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Craniopharyngiomas and ameloblastomas are tumors of epithelial origin, mostly characterized by a benign course, slow growth and for being locally invasive. Some studies highlight the similarity of these neoplasms, especially regarding histopathological aspects. In this context, the aim of the present study was to carry out a systematic literature review correlating the clinical, radiographic, and histopathological aspects of these two tumors.Searches were conducted at the Pubmed, Periódicos Capes, Scopus, Science Direct, Web of Science and Scielo databases, according to the following inclusion criteria: publications in English or Spanish, from the 2000s and 2021, comprising case report studies, case series and literature reviews.Considering clinical and radiographic aspects, it is evident that craniopharyngiomas and ameloblastomas exhibit few similarities. Histopathologically, however, adamantinomatous craniopharyngiomas are the type of tumor that most resembles ameloblastomas, both concerning the formation of palisade epithelial cords and epithelial formations. Regarding to recurrences in cases of craniopharyngioma, it appears that a more radical surgical resection is more related to a lower recurrence rate for both craniopharyngiomas and ameloblastomas. As for the outcome, it was observed that craniopharyngiomas have a greater relationship with possible systemic disorders.This histopathological similarity is related to their origin, since both craniopharyngiomas and ameloblastomas share a relationship with the oral cavity, either partially, as in the case of craniopharyngiomas, or totally, as in ameloblastomas, not comprising the same lesion in different locations. It is important to note that the differential morphogenetic evidence observed herein between these lesions opens up a new field of study aiming at better treatment alternatives in the future.

The morphological diversity and different biological behaviors of human lesions has been attributed to the presence of cells with stem cell (SC) characteristics. Among SC markers, ALDH1 has been used in studies investigating different neoplasms and high expression of this marker was associated with clinicopathological features and prognosis in some groups. The aim of this study was to analyze the presence and distribution of SCs based on the expression of ALDH1 in epithelial odontogenic cysts and tumors. The sample consisted of 80 cases (20 dentigerous cysts (DCs), 20 odontogenic keratocysts (OKCs), 20 ameloblastomas (AMs), and 20 adenomatoid odontogenic tumors (AOTs). An immunoreactivity score was obtained from the percentage of positive cells and intensity of immunostaining. A level of 5% (p

Introduction: Obesity has emerged as one of the main public health problems. This condition triggers a series of hormonal and metabolic changes related to a low-grade chronic inflammatory condition. The trypsin inhibitor purified from tamarind (TTIp) seeds is a promising anti-inflammatory molecule, but its safety needs to be evaluated. This study aimed to evaluate TTIp bioactive dose effects on organs involved in its metabolism (liver and pancreas) and affected tissues (small intestine and perirenal adipose tissue) in an obesity model. Methods: Three groups of adult male Wistar rats were used (n = 5). Two of these groups had diet-induced obesity, and a third group was eutrophic. TTIp was administered by gavage in one of the obese groups for 10 days, while the remaining groups received a vehicle. The chromatographic profile and the inhibition assay corroded the purification of the inhibitor. Physical and behavioral changes, liver enzymes, and stereological and histopathological analyses of tissues were evaluated. Results: TTIp did not cause visible signs of toxicity, nor caused changes in liver enzymes, the liver, and pancreatic tissues. TTIp did not cause changes in the intestinal mucosa, showing improvement in the villi’s histopathological characteristics compared to the group of animals with obesity without treatment with TTIp (p = 0.004). The analysis of perirenal adipose tissue showed that the average sectional area of animals with obesity that received TTIp did not differ from the control. There was a difference between the high glycemic load diet group and the group treated with the inhibitor (351.8 ± 55.5) (p = 0.016). In addition, the group that received TTIp had no inflammatory infiltrates. Conclusion: Based on histological and stereological analysis, the use of TTIp is potentially safe and anti-inflammatory in the evaluated obesity model and can be investigated as a possible adjuvant in obesity therapy.

Odontomas and ameloblastic fibro-odontomas (AFOs) are the result of a developmental anomaly of odontogenic tissues. A literature review of proteins immunoexpressed in odontomas and AFOs was conducted in order to determine which proteins are involved in the pathogenesis of these lesions. AFO was changed to early odontoma in the 2017 WHO classification and will also be discussed in this article. A literature search was performed in the following electronic databases: PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, EMBASE, Lilacs, Cochrane Collaboration Library, and Science Direct. The research question was developed according to the population, intervention, comparison, and outcome (PICO) framework: Which proteins are related to the differentiation of odontomas and what is their interrelationship with AFOs? Thirty articles met all inclusion criteria and were selected for this systematic review, totaling 355 cases of odontomas and 43 cases of AFO. Similar immunoexpression was observed in odontomas and AFOs. Immunoexpression of proteins involved in cell differentiation was higher in compound odontomas than in complex odontomas. Proteins involved in histodifferentiation and enamel formation were more frequent in odontomas. The immunoexpression of enamel matrix proteins differs between odontomas and tooth germs, with their persistence being related to the development of odontomas. Compound odontomas exhibit the highest immunoexpression of proteins involved in cellular histodifferentiation and the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway is involved in tumor formation. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s12105-020-01260-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

BMP-2 and Noggin are expressed in several tissues and participate in cell differentiation and proliferation during odontogenesis and tumor development. We evaluated the immunohistochemical expression of these proteins in ameloblastomas (AMs), odontogenic keratocysts (OKCs), and dentigerous cysts (DCs). The expression in AM (n.20), OKC (n.20), and DC (n.20) was evaluated by the percentage of positive cells and expression intensity, resulting in a total immunostaining score. Analysis of BMP-2 and Noggin revealed positivity in all cases. The Mann-Whitney test showed a statistically significant difference for Noggin between AM and DC and between OKC/DC. The mean DC scores were always higher than those of the other groups, regardless of the assessment method. Individual analysis of each lesion showed a positive and significant correlation between the percentage of cells positive for BMP-2 and Noggin in DC. We demonstrated the presence of BMP-2 and Noggin in AMs/OKCs/DCs. Marked expression of BMP-2 was observed in OKCs and AMs. There was also a positive correlation between BMP-2 and Noggin in DCs, suggesting a greater role of these markers in the bone formation and remodeling process since DCs are characterized by phases of bone quiescence and healing.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a worldwide health concern, and projections state that cases will reach 578 million by 2030. Adjuvant therapies that can help the standard treatment and mitigate DM effects are necessary, especially those using nutritional supplements to improve glycemic control. Previous studies suggest creatine supplementation as a possible adjuvant therapy for DM, but they lack the evaluation of potential morphological parameters alterations and tissue injury caused by this compound. The present study aimed to elucidate clinical, histomorphometric, and histopathological consequences and the cellular oxidative alterations of creatine supplementation in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 DM rats. We could estimate whether the findings are due to DM or the supplementation from a factorial experimental design. Although creatine supplementation attenuated some biochemical parameters, the morphological analyses of pancreatic and renal tissues made clear that the supplementation did not improve the STZ-induced DM1 injuries. Moreover, creatine-supplemented non-diabetic animals were diagnosed with pancreatitis and showed renal tubular necrosis. Therefore, even in the absence of clinical symptoms and unaltered biochemical parameters, creatine supplementation as adjuvant therapy for DM should be carefully evaluated.

Several studies have sought new therapies for obesity and liver diseases. This study investigated the effect of the trypsin inhibitor isolated from tamarind seeds (TTI), nanoencapsulated in chitosan and whey protein isolate (ECW), on the liver health status of the Wistar rats fed with a high glycemic index (HGLI) diet. The nanoformulations without TTI (CW) and ECW were obtained by nanoprecipitation technique, physically and chemically characterized, and then administered to the animals. The adult male Wistar rats (n = 20) were allocated to four groups: HGLI diet + water, standard diet + water, HGLI diet + ECW (12.5 mg/kg), and HGLI diet + CW (10.0 mg/kg), 1 mL per gagave, for ten days. They were evaluated using biochemical and hematological parameters, Fibrosis-4 Index for Liver Fibrosis (FIB-4), AST to Platelet Ratio Index (APRI) scores, and liver morphology. Both nanoparticles presented spherical shape, smooth surface, and nanometric size [120.7 nm (ECW) and 136.4 nm (CW)]. In animals, ECW reduced (p &lt, 0.05) blood glucose (17%), glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (39%), and alkaline phosphatase (24%). Besides, ECW reduced (p &lt, 0.05) APRI and FIB-4 scores and presented a better aspect of hepatic morphology. ECW promoted benefits over a liver injury caused by the HGLI diet.

To investigate the contribution of MMP-13 in tumor aggressiveness, by acting on the reorganization of the extracellular matrix, regulating the biological activity of cytokines in odontogenic epithelial lesions, as well as to evaluate the role of EMMPRIN as an inducer of MMP-13. Twenty solid ameloblastomas (SAs), 10 unicystic ameloblastomas (UAs), 20 odontogenic keratocysts (OKCs), and 20 adenomatoid odontogenic tumors (OATs) were selected. The expression of MMP-13 and EMMPRIN was evaluated in epithelial/connective tissue by determining the score of immunoreactive cells. Higher concentration of MMP-13 was observed in epithelium of SAs and OKCs (p = 0.316), while in connective, MMP-13 was more expressed in OKCs and UAs (p = 0.213). OKCs exhibited the highest immunoreactivity score for EMMPRIN in the epithelium (p = 0.091). In connective tissue, a larger number of immunoreactive cells were observed in OKCs and UACs (p = 0.357). There was a moderate correlation (r = 0.343/p = 0.004) between MMP-13/EMMPRIN in epithelium and strong correlation (r = 0.474/p

The aim of this work was to trace an epidemiological and clinical profile of oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cases diagnosed as lip and tongue SCC from June 2001 to 2018 at a pathology anatomy service located in Northeastern Brazil. Age, sex, duration, location, growth type, staining, metastasis, etiologic agents and lesion size data were obtained fr om patient clinical files and histopathological reports. A total of 124 cases were recorded, with tongue SCC being the most preval ent. The common characteristics of both assessed SCCs included higher frequency in men, mean age of 60 years old, evidence mostly of exophytic lesions and maximum size of 4 cm, predominantly diagnosed after a maximum of 1 year of appearance. Regarding divergent findings, lip SCC occurred mostly in the lower portion of the lip, presenting a predominantly leukoplastic color, with regular smoking habits and sunlight identified as the main etiological agents, and no strong relation to metastasis. On the other hand, tongue SCC mostly exhibiting predominantly erythroleukoplastic staining, with a greater relationship to alcohol - associated smoking and regular smoking habits. The highest percentage of patients with metastasis presented tongue SCC. Although lip and tongue SCC display a male preference, an increasing amount of female involvement has been noted over the years, due to the adoption of deleterious habits such as smoking and alcoholism. Tongue SCC presented a greater relationship with metastasis and clinical leukoeritroplastic evidence. This greater aggressiveness could be related to the unfavorable locat ion of these lesions in relation to lip SCC, sometimes making it difficult to identify in their early development stages.

A fibropapilomatose (FP) é uma doença multifatorial, neoplásica e infecciosa que afeta todas as espécies de tartarugas marinhas, e o Chelonid alphaherpesvirus 5(ChHV5) tem sido apontado como o agente etiológico primário. Essa doença é caracterizada por tumores cutâneos, mas fibromas viscerais, mixofibromas e fibrossarcomas também têm sido relatados e podem interferir nas funções sistêmicas. Apesar de descrições anteriores de neoplasias viscerais em tartarugas marinhas do Havaí e Flórida, algumas infectadas pelo ChHV5, há poucos relatos de tumores não cutâneos em tartarugas marinhas no Brasil. Para preencher essa lacuna, analisamos amostras de neoplasias internas de quatro tartarugas verdes (Chelonia mydas) através de técnicas histopatológicas e moleculares. Neoplasias cutâneas foram quantificadas e classificadas de acordo com seus tamanhos e escores para determinar a severidade da FP, e a presença de tumores internos foi confirmada postmortem durante necropsia. Quarenta e oito tumores cutâneos (7-23 por indivíduo) foram encontrados nas tartarugas verdes amostradas, e a severidade da FP foi classificada como leve (2 indivíduos) e moderada (2 indivíduos). Neoplasias viscerais foram encontradas em pulmão (n=4), coração (n=1), intestino (n=2), esôfago (n=1), estômago (n=1), fígado (n=1), baço (n=1), músculo esquelético (n=1) e rim (n=2), sendo classificadas como fibromas e uma como mixofibroma renal. Não detectamos DNA do ChHV5 nos fibromas esofágico, muscular esquelético e hepático. Nossa pesquisa relata nova descrição de mixofibroma renal e detecção do ChHV5 em neoplasias viscerais de tartarugas verdes no Brasil, melhorando o conhecimento sobre prevalência, localização anatômica e severidade dos tumores internos associados à FP.

Introduction Several treatments have been used to reduce inflammation and to reverse epithelial alterations in actinic cheilitis (AC). Aim A systematic review was conducted to analyze the potential of topical treatments for remission and clinical improvement of AC as well as patient acceptability. Methods A systematic review of clinical trials was conducted following the PICO strategy to answer the following question: Are topical anti-inflammatory and antineoplastic agents effective in the treatment of actinic cheilitis? The quality of the studies was assessed by ROB-2 and the certainty of evidence was rated by GRADE guidelines. Results Eight clinical trials were selected, including four that investigated the use of anti-inflammatory drugs and four use of antineoplastic agents. The use of 3% diclofenac sodium was associated with partial remission of AC, while 5% imiquimod and ingenol mebutate promoted complete remission. Furthermore, 5% fluorouracil was the drug most associated with complications during treatment. Diclofenac sodium (3%) and fludroxycortide showed the best acceptance by the patients, especially in terms of symptom relief and comfort provided. Conclusion The anti-inflammatory and antineoplastic agents analyzed largely provided good clinical outcomes, with evidence of remission of AC lesions, development of few local adverse reactions during treatment, and good patient adherence.

We investigated elastofibromas (EF) and elastofibroma-like structures (EFL) in 95 cases that had been diagnosed as oral fibromas (OF). Histological sections were stained with Verhoeff-Van Gieson, Congo red and hematoxylin and eosin to enable possible reclassification to EF or EFL, or to retain the diagnosis of OF. To do this, we identified amyloid and used histopathological descriptions and epidemiological clinical profiles. We found 56 EF and 21 EFL cases, while 18 diagnoses of OF were retained. We observed a predilection for EF in females. Also, the most common site for OF was the cheek mucosa. We also found a longer time course for lesion development for OF compared to the other lesions. We found a relation between elastic fibers and amyloid material in EF. We also observed perivascular fibrotic lesions (PVFL) in EF. Most cases of EF exhibited more elastic fibers, thicker fibers, stronger relation with amyloid material deposition, rare evidence of PVFL and a longer time course for development compared to the other lesions. We suggest that EFL may give rise to oral EF.

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to carry out a retrospective analysis and evaluate the recurrence rate of cases histopathologically diagnosed as odontogenic keratocysts in an Oral Pathology Service in Northeastern Brazil. Methods: The data of the present research were obtained from clinical files from our Service, and included information on patients’ age and sex, keratocysts’ anatomical location, association with teeth and radiographic aspect, type of biopsy, symptoms, type of data collected, treatment, recurrence, and possible association with Gorlin syndrome. Results: During the study period, 15,670 case records of maxillofacial lesions were obtained, of which 106 (0.67%) were histopathologically diagnosed as odontogenic keratocysts. Recurrence was observed in 13.2% of cases. Conclusions: The recurrence of odontogenic keratocysts was not associated with their anatomical location, the patient’s sex, or the radiographic appearance at the time of diagnosis. Odontogenic keratocysts were identified as a non-aggressive cystic lesion, with a low rate of recurrence when treated conservatively by decompression and surgical enucleation.

Periodontal disease is characterized as a disorder of the oral microbiota resulting in an immune response which, in turn, leads to the destruction of periodontal tissue. Matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) has been reported as the major metalloproteinase involved in periodontal disease, being present at high levels in gingival crevicular fluid and salivary fluid (SF). The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the scientific literature regarding the expression of MMP-8 in gingival crevicular fluid and SF in patients with periodontal disease, analyzing its validity as a possible biomarker in the diagnosis of periodontal disease. A systematic review of the literature was performed using the PubMed/Medline, CENTRAL and Science Direct databases. Studies concerning the use of MMP-8 in the diagnosis of periodontal disease that evaluated its effectiveness as a biomarker for periodontal disease were selected. The search strategy provided a total of 6483 studies. After selection, six articles met all the inclusion criteria and were included in the present systematic review. The studies demonstrated significantly higher concentrations of MMP-8 in patients with periodontal disease compared with controls, as well as in patients presenting more advanced stages of periodontal disease. The findings on higher MMP-8 concentrations in patients with periodontal disease compared with controls imply the potential adjunctive use of MMP-8 in the diagnosis of periodontal disease.

Background The objective of this study was to describe the upper and lower lip lesion occurrence in an oral diagnostic service. Material and Methods Retrospective descriptive sectional study was performed. Clinical records were obtained from the archives of an Oral Diagnostic Service referral center between 2006 and 2016. Data such as gender, age, anatomical location, and diagnosis were collected and categorized. The collected data were submitted to a descriptive analysis and Pearson's chi-square test (p ≤ 0.05). Results A total of 587 patient records of lip lesions were analyzed. Most lesions were diagnosed in female (52.1%) and adults (56.9%) patients in the lower lip (76.2%). Among all lip lesions, the reactive/inflammatory lesions (n = 238; 40.5%) and oral potentially malignant disorders (n = 164; 28%) were the most frequent group lesions. Mucocele (n = 147; 25%), actinic cheilitis (n = 136; 23.1%) and vascular lesions (n = 51; 8.7%) were the most frequent lesion in the sample. Actinic cheilitis was significant in relation to gender (p < 0.001), all three most frequent lesions were significant in concerning to age group and anatomical site. Conclusions Mucocele was the most common lower lip lesion in all age groups, followed by actinic cheilitis and vascular lesions, which mainly affected adults and the elderly. Key words:Lip, lip lesions, oral diseases, epidemiology.

Foreign bodies can penetrate the interior of soft and, sometimes, hard, tissues in various ways, including through open wounds, lacerations and traumatic accidents. However over the years, evidence of links between the use of dental materials and lately, significant involvement of aesthetic filler materials as foreign bodies in the oral and perioral region have been reported. Foreign body granulomas (FBGs) may develop from this exogenous material, histopathologically characterized by the presence of chronic inflammation and a high amount of macrophages. This study presents nine FBG cases affecting the oral and perioral regions, and carries out a literature review on the main clinical, histopathological and material characteristics used in dental and dermatological procedures related to the appearance of this type of granuloma.

RESUMO Objetivo Descrever o perfil clínico-epidemiológico dos portadores de fissuras orofaciais, atendidos em um Centro de Referência do Nordeste do Brasil. Métodos Estudo descritivo, baseado em dados secundários de prontuários médicos. Informações sociodemográficas do portador e da mãe, uso de medicamentos durante a gestação, aspectos clínicos e cirúrgicos relacionados às fissuras, histórico familiar da malformação e consanguinidade dos pais foram investigadas. Os dados foram analisados descritivamente, com o uso do programa estatístico SPSS (Statistical Package for te Social Sciences), no qual foram obtidas medidas de frequência, média e desvio padrão. Resultados 51,1% dos portadores de fissuras orofaciais eram do sexo feminino, 46,2% menores de um ano e 54,4% eram procedentes na zona urbana. A maioria das mães encontrava-se na faixa etária entre 16 a 25 anos durante o período gestacional e relatou uso de medicação em 59,2% dos casos. A fissura transforame incisivo foi a mais diagnosticada (34,4%). No momento de cadastro ao Centro de Reabilitação de Anomalias Craniofaciais, 90,5% dos indivíduos ainda não haviam realizado tratamento cirúrgico. História familiar de fissura foi observada em 29,8% dos casos estudados e em apenas 7,1% desses foi reportado consanguinidade entre os pais. Conclusão Os fatores socioeconômicos e genéticos podem exercer influência sobre o desenvolvimento de fissuras orofaciais, o que exige uma maior atenção governamental assim como novos estudos para melhor investigação. ABSTRACT Objective To describe the clinical-epidemiological profile of patients with orofacial fissures treated at a reference center from northeast Brazil. Materials and Methods Descriptive study, based on secondary data obtained from medical records. Sociodemographic information of patients and their mothers, use of medication during pregnancy, clinical and surgical aspects related to fissures, family history of malformation, and consanguinity among the parents were investigated. Data were analyzed descriptively using the SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) statistical program to obtain frequency, mean and standard deviation measures. Results 51.1% of the patients with orofacial fissures were female, 46.2% were under one year of age and 54.4% lived in urban areas. The majority of mothers were between the ages of 16 and 25 during the gestational period, and 59.2% reported the use of medication. Cleft lip and palate were the most prevalent types of fissures (34.4%). On admission to the Craniofacial Anomaly Rehabilitation Center, 90.5% of the individuals had not yet undergone surgical treatment. Family history of fissure was found in 29.8% of the cases studied, but inbreeding among parents was reported in only 7.1% of them. Conclusion Socioeconomic and genetic factors can influence the development of orofacial fissures; this requires greater governmental attention as well as new studies for better investigation. RESUMEN Objetivo Describir el perfil clínico-epidemiológico de los portadores de fisuras orofaciales, atendidos en un Centro de Referencia del Nordeste de Brasil. Métodos Estudio descriptivo, basado en datos secundarios de pronóstico médicos. La información sociodemográfica del portador y de la madre, uso de medicamentos durante la gestación, aspectos clínicos y quirúrgicos relacionados con las fisuras, historia familiar de la malformación y consanguinidad de los padres fueron investigadas. Los datos fueron analizados descriptivamente, con el uso del programa estadístico SPSS (Statistical Package for te Social Sciences), en el cual se obtuvieron medidas de frecuencia, media y desviación estándar. Resultados 51,1% de los portadores de fisuras orofaciales eran del sexo femenino, 46,2% menores de un año y 54,4% eran procedentes en la zona urbana. La mayoría de las madres se encontraban en el grupo de edad entre 16 a 25 años durante el período gestacional y relató uso de medicación en el 59,2% de los casos. La fisura transforam incisiva fue la más diagnosticada (34,4%). En el momento de la inscripción en el Centro de Rehabilitación de Anomalías Craneofaciales, el 90.5% de los individuos aún no se habían sometido a tratamiento quirúrgico. La historia familiar de fisura fue observada en el 29,8% de los casos estudiados y en apenas el 7,1% de esos fue reportado consanguinidad entre los padres. Conclusión Los factores socioeconómicos y genéticos pueden influir en el desarrollo de fisuras orofaciales, lo que exige una mayor atención gubernamental así como nuevos estudios para una mejor investigación.

Aim To investigate the presence of myofibroblasts (MFBs) in epithelial odontogenic lesions by immunohistochemistry and to correlate the findings with tumor aggressiveness, as well as to analyze the expression of TGF-β1 and IFN-γ during the differentiation of these cells. Methods and Results Twenty solid ameloblastomas (SAs), 10 unicystic ameloblastomas (UAs), 20 keratocystic odontogenic tumors (KCOTs), and 20 adenomatoid odontogenic tumors (AOTs) were selected. For evaluation of the presence of MFBs, anti-α-SMA-immunoreactive cells were quantified in connective tissue near the epithelium. The expression of TGF-β1 and IFN-γ was evaluated in epithelial and connective tissue by determining the percentage of immunoreactive cells. A higher concentration of MFBs was observed in SAs (mean of 30.55), followed by KCOTs (22.50), UAs (20.80), and AOTs (19.15) (P = 0.001). There was no significant correlation between the immunoexpression of TGF-β1 or IFN-γ and the number of MFBs (P > 0.05). Conclusions The larger number of MFBs suggests that these cells are one of the factors responsible for the more aggressive biological behavior of these lesions. The lack of correlation between the number of MFBs and immunoexpression of TGF-β1 and IFN-γ indicates that these proteins are not involved in the differentiation of this type of contractile cell in the lesions studied and that only the use of immunohistochemistry to establish such a correlation is a limiting factor.

Objective The aim of this study was to assess vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C) and VEGF-D expressions, tumor lymphatic density (D2–40) and endothelial lymphatic proliferation (D2–40/Ki-67 double labeling) in a series of salivary gland neoplasm cases. Materials and methods Twenty pleomorphic adenomas (PA), 20 adenoid cystic carcinomas (ACC) and 20 mucoepidermoid carcinomas (MEC) were assessed, as well as 10 normal minor salivary gland (SG) tissues for comparison. Results All cases presented positive VEGF-C expression in the peritumoral and intratumoral regions, and no differences in immunoexpression were detected between groups. However, the ACC group presented a significant difference in VEGF-C immunoexpression according to the predominant histological pattern. Most cases presented poor VEGF-D labeling in the peritumoral and intratumoral regions. Concerning peritumoral, intratumoral and total lymphatic endothelial density, the assessed groups revealed an increasing gradient, with lower values for PA, followed by MEC and ACC. Conclusion No correlation was detected between VEGF-C and VEGF-D immunoexpression in relation to lymphatic tumor density and endothelial lymphatic proliferation. Western blotting (WB) revealed no difference between VEGF-C and VEGF-D expression among the lesions, corroborating the immunohistochemistry findings.

We performed an epidemiological, clinical and histopathological analysis of oral lymphoid lesions (OLLs) during a 47-year period. Data regarding patient age, sex, duration, location, symptomatology, type of growth, implantation, staining, presence of ulceration and bleeding of all cases were compiled from the clinical data. For the histopathological analyses, all slides stained by H/E were reassessed. During the analyzed period, 14,565 patients with oral and maxillofacial lesions were diagnosed, with 45 cases diagnosed as OLLs. The most prevalent location was the tongue. Females were more affected, and the mean age was 40.8 years. OLLs presented a heterogeneous frequency, with the prevalence of reactive lesions (42.3%) followed by developmental lesions (35.6%). Among the reactive lesions, foreign body granulomas were the most common. Regarding diagnosed neoplasms, malignant represented 13.2% of the cases. The average time of evolution of OLLs in general was of 22.2 months. Regarding the histopathological characteristics, the presence of primary lymphoid follicles was observed in 37.8% of the cases, while inflammatory infiltrates were diffuse in 66.7% and epimyoepithelial islands were observed in 13.3%. Our study concludes that OLLs involves a broad spectrum of lesions that share the presence of the lymphoid component, which can range from indolent to more aggressive behavior.

This study aimed to evaluate tryptase and E-cadherin protein expression in odontogenic keratocysts (OKCs) and radicular cysts (RCs) and their relationship with lesion size.Thirty OKC and 30 RC cases were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Tryptase expression was quantitatively assessed using the quantification of mast cells, and expression of E-cadherin was semi-quantitatively analyzed estimating the proportion of positive cells: 1 = less than 25% of immunopositive cells; 2 = 26 to 50% of immunopositive cells; 3 = 51 to 75% of immunopositive cells; 4 = more than 75% of immunopositive cells. Data on cystic lesion sizes were obtained from patients' clinical files, based on previous radiographic exams, and the lesions were categorized into three groups: group 1 ( 2 to 2 cm); group 2 ( 2 to 4 cm), and group 3 ( 4 cm).Higher mast cell means were found for RCs, with the predominance of degranulated mast cells in both OKCs and RCs (p = 0.082). Concerning the epithelial component, a higher concentration of degranulated mast cells was detected in RCs (p = 0.000). Regarding connective tissue, degranulated mast cells were more evident in OKCs (p = 0.762). A negative correlation was observed between E-cadherin expression and total number of mast cells (p = 0.011), degranulated mast cells (p = 0.040), and degranulated mast cells in both superficial (p = 0.035) and deep connective tissues (p = 0.009). Concerning lesion size, a negative correlation with total number of mast cells (p = 0.016) and number of degranulated mast cells (p = 0.049) was observed, both in the epithelial components. Herein, the larger the lesion size, the lower the number of degranulated mast cells in the epithelium (r = - 0.271; p = 0.49), suggesting that these cells play a role in the initial cystic expansion phase.The higher expression of tryptase in degranulated mast cells was linked to a lower expression of E-cadherin, which may be related to a change in the epithelial permeability in these lesions, contributing to increased cystic content and lesion growth.Evidence of the relationship between mast cells and E-cadherin in the growth of odontogenic cysts was studied.

To compare the immunohistochemical expression of matrix metalloproteinases-2, -7, -9 and -26 and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases-1 and -2 in pleomorphic adenomas and adenoid cystic carcinomas of the minor salivary glands. Twenty cases of pleomorphic adenomas and 20 cases of adenoid cystic carcinomas were evaluated for the immunohistochemical expression of matrix metalloproteinases-2, -7, -9, and -26 and tissue inhibitors-1 and -2 in tumor parenchyma. Most pleomorphic adenomas and adenoid cystic carcinomas showed high expression of matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors, predominantly located in the tumor cells. There was no statistically significant difference in the expression of the metalloproteinases-2 (p = 0.359), -7 (p = 0.081), and -26 (p = 0 553), as well as the tissue inhibitors-1 (p = 0.657), and -2 (p = 0.248) between the parenchyma of the studied tumors. Only matrix metalloproteinase-9 showed a significant difference in expression between the two tumors, with adenoid cystic carcinoma showing a more intense staining for this gelatinase (p = 0.041). The expression of the studied metalloproteinases suggests the involvement of these enzymes in the tissue remodeling process in pleomorphic adenomas and adenoid cystic carcinomas, but only MMP-9, significantly expressed in the adenoid cystic carcinomas, appears to be involved in the process of invasiveness and more aggressive behavior of these tumors. Additionally, results point that TIMPs-1 and -2 may have more complex functions besides metalloproteinase inhibition, which may be related to the pathogenesis and biological behavior of salivary gland tumors.

Benign epithelial odontogenic lesions are great clinical importance entities that develop in the jaws from the tissues that form teeth. It has been shown that benign and malignant tumors are present in a large number of tumor stem cells, which has great implications in the development of these lesions. Oct-4 and CD44 have been demonstrated as important markers for tumoral stem cells. The aim of this study was investigate the presence of stem cell markers Oct-4 and CD44 in benign epithelial odontogenic lesions. Twenty odontogenic keratocysts (OKC), 20 ameloblastomas (AMB) of the solid/multicystic type and 20 adenomatoid odontogenic tumors (AOT) were retrospectively analyzed for immunohistochemical detection of Oct-4 and CD44 in their epithelial component. All cases were positive for the two markers, with the majority exhibiting a high expression. Analysis of the expression of Oct-4 revealed no statistically significant differences (p = 0.406) between the lesions studied. Regarding CD44, there was a significant difference between the cases of AMB and AOT in relation with OKC, with the latter presenting a greater labelling (p = 0.034). No statistically significant correlation between Oct-4 and CD44 was observed in the lesions. In our findings, the presence of stem cell-like phenotype at various sites of the epithelial component of the odontogenic lesions was identified, suggesting its possible participation in histogenesis and differentiation without, however, exerting influence on the aggressiveness of the lesions.

Objective Analyze the presence of myofibroblasts (MFBs) in oral fibrous lesions and investigate TGF-β1 and IFN-γ expression by immunohistochemistry during their differentiation. Design Twenty giant cell fibromas (GCFs), 20 fibromas (FIBs), and 20 fibrous hyperplasias (FHs) were selected. To evaluate the presence of MFBs, anti-α-SMA-immunoreactive cells were quantified in connective tissue. TGF-β1 and IFN-γ expressions were evaluated in epithelial and connective tissue by determining the percentage of immunoreactive cells. Results Higher MFBs concentrations were observed in GCFs (median of 20.00), followed by FHs (15.00) and FIBs (14.00) (P = 0.072). No significant correlation between TGF-β1 or IFN-γ immunoexpression and the number of MFBs in oral fibrous lesions was observed (P > 0.05). Conclusions The higher density of MFBs found in GCFs, followed by FHs and FIBs, reaffirms the fibrogenic role of these cells, while the higher concentrations detected in GCFs, including evidence of giant MFBs, also suggest a role in the neoplastic behavior of these lesions. No correlation was observed between TGF-β1 and IFN-γ in the myofibroblastic transdifferentiation process of the analyzed lesions.

To describe the clinical-epidemiological profile of patients with orofacial fissures treated at a reference center from northeast Brazil.Descriptive study, based on secondary data obtained from medical records. Sociodemographic information of patients and their mothers, use of medication during pregnancy, clinical and surgical aspects related to fissures, family history of malformation, and consanguinity among the parents were investigated. Data were analyzed descriptively using the SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) statistical program to obtain frequency, mean and standard deviation measures.51.1% of the patients with orofacial fissures were female, 46.2% were under one year of age and 54.4% lived in urban areas. The majority of mothers were between the ages of 16 and 25 during the gestational period, and 59.2% reported the use of medication. Cleft lip and palate were the most prevalent types of fissures (34.4%). On admission to the Craniofacial Anomaly Rehabilitation Center, 90.5% of the individuals had not yet undergone surgical treatment. Family history of fissure was found in 29.8% of the cases studied, but inbreeding among parents was reported in only 7.1% of them.Socioeconomic and genetic factors can influence the development of orofacial fissures; this requires greater governmental attention as well as new studies for better investigation.Descrever o perfil clínico-epidemiológico dos portadores de fissuras orofaciais, atendidos em um Centro de Referência do Nordeste do Brasil.Estudo descritivo, baseado em dados secundários de prontuários médicos. Informações sociodemográficas do portador e da mãe, uso de medicamentos durante a gestação, aspectos clínicos e cirúrgicos relacionados às fissuras, histórico familiar da malformação e consanguinidade dos pais foram investigadas. Os dados foram analisados descritivamente, com o uso do programa estatístico SPSS (Statistical Package for te Social Sciences), no qual foram obtidas medidas de frequência, média e desvio padrão.51,1% dos portadores de fissuras orofaciais eram do sexo feminino, 46,2% menores de um ano e 54,4% eram procedentes na zona urbana. A maioria das mães encontrava-se na faixa etária entre 16 a 25 anos durante o período gestacional e relatou uso de medicação em 59,2% dos casos. A fissura transforame incisivo foi a mais diagnosticada (34,4%). No momento de cadastro ao Centro de Reabilitação de Anomalias Craniofaciais, 90,5% dos indivíduos ainda não haviam realizado tratamento cirúrgico. História familiar de fissura foi observada em 29,8% dos casos estudados e em apenas 7,1% desses foi reportado consanguinidade entre os pais.Os fatores socioeconômicos e genéticos podem exercer influência sobre o desenvolvimento de fissuras orofaciais, o que exige uma maior atenção governamental assim como novos estudos para melhor investigação.Describir el perfil clínico-epidemiológico de los portadores de fisuras orofaciales, atendidos en un Centro de Referencia del Nordeste de Brasil.Estudio descriptivo, basado en datos secundarios de pronóstico médicos. La información sociodemográfica del portador y de la madre, uso de medicamentos durante la gestación, aspectos clínicos y quirúrgicos relacionados con las fisuras, historia familiar de la malformación y consanguinidad de los padres fueron investigadas. Los datos fueron analizados descriptivamente, con el uso del programa estadístico SPSS (Statistical Package for te Social Sciences), en el cual se obtuvieron medidas de frecuencia, media y desviación estándar.51,1% de los portadores de fisuras orofaciales eran del sexo femenino, 46,2% menores de un año y 54,4% eran procedentes en la zona urbana. La mayoría de las madres se encontraban en el grupo de edad entre 16 a 25 años durante el período gestacional y relató uso de medicación en el 59,2% de los casos. La fisura transforam incisiva fue la más diagnosticada (34,4%). En el momento de la inscripción en el Centro de Rehabilitación de Anomalías Craneofaciales, el 90.5% de los individuos aún no se habían sometido a tratamiento quirúrgico. La historia familiar de fisura fue observada en el 29,8% de los casos estudiados y en apenas el 7,1% de esos fue reportado consanguinidad entre los padres.Los factores socioeconómicos y genéticos pueden influir en el desarrollo de fisuras orofaciales, lo que exige una mayor atención gubernamental así como nuevos estudios para una mejor investigación.

El objetivo fue determinar la distribucion de los tumores odontogenicos epiteliales diagnosticados histologicamente en un periodo de 41 anos en una poblacion brasilena segun edad, sexo y la zona afectada y comparar estos datos con estudios anteriores de otros paises. Los datos de los tumores odontogenicos epiteliales diagnosticados fueron obtenidos de los archivos del Laboratorio de Patologia Oral de la Universidad Federal de Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brasil, e introducidos en un formulario estandarizado para comparaciones futuras. Las caracteristicas clinicas obtenidas a partir de los registros de los pacientes y los portaobjetos de microscopio fueron revisados de acuerdo a la clasificacion de la Organizacion Mundial de la Salud 1992. Se informo de un total de 156 tumores epiteliales odontogenicas. De estos, todos eran benignos. Ameloblastoma fue el tipo mas frecuente (85,9 %), seguido por el tumor odontogenico adenomatoide (10,9 %) y el tumor odontogenico epitelial calcificante (3,2 %). La edad media de los pacientes fue de 38 anos, con un rango amplio (11­80 anos). La region posterior de la mandibula era el sitio anatomico mas afectado por esta enfermedad, y no se encontraron diferencias significativas entre sexos en el diagnostico de los tumores odontogenicos. Se encontro una marcada variacion geografica en las incidencias relativas de diversos tumores odontogenicos epiteliales. Fue particularmente notable en ameloblastomas y tumores odontogenicos adenomatoide, con las incidencias observadas en este estudio siendo a veces similares, y a veces diferentes de los estudios anteriores en otras partes del mundo.

Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate mast cell (MC) density and migration and their association with matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 9 expression in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and actinic cheilitis (AC). Study design Tryptase, c-Kit, and MMP-9 expression was evaluated in 20 cases of SCC, 20 cases of AC, and 7 cases of normal lip (control samples) by immunohistochemistry techniques. Results Tryptase+ and c-Kit+ MC densities were significantly higher in SCCs than in ACs and control samples (P < .001). However, no significant difference was found when comparing tryptase+ and c-Kit+ MC densities between ACs and control samples (P values .185 and .516, respectively). MMP-9 was strongly expressed in SCCs and moderately expressed in ACs and control samples. A highly significant association was found between tryptase+ MC density and the expression of MMP-9 (P < .001). Conclusions The increase in MC density associated with the strong expression of MMP-9 may favor SCC progression.

Schwannomas, also known as neurilemmomas, are uncommon neoplasms apparently derived from Schwann cells. The growth of these tumors causes displacement and compression of the nerve of origin. Schwannomas are usually solitary lesions but can be multiple when associated with neurofibromatosis. Anti-S100 protein is the most widely used antibody for the identification of this neoplasm. Surgical excision is the treatment of choice for schwannomas, with few and controversial reports of recurrence or malignant transformation. The present article reports 7 additional cases of oral schwannoma, and the literature is reviewed regarding clinicopathologic features, immunohistochemical findings, differential diagnosis, and therapeutic management of this benign neural tumor.

To describe a case series of intraoral granular cell tumors in terms of clinical, histologic, and immunohistochemical features.Nine cases of intraoral granular cell tumors were described in terms of clinical features (patient sex and age, anatomical location, size, type, time to clinical progression, and lesion treatment), histologic features (necrosis, spindling, vesicular nuclei with large nucleoli, increased mitotic activity, high nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio, and pleomorphism) and immunohistochemical features using S-100, CD68, neurofilament protein, desmin, and galectin-1.Studied patients were mostly women with a mean age of 32 years. Lesions arose as solitary nodules on the tongue, with size ranging from 0.1 to 3.0 cm. Mean time to evolution was 21.83 months. All cases were treated by surgical excision. Two cases were classified as atypical and seven as benign. All cases presented immunoreactivity for S-100, CD68, and galectin-1, and there was no reactivity for desmin and neurofilament protein.General practitioners should consider granular cell tumors during the differential diagnosis of nodular lesions on the tongue. Results suggest that histologic criteria may be used to distinguish between benign and atypical intraoral granular cell tumors. Finally, analysis of the clinical profile and the use of immunohistochemical markers may facilitate diagnosis and clarify the histogenesis of these lesions.

FUNDAMENTO: As doenças dermatológicas imunologicamente mediadas compõem diversas patologias que apresentam formas variadas de manifestação no organismo. OBJETIVO: Foi proposição desta pesquisa, estabelecer a prevalência das principais doenças dermatológicas imunologicamente mediadas que apresentam manifestação oral. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados laudos histopatológicos de 10.292 casos arquivados no Serviço de Anatomia Patológica da Disciplina de Patologia Oral da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, no período de 1988 a 2009. Dos casos diagnosticados como algum tipo de doença em estudo, coletaram-se dados clínicos como sexo, idade, raça, sítio anatômico e sintomatologia das doenças. RESULTADOS: Do total de casos registrados, no serviço supracitado, 82 (0,8%) corresponderam a doenças dermato lógicas imunologicamente mediadas com manifestação na cavidade oral. As doenças encontradas neste estudo foram: líquen plano oral, pênfigo vulgar e penfigoide benigno das membranas mucosas, sendo o líquen plano oral a lesão mais prevalente, representando 68,05% dos casos analisados, dos quais 64,3% apresentavam-se em mu lheres, sendo a mucosa jugal o sítio anatômico mais acometido (46,8%). CONCLUSÃO: A ocorrência de doenças dermatológicas imunologicamente mediadas que apresentam manifestação oral ainda é um fato incomum, semelhante ao observado na maioria das regiões mundiais. No entanto, a busca pelo diagnóstico precoce é um requisito essencial para a condução do tratamento dessas doenças, tendo em vista o possível comprometimento sistêmico do organismo nos pacientes. BACKGROUND: Immune-mediated skin diseases encompass a variety of pathologies that present in different forms in the body. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to establish the prevalence of the principal immune-mediated skin diseases affecting the oral cavity. METHODS: A total of 10,292 histopathology reports stored in the archives of the Anatomical Pathology Laboratory, Department of Oral Pathology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, covering the period from 1988 to 2009, were evaluated. For the cases diagnosed with some type of disease relevant to the study, clinical data such as the gender, age and ethnicity of the patient, the anatomical site of the disease and its symptomatology were collected. RESULTS: Of all the cases registered at the above-mentioned service, 82 (0.8%) corresponded to immune-media ted skin diseases with symptoms affecting the oral cavity. The diseases found in this study were: oral lichen planus, pemphigus vulgaris and benign mucous membrane pemphigoid. Oral lichen planus was the most common lesion, comprising 68.05% of the cases analyzed. Of these cases, 64.3% were women and the cheek mucosa was the anatomical site most commonly affected (46.8%). CONCLUSION: Immune-mediated skin diseases affecting the oral cavity continue to be rare, the prevalence found in this study being similar to that reported for the majority of regions worldwide. Nevertheless, early diagnosis is indispensable in the treatment of these diseases, bearing in mind that systemic involvement is possible in these patients.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the immunohistochemical expression of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), and CD105 in odontogenic keratocysts (OKCs), dentigerous cysts (DCs), and radicular cysts (RCs). STUDY DESIGN: Twenty cases of OKCs, 20 DCs, and 20 RCs were analyzed. A labeling index (LI), which expresses the percentage of NF-κB-stained nuclei, was calculated for the analysis of NF-κB expression. Expression of MMP-9 in the epithelium and in the capsule of each lesion was scored as 0 (50% stained cells). In addition, MMP-9 immunostaining was analyzed in endothelial cells of vessels with a conspicuous lumen. The angiogenic index was determined based on the number of anti-CD105 antibody-stained microvessels. RESULTS: In the epithelial component, the NF-κB LI was higher in OKCs than in DCs and RCs (P < .001). Analysis of MMP-9 expression in the epithelial component showed a predominance of score 2 in OKCs (90%), DCs (70%), and RCs (65%; P = .159). Evaluation of the NF-κB LI according to the expression of MMP-9 in the epithelial lining revealed no significant difference between lesions (P = .282). In the fibrous capsule, the highest percentage of MMP-9-stained cells (score 2) was observed in OKCs (P = .100). Analysis of the expression of MMP-9 in the vessels of odontogenic cysts showed a predominance of score 2 in OKCs (80%) and RCs (50%) and of score 1 in DCs (75%; P = .002). Mean microvessel count was high in RCs (16.9), followed by DCs (12.1) and OKCs (10.0; P = .163). No significant difference in microvessel count according to the expression of MMP-9 was observed between groups (P = .689). CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that the more aggressive biologic behavior of OKCs is related to the higher expression of MMP-9 and NF-κB in those lesions. The differences in the biologic behavior of the lesions studied do not seem to be associated with the angiogenic index.

Immune-mediated skin diseases encompass a variety of pathologies that present in different forms in the body.The objective of this study was to establish the prevalence of the principal immune-mediated skin diseases affecting the oral cavity.A total of 10,292 histopathology reports stored in the archives of the Anatomical Pathology Laboratory, Department of Oral Pathology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, covering the period from 1988 to 2009, were evaluated. For the cases diagnosed with some type of disease relevant to the study, clinical data such as the gender, age and ethnicity of the patient, the anatomical site of the disease and its symptomatology were collected.Of all the cases registered at the above-mentioned service, 82 (0.8%) corresponded to immune-mediated skin diseases with symptoms affecting the oral cavity. The diseases found in this study were: oral lichen planus, pemphigus vulgaris and benign mucous membrane pemphigoid. Oral lichen planus was the most common lesion, comprising 68.05% of the cases analyzed. Of these cases, 64.3% were women and the cheek mucosa was the anatomical site most commonly affected (46.8%).Immune-mediated skin diseases affecting the oral cavity continue to be rare, the prevalence found in this study being similar to that reported for the majority of regions worldwide. Nevertheless, early diagnosis is indispensable in the treatment of these diseases, bearing in mind that systemic involvement is possible in these patients.