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O estudo parte da realização de uma live acadêmica, na qual se debateu a performance do presidente brasileiro Jair Bolsonaro durante o primeiro semestre do acontecimento da pandemia de covid-19 no país, em 2020. O evento digital, promovido em agosto daquele ano pelo Programa de Pós-Graduação em Comunicação e Poder da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, reuniu três intelectuais: a pesquisadora e professora Vera Regina Veiga França, da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais e os pesquisadores e professores portugueses João Carlos Correia, da Universidade da Beira Interior, e Vítor de Sousa, da Universidade do Minho. À luz de uma ótica humanista, os debatedores analisaram a performance de Bolsonaro, em suas ações e omissões, seu desprezo pela vida do outro e a responsabilidade que lhe cabe pelos brasileiros mortos na pandemia.

Background Coronary perforation is a life‐threatening complication of acute percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for chronic total occlusions (CTO), but data on midterm outcomes are limited. Methods and Results Data from LATAM (Latin American)‐CTO Registry (57 centers; 9 countries) were analyzed. We assessed the risk of 30‐day, 1‐year major adverse cardiac events of coronary perforation using time‐to‐event and weighted composite end point analysis having CTO PCI without perforation as comparators. Additionally, we studied the independent predictors of perforation in these patients. Of 2054 patients who underwent CTO PCI between 2015 and 2018, the median Multicenter CTO Registry in Japan and Prospective Global Registry for the Study of Chronic Total Occlusion Intervention‐Chronic total occlusions scores were 2.0 (1.0–3.0) and 1.0 (0.0–2.0), respectively. The perforation rate was 3.7%, of which 55% were Ellis class 1. After 1‐year coronary perforation had higher major adverse cardiac events rates (24.9% versus 13.3%; P

ABSTRACT Purpose: To compare robotic versus laparoscopic colectomies in colon cancer patients in general complications. Methods: Nine databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCT) investigating patients with colon cancer, submitted to robotic surgery (RS) compared to a laparoscopic (LC) approach. The risk of bias was assessed using RoB 2.0 tool, and certainty of the evidence was evaluated by Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE). Data synthesis was performed using the software R. The meta-analysis of the included studies was carried out using the fixed-effects model (DerSimonian and Laird). Heterogeneity was measured using I2 analysis. Results: A total of four studies were used with 293 patients. Three studies were used in this comparative LC vs. RS when evaluating infection rates on surgical wound sites. The odds ratio (OR) appeared to be slightly favorable to LC (OR = 3.05; 95% confidence interval–95%CI 0.78–11.96). In the hospitalization rates analysis, two randomized controlled trials were used, and the mean differences slightly favored the RS (MD = -0.54; 95%CI -2.28–1.19). GRADE evaluation detected a serious risk of bias due to RCT format and RoB-2 concurred. Conclusion: Both types of procedures seem to have their own benefits, risks, and limitations. They seem close to equal in terms of postsurgical infection and hospitalization.

Introdução: A faringite é uma infecção muito frequente do trato respiratório, podendo ser causadas por bactérias, vírus e fungos. Desconhece-se os agentes etiológicos implicados na etiologia das faringotonsilites agudas em nosso meio. Objetivo: O presente projeto teve como objetivo investigar a etiologia das faringosontilites agudas como parte de projeto de pesquisa de uso de terapia fotodinâmica no tratamento de faringotonsilites agudas. Método: Casuítica e métodos: Os paciente com farintotonsilite aguda confirmada por avaliação clínica eram inclusos no estudo mediante assinatura do Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido. A investigação etiológica do protocolo incluiu coleta de swab de orofaringe para teste rápido para EBHGA; coloração de Gram e cultura geral em ágar sangue, chocolate e Mac Conkey; reação em cadeia por polimerase (PCR) para Fusobacterium necrophorum e painel de detecção de vírus respiratórios por PCR (vírus influenza A e B, adenovírus, rhinovírus, coronavírus OC43, vírus Epstein-Barr, herpes simplex vírus, e coronavírus-19). Resultados: Resultados preliminares: De 20 e maio de 2019 a 29/01/2020 foram inclusos no estudo 47 pacientes com faringotonsilite aguda, sendo 53,2% do sexo masculino, com idade média de 23,6 anos. A etiologia foi bacteriana em 20 pacientes (42,6%), viral em sete pacientes (14,9%), e mista – bacteriana e viral em 5 pacientes (10,6%). O EBHGA foi responsável por 25,5% dos casos, o Fusobacterium necrophorum 10,6%, e EBHGB por 4,3% e o Staphylococcus aureus por 4,3%. Em relação aos vírus, o HSV foi responsável por 8% dos casos, e o EBV por 4,3%. Todos os isolados de Streptococcus beta-hemolítico Grupo A eram sensíveis à penicilina, entre 55 e 60% eram resistentes aos macrolídeos e 50% eram resistentes à clindamicina. Conclusão: As faringotonsilites agudas no estudo foram causadas por bacterias em 42,6% dos pacientes, por vírus em 14,9%, e por bactérias e virus em 10,6%. Não foi possivel isolar o agente em 31,9% dos casos. O principal agente bacteriano foi o Streptococcus beta-hemolitico do grupo A, sensivel à penicilina, com alta resistência a macrolideos (55-60%), e àclindamicina (50%). O segundo agente bacteriano foi o anaerobio Fusobacterium necrophorum, geralmente não investigado laboratorialmente nem tratado de forma rotineira, e com potencial de complicação supurativa grave. Em relação ás etiologias virais, em resultado preliminar o HSV foi responsável por 17% das faringotonsilites agudas, e o Vírus Epstein-Barr por 4,3%.

BackgroundSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is linked to high mortality, primarily through an intense inflammatory response. Diacerein has emerged as a potential therapy for COVID-19 due to its potential impact in decreasing the inflammasome activation and coronavirus replication. This study aims to explore diacerein’s influence in inhibiting both viral replication and the inflammatory response after SARS-CoV-2 infection.MethodsHuman peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were obtained from healthy volunteers and infected in vitro with SARS-CoV-2. Additionally, we carried out a pilot randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study with 14 participants allocated to diacerein (n = 7) or placebo (n = 7) therapies every 12 h for 10 days. The primary endpoint was change in plasma markers of inflammasome activation (NLRP3, caspase-1, and gasdermin-D).ResultsIn vitro protocols have shown that rhein, diacerein’s primary metabolite, decreased IL-1β secretion caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection in human PBMCs (p < 0.05), and suppressed viral replication when administered either before or after the virus incubation (p < 0.05). This later effect was, at least partially, attributed to its inhibitory effect on 3-chymotrypsin-like protease (SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro) and papain-like protease in the SARS-CoV-2 (SARS-CoV-2 PLpro) virus and in the phosphorylation of proteins related cytoskeleton network (p < 0.05). Diacerein-treated COVID-19 patients presented a smaller area under the curve for NLRP3, caspase-1 and GSDM-D measured on days 2, 5, and 10 after hospitalization compared to those receiving a placebo (p < 0.05).ConclusionThe indicated mechanisms of action of diacerein/rhein can reduce viral replication and mitigate the inflammatory response related to SARS-CoV-2. These findings are preliminary and require confirmation in clinical trials.

Introduction: Triatomines are vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas disease. Currently, there is no vaccine against this disease. Thus, control of the insect vector population is the main strategy available to reduce the number of cases. Triatomines are considered obligate hematophagous, but different alternative feeding behaviors were described, such as haemolymphagy or plant feeding.Methods: To determine the preference for sugar feeding in nymphs and adults of Rhodnius prolixus, the insects were exposed a piece of cotton containing bromophenol blue plus sucrose. In addition, we offered several sugars for different species of triatomines, and tested sugar meals as a route of delivery of insecticides in first-instar nymphs of R. prolixus. The effect of sugar feeding on the physiology of these different species of triatomines was recorded.Results: First instar nymphs ingested sucrose more strongly than other stages, and showed high mortality rates. In different species of triatomines, sucrose induced an ingestion, but engorgement varied according to the species. R. prolixus nymphs showed an indiscriminate intake of various sugars, with very different physiological effects. Furthermore, ingesting different combinations of insecticides + sugar significantly reduced insect survival.Discussion: In summary, we described for the first-time sugar feeding as a widespread behavior in several species of triatomines, and the possibility of the use of toxic sugar baits for the control of these vectors. The knowledge of feeding behavior in these insects can be fundamental for the development of new strategies to control Chagas disease.

Resumo Este artigo investiga aspectos legais e soluções éticas envolvidas no comércio ilegal de órgãos, atividade que provoca debates sobre ética e moral. Trata-se de revisão integrativa da literatura realizada por meio de busca nos portais Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, PubMed e SciELO. Foram analisados 14 artigos, que apontaram baixa oferta associada a alta demanda por órgãos como etiologia principal do problema. Constatou-se que esse mercado se aproveita de populações vulneráveis para coagi-las a doar órgãos, e, além disso, a falta de conexão entre bancos de dados internacionais e instabilidades nos países com altas taxas de tráfico dificultam a ação policial no enfrentamento desse crime. O combate ao tráfico de órgãos deve ter como base o incentivo à doação legal de órgãos, o enfrentamento do “turismo de transplante” e ações direcionadas a países mais vulneráveis. Entidades internacionais têm papel fundamental para que haja trabalho conjunto em diferentes nações na repressão desse tipo de crime.

Background Memory complaints are frequent in older adults and are associated with higher risk of cognitive decline.

It is common to use very high electric fields (E) to defibrillate hearts, which can damage cardiomyocytes, showing the importance of developing methods that can decrease the E applied in defibrillation protocols. We used COMSOL Multiphysics software to model, simulate, and analyze the application of an E in an isolated heart with monodirectional and multidirectional stimuli, using 2 pairs of electrodes and the superposition principle as a way to decrease the E applied and reduce the required number of stimulation electrodes. When applying an E of 3 V/cm in the 0°, 30°, and 60° directions, individually in the stimulation chamber, E was equal to 3.2 V/cm and its phases were equal to 0°, 30°, and 60°, respectively, validating the superposition principle. We observed a reduction up to 31.8% in | E | when applying a multidirectional stimulus when comparing to the monodirectional stimulus, in order to stimulate the same area of the heart. For the same amount of stimuli directions, we obtained up to 11.7% reduction of | E |, just by modifying the directions of the applied stimuli. In the simulation developed in this work, the superposition principle was validated in a stimulation chamber. For the same stimulated area, the multidirectional E has been always lower than the monodirectional. We observed that, in order to decrease the intensity of E, both the number of applied stimuli and their directions were relevant issues.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Maintaining normal intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) levels must be one major outcome of any ventral hernia repair, avoiding hypertension or abdominal compartment syndrome. AIMS: To evaluate IAP during ventral hernia repair using Lázaro da Silva’s procedure. METHODS: IAP measurements using intravesical pressure were performed during four crucial intraoperative moments. Twenty-eight patients submitted to incisional herniorrhaphy were analyzed. RESULTS: The IAP increased by 0.5 mmHg during the procedure, regardless of the type of prior laparotomy, sex, age, obesity, or hernia width. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the IAP increase observed, Lázaro da Silva’s procedure did not result in intra-abdominal hypertension or abdominal compartment syndrome.

Objective: To investigate whether a combined hip and knee muscle strengthening program is superior to a knee strengthening program for people after lateral patellar dislocation (LPD). Design: Single-blind, superiority, randomized controlled trial with 48 weeks follow-up. Setting: Physiotherapy out-patient clinic. Participants: Forty individuals aged 16 or older, with a history of non-traumatic LPD were randomized to a knee-based strengthening (KBSG) or quadriceps and hip strengthening exercise (HQSG) program (N=40). Inclusion criteria included a positive apprehension sign, pain on palpation along the medial retinaculum, and J sign. Exclusion criteria included restricted range of motion (

Objective: The aim was to evaluate the difference in the heat generated between zirconia (Zr) and steel (SS) drills, during implant site preparation. Material and methods: This systematic review followed the PRISMA methodology criteria and used the JBI Critical Assessment Guidelines for Quasi-Experimental Studies for quality assessment. The electronic search was conducted by using the PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases to January 2023. The formulated population, intervention, comparison, outcome (PICO) question was “Do zirconia drills generate less heat than steel drills during implant site preparation?“. The meta-analysis was based on an inverse variance (IV) method. Results: This review included 10 studies in vitro that used zirconia drills compared to steel drills with or without coatings. The meta-analysis indicated a significant difference between Zr drills and SS drills, with a lower bone temperature variation with Zr drills. Conclusions: Despite the limitations of this review, it was concluded that Zr drills had significantly less temperature variation than SS drills.

This paper reports the use of nanoparticles (NPs)-modified voltammetric sensors for the rapid determination of glycerol in the presence of ethanol and methanol, which are used in the transesterification reaction of biodiesel production. Two different modified electrodes have been prepared to form the electronic tongue (ET): copper hexacyanoferrate NPs obtained by chemical synthesis and mixed into graphite/epoxy (GEC) electrode, and nickel hydroxide NPs electrodeposited in reduced graphene oxide onto a GEC electrode. The response characteristics of these electrodes were first evaluated by building the respective calibration against glycerol, ethanol, and methanol. The electrodes demonstrated good stability during their analytical characterization, while principal component analysis confirmed the differentiated response against the different alcohols. Finally, the quantification of mixtures of these substances was achieved by a genetic algorithm-artificial neural networks (GA-ANNs) model, showing satisfactory agreement between expected and obtained values.

Background Wyburn-Mason syndrome is a rare, non-hereditary congenital disease, belonging to the group of neurocutaneous syndromes with fewer than 100 cases reported since its first description in 1937.Case report A young adult man was initially evaluated at the age of 2 years for proptosis and progressive visual impairment of the right eye, followed by impairment in ocular abduction, adduction and elevation as well as amaurosis. MRI revealed an expansive formation centred in the right orbit compromising conal spaces with distortion of eye muscles and optic nerve. The lesion extended through the superior orbital fissure into the right cavernous sinus and to the contralateral orbit. Despite embolisation, proptosis and oedema of the periorbital tissue continued to worsen. The combination of facial, ocular and intracranial vascular malformations and the exclusion of alternative aetiologies led to a diagnosis of cerebrofacial arteriovenous metameric syndrome (CAMS) 1 (Wyburn-Mason syndrome).Discussion Important differential diagnoses are other CAMS, such as Sturge-Weber syndrome, as well as other conditions such as retinal cavernous haemangioma and vasoproliferative tumours. The optimal treatment regimen for severe cases of this syndrome is still unclear. Wyburn-Mason syndrome should be considered in patients presenting multiple arteriovenous malformations with orbital apex lesions.

Charcoal plays a relevant role in developing countries, with potential to contribute to the energy needs as a cheaper and carbon-friendly alternative. In Brazil, eucalyptus-charcoal has gained attention as an input for metal-steel industries, mostly supplied by small and medium forest producers. Those commonly use rudimentary charcoal-kilns, characterized by higher greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, reduced productivity and economically unsustainable impacted by their reduced financial management. In order to fulfill this gap, a simplified financial planning model and an economic analysis of a less polluting charcoal productive system, called kilns-furnace system, were performed, also comparing to traditional charcoal-kilns. A differentiated cost of capital pricing model was also proposed, adjusted to bioenergy projects in emerging markets. Results showed that kilns-furnace system presented the best financial indicators, with greater free cash flow capacity, shorter reimbursement period, reduced charcoal production cost, better return on invested capital and a financial resilience even under pessimistic conditions. With its risk-return ratio verified, kilns-furnace larger insertion may be an attraction for charcoal producers, with probable increased long-term economic sustainability when compared to traditional kilns. The proposed cost of capital pricing model opened a new perspective for its calculation in developing countries, and should be used by producers, companies, and government in investment decision and as a guidance for financing lines.

A importância do jumento Pêga na produção de asininos e muares é notório. No entanto, apesar da sua relevância, não há um padrão de parâmetros do exame andrológico definido para a espécie, além do alto custo e difícil acesso das vaginas artificiais comerciais, que são utilizadas para a coleta de sêmen. Dessa forma, o objetivo desse trabalho foi confeccionar uma vagina artificial artesanal e coletar dados sobre os parâmetros espermáticos de um jumento. No presente trabalho, foi utilizado um jumento da raça Pêga, de 11 anos, submetido a um exame físico geral, no qual se coletou dados dos parâmetros vitais do animal e, posteriormente, foi realizada uma avaliação do aparelho reprodutor do animal, aferindo consistência, diâmetro, comprimento, largura, volume e índice testiculares, além da avaliação da integridade do epidídimo. Para a coleta do sêmen, foi utilizada uma vagina artificial artesanal, confeccionada utilizando um cano de PVC de 50 cm de comprimento, revestido de uma câmara de ar, com a inserção de um registro na sua porção superficial, permitindo a colocação de água e ar, para conferir temperatura e pressão semelhantes à vagina de uma fêmea. O sêmen foi coletado e foi avaliado quanto aos aspectos macroscópicos e microscópicos. Em suma, a vagina artificial confeccionada obteve êxito na coleta de sêmen, permitindo assim, a obtenção de resultados acerca dos parâmetros espermáticos asininos, contribuindo com os baixos dados registrados na literatura sobre a espécie.

A 7-year-old farmed white-tailed deer doe was transported to a Levy County, Florida property and began to decline in health, exhibiting weight loss and pelvic limb weakness. The doe prematurely delivered live twin fawns, both of which later died. The doe was treated with corticosteroids, antibiotics, gastric cytoprotectants, and B vitamins but showed no improvement. The doe was euthanized, and a post mortem examination was performed under the University of Florida’s Cervidae Health Research Initiative. We collected lung tissue after the animal was euthanized and performed histological evaluation, using H&E and Ziehl–Neelsen (ZN) staining, and molecular evaluation, using conventional PCR, followed by Sanger sequencing. The microscopic observations of the H&E-stained lung showed multifocal granuloma, while the ZN-stained tissue revealed low numbers of beaded, magenta-staining rod bacteria inside the granuloma formation. Molecular analysis identified the presence of Mycobacterium kansasii. This isolation of a non-tuberculous Mycobacterium in a white-tailed deer emphasizes the importance of specific pathogen identification in cases of tuberculosis-like disease in farmed and free-ranging cervids. We report the first case of M. kansasii infection in a farmed white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in Florida. Although M. kansasii cases are sporadic in white-tailed deer, it is important to maintain farm biosecurity and prevent farmed cervids from contacting wildlife to prevent disease transmission.

Aquaculture produces more than 122 million tons of fish globally. Among the several economically important species are the Serrasalmidae, which are valued for their nutritional and sensory characteristics. To meet the growing demand, there is a need for automation and accuracy of processes, at a lower cost. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are a viable alternative for automation, reducing human intervention, work time, errors, and production costs. Therefore, the objective of this work is to evaluate the efficacy of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) in counting round fish fingerlings (Serrasalmidae) at different densities using 390 color photographs in an illuminated environment. The photographs were submitted to two convolutional neural networks for object detection: one model was adapted from a pre-trained CNN and the other was an online platform based on AutoML. The metrics used for performance evaluation were precision (P), recall (R), accuracy (A), and F1-Score. In conclusion, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are effective tools for detecting and counting fish. The pre-trained CNN demonstrated outstanding performance in identifying fish fingerlings, achieving accuracy, precision, and recall rates of 99% or higher, regardless of fish density. On the other hand, the AutoML exhibited reduced accuracy and recall rates as the number of fish increased.

Epilepsy represents a condition in which abnormal neuronal discharges or the hyperexcitability of neurons occur with synchronicity, presenting a significant public health challenge. Prognostic factors, such as etiology, electroencephalogram (EEG) abnormalities, the type and number of seizures before treatment, as well as the initial unsatisfactory effects of medications, are important considerations. Although there are several third-generation antiepileptic drugs currently available, their multiple side effects can negatively affect patient quality of life. The inheritance and etiology of epilepsy are complex, involving multiple underlying genetic and epigenetic mechanisms. Different neurotransmitters play crucial roles in maintaining the normal physiology of different neurons. Dysregulations in neurotransmission, due to abnormal transmitter levels or changes in their receptors, can result in seizures. In this review, we address the roles played by various neurotransmitters and their receptors in the pathophysiology of epilepsy. Furthermore, we extensively explore the neurological mechanisms involved in the development and progression of epilepsy, along with its risk factors. Furthermore, we highlight the new therapeutic targets, along with pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies currently employed in the treatment of epileptic syndromes, including drug interventions employed in clinical trials related to epilepsy.

Abstract Modeling dynamical processes of quasiparticles in low dimensional $$\pi $$ π -conjugated systems is challenging due to electron-phonon coupling. We show that this interaction leads to linear potential energy terms in the lattice Lagrangian similar to a local “gravitational” field. The presence of quasiparticles deforms this field in a way analogous to a low-dimension solution of general relativity. Our calculations with analytical expressions for effective $$\pi $$ π -fields yield the correct band structure and deliver proper time evolution of the quasiparticle’s properties. Furthermore, we report a sharp reduction in the dynamics computational time up to two orders of magnitude, a result that has major simulation implications.

Abstract Objective Airborne infection from aerosolized SARS-CoV-2 poses an economic challenge for businesses without existing heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. The Environmental Protection Agency notes that standalone units may be used in areas without existing HVAC systems, but the cost and effectiveness of standalone units has not been evaluated. Study design Cost-effectiveness analysis with Monte Carlo simulation and aerosol transmission modeling. Methods We built a probabilistic decision-analytic model in a Monte Carlo simulation that examines aerosol transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in an indoor space. As a base case study, we built a model that simulated a poorly ventilated indoor 1000 square foot restaurant and the range of Covid-19 prevalence of actively infectious cases (best-case: 0.1%, base-case: 2%, and worst-case: 3%) and vaccination rates (best-case: 90%, base-case: 70%, and worst-case: 0%) in New York City. We evaluated the cost-effectiveness of improving ventilation rate to 12 air changes per hour (ACH), the equivalent of hospital-grade filtration systems used in emergency departments. We also provide a customizable online tool that allows the user to change model parameters. Results All 3 scenarios resulted in a net cost-savings and infections averted. For the base-case scenario, improving ventilation to 12 ACH was associated with 54 [95% Credible Interval (CrI): 29–86] aerosol infections averted over 1 year, producing an estimated cost savings of $152,701 (95% CrI: $80,663, $249,501) and 1.35 (95% CrI: 0.72, 2.24) quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) gained. Conclusions It is cost-effective to improve indoor ventilation in small businesses in older buildings that lack HVAC systems during the pandemic.

O texto procura empreender uma análise do negacionismo. Por um lado, sugerimos tratar-se de um fenômeno ideológico caracterizável em termos de uma crítica da modernidade empreendida por formuladores que não participam intelectualmente dos pressupostos modernos. Por outro lado, construímos a imagem de um negacionismo objetivo, o qual consistiria no desenrolar histórico dos limites intrínsecos do processo de socialização moderno. Para caracterizar esses limites, sugerimos uma apreensão da história da modernidade focada no caráter de classe de instituições costumeiramente convocadas por sua apologética – a sociedade civil, a ciência, o Estado. Caracterizamos como progressista o pensamento ocupado dessa apologética que, no entanto, procura ou criticar intelectualmente, ou relevar, aquele caráter de classe, o qual se torna, não obstante, historicamente evidente para as pessoas comuns, consistentemente por ele vitimadas. Nesse sentido, o processo social moderno é caracterizado como guerra civil, da qual, bem compreendido, o pensamento moderno deve ser tomado como a enunciação.

Objective: The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate the efficacy of non-surgical periodontal therapy on rheumatoid arthritis activity. Material and methods: Articles published until April 2019 were electronically searched and screened using PubMed / MEDLINE, Scopus, and Cochrane databases according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines (PRISMA). This study was recorded in the international PROSPERO database (CRD42019132205). The PICO question (population, intervention, comparison, results) was: in adult patients with rheumatoid arthritis and periodontitis (P), does non-surgical periodontal treatment (I), as compared to no treatment (C), provides better outcomes in rheumatoid arthritis activity (O). Results: After searching the databases, seven articles were selected for qualitative and five for quantitative analysis. The total number of participants included was 292, with an average age of 50.5 years. All patients had rheumatoid arthritis and periodontal disease. Non-surgical periodontal treatment significantly reduced Disease Activity Score 28 (P = 0.004; I2 = 92%) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (P = 0.01; I2 = 78%), but with no significant effect on C-reactive protein (P = 0.34; I2 = 92%). Conclusions: It can be concluded that non-surgical periodontal treatment can benefit patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Abstract In the present work, we established two novel embryonic cell lines from the mosquito Aedes fluviatilis containing or not the naturally occurring symbiont bacteria Wolbachia, which were called wAflu1 and Aflu2, respectively. We also obtained wAflu1 without Wolbachia after tetracycline treatment, named wAflu1.tet. Morphofunctional characterization was performed to help elucidate the symbiont-host interaction in the context of energy metabolism regulation and molecular mechanisms of the immune responses involved. The presence of Wolbachia pipientis improves energy performance in A. fluviatilis cells; it affects the regulation of key energy sources such as lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates, making the distribution of actin more peripheral and with extensions that come into contact with neighboring cells. Additionally, innate immunity mechanisms were activated, showing that the wAflu1 and wAflu1.tet cells are responsive after the stimulus using Gram negative bacteria. Therefore, this work confirms the natural, mutually co-regulating symbiotic relationship between W. pipientis and A. fluviatilis, modulating the host metabolism and immune pathway activation. The results presented here add important resources to the current knowledge of Wolbachia-arthropod interactions.

Este artigo busca analisar o contexto social, político, econômico e cultural brasileiro no início dos anos 1990. O trabalho tem como base a análise crítica da canção “Custa Nada Sonhar” (Itamar Assumpção/ Paulo Leminski) que possibilita a abertura para o desenvolvimento do tema proposto. Inicialmente, apresenta através de breves comentários a trajetória pessoal e profissional dos compositores. Em seguida, parte para a análise da canção dividida em texto e música. Para assim, através dos elementos presentes na obra, tratar o momento político e econômico do início desta década e o impacto ocasionado pela crise econômica no setor da indústria fonográfica. Assim como, o desenvolvimento da produção musical independente como via alternativa à lógica da indústria e do mercado.

Abstract Graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) are promising quasi-one-dimensional materials with various technological applications. Recently, methods that allowed for the control of GNR’s topology have been developed, resulting in connected nanoribbons composed of two distinct armchair GNR families. Here, we employed an extended version of the Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model to study the morphological and electronic properties of these novel GNRs. Results demonstrated that charge injection leads to the formation of polarons that localize strictly in the 9-AGNRs segments of the system. Its mobility is highly impaired by the system’s topology. The polaron displaces through hopping between 9-AGNR portions of the system, suggesting this mechanism for charge transport in this material.

Carbon-based composite nanomaterials, such as graphene oxide, have demonstrated a great potential for applications in several areas. The present work sought to obtain, via electrosynthesis, a composite material based on graphene oxide and iron oxyhydroxide deposited onto graphite pencil surface. The electrodes modifications by electrosynthesis was performed using the cyclic voltammetry technique. The graphene oxide and the electrosynthesized FeOOH cuboids were characterized by SEM-FEG, EDX. The cyclic voltammetry was used to characterize the electrochemical behavior of the graphite pencil electrode (PEG). The composites electrodes of PEG modified with GO/FeOOH (PEG/GO/FeOOH) were formed in two stages. In the first stage, there was the formation of FeHCF in PEG/GO, and subsequently, there was the formation of PEG/GO/FeOOH in alkaline medium. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17807/orbital.v12i3.1477

Objective: to describe clinical and epidemiological aspects of freshwater stingray injuries in the city of Belém, Pará, brazilian amazon. Method: descriptive, epidemiological and observational study, carried out between 1999 and 2008, using medical records from hospitals in the districts of Mosqueiro, Outeiro and Cotijuba, in Belém. Results: the majority of injuries occurred in males (67.9%) being 84.8% during leisure, mainly in the dry season (July to December) (88.6%), during the day (92.9%) affecting the feet (88.4%) primarily. Participants received medical assistance in the first hour after the accident (84.4%), with local pain (99.2%) being the main complaint. 11.3% of patients had systemic manifestations. Among the complications during evolution, local infection and infection with necrosis were the most frequent (1.7%). Wound debridement was performed in 89.2% of patients. Conclusion: stingray injuries represent an important health problem for the population of the Brazilian Amazon. Understanding its epidemiological and clinical characteristics may improve patient care in the region.

A Cardiomiopatia chagásica é uma das principais causas de insuficiência cardíaca e morte súbita na América Latina. Atualmente, estima-se que haja 12 milhões de brasileiros infectados pelo Trypanosoma cruzi, e que destes, cerca de 1,9 milhão desenvolverão a cardiomiopatia chagásica. A prática de exercício físico surge como uma opção coadjuvante no tratamento da doença de Chagas, atenuando os efeitos de sua progressão e melhorando a qualidade de vida destes pacientes. Entretanto, não há um consenso sobre um protocolo de exercícios para pacientes chagásicos. Desta forma, o objetivo deste estudo foi propor um protocolo de exercícios para pacientes com cardiomiopatia chagásica, com base nos estudos publicados acerca do tema. Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática, utilizando os Descritores: Chagas, Chagas miocardiophaty, Chagas Heart Disease e Exercise nas bases de dados Scielo e PubMed. Foi selecionado um total de sete artigos, para elaboração desta revisão, publicados entre os anos de 2010 a 2018. Os protocolos disponíveis preconizam que a prática de exercícios aeróbicos numa frequência de duas a três vezes por semana, com sessões de 60 minutos de duração, em intensidade de leve a moderada, por pelo menos dois meses, já promove benefícios à função cardíaca, respiratória e funcional destes indivíduos, impactando positivamente na qualidade de vida dos pacientes com miocardiopatia Chagásica. Assim, a indicação de protocolos de exercícios com estas características pode ser utilizada como uma opção de terapia não medicamentosa de baixo custo em associação ao tratamento clássico destes pacientes.

ABSTRACT Jambu (Acmella oleracea (L.) R.K.) is a short-cycle leafy vegetable from the Amazon region, which needs an adequate availability of water and nutrients, mainly nitrogen, to obtain a rapid mass increase. This research aimed to study the effect of different soil-water stresses and nitrogen doses on jambu cultivation in the state of Pará. The experiments were conducted at the Igarapé-Açu experimental farm of the Federal Rural University of Amazonia (UFRA). The Jamburana variety was used in a 10 × 10 cm spacing, using a randomized block design in a 4 × 4 factorial scheme with three replications. Each plot had a dimension of 0.4 × 0.5 m (0.2 m2), totaling 20 plants in 4 rows, but only the plants of the central rows were useful. Treatments consisted of four soil-water stresses (12, 18, 24, and 30 kPa) as an indication of the irrigation time (critical stress), using drip irrigation, and four nitrogen doses (0, 50, 100, and 150 kg ha−1). The use of soil-water stress of 12 kPa associated with nitrogen fertilization at a dose of 150 kg ha−1 is recommended for better development and production of jambu under the conditions this experiment was conducted.

A erosão do solo é o processo causado por um agente erosivo, que age sob o solo, a precipitação, sendo a razão do processo erosivo hídrico, onde ocorre desprendimento e o transporte pelo escoamento superficial de partículas do solo, este fenômeno depende da intensidade, frequência e duração dos eventos em uma determinada região. O município de Piaçabuçu está localizado na região do baixo São Francisco Alagoano, desta forma, objetivou-se determinar os índices de erosividade das chuvas através dos dados pluviométricos para o município de Piaçabuçu – AL, no período de 1943 a 1985. Os referidos dados foram tabulados para cálculo da chuva, o coeficiente de chuva e sua relação a erosividade utilizando seis equações. O município de Piaçabuçu apresenta uma distribuição pluviométrica anual média de 1128,52 mm, para o período de observação de 42 anos, apresentando uma ampla variação de distribuição da precipitação pluviométrica ao longo dos anos, com o período chuvoso concentrado nos meses de abril a agosto, apresentando valores médios acima da média, neste período precipitou mais de 70% das chuvas para o município. Todos os seis modelos de estimativas da erosividade apresentaram correlação considerada alta, o que os capacita para a estimativa da erosividade do município em estudo.

Abstract: Introduction: Sexuality is characterized as a device of power and Medicine plays a key role as one of the main action institutions. Medical education tends to ratify the heteronormative discourse and diagnose deviant patterns as a pathology. It is based on the binary categorization of individuals as an implication of their sexuality. The assessed medical course assumes the methodological proposal of the constructivist spiral, which seeks to guarantee the protagonism of the students, as well as the dialogue with their previous knowledge, using the concept of Meaningful Learning. Objective: To analyze the students’ experiences in the development of the competence profile related to gender and sexuality during medical school. Method: It is a qualitative research using focus groups with students attending the sixth year of the medical course. Result: The study indicates the students’ perception of the importance of active methodologies, as well as the early inclusion in the fields of practice. However, the thematic of gender and sexuality needs to be proposed in the list of triggers for the use of the constructivist spiral. Conclusion: The active teaching-learning methodologies can constitute a counter-hegemonic strategy in the face of the device of sexuality in guaranteeing biopower, as there is a reorientation of these contents in the curriculum.

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the nutritional value of silages from tall-sized and dwarf elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) genotypes, intercropped or not with butterfly pea (Clitoria ternatea). The experiment was performed in randomized complete blocks, in a 4x2 factorial arrangement (four genotypes × two cropping systems). The genotypes intercropped or not with butterfly pea were: IRI-381 and Elephant B, tall sized; and Taiwan A-146 2.37 and Mott, dwarf. Forage was harvested 60 days after regrowth. In the silage from Mott grass intercropped with butterfly pea, lower contents of lignin (78.1 g kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (636.0 g kg-1), and neutral detergent insoluble protein (13.15 g kg-1), besides a greater dry matter recovery (873.3 g kg-1), were observed. The silage from Taiwan A-146 2.37 intercropped with the legume showed a greater crude protein content (136.1 g kg-1). In both silages, the ammonia nitrogen contents were quite reduced (26.4 g kg-1). However, greater residual water-soluble carbohydrate contents were observed in the silages from the intercrop (1.85 mg g-1) and from the Mott grass monocrop (1.51 mg g-1). Moreover, there was a lower in vitro dry matter digestibility (676.7 g kg-1) for the silage from the intercrop. Dwarf genotypes increase the nutritional value of elephant grass silage, compared with the tall-sized ones. Intercropping with butterfly pea improves silage fermentation characteristics, despite reducing its digestibility. Therefore, the ensilage of dwarf Mott elephant grass intercropped with butterfly pea shows more promising results.

Abstract Background Considering the clinical importance of the ventricular fibrillation and that the most used therapy to reverse it has a critical side effect on the cardiac tissue, it is desirable to optimize defibrillation parameters to increase its efficiency. In this study, we investigated the influence of stimuli duration on the relationship between pacing threshold and defibrillation probability. Results We found out that 0.5-ms-long pulses had a lower ratio of defibrillation probability to the pacing threshold, although the higher the pulse duration the lower is the electric field intensity required to defibrillate the hearts. Conclusion The appropriate choice of defibrillatory shock parameters is able to increase the efficiency of the defibrillation improving the survival chances after the occurrence of a severe arrhythmia. The relationship between pulse duration and the probability of reversal of fibrillation shows that this parameter cannot be underestimated in defibrillator design since different pulse durations have different levels of safety.

ABSTRACT: The most tension resistant, nonmetallic, surgical suture is 5 polyester. Comparing it’s resistance to those of the dogs’ cranial cruciate ligament and the canine gastrocnemius tendon’s up until they rupture, it’s possible to detect a considerably inferior resistance on the implant’s part. With the goal of achieving high mechanical resistances from sutures, these were grouped and twisted, resulting in a surgical rope that is adjustable to the patients needs. We analyzed manufacturing methodology, final conformation and tension resistance, based on three sutures models: “A” (1 polyglactin 910), “B” (1 polyester) and “C” (5 polyester). Considering averages of thickness and final load, the “B” implants obtained lower values than “A”, indicating that polyglactin 910 ropes are more resistant than those of polyester. Moreover, the “C” implants resulted in the highest values of load and thickness, indicating that final thickness is predictive towards tension resistance. Size 1 Polyester was the only one to generate linear regression for supported load, ensuring the 25,34 Newtons (N) increment to every suture added to the implant, which suggests its use for the creation of non absorbable ropes. The use of 1 polyglatctin 910 promotes load averages superior to 1 polyester;therefore, it is indicated for making absorbable surgical ropes.

Lateral cylinder extrusion is a potential complication of penile prosthesis implantation. Several methods have been proposed for repairing this complication. We present a case where a cylinder re-routing technique, first described by Dr. John Mulcahy, was used and a revision of the literature.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between the level of fiber and its action period in diets to laying hens on performance and egg quality. 180 Hisex white hens (65 weeks-old) were randomly allocated to 3 groups of 60 birds each, comprising 10 replicates of six birds per treatment. The experimental design was factorial scheme considering three levels of fiber (2.50, 4.87 and 7.24%) in birds’ diets, and three action periods of this fiber (short - 21 days, medium - 56 days, and long - 105 days) in the feed. The estimates of treatments were firstly subjected to ANOVA and a subsequent Tukey test at 5%. Birds fed diets with moderate levels of fiber (4.87%) presented better (p < 0.05) performance. High levels of fiber caused a significant reduction in performance. Birds fed diets with low and moderate levels of fiber produced eggs with better (p < 0.05) quality. High levels of fiber caused a significant reduction in egg quality. The exposure of birds to diets with fiber for long-term caused a negative effect (p < 0.05) on performance, egg weight and percentage of its main structures, albumen height, yolk height, eggshell thickness, and the specific gravity.

The aim of this study was to evaluate nutritional value, fermentation losses, and aerobic stability of elephant grass silage (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) treated with exogenous fibrolytic enzymes. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with four replicates (experimental silos) and five levels of fibrolytic enzymes (0, 1.5, 3.0, 4.5 and 6.0%). For this, the elephant grass was ensiled at 70 days of age in plastic buckets with 20L capacity. Silos were opened 60 days after sealing. Analyses were made for chemical composition, in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), effluent losses (EL), gas losses (GL) and dry matter recovery (DMR), as well as the aerobic stability of the silage. Data were analyzed with PROC REG of SAS® University, at 5% probability. There was an increase in IVDMD content (p < 0.0001) and reduction in NDF and ADF contents (p < 0.0001) according to enzyme levels. These results were related to the increase in the degradation of fiber fractions. There were higher EL (p = 0.0062) as a function of enzyme levels and aerobic deterioration after silo opening, at all levels tested. Thus, it can be concluded that the exogenous fibrolytic enzymes change the chemical composition of elephant grass silage, and increase its digestibility and nutritional value. Moreover, when used alone as an additive, fibrolytic enzymes are not able to recover all dry matter of this silage (with effluent and gas losses), and are not able to maintain aerobic stability in the first hours after opening the silos.

O objetivo deste trabalho é investigar a participação do espectador em programas televisivos, uma vez que diversas emissoras têm incentivado o público a intervir em processos e rotinas, geralmente por meio da criação de conteúdos. Com base no referencial teórico-metodológico da semiótica de linha francesa, vamos propor aqui um modelo capaz de explicar como tais estratégias se articulam dentro das atrações de TV. Embora esse esquema tenha nascido da análise de uma série de programas sobre futebol da televisão paga, acreditamos que os resultados podem ser ampliados para outras experiências de mídia nas quais se convida o consumidor a participar.

Introdução: Diante da pandemia causada pelo novo coronavírus (SARS-CoV-2), evitar aglomerações e garantir o acesso aos serviços de saúde para aqueles que necessitam tem sido uma grande preocupação de profissionais e gestores. Na zona rural, as barreiras de acesso são ainda maiores. Métodos: Trata-se de relato de experiência da implantação de telemedicina via aplicativo de mensagens e chamadas por preceptor e residentes do Programa de Residência em Medicina de Família e Comunidade de Ouro Preto, em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde rural. Após três semanas da introdução da ferramenta, foi gerado manualmente um banco de dados por meio do programa Microsoft Excel® 2016, com posterior análise estatística descritiva. Resultados: No período analisado houve 329 interações por meio do WhatsApp, uma média de 25,3 pessoas por dia. Todas as demandas foram atendidas no prazo máximo de 24 horas. As teleconsultas foram realizadas nos formatos de mensagem escrita, áudios e videochamadas. A demanda para renovação de prescrições de medicamentos de uso continuado correspondeu a 20% dos atendimentos e a solicitação para análise de resultados de exames 9%. Dúvidas administrativas representaram 22% dos contatos realizados. Setenta e quatro por cento das teleconsultas foram resolvidas virtualmente e em 26% dos casos foi necessária avaliação presencial. Houve uma percepção positiva em relação à satisfação dos pacientes atendidos virtualmente, de acordo com os relatos dos Agentes Comunitários de Saúde e por meio de mensagens recebidas diretamente pela equipe médica pelo aplicativo. Conclusão: O uso de aplicativo de mensagens e chamadas, como ferramenta de telemedicina, mostrou ser uma estratégia viável durante a pandemia de SARS-CoV-2, especialmente importante no meio rural. Outros estudos serão necessários para investigar seus impactos no sistema de saúde e nos desfechos relevantes para a população.

Culture-independent metagenomic methodologies have enabled detection and identification of microorganisms in various biological systems and often revealed complex and unknown microbiomes. In many organisms, the microbiome outnumbers the host cells and greatly affects the host biology and fitness. Ticks are hematophagous ectoparasites with a wide host range. They vector a number of human and animal pathogens and also directly cause major economic losses in livestock. Although several reports on a tick midgut microbiota show a diverse bacterial community, in most cases the size of the bacterial population has not been determined. In this study, the microbiome was quantified in the midgut and ovaries of the ticks Ixodes ricinus and Rhipicephalus microplus before, during, and after blood feeding. Although the size of bacterial community in the midgut fluctuated with blood feeding, it was overall extremely low in comparison to that of other hematophagous arthropods. In addition, the tick ovarian microbiome of both tick species exceeded the midgut 16S rDNA copy numbers by several orders of magnitude. This indicates that the ratio of a tick midgut/ovary microbiome represents an exception to the general biology of other metazoans. In addition to the very low abundance, the tick midgut diversity in I. ricinus was variable and that is in contrast to that found in the tick ovary. The ovary of I. ricinus had a very low bacterial diversity and a very high and stable bacterial abundance with the dominant endosymbiont, Midichloria sp. The elucidation of this aspect of tick biology highlights a unique tissue-specific microbial-invertebrate host interaction.

Resumo Um dos desafios enfrentados pelo Estado brasileiro ao longo do século XIX foi a definição da área dos municípios emancipados em número crescente em especial a partir da década de 1830. Por conseguinte esse número ascendente de municípios passou a exigir maior rigor quanto à demarcação de seus territórios. Contudo o modo como eram estabelecidos os limites municipais nesse período constitui um problema considerável. Este artigo tem por objetivo discutir as dificuldades que envolvem a demarcação do território dos municípios brasileiros no século XIX, por meio do estudo de um exemplo concreto em Minas Gerais.

Abstract This reports a case of scorpionism caused by Tityus serrulatus. A male adult was stung while unloading bananas at the supply center in Belém, Pará, Brazil. The bananas originated in another state (Bahia) and were brought to Belém by truck. The patient presented with pain, edema, and erythema at the sting site, and was classified as low-risk. The specimen was identified as T. serrulatus and symptomatic treatment and clinical observation were advised. The patient was discharged later without further complications. This is the first known envenomation caused by T. serrulatus, a non-native species to Pará, in the Brazilian Amazon.

Abstract Organic nanofibers have found various applications in optoelectronic devices. In such devices, exciton diffusion is a major aspect concerning their efficiency. In the case of singlet excitons, Förster transfer is the mechanism responsible for this process. Temperature and morphology are factors known to influence exciton diffusion but are not explicitly considered in the expressions for the Förster rate. In this work, we employ a Kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) model to investigate singlet exciton diffusion in para-hexaphenyl (P6P) and α-sexithiophene (6T) nanofibers. Building from previous experimental and theoretical studies that managed to obtain temperature dependent values for Förster radii, exciton average lifetimes and intermolecular distances, our model is able to indicate how these parameters translate into diffusion coefficients and diffusion lengths. Our results indicate that these features strongly depend on the coordination number in the material. Furthermore, we show how all these features influence the emitted light color in systems composed of alternating layers of P6P and 6T. Finally, we present evidence that the distribution of exciton displacements may result in overestimation of diffusion lengths in experimental setups.