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In the evolving landscape of higher education, challenges such as the COVID-19 pandemic have underscored the necessity for innovative teaching methodologies. These challenges have catalyzed the integration of technology into education, particularly in blended learning environments, to bolster self-regulated learning (SRL) and higher-order thinking skills (HOTS). However, increased autonomy in blended learning can lead to learning disruptions if issues are not promptly addressed. In this context, OpenAI's ChatGPT, known for its extensive knowledge base and immediate feedback capability, emerges as a significant educational resource. Nonetheless, there are concerns that students might become excessively dependent on such tools, potentially hindering their development of HOTS. To address these concerns, this study introduces the Guidance-based ChatGPT-assisted Learning Aid (GCLA). This approach modifies the use of ChatGPT in educational settings by encouraging students to attempt problem-solving independently before seeking ChatGPT assistance. When engaged, the GCLA provides guidance through hints rather than direct answers, fostering an environment conducive to the development of SRL and HOTS. A randomized controlled trial (RCT) was employed to examine the impact of the GCLA compared to traditional ChatGPT use in a foundational chemistry course within a blended learning setting. This study involved 61 undergraduate students from a university in Taiwan. The findings reveal that the GCLA enhances SRL, HOTS, and knowledge construction compared to traditional ChatGPT use. These results directly align with the research objective to improve learning outcomes through providing guidance rather than answers by ChatGPT. In conclusion, the introduction of the GCLA has not only facilitated more effective learning experiences in blended learning environments but also ensured that students engage more actively in their educational journey. The implications of this study highlight the potential of ChatGPT-based tools in enhancing the quality of higher education, particularly in fostering essential skills such as self-regulation and HOTS. Furthermore, this research offers insights regarding the more effective use of ChatGPT in education.

Abstract The FZP gene plays a critical role in the formation of lateral branches and spikelets in rice panicle architecture. This study investigates the qSBN7 allele, a hypomorphic variant of FZP, and its influence on panicle architectures in different genetic backgrounds. We evaluated two backcross inbred lines (BILs), BC5_TCS10 sbn and BC3_TCS10 sbn , each possessing the homozygous qSBN7 allele but demonstrating differing degrees of spikelet degeneration. Our analysis revealed that BC5_TCS10 sbn had markedly low FZP expression, which corresponded with an increase in axillary branches and severe spikelet degeneration. Conversely, BC3_TCS10 sbn exhibited significantly elevated FZP expression, leading to fewer secondary and tertiary branches, and consequently decreased spikelet degeneration. Compared to BC5_TCS10 sbn , BC3_TCS10 sbn carries three additional chromosomal substitution segments from its donor parent, IR65598-112-2. All three segments significantly enhance the expression of FZP and reduce the occurrence of tertiary branch and spikelet degeneration. These findings enhance our understanding of the mechanisms regulating FZP and aid rice breeding efforts.

Interaction of the lanthanide nitrates M(NO3)3 (M = Gd, Eu) with methylcucurbit[5]uril (Me10Q[5]) in the presence of transition metal chlorides (ZnCl2 and FeCl3) in acidic media resulted in the isolation of the complexes [Me10Q[5]Gd(H2O)2Cl Gd(H2O)6](ZnCl4)2∙Cl∙8.9H2O (1) and [Me10Q[5]Eu(H2O)3Cl(H3O)](FeCl4)3 (2). The molecular structures of 1 and 2 have been determined by single crystal X-ray crystallography, and reveal discrete complexes which are involved in dense stacking with adjacent Me10Q[5]s linked via H-bonding and/or metal anions resulting in a supramolecular assembly.

Objective To analyze the value of thromboelastogram （TEG） parameters in predicting deep venous thrombosis of the lower limbs in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease（COPD）. Methods Thirty-five COPD patients complicated with deep venous thrombosis of the lower limbs were assigned into the observation group， and 35 COPD patients without deep venous thrombosis of the lower limbs of the same period were recruited in the control group. TEG parameters （R value of coagulation reaction time， K value of blood coagulation time， α angle of coagulation and MA value of maximum clot intensity）， routine blood test， blood gas analysis and baseline data were collected within 24 hours after admission. Logistic regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curve analysis were used to analyze the predictive value of all parameters of TEG for deep venous thrombosis of the lower limbs in patients with COPD. Results R value， K value and α angle were significantly correlated with deep venous thrombosis of the lower limbs in patients with COPD （all P < 0.05）. The area under the ROC curve （AUC） of R value was 0.787 （95%CI： 0.679-0.895）， 0.758 for K value （95%CI： 0.646-0.870）， 0.689 for α angle （95%CI： 0.565-0.812）， and 0.660 for MA value （95%CI： 0.533-0.787）， respectively. The combination of four parameters yielded higher sensitivity and specificity for predicting deep venous thrombosis of the lower limbs （AUC：0.882， 95%CI：0.796-0.969， all P < 0.001）， the cut-off value was 0.436， the sensitivity was 94.3% and the specificity was 80%， respectively. Conclusions R value， K value and α angle in TEG are the independent predictors of deep venous thrombosis of the lower limbs in patients with COPD. R value， K value and α angle can properly predict deep venous thrombosis of the lower limbs in patients with COPD， and the combination of R value， K value， α angle and MA value yields higher sensitivity and specificity.

Abstract In the evolving landscape of higher education, challenges such as the COVID-19 pandemic have underscored the necessity for innovative teaching methodologies. These challenges have catalyzed the integration of technology into education, particularly in blended learning environments, to bolster self-regulated learning (SRL) and higher-order thinking skills (HOTS). However, increased autonomy in blended learning can lead to learning disruptions if issues are not promptly addressed. In this context, OpenAI's ChatGPT, known for its extensive knowledge base and immediate feedback capability, emerges as a significant educational resource. Nonetheless, there are concerns that students might become excessively dependent on such tools, potentially hindering their development of HOTS. To address these concerns, this study introduces the Guidance-based ChatGPT-assisted Learning Aid (GCLA). This approach modifies the use of ChatGPT in educational settings by encouraging students to attempt problem-solving independently before seeking ChatGPT assistance. When engaged, the GCLA provides guidance through hints rather than direct answers, fostering an environment conducive to the development of SRL and HOTS. A randomized controlled trial (RCT) was employed to examine the impact of the GCLA compared to traditional ChatGPT use in a foundational chemistry course within a blended learning setting. This study involved 61 undergraduate students from a university in Taiwan. The findings reveal that the GCLA enhances SRL, HOTS, and knowledge construction compared to traditional ChatGPT use. These results directly align with the research objective to improve learning outcomes through providing guidance rather than answers by ChatGPT. In conclusion, the introduction of the GCLA has not only facilitated more effective learning experiences in blended learning environments but also ensured that students engage more actively in their educational journey. The implications of this study highlight the potential of ChatGPT-based tools in enhancing the quality of higher education, particularly in fostering essential skills such as self-regulation and HOTS. Furthermore, this research offers insights regarding the more effective use of ChatGPT in education.

The differential tracking for a given signal is a well-known and challenging problem in control theory and practice. In this note, we introduce a novel method to design the differentiators. The proposed differentiator, in contrast to existing differentiators that take the form of a dynamical system, is represented through convolutions. This idea is primarily inspired by the mollifier technique, which is well-known in the theory of partial differential equations. Both the weighted moving average technique and the mollifier technique are used in the differentiator’s design. By the proper choice of the kernel function, we can obtain the derivative of the given signal by integrating rather than differentiating the signal itself directly. As a result, the proposed tracking differentiators can be robust to the high-frequency signals. Although our approach is simple, it is very effective, both for the real time signals and the time delayed signals.

Vitamin C (VC) plays an essential role in the physiological function and normal growth of aquatic animals. However, the effects and requirements of VC on juvenile ivory shell (Babylonia areolata) are still unknown. This study aimed to investigate the effects of VC on growth, muscle composition, non-specific immunity, and resistance to ammonia stress of B. areolata and determine its requirement for VC. Six experimental diets (Diet 1, Diet 2, Diet 3 Diet 4 Diet 5, and Diet 6) with different levels of VC (0, 100, 200, 400, 800, and 1200 mg/kg diet, respectively) were fed to juvenile B. areolate for 3 months. The weight gain rate (WGR) and specific growth rate (SGR) of B. areolata increased in parallel with the VC content, and those of the 800 mg/kg group were significantly higher than those of the control group. There was no significant difference in the survival rate (SR), flesh shell ratio (FSR), viscerosomatic index (VSI), soft tissue index (STI), and muscle composition among the experimental groups. VC (800 mg/kg) significantly increased the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) of the hepatopancreas. In addition, VC (400–800 mg/kg) significantly increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) of the hepatopancreas and significantly decreased the content of malondialdehyde (MDA). VC significantly induced the expression levels of functional genes, such as SOD, GST, CYP450, ferritin, mucin-5AC, and CYC in the hepatopancreas and increased the survival rate of B. areolata under ammonia stress. These results indicate that supplementation with dietary VC could increase the growth, antioxidant capacity, immunity, and resistance against the stress caused by ammonia. The optimal dietary VC requirement for juvenile B. areolata was 400–800 mg/kg of VC.

Abstract Background The hypoxia-responsive long non-coding RNA, RP11-367G18.1, has recently been reported to induce histone 4 lysine 16 acetylation (H4K16Ac) through its variant 2; however, the underlying molecular mechanism remains poorly understood. Methods RNA pull-down assay and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry were performed to identify RP11-367G18.1 variant 2-binding partner. The molecular events were examined utilizing western blot analysis, real-time PCR, luciferase reporter assay, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and chromatin isolation by RNA purification assays. The migration, invasion, soft agar colony formation, and in vivo xenograft experiments were conducted to evaluate the impact of RP11-367G18.1 variant 2–YY1 complex on tumor progression. Results In this study, RNA sequencing data revealed that hypoxia and RP11-367G18.1 variant 2 co-regulated genes were enriched in tumor-related pathways. YY1 was identified as an RP11-367G18.1 variant 2-binding partner that activates the H4K16Ac mark. YY1 was upregulated under hypoxic conditions and served as a target gene for hypoxia-inducible factor-1α. RP11-367G18.1 variant 2 colocalized with YY1 and H4K16Ac in the nucleus under hypoxic conditions. Head and neck cancer tissues had higher levels of RP11-367G18.1 and YY1 which were associated with poor patient outcomes. RP11-367G18.1 variant 2–YY1 complex contributes to hypoxia-induced epithelial–mesenchymal transition, cell migration, invasion, and tumorigenicity. YY1 regulated hypoxia-induced genes dependent on RP11-367G18.1 variant 2. Conclusions RP11-367G18.1 variant 2–YY1 complex mediates the tumor-promoting effects of hypoxia, suggesting that this complex can be targeted as a novel therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment.

Objective To evaluate the application effect of home-based exercise therapy in community-dwelling elderly patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and depression. Methods From January 2021 to December 2022, 60 community-dwelling elderly patients with MCI and depression who were screened at medical institutions were randomly divided into the control group and the intervention group. According to the basic requirements of national public health service, community medical staff carried out group follow-up once every quarter, and patients were intervened by general lifestyle interventions and health education for 6 months. On the basis of routine interventions, the intervention group received home-based exercise therapy for 6 months. The Geriatric Depression Scale(GDS), The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Brathel Index (BI) for Activity of Daily Living were adopted for effectiveness assessment of exercise therapy on cognitive function, depression level and daily living ability of patients. Results After 6 months of intervention, the score ofGDS in the intervention group was lower than that in the control group, with a significant difference (P＜0. 01); The total score of MoCA and subscale scores of Visuospatial/Executive, Attention, Language, Abstraction, Delayed recall and Orientation in the intervention group were higher than those in the control group (P＜0. 01); The score of BI in the intervention group was higher than that in the control group, with a significant difference (P＜0. 01). Conclusion Home-based exercise therapy can alleviate the depressive symptoms, improve the cognitive function and activity of daily living among community-dwelling elderly patients with MCI and depression (目的 探讨以家庭为基础的运动疗法对社区老年轻度认知障碍(MCI)伴抑郁患者的影响。方法 选取2021年1月—2022年12月, 经医疗机构筛查并居住在上海市奉贤区社区的60名MCI伴抑郁症状的患者, 随机分为对照组和干预组。对照组依据国家基本公共卫生服务要求, 由课题组成员在相应社区每季度开展团体讲座, 普及MCI相关健康教育知识, 饮食、运动等生活方式, 干预6个月; 干预组在对照组的基础上, 增加了以家庭为基础的运动疗法, 干预6个月。对比两组患者老年抑郁量表(GDS)、蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)和Barthel指数评定量表(BI)得分情况。结果 干预后, 干预组GDS量表评分低于对照组, 差异有统计学意义(P＜0. 01); 干预组MoCA量表视空间与执行能力、注意力、语言功能、抽象思维、延迟回忆和定向力维度评分以及总分高于对照组, 差异有统计学意义(P＜0. 01); 干预组患者BI量表评分较对照组提高, 差异有统计学意义(P＜0. 01)。结论 以家庭为基础的运动疗法可以缓解社区老年MCI伴抑郁患者的抑郁症状, 改善认知功能, 提高日常生活能力, 并延缓MCI病情进展。)