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The objective of this study was to compare performance on a comprehensive impulsivity battery of SUD outpatients who dropout versus those who do not dropout and of abstainers versus relapsers at 3 and 12 months of treatment follow-up. Impulsivity was measured at the start of treatment and adherence and relapse at 3 and 12 months. The participants are 115 outpatients with SUD. Motor impulsivity (Affective Go/No Go), attentional impulsivity (Stroop), delay discounting (Monetary Choice Questionnaire; MCQ), and decision making (Iowa Gambling Task; IGT) were assessed. Impulsivity was not associated with dropout. There were no relationships between treatment outcomes and the MCQ and IGT. Stroop and affective Go-No Go were associated with relapse at 3 and 12 months. Affective motor disinhibition and cognitive disinhibition predict relapse in outpatients. No cognitive aspect of impulsiveness is related to dropout., Funding for open access publishing: Universidad de Huelva/CBUA This study was supported by the “Longitudinal study about the effect of treatment on executive function recovery in patients with cocaine and alcohol dependence: implications on treatment outcomes” funded by the Delegación del Gobierno para el Plan Nacional sobre Drogas (Spain) (grant number Q7150008F-2016/034). Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Huelva / CBUA.

En los últimos años ha aumentado el interés por el estudio de la ciberviolencia en la pareja, sin embargo es necesario examinar la metodología de investigación que sustenta las evidencias obtenidas hasta el momento. Este artículo presenta una revisión sistemática de la literatura científica que analiza 30 instrumentos de medida de ciberviolencia en la pareja de adolescentes y jóvenes adultos utilizados a lo largo de estos años. Los principales resultados muestran una elevada pluralidad metodológica, conceptual y terminológica, observándose un reducido número de instrumentos con suficientes garantías psicométricas. Predominan los trabajos de procedencia estadounidense y, entre los instrumentos aplicados en muestras españolas, destaca una infrarrepresentación de indicadores de ciberviolencia de tipo sexual, lo que limita la comprensión de esta problemática. Esta investigación aporta información sobre el estado actual en el estudio de la ciberviolencia en la pareja y pone de relieve deficiencias metodológicas en la construcción del conocimiento en este campo de estudio. Este trabajo permite una mejor comprensión de la disparidad de resultados señalada por investigaciones previas, especialmente referidas a prevalencia, frecuencia y diferencias de género en este tipo de comportamientos violentos, además de sentar las bases para abordar el fenómeno desde el rigor científico. The interest for the study of the cyber dating abuse has increased in the last years; however, it is necessary to examine the research methodology that supports the evidence obtained so far. This paper presents a systematic review of the scientific literature that analyzes 30 measuring instruments of cyber dating abuse in adolescent and young adults used along these years. The main results show a methodological, conceptual and terminological plurality, observing a small number of instruments with sufficient psychometric guarantees. The instruments come mostly from the United States, and of the instruments applied to Spanish samples, few include indicators of sexual cyber dating abuse, which limits the understanding of this problem. This research provides information on the current status of the study of cyber dating abuse and highlights methodological shortcomings in the construction of knowledge in this field of study. This study allows a better understanding of the disparity of results indicated by previous research, especially referring to prevalence, frequency and gender differences in this type of violent behavior, as well as laying the foundations for addressing the phenomenon from scientific rigor.

The aim of this study was to analyze the main leisure habits of students at the University of Huelva and the relationship with perceived health by grouping the various activities into components whilst also evaluating possible gender differences. The sample was selected through random cluster sampling and was composed of 903 students from various courses and degrees. Of the sample, 73.8% were female and 26.2% were male, with a mean age of 20.82 years. The participants responded to items measuring perceived health and the inventory of leisure activities extracted from the INJUVE (Spanish Youth Observatory) survey. The results obtained offered a solution of four components, grouping the activities into passive leisure, festive leisure, sports&ndash, competitive leisure and cultural leisure. Passive leisure was the most practiced and cultural leisure the least practiced. Statistically significant differences were observed between men and women in terms of the sports&ndash, competitive component and in the perception of health. In addition, a direct relationship was found between the sports&ndash, competitive dimension and health perception. These results support the existence of a &ldquo, techno-active&rdquo, profile in males and should be considered in the creation of university policies linked to health promotion or the prevention of risk behaviors.

Background: Various authors have described the elements of impulsive approach and inhibitory control in drug users. These two components have been studied in terms of personality traits, performance on tasks that measure impulsive behavior, and neurophysiology. However, few studies have analyzed the association between these constructs. Thus, the aim of the present study is to analyze the associations between personality traits and performance on impulsivity tasks. Methods: A follow-up study was conducted with a baseline assessment at the beginning and end of treatment. The sample was composed of 121 patients undergoing treatment in therapeutic communities. Personality domains were evaluated through the PID-5. The impulsivity tasks employed were the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), Delay Discounting Test (DDT), Go/No-Go and Stroop test. Results: A correlation was found between DDT scores and the domains of detachment (r = -.315; p

Background: Interpretation bias tasks such as word association tests have shown a moderate relation with substance use, but most studies have been conducted in nonclinical samples and these tasks a...

International audience; To analyze the relationship between suicide in men and stratified measures of religiosity.Methods: We studied 192 suicides and 81 controls (nonsuicide, sudden, or accidental death). We employed the psychological autopsy method to compile diagnoses based on DSM-IV criteria. Overall, religiosity and participation in religious associations were determined using a Likert-type scale. Given the limited participation of women in the religious associations of southern Spain, only male subjects were included.Results: Religious participants had decreased risk of suicide compared to nonparticipants (OR = 0.148, 95% CI = 0.049-0.447). This lower risk was further associated with the degree of involvement in religious activity. Suicides accounted for 73.47% of subjects with no religious participation, 61.17% of those with some participation, and 56.52% of frequent participants (linear trend test Z = -2.0329, p = .042). Membership in a religious association was also associated with a lower rate of suicide compared to nonmembers (OR = 0.356, 95% CI = 0.172-0.736). This effect was similarly associated with the degree of involvement in the association. Suicides accounted for 74.67% of subjects who never participated in the activities of a religious association, 69.23% of those who sometimes participated, and 42.86% of frequent participants (linear trend test Z = -3.4082, p < .001).Conclusions: Religiosity, either as general participation or through a religious association, was associated with protection against suicide proportional to the degree of involvement in religious activities.

Section III of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition proposes an alternative diagnostic model for personality disorders based on the identification of pathological personality facets. Despite the existing evidence for the relationship between personality disorders and impulsivity in patients with substance use disorders, no study has yet been conducted within this framework. Thus, using a sample of 110 patients with substance use disorders, the present work aims to (a) analyze the relationship between the different personality facets and domains evaluated by the Personality Inventory for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (PID-5) and impulsivity and (b) explore the relationships between severity of dependency and personality facets and dimensions of impulsivity. With respect to PID-5 domains, except for sensation-seeking, antagonism and disinhibition showed correlations higher than .30 with the following dimensions: urgency, premeditation, perseverance, sensation-seeking, and positive urgency (UPPS-P). The domains of detachment and psychoticism showed weaker correlations with different UPPS-P dimensions. The risk-taking PID-5 facet explains 49% variability of the sensation-seeking dimension of UPPS-P, whereas the impulsivity facet was significant on regression models computed with lack of premeditation, positive urgency, and negative urgency dimensions. Heroin and cocaine severity of dependence were moderately related to different personality facets. Lower relationships between alcohol and cannabis severity of dependence, impulsivity, and PID-5 facets were found. As a conclusion, the relationships between personality domains and impulsivity behave similarly to their five-factor equivalents for some dimensions but not for negative urgency, which might indicate the lack of specificity of this dimension of impulsivity on this type of patients. (PsycINFO Database Record

Introducción: Diversas teorías intentan explicar las estrategias de navegación que utilizan los niños menores de 6 años, siendo el uso de la geometría el principal tema de debate. Objetivo: Estudiar los sistemas de navegación espacial en niños de 3 y 6 años y su utilización de diversos marcos de referencia geométricos y de la guía proximal. Hipótesis: Los niños emplearán la geometría como predice la teoría de los módulos geométricos. Participantes: 20 niños de 6 años y 20 de 3. Métodos: Se utilizó un laberinto circular donde los niños tenían que buscar un objeto escondido. Se formaron dos grupos: desorientados respecto a la habitación exterior y no desorientados. Resultados: Los niños de 3 años necesitaron la información geométrica de la habitación exterior, los de 6 años también son capaces de emplear la guía proximal y pueden usar la geometría del recinto experimental si su aprendizaje se ha realizado en presencia de la geometría de la habitación. Conclusiones: Los resultados apoyan la teoría de la combinación adaptativa, en lugar de la de módulos geométricos. Por otro lado, la presencia de marcos de referencia geométricos fiables facilita la utilización de otros tipos de claves que en su ausencia no son empleadas.

Self rated health, in adult population, is strongly associated with mortality and life expectancy. In younger people this association is less evident, but it may anticipate a similar risk in adult life. Our research, based on the HBSC (Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children) International collaboration, contributes to deepen the knowledge in this field by monitoring adolescents' health through a multi-national survey involving 29 European countries, plus North America (Canada and USA) and Israel.Following an established methodology, the HBSC survey has elaborated a questionnaire on health and health behaviour, filled in by a representative national sample of 11-, 13- and 15-year-old boys and girls. The sample is constituted of more than 160,000 subjects interviewed during the 2001/2002 survey. Reported symptoms and self-rated health have been analysed by sex and age and through the different countries.Girls resulted to have a poorer perception of their health, with respect to males, at all ages and in all countries (Overall OR = 1.70, 95% CI: 1.66-1.76). Age increases this risk both for males and females, with an average increase of 32% (95% CI: 29-34%) per year in the age-range 11-15. The situation is similar for reported symptoms, with an overall OR of 1.81 (95% CI: 1.77-1.85) for females of reporting three or more symptoms at least once a week; also this risk increases of 26% (95% CI: 24-27%) per year during the pre-adolescence phase. In both cases it could be shown a significant interaction effect between age and gender: OR = 1.19 (CI: 1.15-1.23) for perceived health and OR = 1.26 (CI: 1.23-1.29) for reported symptoms in females with respect to males.Even if adolescence is described as the healthiest period of life, a consistent minority of young people perceive and report a poor health and a high number of symptoms. Females are constantly in a worse position than males and older age groups are worse than younger ones.

El objetivo de este estudio es examinar las relaciones entre estrés de rol, engagement y satisfacción laboral de acuerdo con el modelo demandas-recursos laborales. El modelo propuesto plantea que el engagement media la relación entre ambigüedad, conflicto y sobrecarga de rol, por un lado y satisfacción en el trabajo, por el otro. Para verificar el modelo, se obtuvieron datos de una muestra de 586 trabajadores del sur de Espana˜ (Medad = 37.11, 50% mujeres). El ajuste del modelo y de la mediación se realizaron mediante un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales (path analysis). Los resultados mostraron que el conflicto de rol y la ambigüedad de rol junto con el engagement fueron predictores significativos de la satisfacción laboral. No obstante, el engagement no medió la relación entre el estrés de rol y la satisfacción laboral. El estrés de rol como demanda obstaculizadora explicaría el mayor impacto directo sobre la satisfacción que a través del engagement. Se proponen implicaciones prácticas y futuras investigaciones, The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between role stress, work engagement, and job satisfaction according to the Job Demands-Resources Model. The proposed model hypothesizes that work engagement mediates the relationship between role ambiguity, role conflict, and role overload on one hand, and job satisfaction on the other. To test the model, data was collected from 586 workers from southern Spain (Mage = 37.11, 50% women). Model fit and mediation test were examined using structural equation modeling (path analysis). Results showed that role conflict, role ambiguity, and work engagement were significant predictors of job satisfaction. However, work engagement did not mediate the relationship between role stress and job satisfaction. Role stress as a hindrance job demand would explain the most direct impact on job satisfaction than through work engagement. Implications for practice and future research are considered

The framework of this research is the study of prejudice between autochthonous and immigrant people. Its aim is to conduct a study of the psychometric properties of a new measure of prejudice attitude for differ- ent groups (majority and minority groups), the Prejudice Attitude Test (PAT). The PAT is based on a conceptual design of attitude with three di- mensions: cognitive, emotional and conative. This work shows the results of reliability estimates and the study of validity evidences (internal struc- ture). Sample was formed by 1967 participants: there were 992 Spanish, 500 Romanian and 475 Ecuadorian people. The sample was selected in 12 municipalities with high rates of immigrant people in their census, chosen in four autonomous communities of Spain's Mediterranean zone. The PAT shows psychometric properties suitable for its use both in majority and in minority groups: an adequate reliability, a substantive internal structure that are consistent with the construct underlying the test.

This work falls within the framework of the study of acculturation processes of natives and immigrants. Its goal is to test an explanatory multi-group model of natives' acculturation attitudes as a function of diverse psychosocial variables: Prejudice and natives' appraisal of their own culture (in a direct way) and inter-group contact and perceived inter-group similarity (in an indirect way). Participants were 499 Spaniards surveyed for their attitude towards Romanian immigrants and 493 towards Ecuadorian immigrants. The indicators used took into account three socio-cultural spheres: peripheral, intermediate and central areas. This multi-group model shows an adequate fit to the data.

Objectives: To assess whether or not communication with parents and with peers is related to experiencing psychological complaints in an attempt to explore the hypotheses of continuity and compensation or moderation between contexts. Methods: Questions on communication with their parents and peers, as well as on the frequency with which they experience psychological complaints were answered by 200,857 adolescents from 36 countries. Results: A cluster analysis detected four groups of adolescents. Those with better communication in both social contexts were the ones showing less psychological complaints. Moreover, we have found (using a regression analysis) that good communication with peers does not improve their experience of psychological complaints if the communication with parents is not good. Conclusions: We conclude that our findings are consistent with the continuity hypothesis and against the compensating or moderating one.