Search

Evapotranspiration (ET) covers are an alternative cover system that utilizes water balance approach to maximize the ET process to reduce the contaminants leaching through the soil profile. Microcosm tests allow to identify in a short time the most suitable plant species to be used as alternative covers, their survival capacity, and simultaneously the transpiration and evaporation rate of the cover in a specific contaminated soil. This work shows the soil characterization and ET results of microcosm tests carried out on two contaminated soils by using Triticum durum and Helianthus annuus species. The data indicated that transpiration was higher than evaporation, supporting the use of plants as alternative cover at this contaminated site.

Lo scopo di questo studio è stato quello di costruire uno strumento in grado di indagare la percezione del rischio in un campione di lavoratori edili. L’individuazione dei fattori cognitivi sottostanti la percezione del rischio e la relazione esistente tra percezione, accettazione del rischio e comportamento rischioso erano gli obiettivi che si volevano raggiungere. Per la costruzione del questionario si è fatto riferimento alla metodologia del paradigma psicometrico (Fischhoff, Slovic, Lichtenstein, Read e Combs, 1978). Una prima ricerca sul campo ha dimostrato la validità e l’affidabilità dello strumento.

This work involved the use of phytoremediation to remediate an aged soil contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). At microcosm scale, tests were prepared using soil samples that have been collected in an industrial area with a total PCBs concentration of about 250 μg kg-1. Medicago sativa and Lolium italicum were the species selected in this study that is used as "feasibility test" for full scale remediation. The experiment was carried out with the addition of a mixture of randomly methylatedbeta- cyclodextrins (RAMEB). At the end of the experiment analysis of soil samples showed that in general the presence of plants has led to a higher degradation of most congeners with respect to not vegetated soil. The two plant species efficiencies were comparable and improved by RAMEB addition with a final reduction of total PCBs near to 50%. With increasing the chlorination of the congeners the removal percentage of PCBs progressively decreased., {"references":["J. Wiegel, and W. Qingzhong, \"Microbial reductive dehalogenation of\npolychlorinated biphenyls,\" Fems Microbial Ecology, vol. 32, pp. 1-15,\n2000.","D. L. Bedard, \"Polychlorinated biphenyls in aquatic sediments:\nenvironmental fate and outlook for biological treatment\",\ndehalogenation: microbial processes and environmental applications,\nM.M. Haggblom and I. Bossert, Eds., Kluwer Press, 2003, pp.443-465.","J. U. Skaare, H. J. Larsen, E. Lie, A. Bernhoft, A. E. Derocher, and R.\nNorstrom, \"Ecological risk assessment of persistent organic pollutants in\nthe arctic,\" Toxicology, vol. 181-182, pp. 193-197, 2002.","J. Petrik, B. Drobna, M. Pavuk, S. Jursa, S. Wimmerova, and J.\nChovancova, \"Serum PCBs and organochlorine pesticides in Slovakia:\nage, gender, and residence as determinants of organochlorine\nconcentrations,\" Chemosphere, vol. 65, pp. 410-418, 2006.","A. Chehregani, M. Noori, and H. L. Yazdi, \"Phytoremediation of heavymetal-\npolluted soils: Screening for new accumulator plants in Angouran\nmine (Iran) and evaluation of removal ability,\" Ecotox. Environ. Saf.,\nvol. 72, pp. 1349-1353, 2009.","A. A. Juwarkar, and H. P. Jambhulkar, \"Phytoremediation of coal mine\nspoil dump through integrated biotechnological approach,\" Biores.\nTechnol., vol. 99, pp. 4732-4741, 2008.","F. Pedron, G. Petruzzelli, M. Barbafieri, and E. Tassi, \"Strategies to use\nphytoextraction in very acidic soil contaminated by heavy metals,\"\nChemosphere, vol. 75, pp. 808-814, 2009.","E. Tassi, F. Pedron, M. Barbafieri, and G. Petruzzelli, \"Phosphateassisted\nphytoextraction in As-contaminated soil,\" Eng. Life Sci., vol. 4,\npp. 341-346, 2004.","J. Rezek, C. Wiesche, M. Mackova, F. Zadrazil, and T. Macek, \"The\neffect of ryegrass (Lolium perenne) on decrease of PAH content in long\nterm contaminated soil,\" Chemosphere, vol. 70, pp. 1603-1608, 2008.\n[10] S. N. Golubev, A. V. Scheludko, A. Y. Muratova, O. E. Makarov, and\nO. V. Turkovskaya, \"Assessing the potential of Rhizobacteria to survive\nunder phenanthrene pollution,\" Water Air Soil Pollut., vol. 198, pp. 5-\n16, 2009.\n[11] Y H. Su, and X. Y. Yang, \"Interactions between selected PAHs and the\nmicrobial community in rhizosphere of a paddy soil,\" Sci. Tot. Environ.,\nvol. 407, pp. 1027-1034, 2009.\n[12] H. Liu, D. Weisman, Y. Ye, B. Cui, Y. Huang, A. Col├▓n-Carmona, and\nZ. Wang, \"An oxidative stress response to polycyclic aromatic\nhydrocarbon exposure is rapid and complex in Arabidopsis thaliana,\"\nPlant Sci., vol. 176, pp. 375-382, 2009.\n[13] F. Pedron, and G. Petruzzelli, \"Green remediation strategies to improve\nthe quality of contaminated soils,\" Chem. Ecol., vol. 27, pp. 89-95,\n2011.\n[14] S. H. Lee, W. S. Lee, C. H. Lee, and J. G. Kim, \"Degradation of\nphenanthrene and pyrenein rhizosphere of grasses and legumes,\" J.\nHazard. Mater., vol. 153, pp. 892-898, 2008.\n[15] Y. Wang, and H. Oyaizu, \"Evaluation of the phytoremediation potential\nof four plant species for dibenzofuran-contaminated soil,\" J. Hazard.\nMater., vol. 168, pp. 760-764, 2009.\n[16] T. Chekol, L. R. Vough, and R.L. Chaney, \"Phytoremediation of\npolychlorinated biphenyl-contaminated soils: the rhizosphere effect,\"\nEnviron. Int., vol. 30, pp. 799-804, 2004.\n[17] C. Shena, X. Tang, S. A. Cheema, C. Zhang, M. I. Khan, F. Liang, X.\nChen, Y. Zhu, Q. Lin, and Y. Chen, \"Enhanced phytoremediation\npotential of polychlorinated biphenyl contaminated soil from e-waste\nrecycling area in the presence of randomly methylated-betacyclodextrins,\"\nJ. Hazard. Mater., vol. 172, pp. 1671-1676, 2009.\n[18] E. M. Martin del Valle, \"Cyclodextrins and their uses: a review,\"\nProcess Biochem., vol. 39, pp. 1033-1046, 2004.\n[19] F. Fava, and F. Grassi, \"Cyclodextrins enhance the aerobic degradation\nand dechlorination of low-chlorinated biphenyls,\" Biotechnol. Technol.,\nvol. 10, pp. 291-296, 1996.\n[20] F. Fava, D. D. Gioia, L. Marchetti, E. Fenyvesi, and J. Szejtli,\n\"Randomly methylatedcyclodextrins (RAMEB) enhance the aerobic\nbiodegradation of polychlorinated biphenyl in aged-contaminated soils,\"\nJ. Incl. Phenom. Macro., vol. 44, pp. 417-421, 2002.\n[21] F. Fava, and V. F. Ciccotosto, \"Effects of randomly methylated-betacyclodextrins\n(RAMEB) on the bioavailability and aerobic\nbiodegradation of polychlorinated biphenyls in three pristine soils spiked\nwith a transformer oil,\" Appl. Microbial. Biotechnol., vol. 58, pp. 393-\n399, 2002.\n[22] SSSA (Soil Science Society of America). Methods of soil analysis,\nMadison, Wisconsin, Soil Science Society of America, 1996.\n[23] United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA), \"Pressurized\nfluid extraction (PFE),\" Method 3545, USEPA SW-846, 1996.\n[24] United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA),\n\"Semivolatile organic compounds by gas chromatography/mass\nspectrometry (GC/MS),\" Method 8270D, USEPA SW-846, 2007.\n[25] L. Gianfreda, M. A. Rao, A. Piotrowska, G. Palumbo, and C. Colombo,\n\"Soil enzyme activities as affected by anthropogenic alterations:\nintensive agriculture practices and organic pollution,\" Sci. Total\nEnviron., vol. 341, pp. 265-279, 2005.\n[26] M. Singh, R. Sharma, and U. C. Banerjee, \"Biotchnological application\nof cyclodextrins,\" Biotech. Adv., vol. 20, pp. 341-359, 2002."]}

A substituição parcial da farinha de carne suína por farelos vegetais em dietas para juvenis de carpa húngara (Cyprinus carpio) foi avaliada em cinco dietas experimentais: um controle (farinha de carne suína (FCS) como fonte protéica) e quatro dietas vegetais: farelo de soja (FS), farelo de canola (FC), farelo de girassol (FG) ou farelo de linhaça (FL), substituindo 50% da proteína proveniente da FCS. 195 juvenis (43,4±0,4g) foram alimentados duas vezes ao dia (9 e 15 horas) durante 71 dias. Ao final do experimento, maior peso (205,69g), ganho em peso (2,29g dia-1), taxa de crescimento específico (2,2% dia-1) e conversão alimentar (1,74) foram obtidos nas dietas com FCS, seguido dos tratamentos FC e FS que não diferiram entre si. Os peixes alimentados com FCS, FG e FS apresentaram maior gordura corporal. A dieta FL apresentou piores resultados de desempenho, coeficiente de retenção protéica, deposição de proteína e gordura corporal e no filé. Pode-se concluir que a dieta à base de farinha de carne suína proporciona maior crescimento e deposição de proteína em juvenis de carpa húngara, comparada às dietas com farelos vegetais; os parâmetros de carcaça (rendimentos e índices digestivos) não são afetados pelas fontes protéicas da dieta. Made available in DSpace on 2011-11-14T18:48:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 taffarel.pdf: 57181 bytes, checksum: bb47e07cf7dc315810d7489577e5036d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-10-19

Tecnologias disponíveis para a observação da Terra oferecem uma grande gama de informações sobre componentes ambientais que, por estarem relacionadas com a formação dos solos, podem ser usadas como variáveis preditoras no Mapeamento Digital de Solos (MDS). No entanto, modelos com um grande número de preditores, bem como a existência de multicolinearidade entre os dados, podem ser ineficazes no mapeamento de classes e propriedades do solo. O objetivo deste estudo foi empregar a Análise de Componentes Principais (ACP) visando a selecionar e diminuir o número de preditores na regressão logística múltipla multinomial (RLMM) utilizada no mapeamento de classes de solos. Nove covariáveis ambientais, ligadas ao fator de formação relevo, foram derivadas de um Modelo Digital de Elevação e denominadas variáveis originais, estas foram submetidas à ACP e transformadas em Componentes Principais (CP). As RLMM foram desenvolvidas utilizando-se atributos de terreno e as CP como variáveis explicativas. O mapa de solos gerado a partir de três CP (65,6% da variância original) obteve um índice kappa de 37,3%, inferior aos 48,5% alcançado pelo mapa de solos gerado a partir de todas as nove variáveis originais

International audience

International audience