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The present study records prevalence of Streptococcus suis infection in pigs with various disease condition in different pig farms of Assam. The clinical signs and pathological alterations shown by the affected animals varied according to the involvement of system. The organism could be isolated from various pathologic conditions of pigs such as septicaemia, meningitis, pneumonia, conjunctivitis and arthritis. Further confirmation through PCR amplification of the GDH (glutamate dehydrogenase) gene of S. suis capsular biosynthesis. Antibiotic sensitivity testing in most of the isolates showed greater sensitivity to antibiotics such as amikacin, chloramphenicol, enrofloxacin, gentamicin and penicillin G and high degree of resistance to antimicrobials such as tetracycline, streptomycin, kanamycin and sulphadiazine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of supplementation of guava (Psidium guajava) fruit waste (GFW) on nutrient utilization in crossbred (Hampshire x Ghungroo) grower pigs. Eighteen grower pigs (weighing 11.4-11.6 kg) of either sex were divided into three groups of six each in randomized block design. The experimental pigs were fed with diets namely standard grower ration (SGR) supplemented with 0% GFW, 5% GFW and 10% GFW, respectively, by replacing maize grain in T1, T2 and T3 groups. The average dry matter intake, digestibility co-efficients (%) of nutrients were increased (P<0.01; P<0.05) with increased level of GFW in experimental diet. Nitrogen balance (g/d) was found positive across all groups. The study, concluded that guava fruit waste can be supplemented at 10 percent level in grower crossbred pigs for better nutrient utilization and also to reduce the feed cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was undertaken to detect the presence of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and porcine parvo virus (PPV) in 54 porcine aborted foetuses, stillborns and mummified foetuses. Foetal tissues of heart, lung, spleen and lymphnodes were used for extraction of total DNA and the presence of viral pathogens were confirmed through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. Out of 54 samples, nine (16.6%) samples were positive for PCV2, eight (14.8%) samples were positive for PPV while co-infection with PCV2 and PPV was detected in four (7.4%) samples. The histopathological changes in the foetuses were found to be mostly necrosis in the cells of the developing organs viz. lungs, kidney, liver, heart, brain, spleen and lymphnodes. Lymphoid depletion was observed in the lymphoid follicles of the lymphnodes. Meningoencephalitis in the cerebrum was also seen in both PPV and PCV2 infected foetuses. The results indicated that PPV and PCV2 could be an important infectious agent in cases of porcine stillbirths, abortions and mummified foetuses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses a study on detecting the prevalence of Staphylococcus hyicus in piglets that causes greasy pig disease leading to 90% morbidity. Methodology include collection of heart blood samples from piglets and characterization of Staphylococcus organisms based on biochemical and morphological features. Results showed high prevalence of S. hyicus in 1-15 days old piglets and susceptibility of S. hyicus isolates to antimicrobials including chloramphenicol, gentamicin and doxycycline.

The article describes the case of a 10-year-old male pygmy hog (Porcula salvania) presented with symptoms including dullness, rectum protrusion and depression and anorexia. Examination of the hog showed a 6-centimeter (cm) reddish cylindrical mass, swollen and edematous from the anus that the mass was pushed through the anus then sutured around the anal ring. It discusses rectum prolapse, rectum repositioning to its original site and and the purse-string suture application.

The article focuses on a study on the isolation, characterization and antimicrobial sensitivity pattern of Campylobacter species in piglets with diarrhoea. Fresh faecal samples from diarrhoeic piglets based in the pig farm of the National Research Centre (NRC) on Pig in India have been assessed. The isolates have been tested positive for oxidase, catalase, H2S production and nitrate reduction tests. Findings show that the isolates are sensitive to several antibacterial agents.

The article focuses on a study on the occurrence and treatment of exudative epidermitis (EE) in pigs. It notes that EE, also called greasy pig disease, is caused by Staphylococcus (S.) hyicus and is marked by exfoliation of the skin, excessive sebaceous secretion and exudate formation. The study involves affected pigs at a farm of the National Research Centre (NRC) on Pig in Asom, India. Drugs in which S. hyicus is sensitive to include ampicillin, penicillin and gentamicin.

Co-infection of multiple pathogens complicates diagnosis, treatment and preventive measures based on clinical signs. Therefore, reliable diagnostic tool for timely reporting of suspected diseases is very much essential. A novel one-step triplex PCR assay was developed and evaluated for simultaneous detection of three important viruses namely porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), porcine parvovirus (PPV) and classical swine fever virus (CSFV) involved in reproductive problems in pigs. Each of the three pairs of oligonucleotide primers exclusively amplified the targeted fragment of the specific viruses. The multiplex PCR assay was found to be sensitive in detecting at least 300 pg of viral genomic DNA or RNA from a mixture of three viruses in a reaction. No amplification was obtained from other common viruses or pathogens, such as porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), porcine group A rotavirus (PoRVA), Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus thereby indicating that the developed multiplex PCR has high specificity. Because of the sensitivity and specificity, the developed multiplex PCR assay will be a useful tool for clinical diagnosis of mixed infections of DNA and RNA viruses in pigs., (© 2022 The Society for Applied Microbiology.)

A triplex-PCR assay was developed and evaluated for rapid detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) recovered from various biological samples of pig. Three sets of primers were designed to target mecA, 16S rRNA and nuc genes of MRSA. The specific amplification generated three bands on agarose gel, with sizes 280 bp for mecA, 654 bp for 16S rRNA and 481 bp for nuc, respectively. A potential advantage of the PCR assay is its sensitivity with a detection limit of 10 2  CFU per ml of bacteria. In all, 79 MRSA isolates recovered from various samples of pigs were subjected to the amplification by the triplex-PCR assay and all the isolates yielded three bands corresponding to the three genes under this study. No false-positive amplification was observed, indicating the high specificity of the developed triplex-PCR assay. This assay will be a useful and powerful method for differentiation of MRSA from methicillin-sensitive S. aureus, coagulase-negative methicillin-resistant staphylococci and coagulase-negative methicillin-sensitive staphylococci., (© 2020 The Society for Applied Microbiology.)