA), we screen for b-DNA delivery after intramuscular administration. The top-performing LNPs are further tested for their capacity of pDNA uptake in antigen-presenting cells in vitro. The lead LNP is used to encapsulate pDNA encoding the HexaPro version of SARS-CoV-2 spike (LNP-HPS) and immunogenicity and protection is tested in vivo. LNP-HPS elicit a robust protective effect against SARS-CoV-2 Gamma (P.1), correlating with reduced lethality, decreased viral load in the lungs and reduced lung damage. LNP-HPS induce potent humoral and T cell responses against P.1, and generate high levels of neutralizing antibodies against P.1 and Omicron (B.1.1.529). Our findings indicate that the protective efficacy and immunogenicity elicited by LNP-HPS are comparable to those achieved by the approved COVID-19 vaccine from Biontech/Pfizer in animal models. Together, these findings suggest that LNP-HPS hold great promise as a vaccine candidate against VOCs.

Comparar a técnica de restrição de fluxo sanguíneo, musculação e isquemia precondicionante nos exercícios de agachamento e rosca direta após seis semanas de destreinamento. Estudo realizado com 15 voluntários (homens e mulheres), foram randomizados e aleatorizados em três grupos: G1) submetido à RFS, com treinamento de força, por oito semanas, em dias alternados, e três sessões semanais; G2) ao treinamento musculação, com períodos e sessões iguais ao G1; e G3) ao treinamento de isquemia precondicionante, com períodos e sessões iguais aos grupos anteriores. A força muscular (FM) para RFS no exercício agachamento (p=0,121) e o tamanho do efeito (η2=0,09) na rosca direta (p=1,113) e, com efeito (η2=0,04). Diferentes métodos podem aumentar ou manter a FM, inclusive no destreinamento. As técnicas não apresentaram diferenças estatísticas em termos de manutenção da força muscular no período do destreinamento.

This study investigated the impact of six high-intensity interval training (HIIT) running sessions on 1% or 10% slopes on various physiological and performance parameters in 25 men. The participants underwent assessments of VO2max, time to exhaustion on 1% slope (TLim1%), and time to exhaustion on 10% slope (TLim10%) in the initial three visits. They were then randomly assigned to control (CON), HIIT on 1% slope (GT1%), or HIIT on 10% slope (GT10%) groups. Over three weeks, participants performed six HIIT sessions with equalized workload based on their individual maximal oxygen uptake (vVO2max). The sessions comprised 50% of TLim, with a 1:1 ratio of exercise to recovery at 50% vVO2max. The results indicated significant improvements in VO2max and peak velocity (VPeak) after HIIT on both slopes. Heart rate (HR) differed between sessions for GT1%, while no significant differences were observed for GT10%. Ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) were significantly reduced for GT1% after the third session, with a similar trend for GT10%. In summary, six HIIT sessions on a 1% or 10% slope effectively enhanced VO2max and VPeak, but there was no improvement in TLim performance, suggesting no adaptive transfer between training groups.

Of the three types of waste generated in beer processing, brewer’s spent grain (BSG) is the most abundant and has a high potential for valorization. In this work, defatted BSG (DB) was subjected to an extraction process with subcritical water at different temperatures to obtain extracts rich in phenols and the cellulosic fractions, which were also purified by using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The results showed that the dry extracts obtained at 170 °C were richer in phenolics (24 mg Gallic Acid Equivalent (GAE) g−1 DB), but with lower antioxidant capacity (71 mg DB·mg−1 2,2-diphenyl-1-pikryl-hydrazyl). This extract also showed the highest antibacterial potential against L. innocua (80 mg·mL−1) and E. coli (140 mg·mL−1) than those obtained at lower temperatures. The purification of cellulose from the treated residues, using hydrogen peroxide, revealed that DB is a limited source of cellulose material since the bleached fractions showed low yields (20–25%) and low cellulose purity (42–71%), even after four bleaching cycles (1 h) at pH 12 and 8% H2O2. Despite this, the subcritical water extraction method highlights the potential of a simple process as a technological option to convert underutilized side streams like beer bagasse into added-value, potential ingredients for innovative food and pharmaceutical applications.

Fundamento: la pandemia de la COVID-19 impuso la educación a distancia como alternativa viable para formar profesionales de la salud, donde se identificaron irregularidades durante la evaluación. Objetivo: elaborar una metodología para la evaluación a distancia en la asignatura Sistemas Cardiovascular, Respiratorio, Digestivo y Renal en la carrera de Medicina. Métodos: se realizó una investigación de desarrollo con enfoque mixto entre marzo 2021 y diciembre de 2022, en la carrera de Medicina de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas “Mariana Grajales Coello” de Holguín. Se utilizaron métodos teóricos, empíricos y estadísticos que posibilitaron la sistematización teórico-metodológica del tema, profundizar en el estado actual del objeto y determinar la necesidad de una metodología para resolver el problema científico. Se aplicó el criterio de especialistas para evaluar la pertinencia y viabilidad de la propuesta. Resultados: se propone una metodología para la evaluación del aprendizaje a distancia de la asignatura Sistemas Cardiovascular, Respiratorio, Digestivo y Renal en la carrera de Medicina que integra los fundamentos de la evaluación del aprendizaje en las ciencias médicas y las particularidades de la educación a distancia en la educación superior. Esta se estructura en dos subsistemas concretados en las dimensiones organizativas y contextualizadora, con etapas y acciones para organizar la evaluación del aprendizaje. Conclusiones: la metodología diseñada proporciona herramientas al colectivo metodológico de la asignatura para la evaluación a distancia de forma integrada. Su implementación facilita la organización del proceso evaluativo a partir de las potencialidades de los contextos formativos y de necesidades de aprendizaje de los estudiantes. Fue valorada por los especialistas como pertinente y adecuada.

ABSTRACTBetween 2016 and 2018, Brazil experienced major sylvatic yellow fever (YF) outbreaks that caused hundreds of casualties, with Minas Gerais (MG) being the most affected state. These outbreaks provided a unique opportunity to assess the immune response triggered by the wild-type (WT) yellow fever virus (YFV) in humans. The plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) is currently the standard method to assess the humoral immune response to YFV by measuring neutralizing antibodies (nAbs). The present study aimed to evaluate the humoral immune response of patients from the 2017–2018 sylvatic YF outbreak in MG with different disease outcomes by using PRNTs with a WT YFV strain, isolated from the 2017–2018 outbreak, and a vaccine YFV strain. Samples from naturally infected YF patients were tested, in comparison with healthy vaccinees. Results showed that both groups presented different levels of nAb against the WT and vaccine strains, and the levels of neutralization against the strains varied homotypically and heterotypically. Results based on the geometric mean titers (GMTs) suggest that the humoral immune response after a natural infection of YFV can reach higher levels than that induced by vaccination (GMT of patients against WT YFV compared to GMT of vaccinees, P < 0.0001). These findings suggest that the humoral immune responses triggered by the vaccine and WT strains of YFV are different, possibly due to genetic and antigenic differences between these viruses. Therefore, current means of assessing the immune response in naturally infected YF individuals and immunological surveillance methods in areas with intense viral circulation may need to be updated.IMPORTANCEYellow fever is a deadly febrile disease caused by the YFV. Despite the existence of effective vaccines, this disease still represents a public health concern worldwide. Much is known about the immune response against the vaccine strains of the YFV, but recent studies have shown that it differs from that induced by WT strains. The extent of this difference and the mechanisms behind it are still unclear. Thus, studies aimed to better understand the immune response against this virus are relevant and necessary. The present study evaluated levels of neutralizing antibodies of yellow fever patients from recent outbreaks in Brazil, in comparison with healthy vaccinees, using plaque reduction neutralization tests with WT and vaccine YFV strains. Results showed that the humoral immune response in naturally infected patients was higher than that induced by vaccination, thus providing new insights into the immune response triggered against these viruses.

Abstract Natural compounds are possible alternatives for wound treatment, including Ilex paraguariensis, a plant with several pharmacological actions already reported, including anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antioxidant, and healing activities. Therefore, this study aimed to perform a technological and scientific mapping of Ilex paraguariensis used for healing and/or analgesic purposes. Technological prospection was carried out in the Questel-Orbit system, while the scientific research was carried out in PubMed, Web of Science, and SCOPUS databases. The terms “Ilex paraguariensis”, “Yerba-mate”, “Painkiller”, “Analgesic”, “Wound”, “Healing”, and “Scar” were combined using Boolean operators “OR” and “AND”. The technological prospection resulted in 164 patents found initially. After sorting the abstracts, five patents were read entirely, of which three were selected. Such selected patents report using Ilex paraguariensis for analgesics, wound healing, personal care, and pharmaceutical applications. In addition, the scientific research showed a small number of studies aimed at using Ilex paraguariensis for healing and/or analgesic purposes. Among the 26 articles initially found, only 5 met the inclusion requirements. Scientific studies demonstrate that Ilex paraguariensis is used as an extract or drink, presenting promising results regarding analgesia, inflammation, and wound healing, using in vitro or in vivo models. Despite the potential of Ilex paraguariensis in skin wound therapy, our study demonstrates that few patents and scientific studies explore Ilex paraguariensis for this purpose. This fact may be an incentive for the development of further studies employing Ilex paraguariensis in cutaneous wound management and the pain associated with them.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To analyze the geospatialization of tuberculosis-HIV coinfection in Brazil, from 2010 to 2021, and the correlation with socioeconomic, housing, and health indicators. METHODS An ecological study of Brazilian municipalities and states, with data from HIV and tuberculosis information systems, previously reported by the Ministry of Health. The crude and smoothed coefficients were calculated by the local empirical Bayesian method of incidence of coinfection per 100,000 inhabitants in the population aged between 18 and 59 years. Univariate (identification of clusters) and bivariate (correlation with 20 indicators) Moran’s indices were used. RESULTS A total of 122,223 cases of coinfection were registered in Brazil from 2010 to 2021, with a mean coefficient of 8.30/100,000. The South (11.44/100,000) and North (9.93/100,000) regions concentrated the highest burden of infections. The coefficients dropped in Brazil, in all regions, in the years of covid-19 (2020 and 2021). The highest coefficients were observed in the municipalities of the states of Rio Grande do Sul, Mato Grosso do Sul, and Amazonas, with high-high clusters in the capitals, border regions, coast of the country. The municipalities belonging to the states of Minas Gerais, Bahia, Paraná, and Piauí showed low-low clusters. There was a direct correlation with human development indices and aids rates, as well as an indirect correlation with the proportion of poor or of those vulnerable to poverty and the Gini index. CONCLUSIONS The spatial analysis of tuberculosis-HIV coinfection showed heterogeneity in the Brazilian territory and constant behavior throughout the period, revealing clusters with high-burden municipalities, especially in large urban centers and in states with a high occurrence of HIV and/or tuberculosis. These findings, in addition to alerting to the effects of the covid-19 pandemic, can incorporate strategic planning for the control of coinfection, aiming to eliminate these infections as public health problems by 2030.

A intensificação da ocorrência de eventos naturais, aliada ao aumento da ocupação inadequada de áreas suscetíveis a deslizamentos, inundações e outros fenômenos inerentes ao meio físico, tem causado a perda de vidas humanas e prejuízos econômicos. Com o objetivo de mitigar as consequências, apresenta-se uma proposta para a criação de um mapa de suscetibilidade a deslizamentos tecnicamente confiável e de baixo custo. A metodologia proposta prevê a utilização de dados e informações de domínio público, ferramentas de informática e sensoriamento remoto (com utilização de softwares livres), mapas de relevo 3D, declividade, perfis de encostas, direção de encostas, drenagem e hipsometria. O mapa ora apresentado recobre a Região Metropolitana do Recife (RMR), no estado de Pernambuco (nordeste do Brasil), devido à ocorrência de grande número de eventos naturais nessa área, que apresenta as seguintes classes de suscetibilidade a deslizamentos: muito baixa: 16,50%; baixa: 20,10%; média: 27,85%; alta: 24,15%; muito alta: 11,40%.

IntroductionSARS-CoV-2 vaccines production and distribution enabled the return to normalcy worldwide, but it was not fast enough to avoid the emergence of variants capable of evading immune response induced by prior infections and vaccination. This study evaluated, against Omicron sublineages BA.1, BA.5 and BQ.1.1, the antibody response of a cohort vaccinated with a two doses CoronaVac protocol and followed by two heterologous booster doses.MethodsTo assess vaccination effectiveness, serum samples were collected from 160 individuals, in 3 different time points (9, 12 and 18 months after CoronaVac protocol). For each time point, individuals were divided into 3 subgroups, based on the number of additional doses received (No booster, 1 booster and 2 boosters), and a viral microneutralization assay was performed to evaluate neutralization titers and seroconvertion rate. ResultsThe findings presented here show that, despite the first booster, at 9m time point, improved neutralization level against omicron ancestor BA.1 (133.1 to 663.3), this trend was significantly lower for BQ.1.1 and BA.5 (132.4 to 199.1, 63.2 to 100.2, respectively). However, at 18m time point, the administration of a second booster dose considerably improved the antibody neutralization, and this was observed not only against BA.1 (2361.5), but also against subvariants BQ.1.1 (726.1) and BA.5 (659.1). Additionally, our data showed that, after first booster, seroconvertion rate for BA.5 decayed over time (93.3% at 12m to 68.4% at 18m), but after the second booster, seroconvertion was completely recovered (95% at 18m). DiscussionOur study reinforces the concerns about immunity evasion of the SARS-CoV-2 omicron subvariants, where BA.5 and BQ.1.1 were less neutralized by vaccine induced antibodies than BA.1. On the other hand, the administration of a second booster significantly enhanced antibody neutralization capacity against these subvariants. It is likely that, as new SARS-CoV-2 subvariants continue to emerge, additional immunizations will be needed over time.

A Jornada do Herói, popularizada por Campbell, é fundamental na narrativa, criando histórias cativantes. Aqui, será explorado o Monomito no contexto dos jogos de RPG de mesa, em que os jogadores assumem papéis de personagens em aventuras. Serão analisadas as seguintes campanhas de Ordem Paranormal: 'O Segredo na Floresta' e ‘Desconjuração’, transmitidas por Rafael Lange, na Twitch TV. O foco será na jornada de César Cohen, interpretado por Thiago Campos, e como ele enfrenta desafios que testam suas habilidades e valores, permitindo seu crescimento ao longo da campanha. A estrutura narrativa do Monomito possibilita a exploração de temas universais, como busca por identidade e a luta entre o bem e o mal. Além de entreter o público, a Jornada leva a reflexões e conexões emocionais profundas com a história e o personagem, mesmo dentro de um jogo. Com base nas teorias de Campbell (1997), Lortz (1979), etc., busca-se compreender o impacto da Jornada do Herói nos RPGs e na narrativa interativa.

Migraine is one of the most prevalent and disabling diseases in the world. Migraine attack treatments and prophylactic treatments of this disease are essential to lessen its individual, social, and economic impact. This is a narrative review of the main drugs used for treating migraine, as well as the experimental models and the theoretical frameworks that led to their development. Ergot derivatives, triptans, non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs, tricyclic antidepressants, beta-blockers, flunarizine, valproic acid, topiramate, onabotulinumtoxin A, ditans, monoclonal antibodies against CGRP and its receptor, and gepants are discussed. Possible therapeutic targets for the development of new drugs that are under development are also addressed. Many of the drugs currently in use for treating migraine were developed for the treatment of other diseases, but have proven effective for the treatment of migraine, expanding knowledge about the disease. With a better understanding of the pathophysiology of migraine, new drugs have been and continue to be developed specifically for the treatment of this disease.

Abstract Background Tuberculosis is an infectious disease strongly influenced by social determinants closely associated with cycles of poverty and social exclusion. Within this context, providing social protection for people affected by the disease constitutes a powerful instrument for reducing inequalities and enhancing inclusion and social justice. This study aimed to identify and synthesize strategies and measures aimed at ensuring social protection as a right of people affected by tuberculosis. Methods This is a scoping review, with searches conducted in six databases in February 2023. We included publications from 2015 onwards that elucidate strategies and measures of social protection aimed at safeguarding the rights to health, nutrition, employment, income, housing, social assistance, and social security for people affected by tuberculosis. These strategies could be implemented through policies, programs, and/or governmental agreements in any given context. The data extracted from the articles underwent descriptive analysis and a narrative synthesis of findings based on the dimensions of social protection. Additionally, we developed a conceptual framework illustrating the organizational and operational aspects of measures and strategies related to each dimension of social protection identified in this review. Results A total of 9317 publications were retrieved from the databases, of which sixty-three publications were included. The study’s results highlighted measures and strategies concerning the social protection of people affected by tuberculosis. These measures and strategies revolved around the rights to proper nutrition and nourishment, income, housing, and health insurance, as well as expanded rights encompassing social assistance and social welfare. It was reported that ensuring these rights contributes to improving nutritional status and the quality of life for individuals with tuberculosis, along with reducing catastrophic costs, expanding access to healthcare interventions and services, and fostering TB treatment adherence, thereby leading to higher rates of TB cure. Conclusions Our findings identify social protection measures as a right for people affected by tuberculosis and have the potential to guide the development of evidence-based social and health policies through collaboration between tuberculosis control programs and governmental entities.

Abstract Objective The present study aims to analyze the use of shoulder imbalance as a parameter for scoliosis screening as well as its relationship with other parameters of physical examination. Methods This study assesses a smartphone application that analyzes several parameters of the physical examination in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Medical and non-medical examiners applied the screening tool in students in a public school and in a private sports club. After data collection, interobserver correlation was done to verify shoulder imbalance and to compare shoulder imbalance with Adam's bending test and with trunk rotation. Results Eighty-nine participants were examined, 18 of whom were women and 71 of whom were men. Two subjects were excluded from the analysis. The mean age of subjects from the public school was 11.30 years and, for those from the sports club, it was 11.92 years. The examiners had poor-to-slight interobserver concordance on shoulder asymmetry in the anterior and posterior view. No significant statistical correlation was found between shoulder asymmetry and positive Adam's forward bending test. Conclusion Our preliminary study shows that the shoulder asymmetry has a poor correlation with the Adam's forward bending test and measuring trunk rotation using a scoliometer. Therefore, the use of shoulder imbalance might not be useful for idiopathic scoliosis screening. Level of Evidence III; Diagnostic Study

Volatility reflects the degree of variation in a time series, and a measurement of the stock performance in the energy sector can help one understand the pattern of fluctuations within this industry, as well as the factors that influence it. One of these factors could be the COVID-19 pandemic, which led to extreme volatility within the stock market in several economic sectors. It is essential to understand this regime of volatility so that robust financial strategies can be adopted to handle it. This study used stock data from the Yahoo! Finance API and data from the energy-price database from the US Energy Information Administration to conduct a comparative analysis of the volatility in the energy sector in Brazil and in the United States, as well as of the energy prices in California. The volatility in these time series were modeled using GARCH. The stock volatility regimes, both before and after COVID-19, were identified with a Markov switching model; the spillover index between the energy markets in the USA and in Brazil was evaluated with the Diebold–Yilmaz index; and the causality between the energy stock price and the energy prices was measured with the Granger causality test. The findings of this study show that (i) the volatility regime introduced by COVID-19 is still prevalent in Brazil and in the USA, (ii) the changes in the energy market in the US affect the Brazilian market significantly more than the reverse, and (iii) there is a causality relationship between the energy stock markets and the energy prices in California. These results may assist in the achievement of effective regulation and economic planning, while also supporting better market interventions. Also, acknowledging the persistent COVID-19-induced volatility can help with developing strategies for future crisis resilience.

Background Evaluation and treatment of primary and secondary headaches is a global public health challenge. Recognizing the epidemiological impact of headaches, a group of researchers linked to the Brazilian Headache Society proposed the Brazilian Headache Registry and drew up its initial protocol.

Background: COVID-19 has become a major public health problem after the outbreak caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus. Great efforts to contain COVID-19 transmission have been applied worldwide. In this context, accurate and fast diagnosis is essential. Methods: In this prospective study, we evaluated the clinical performance of three different RNA-based molecular tests – RT-qPCR (Charité protocol), RT-qPCR (CDC (USA) protocol) and RT-LAMP – and one rapid test for detecting anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG antibodies. Results: Our results demonstrate that RT-qPCR using the CDC (USA) protocol is the most accurate diagnostic test among those evaluated, while oro-nasopharyngeal swabs are the most appropriate biological sample. RT-LAMP was the RNA-based molecular test with lowest sensitivity while the serological test presented the lowest sensitivity among all evaluated tests, indicating that the latter test is not a good predictor of disease in the first days after symptoms onset. Additionally, we observed higher viral load in individuals who reported more than 3 symptoms at the baseline. Nevertheless, viral load had not impacted the probability of testing positive for SARS-CoV-2. Conclusion: Our data indicates that RT-qPCR using the CDC (USA) protocol in oro-nasopharyngeal swabs samples should be the method of choice to diagnosis COVID-19.

Resultante de um estudo teórico da obra Pedagogia do oprimido, de Paulo Freire, o presente ensaio problematiza os conceitos de palavra verdadeira e de leitura do mundo, através de uma interpretação performativa da metáfora da pronúncia do mundo e de uma aproximação com o pensamento de Emmanuel Lévinas. Compreendidos à luz de certa leitura dessa metáfora, esses conceitos formariam em seu pensamento do nó problemático de uma interpretação de pronúncia que, herdeira da filosofia da consciência, vincularia o pronunciar aos problemas de um modo de pensar a transcendentalidade do eu que suprimiria a presença do outro na palavra. Buscamos, então, demonstrar que tais conceitos, fundados no amor, na fé e no diálogo, não poderiam ser pensados somente sob o quadro conceitual da constituição transcendental do mundo pelo sujeito ou dos modos do abrangente, sem considerar a irredutibilidade da expressão ou do rosto do outro.

Resumo A temperatura do ar é um fator climático que afeta a incidência da dengue, com efeitos variando conforme o tempo e o espaço. Investigamos a relação entre a temperatura mínima do ar e a incidência da doença em Minas Gerais, Brasil, e avaliamos a influência de variáveis socioeconômicas e geográficas nessa relação, calculando-se o risco relativo (RR). Este é um estudo de série temporal com análise conduzida em três etapas distintas: modelagem por uso de distributed lag non-linear model (modelos não-lineares distributivos com defasagem), metanálise dos modelos obtidos e metarregressão com dados geográficos e socioeconômicos. A temperatura mínima foi um fator de proteção quando em temperaturas frias extremas (RR = 0,65; IC95%: 0,56-0,76) e moderadas (RR = 0,71; IC95%: 0,64-0,79) e fator de risco em temperaturas de calor moderado (RR = 1,15; IC95%: 1,07-1,24), mas não em extremo (RR = 1,1; IC95%: 0,99-1,22). A heterogeneidade dos modelos foi elevada (I2 = 60%) e essa medida não foi alterada em metarregressão. Temperaturas frias moderadas e extremas causam efeito protetivo, enquanto moderadas quentes aumentam o risco. No entanto, a temperatura mínima do ar não explica nem a variabilidade da região, nem mesmo com as outras variáveis em metarregressão.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Lung diseases are common in patients with end stage kidney disease (ESKD), making differential diagnosis with COVID-19 a challenge. This study describes pulmonary chest tomography (CT) findings in hospitalized ESKD patients on renal replacement therapy (RRT) with clinical suspicion of COVID-19. Methods: ESKD individuals referred to emergency department older than 18 years with clinical suspicion of COVID-19 were recruited. Epidemiological baseline clinical information was extracted from electronic health records. Pulmonary CT was classified as typical, indeterminate, atypical or negative. We then compared the CT findings of positive and negative COVID-19 patients. Results: We recruited 109 patients (62.3% COVID-19-positive) between March and December 2020, mean age 60 ± 12.5 years, 43% female. The most common etiology of ESKD was diabetes. Median time on dialysis was 36 months, interquartile range = 12–84. The most common pulmonary lesion on CT was ground glass opacities. Typical CT pattern was more common in COVID-19 patients (40 (61%) vs 0 (0%) in non-COVID-19 patients, p < 0.001). Sensitivity was 60.61% (40/66) and specificity was 100% (40/40). Positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 100% and 62.3%, respectively. Atypical CT pattern was more frequent in COVID-19-negative patients (9 (14%) vs 24 (56%) in COVID-19-positive, p < 0.001), while the indeterminate pattern was similar in both groups (13 (20%) vs 6 (14%), p = 0.606), and negative pattern was more common in COVID-19-negative patients (4 (6%) vs 12 (28%), p = 0.002). Conclusions: In hospitalized ESKD patients on RRT, atypical chest CT pattern cannot adequately rule out the diagnosis of COVID-19.

“Mostramos vidas em atos memoráveis”, adverte Barbosa (2023). Como pesquisadores da História das Mídias, é possível demonstrar como documentos, materiais de acervo e arquivos ajudam a (re)construir a história dos meios e da sociedade, ou parte dela. O minicurso que integrou o XIV Encontro Nacional de História da Mídia teve como objetivo abordar a importância da pesquisa documental em acervos digitais online, a fim de entender como esses “lugares de memória” (Nora, 1984) oferecem possibilidades às pesquisas. Neste artigo, resultado, também, do tensionamento das experiências e das observações do minicurso, são sistematizadas possibilidades de abordagem teórico-prática no uso dos arquivos e acervos online brasileiros. Além disso, traz reflexões das pesquisas na área da Comunicação que utilizam o método/técnica da pesquisa documental, valorizando os acervos digitais e sua potencialidade. Como resultado da reflexão analítica, o artigo traz contribuições ao campo da história da mídia que podem tornar os pesquisadores aptos a: (1) desenvolver pesquisas em acervos e arquivos online; (2) tratar adequadamente os dados obtidos e (3) refletir criticamente sobre o material de arquivo e seus usos.

Introducción: La llegada de la COVID-19 al país y la necesidad de medidas para evitar su contagio, como el distanciamiento físico y el aislamiento social, hacen que el Ministerio de Educación Superior y Salud Pública emitieran orientaciones para garantizar continuidad del proceso docente, entre estas la educación a distancia para todos los niveles educacionales; para desarrollar el curso 2021, la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Holguín, en ese contexto, hizo adecuaciones en la forma de impartir las asignaturas de su currículo; la asignatura Célula, Tejidos y Sistema Tegumentario organizó el proceso docente educativo en una modalidad combinada de presencialidad y no presencial. Objetivo: Valorar el desarrollo del proceso docente educativo con la implementación de una combinación de modalidad a distancia y presencial en la asignatura Célula, Tejidos y Sistema Tegumentario. Método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo en la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas “Mariana Grajales Coello” de Holguín en el período de septiembre del 2020 a febrero del 2021. Se utilizaron métodos teóricos y empíricos. Resultados: Se diseñaron recursos para el aprendizaje y se utilizaron los medios tecnológicos con que se contaba por parte de la institución y de los actores del proceso docente, considerados efectivos, con validez y garantizaron una correcta orientación del estudiante para el desarrollo del trabajo independiente. Conclusiones: La combinación de modalidad a distancia y presencial permitió el desarrollo del proceso docente educativo en la asignatura con calidad, en el curso 2020-2021. Palabras clave: educación a distancia, proceso docente educativo, recursos tecnológicos, educación médica

Abstract In phytophagous insects, adaptation to a new host is a dynamic process, in which early and later steps may be underpinned by different features of the insect genome. Here, we tested the hypothesis that early steps of this process are underpinned by a shift in gene expression patterns. We set up a short-term artificial selection experiment (10 generations) for the use of an alternative host (Cicer arietinum) on populations of the bean beetle Zabrotes subfasciatus. Using Illumina sequencing on young adult females, we show the selected populations differ in the expression of genes associated to stimuli, signalling, and developmental processes. Particularly, the “C. arietinum” population shows upregulation of histone methylation genes, which may constitute a strategy for fine-tuning the insect global gene expression network. Using qPCR on body regions, we demonstrated that the “Phaseolus vulgaris” population upregulates the genes polygalacturonase and egalitarian and that the expression of an odorant receptor transcript variant changes over generations. Moreover, in this population we detected the existence of vitellogenin (Vg) variants in both males and females, possibly harbouring canonical reproductive function in females and extracellular unknown functions in males. This study provides the basis for future genomic investigations seeking to shed light on the nature of the proximate mechanisms involved in promoting differential gene expression associated to insect development and adaptation to new hosts.

Primary Graft Dysfunction (PGD) is a major cause of both short-term and long-term morbidity and mortality following lung transplantation. Various donor, recipient, and technical risk factors have been previously identified as being associated with the development of PGD. Here, we present a comprehensive review of the current literature as it pertains to PGD following lung transplantation, as well as discussing current strategies to mitigate PGD and future directions. We will pay special attention to recent advances in lung transplantation such as ex-vivo lung perfusion, thoracoabdominal normothermic regional perfusion, and up-to-date literature published in the interim since the 2016 ISHLT consensus statement on PGD and the COVID-19 pandemic.

This study aimed to evaluate the postharvest characteristics of edible fresh white shimeji mushrooms under different UV-C radiation doses. The experimental design used was fully randomized, in a 5 × 8 factorial scheme (UV–C radiation dose: 0 (control), 1, 2, 3, and 4 kJ m−2 x day of analysis), with 3 replications of 70 ± 1 g mushrooms each. After exposure to different doses, they were stored at 2 ± 0.5 °C and 60 ± 3.8 % RH. Data were subjected to permutational multivariate analysis (PERMANOVA) (p ≤ 0.05). There was no significance for interaction, nor the factor day, only for the UV-C radiation doses factor. Regarding PCA, among the doses applied, the dose of 2 kJ m−2 was effective in maintaining the quality of mushrooms with greater lightness, greater whiteness index, a greater amount of total extractable polyphenols, and total antioxidant activity. In conclusion, the dose of 2 kJ m−2 was effective in maintaining the postharvest quality of white shimeji mushrooms.

Clock distribution systems are used in many applications requiring accurate time basis: integrated circuits, computer networks, satellite communications, and Global Position System (GPS). Trying to automatize the design of clock distribution systems, this work presents a general formulation considering the possible topologies and parameters, building a computational tool allowing to design and evaluate the performance of any case to be studied. The developed tool enables to simulate networks setting the number of nodes, internal node parameters, topology, perturbations, and signal propagation delays. The simulation results include response times, synchronization quality, and stability for all types of arrangements: mutually connected, chains, rings, stars, and mixed architectures.

Capturing how the Caenorhabditis elegans connectome structure gives rise to its neuron functionality remains unclear. It is through fiber symmetries found in its neuronal connectivity that synchronization of a group of neurons can be determined. To understand these we investigate graph symmetries and search for such in the symmetrized versions of the forward and backward locomotive sub-networks of the Caenorhabditi elegans worm neuron network. The use of ordinarily differential equations simulations admissible to these graphs are used to validate the predictions of these fiber symmetries and are compared to the more restrictive orbit symmetries. Additionally fibration symmetries are used to decompose these graphs into their fundamental building blocks which reveal units formed by nested loops or multilayered fibers. It is found that fiber symmetries of the connectome can accurately predict neuronal synchronization even under not idealized connectivity as long as the dynamics are within stable regimes of simulations.

ObjectiveWe evaluated the extent to which frailty mediated the association between age, poor functional outcomes, and mortality after acute ischemic stroke when patients were treated with brain reperfusion (thrombolytic therapy and/or thrombectomy).Materials and methodsThis retrospective cohort study included patients diagnosed with ischemic stroke who had undergone intravenous cerebral reperfusion therapy and/or mechanical thrombectomy. We created a mediation model by analyzing the direct natural effect of an mRS score > 2 and death on age-mediated frailty according to the Frailty Index.ResultsWe enrolled 292 patients with acute ischemic stroke who underwent brain reperfusion. Their mean age was 67.7 ± 13.1 years. Ninety days after the stroke ictus, 54 (18.5%) participants died, and 83 (28.4%) lived with moderate to severe disability (2 2) or death, frailty accounted for 28% of the total effect of age. The models used to test for the interaction between age and frailty did not show statistically significant interactions for either outcome, and the addition of the interaction did not significantly change the direct or indirect effects, nor did it improve model fit.ConclusionFrailty mediated almost one-third of the effect of age on the composite outcome of disability or death after acute ischemic stroke.

Resumo Este artigo explora sentidos e significados do trabalho odontológico no SUS, no contexto da relação profissional-paciente. Pesquisa qualitativa com 20 cirurgiões-dentistas que atuavam em um município paulista de médio porte, abordada por meio de três grupos focais, com a pergunta disparadora “Qual é o sentido ou significado do seu trabalho, aqui na prefeitura, para você?”. O material foi áudio-gravado, transcrito na íntegra e analisado pelo método de análise de conteúdo temática. Procedemos a realização de leitura flutuante, categorização e discussão dos achados junto aos pares de pesquisadores para validação final. Como resultados, aponta-se a construção das categorias 1) Estranheza às necessidades percebidas pelos pacientes e a consequente medicalização da vida, e 2) Poder e consumo como significados da prática. O trabalho do cirurgião dentista, nesse contexto, evidenciou as diferenças entre as necessidades percebidas pelo paciente e aquelas que o dentista considera. Além disso, revelou o poder que emana da assimetria entre paciente e profissional como dificultador da produção de autonomia do paciente. Tais significações parecem trazer sofrimento para esses profissionais no seu trabalho. Concluiu-se que há necessidade de reflexão sobre o trabalho em saúde como forma de se evitar sofrimento, e que a prática desses dentistas é carregada de sentidos e significados.

Abstract Introduction Zika virus (ZIKV) caused an outbreak in Brazil, in 2015, being associated to microcephaly. ZIKV has a strong neurotropism leading to death of infected cells in different brain regions, including the hippocampus, a major site for neurogenesis. The neuronal populations of the brain are affected differently by ZIKV from Asian and African ancestral lineages. However, it remains to be investigated whether subtle variations in the ZIKV genome can impact hippocampus infection dynamics and host response. Objective This study evaluated how two Brazilian ZIKV isolates, PE243 and SPH2015, that differ in two specific missense amino acid substitutions, one in the NS1 protein and the other in the NS4A protein, affect the hippocampal phenotype and transcriptome. Methods Organotypic hippocampal cultures (OHC) from infant Wistar rats were infected with PE243 or SPH2015 and analyzed in time series using immunofluorescence, confocal microscopy, RNA-Seq and RT-qPCR. Results Unique patterns of infection and changes in neuronal density in the OHC were observed for PE243 and SPH2015 between 8 and 48 h post infection (p.i.). Phenotypic analysis of microglia indicated that SPH2015 has a greater capacity for immune evasion. Transcriptome analysis of OHC at 16 h p.i. disclosed 32 and 113 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in response to infection with PE243 and SPH2015, respectively. Functional enrichment analysis suggested that infection with SPH2015 activates mostly astrocytes rather than microglia. PE243 downregulated biological process of proliferation of brain cells and upregulated those associated with neuron death, while SPH2015 downregulated processes related to neuronal development. Both isolates downregulated cognitive and behavioral development processes. Ten genes were similarly regulated by both isolates. They are putative biomarkers of early hippocampus response to ZIKV infection. At 5, 7, and 10 days p.i., neuronal density of infected OHC remained below controls, and mature neurons of infected OHC showed an increase in the epigenetic mark H3K4me3, which is associated to a transcriptionally active state. This feature is more prominent in response to SPH2015. Conclusion Subtle genetic diversity of the ZIKV affects the dynamics of viral dissemination in the hippocampus and host response in the early stages of infection, which may lead to different long-term effects in neuronal population.

Pyomyositis is a deep muscle infection of bacterial origin and subacute, which can evolve with multiple intramuscular abscesses. Despite being characterized as an affection of tropical zones, its incidence in temperate zones has been increasing due to immunosuppression factors, such as infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and some types of immunosuppressive treatments. Even though it has been known for over a century, it is a rare and potentially serious condition that can lead to septic shock and death. This is a case report of a descriptive nature, which found the relevance of knowledge about this condition for an early diagnosis, enabling positive prognostic repercussions.