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Ion irradiation effects on piezoceramic (Pb0.94 Sr0.04) (Zr0.52 Ti0.48)O3 (PSZT) are investigated by using 4 MeV carbon (C), 9 MeV copper (Cu), and 20 MeV gold (Au) ions. The energies of incident ions are selected in order to target the same range of all incident ions in the material, while producing different amounts of vacancies. The ion irradiation is performed with fluences of 1×1013, 1×1014, and 1×1015 ions/cm2 using Tandem Pelletron accelerator (5UDH-2). Post irradiation changes in PSZT are investigated via various structural, dielectric, and piezoelectric measurement techniques. Results divulge that the irradiation process disturbs the crystallinity along with reduction in X-ray diffraction (XRD) peak intensities owing to strain induced structural defects. A small decrease in dielectric constant is observed due to trapped charges, which screen the depolarization after irradiation. However, a significant decrease is detected in piezoelectric charge coefficients (d33) and piezoelectric voltage coefficients (g33) due to switching of micro domains of PSZT as a result of energy observed during irradiation process. These results indicate that ion irradiation has damaging effects on the properties of PSZT. The discussed information may be utilized to assess performance of PSZT based devices under radiation rich environments such as space.

This work presents the logical design, connections between NIM and VME elec­tronic modules, and the data acquisition programming to build a complete detector readout system. The test experiments were carried out with commercial silicon PIN diode S3590-09 bare detectors bombarded by charged particles from a 241Am α-source and Rutherford elastic backscattering (RBS) protons induced by 2.5 MeV proton beam bombarding on an Au-on-glass target, and with a NaI scintillation detector bombarded by gammas from 27Al(p, γ)28Si reaction with proton beam energy of 1.379 MeV. The test showed that the spectrometer operated steadily and its versatility for different kind of detector. The energy resolutions of the Si diodes were less than 0.5% energy of a charged particle, which satisfies the foreseen requirement for the upcoming experiments.

In this work, an attempt is made to improve the electrochemical corrosion resistance of Zircaloy-4 by helium ions implantation. For this purpose, the Zircaloy-4 was implanted with 300 keV helium ions of fluences 1 × 1013, 1 × 1015, and 1 × 1016 ions-cm−2 by using Pelletron Accelerator. Electrochemical tests of pristine and ion-implanted samples were performed in NaCl solution and their potentiodynamic polarization curves were obtained. The results showed enhancement of the corrosion resistance of Zircaloy-4 after helium ions implantation. The corrosion rate and current density of the material were significantly reduced by the helium implantation. The decrease in corrosion parameters was attributed to helium ions diffusion inside Zircaloy-4 that reduced the electrons flow from the samples.

The amorphous structural study of silicon carbide nanowires (SiC-NWs) has drawn strenuous attention in recent years due to their worthwhile properties for wide applications, chiefly in optoelectronics. The facile transformation of crystalline SiC-NWs to amorphous defective SiC-NWs is a challenging task for their broad-scale applications. Herein, we report a fantastic strategy (by applying a 5UDH Pelletron accelerator, located at the National Centre for Physics, Islamabad, Pakistan) for Cu ion implantation (fixed at 10 MeV) on the crystalline SiC-NWs to incorporate them into an amorphous structure. For the defects study, various dose rates of Cu+ ion ranging from 5 × 1015 ions/cm2 to 5 × 1016 ions/cm2 were bombarded on SiC-NWs, and a complete transmutation to the amorphous structure of SiC-NWs under a shelling dose of 8 × 1016 ions/cm2 was observed. This work will provide a better avenue for the structural deformation blueprints of the next-generation nanomaterials. Amorphous structural transformation is explained by collision cascade effects phenomena.

The re-entry of a vehicle into Earth's atmosphere either from near-Earth orbit or from interplanetary trajectories is the most critical phases of a space mission for materials, since space capsules and spacecraft surfaces are brought to relatively high temperatures (>2000 °C) and are subject to the high thermal fluxes. The most complex requirements of the on-ground CIRA hypersonic Plasma Wind Tunnel (PWT) test campaigns are to measure and monitor the high heat fluxes, the correlated surface Recession Rate and Surface Temperatures affecting the behavior of Thermal Protection System (TPS) materials which makes up the surface and sub-surface components of the spacecraft's outer layer. For these tests, the recession rate will be obtained by Surface Layer Implantation (SLI), monitored by the gamma ray emission from 7Be implanted into the test material, and the surface temperature by Dual Color free emissivity Infrared Thermography (DCIT). So the first purpose of the paper, in the recession rate determination, is to present the γ-ray detection efficiency of a LaBr3(Ce) crystal by GEANT4 simulation using the radioactive ions, to be implanted by means of the CIRCE accelerator, and the use of γ-rays to monitor their removal during the ablation process. At the same time, for temperature determination, is to evaluate the possibility of carrying out free emissivity temperature measurements in unsteady conditions. On the basis of the results, possible validation tests are outlined, through the use of the intense radioactive 7Be beam available at the 3MV Pelletron tandem accelerator of the CIRCE Laboratory and the GHIBLI-PWT facility at CIRA, to present the combined novel, contactless and non-intrusive diagnostics for the simultaneous recession rate and temperature determinations.

This work reports in-situ ion beam induced luminescence (IBIL) of CaF2 crystals using 2-MeV proton excitation. The in-situ IBIL experiments were carried out at pelletron Tandem accelerator at the National Center for Physics, Islamabad, Pakistan. The spectrophotometry UV–Visible analysis revealed that proton beam induced Ca colloids. Their concentration increases with fluence, and the mean size reaches about 10 nm. The IBIL results showed a wide luminescence band extended from 230 to 450 nm and a new band at about 210 nm, attributed to the self-trapped exciton (STE) decay. It was found that the luminescence intensity increases linearly with dose. From the absorption measurements, indicating the colloid formation in CaF2 by proton irradiation, we believe that the latter colloids are responsible for the luminescence improvement during proton beam irradiation.

The Centre for Energy Research and Development (CERD), Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria, acquired a NEC 1.7 MV Tandem Pelletron accelerator with one beamline in 2008 for ion beam experiments. This was upgraded in 2014, with the addition of a second beamline equipped with NEC RC 43 end station. This paper presents an overview of the accelerator, its capabilities, and its applications in research. A full description of the first end-station designed and built at iThemba Labs, South Africa, is also presented. A number of PIXE and RBS experiments have been carried out using this facility and the results are also presented. This paper further discusses the diverse areas of application of the accelerator, including solid minerals/geology, biomedical samples, materials science, environmental pollution, and agriculture.

A new facility for radiocarbon dating by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) was established in early 2015 at the Inter-University Accelerator Centre in New Delhi, India. The facility uses a 500 kV National Electrostatic Corporation (NEC) Pelletron accelerator for AMS measurements on graphite produced using the automated graphitization equipment (AGE) interfaced with an elemental analyzer and the carbonate handling system (CHS). A precision of better than 1‰ in the ratio of 14C/12C for the modern carbon sample and the background level of 1 × 10–15 from dead carbon sample has been achieved. This is the first dedicated accelerator of India only for AMS activities. This AMS system has the capabilities to perform 10Be and 26Al measurements as well.

Rhenium-186 [t½ = 3.7 d, 1.07 MeV β−-particles, 137 keV γ-ray] is an emerging radioisotope which holds tremendous potential in preparation of theranostic radiopharmaceuticals. This radioisotope was produced in a no-carrier-added form by irradiation of enriched 186W target via 186W(p, n) 186Re reaction in a pelletron. A facile radiochemical separation procedure based on selective solvent extraction in methylethyl ketone medium followed by column chromatography using mesoporous alumina sorbent has been developed to obtain 186Re in a form suitable for radiopharmaceutical preparation. This approach is expected to promote widespread utilization of this radioisotope for the benefit of cancer patients.

Tapered glass capillary optics was utilized to produce MeV ion microbeams at the RIKEN Pelletron facility. A microbeam of 3 MeV He ions was used to irradiate HeLa cells and demonstrated an ion track consisting of double strand break points in the cell nucleus. A new microbeam line was developed with profile measurements of 2.8 MeV H+ microbeams in the atmosphere, using image recognition and knife-edge methods. After the suppression of the halo component in the microbeam, a smaller beam size was measured to be approximately 40 μm for the irradiation distance of 1 mm, which satisfied requirements of the planned applications.

Purpose This study/paper aims to the authors applied low “Si” ions dose over cp-Ti-2, and the potent dose level was optimized for adequate corrosion resistance and effective proliferation of stem cells. Design/methodology/approach The cp-Ti surface was modified by silicon (Si) ions beam at 0.5 MeV in a Pelletron accelerator. Three different ion doses were applied to the polished samples, and the surface was characterized by XRD and AFM analysis. Findings At moderate “Si” ion dose (6.54 × 1012 ions-cm−2), the potential shifted to a noble value. The small “icorr” (1.22 µA.cm−2) and relatively large charge transfer resistance (43.548 kΩ-cm2) in the ringer‘s lactate solution was confirmed through Potentiodynamic polarization and impedance spectroscopy analysis. Compared to cp-Ti and other doses, this dose level also provided the effective proliferation of mesenchymal stem cells. Originality/value The dosage levels used were different to previous work and provided the effective proliferation of mesenchymal stem cells.

The reaction cross sections of $$^{197}$$ Au(n,2n) $$^{196}$$ Au, $$^{115}$$ In(n,n $$^{\prime })^{115m}$$ In, $$^{232}$$ Th(n,f) $$^{97}$$ Zr, and $$^{238}$$ U(n,f) $$^{97}$$ Zr reactions were measured at different neutron energies using standard neutron activation analysis (NAA) technique followed by off-line $$\gamma $$ -ray spectrometry. The irradiation was performed using the BARC-TIFR Pelletron facility in Mumbai, India. The quasi-monoenergetic neutron beam was generated using the $$^7$$ Li(p,n) $$^7$$ Be reaction. The measured data are compared with available experimental data in the EXFOR database, different evaluated libraries such as ENDF/B-VIII.0, JEFF-3.3, JENDL-4.0, CENDL-3.1, IRDFF II, TENDL-2017 and with the results predicted using nuclear modular code TALYS-1.9. The TALYS-1.9 code was used for a better description of the present work and literature data. The reactions studied in the present paper are considered flux monitor reactions as they are widely used for the measurement of neutron flux in NAA-technique.

SIRIUS – a 6 MV pelletron accelerator at ANSTO was delivered and installed in 2014–2015. After initial testing and commissioning phase we have now moved into routine operations. Quality assurance data from the past 2 years demonstrates the excellent performance and SIRIUS is now our preferred instrument for 10Be, 26Al and 36Cl analyses.

The fast-neutron shielding behaviour (FNSB) of two clay-materials (Ball clay and Kaolin)of Southwestern Nigeria (7.49°N, 4.55°E) have been investigated using effective removal cross section, ΣR(cm-1), mass removal cross section, ΣR/ρ(cm2g-1) and Mean free path, λ (cm). These parameters decide neutron shielding behaviour of any material. A computer program - WinNC-Toolkit has been used for computation of these parameters. The toolkit evaluates these parameters by using elemental compositions and densities of samples. The proficiency of WinNC-Toolkit code was probe by using MCNPX and GEANT4 to model fast neutron transmission of the samples under narrow beam geometry, intending to represent the actual experimental setup. Direct calculation of effective removal cross section (cm−1) of the samples was also carried out. The results from each of the methods for each types of the studied clay-materials (Ball clay and Kaolin) shows similar trend. The trend might be the fingerprint of water content retained in each of the samples being baked at different temperature. The compositions of each sample have been obtained by Particle-Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) technique (Tandem Pelletron Accelerator: 1.7 MV, Model 5SDH). The FNSB of the selected clay-materials have been compared with standard concrete. The cognizance of various factors such as availability, thermo-chemical stability and water retaining ability by the clay-samples can be analyzed for efficacy of the material for their FNSB. Keywords: Composite materials, Effective removal cross-section, Mass removal cross section, Mean free path, Fast-neutrons, WinNC-toolkit, PIXE, MCNPX, GEANT4

The production cross-sections of the V 48 , S 47 c , S 46 c , and S 44 m c residues were measured in the proton induced T n a t i reactions using the stack foil activation technique followed by the off-line γ − r a y spectrometry. The present work was carried out at 14UD BARC-TIFR Pelletron accelerator, Mumbai, India. The proton beam of 22 MeV was used for the irradiation of the samples and was degraded along the stack of target foils using aluminum (Al) degraders. The measured cross-section data were compared with the existing literature data available in EXFOR data library. The results were also compared with the theoretical values from the TALYS-1.9 and the ALICE-2014 nuclear model codes using the suitable input level density models. The pre-equilibrium contribution has also been estimated for the populated reaction residues in the present work. The present work offers a comparison between the two theoretical model codes using a similar input level density model. The reaction product S 44 m c also has some practical medical applications in nuclear medicine.

In this paper, we report the L- and M-shell X-ray production cross sections in 73Ta and 78Pt caused by the bombardment of 35 to 60 MeV B3+,4+-ions. The energies of B-ions, below and above the potential barrier, were selected to study the effect on inner- and outer-shell ionization i.e. absolute X-ray production cross sections for various L- and M X-ray lines/group of lines (namely Ll, Lα2, Lα1, Lη, Lβ4,6, Lβ1, Lβ3, Lβ2,15, Lβ5,7,9,10, Lγ5, Lγ1, Lγ2,3,6, Lγ4,4′, Mξ2,1, Mδ + M3N1, Mα1,2 + M2N1, Mβ + Mη, Mγ, Mm11 (M3O1 + M3O4,5), Mm12 (M2N4 + M1N3), Mm21 (M2O1), Mm22 (M2O4 + M1O2,3) and the change in the intensity ratios due to multiple ionization of M- and higher-shells. The present measurements were carried out at 16UD Pelletron Accelerator at Inter-University Accelerator Centre (IUAC) Delhi. The ion beams were bombarded on thin targets evaporated on an ultrapure carbon backing of 10 μg/cm2. The targets fixed on a steel ladder were placed in an evacuated ( 1) collision regime, is being reported for the first time.

An array of eight CsI(Tl) detectors has been set up to measure the light charged particles in nuclear reactions using heavy ions from the Pelletron Linac Facility, Mumbai. The energy response of CsI(Tl) detector to α -particles from 5 to 40 MeV is measured using radioactive sources and the 12C(12C, α ) reaction populating discrete states in 20Ne. The energy non-linearity and the count rate effect on the pulse shape discrimination property have also been measured and observed the deterioration of pulse shape discrimination with higher count rate.

Inter University Accelerator Centre, an ion accelerator centre, is in the process of setting up a national facility for geochronology. It will be a unique and first such facility in the country to provide the latest and exclusive instrumentation for the geochronological related studies to earth scientists of the country. Within this program various instruments are being installed and a 500 kV Pelletron Accelerator for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) has already been set up to measure 14C, 10Be and 26Al radionuclides. A sample preparation laboratory having three automated graphitization equipment and one carbonate handling system has also been set up. Other analytical facilities required for geochronological studies have also been established. This paper provides a brief description of new AMS system, graphitization laboratory for sample preparation, routine 14C measurements, 10Be and 26Al measurements and other instruments installed and planned within the geochronology facility at IUAC.

The neutron capture cross sections of 232Th and 238U at the average neutron energies of 5.08 ± 0.17, 8.96 ± 0.77, 12.47 ± 0.83, and 16.63 ± 0.95 MeV have been measured by using the activation technique and off-line γ-ray spectroscopy. The 232Th and 238U were irradiated with neutrons produced from the 7Li(p, n) reaction using the proton energies of 7, 11, 15 and 18.8 MeV from the 14UD BARC-TIFR Pelletron facility in Mumbai, India. Detailed covariance analysis was also performed to evaluate the uncertainties in the measured cross-sections. The excitation function of the 232Th(n, γ) and 238U(n, γ) reactions were calculated using the theoretical model code TALYS-1.9. The experimental and theoretical results from the present work were compared with the ENDF/B-VII-1 and JENDL-4.0 nuclear data libraries and were found to be in good agreement.

The 107Ag(n, 2n)106mAg reaction cross sections at the neutron energies of 10.50 ± 0.68, 13.52 ± 0.67, 16.86 ± 0.58 and 19.86 ± 0.59 MeV were measured by using the off-line γ-ray spectroscopy and activation analysis techniques. The 7Li(p, n) reaction was used to produce the high-energy quasi-monoenergetic neutrons with the proton beam from the 14UD BARC-TIFR Pelletron facilities at Mumbai, India. The neutron flux was monitored using the standard 27Al(n, α)24Na monitor reaction. The detailed uncertainties analysis in the measured cross sections was performed using the covariance analysis. The cross sections were also theoretically calculated using TALYS-1.9 code from 10 to 25 MeV energies. The measured cross-sections data are compared with the evaluated data from TENDL-2019, JENDL-4.0 and ENDF/B-VIII.0 libraries as well as with the existing experimental data available in EXFOR compilation. Our data show good agreement with some of the previous experimental data and with the theoretical values calculated with TALYS-1.9 code. Present work will provide better description of level density models and pre-equilibrium process.

The cross sections of the selenium isotopes 76Se, 77Se, 78Se and 80Se within 10.5–19.81 MeV neutron energy range have been measured through neutron activation method along with off-line γ-ray spectrometry. The quasi-monoenergetic neutrons were produced from the 7Li $$\left( {p, n} \right)$$ reaction at 14UD BARC-TIFR Pelletron Accelerator Facility, Mumbai, India. The statistical codes TALYS-1.9 and EMPIRE-3.2.2 were applied for the theoretical calculation of reaction cross sections with different level density models from 2 to 22 MeV neutron energies. Besides this, the Se $$\left( {n, p} \right)$$ As reaction cross sections were also calculated from different systematic formulae within 14–15 MeV neutron energies. The measured data were compared with existing literature data available in the EXFOR database, evaluated data of ENDF/B-VIII.0, JENDL-4.0 and TENDL-2019 libraries and with theoretical outcomes through TALYS-1.9 and EMPIRE-3.2.2 codes. The uncertainties in existing cross sections were calculated through the method of covariance analysis by including partial uncertainties and correlation among the different attributes. The $$\left( {n, p} \right)$$ reaction cross sections of selenium isotopes at higher neutron energies first time measured in the present work can be added as new data in the nuclear data library.

A Triple GEM prototype of area 10 × 10 cm2 is fabricated and characterized using Fe55 source at the Institute of Physics, Bhubaneswar, India. The same GEM detector is used to characterize different metals by using the ion beam facility at the Institute of Physics. Proton beam generated from a 3 MV Tandem Pelletron has been used to emit X-rays from different metal targets, which irradiate on GEM. X-ray yield of the metals is directly proportional to the proton beam current. The spectra obtained from the detector have been used to detect the sample based on their energy output. The spectrum is taken with a brass sample shows two peaks corresponding to two X-ray energies.

Resistive Random-Access Memory (RRAM) is considered for next generation non-volatile memory application. RRAM has fascinated researchers due to its simple structure, lower switching voltages, high density, fast switching speeds and feasible integration into CMOS processing. Transition-Metal-Oxides have been shown to be brilliant materials for RRAM applications. Among them ZnO is one the most promising materials owing to its being fab-friendly feature, having dielectric constant (k=10). A thin film of ZnO was deposited on ITO coated glass substrate by RF sputtering using radio frequency of 13.5 Mhz and Ar as carrier gas where the substrate to target distance is 7cm and Substrate rotation is 10 rpm. The RF power is 100W. The deposition rate is 0.2-0.3 A°/S. Thickness of the ZnO film was determined to be 100 nm by Rutherford backscattering using 2 MeV alpha particles from Pelletron accelerator. The I-V characteristics of the above sample was performed by using probe station (two probe mode) with pressure contact made of W metal using Keithley 6517b electrometer at IUAC, Delhi. The I-V characteristics showed a hysteresis behaviour.

Carbon and oxygen burning reactions, in particular, $^{12}\mathrm{C}+^{12}\mathrm{C}$ fusion, are important for the understanding and interpretation of the late phases of stellar evolution as well as the ignition and nucleosynthesis in cataclysmic binary systems such as type Ia supernovae and x-ray superbursts. A new measurement of this reaction has been performed at the University of Notre Dame using particle-$\ensuremath{\gamma}$ coincidence techniques with SAND (a silicon detector array) at the high-intensity 5U Pelletron accelerator. New results for $^{12}\mathrm{C}+^{12}\mathrm{C}$ fusion at low energies relevant to nuclear astrophysics are reported. They show strong disagreement with a recent measurement using the indirect Trojan Horse method. The impact on the carbon burning process under astrophysical scenarios will be discussed.

Cross section of the $$^{113}$$In$$(n, n')$$$$^{113m}$$In, $$^{115}$$In$$(n, 2n)$$$$^{114m}$$In and $$^{115}$$In($$n, n'$$)$$^{115m}$$In reactions has been measured at average neutron energies of 10.95 ± 0.67, 13.97 ± 0.97, 16.99 ± 0.88 and 20.00 ± 0.94 MeV, using neutron activation analysis followed by the offline $$\gamma $$-ray spectrometric technique. Quasi-monoenergetic neutrons were produced by bombarding natural lithium with proton beam of appropriate energies at the 14UD BARC-TIFR Pelletron facility, Mumbai, India. The present experimental results have been compared with available experimental reaction data in EXFOR, theoretical results of nuclear reaction model code TALYS-1.9 and evaluated data library JENDL/AD. The uncertainty and correlation between the present experimental data have been determined using the ratio technique of covariance analysis. This technique considers the collective error from all the attributes in the measurement. The experimental results discussed in this paper have significant importance in the advancement of reactor technology.

A horizontal-type 6 MV Pelletron tandem accelerator was installed at the University of Tsukuba, Japan, in September 2014. The first test of the multi-nuclide accelerator mass spectrometry system was performed in March 2016, after two years of construction. This is the first report of its performance. The particle detection system was designed for high-sensitivity detection of 10Be, 14C, 26Al, 36Cl, 41Ca, and 129I. A five-electrode ΔE-E gas-ionization detector was installed as the end station of the detection system. The system background for 14C measurements, with the 4+ charge state at 5.0 MV, has a 14C/12C ratio of ∼2.4 × 10−16. 10Be, 26Al, 36Cl, 41Ca, and 129I have also been successfully detected. The 41Ca/Ca background is ∼3 × 10−15 as a result of improved isobaric separation techniques.

Tandem particle accelerators produce beams of atomic nuclei which are used for nuclear physics or materials science experiments. The U.S. Naval Academy tandem has predominately been used only for proton beams during the past 27 years. This project developed beams of projectiles more massive than helium for the first time and used them for materials science applications. Special scattering chambers were developed for ion implantation and the study of scintillating materials.

The Pelletron Linac Facility (PLF), set up as a collaborative project between the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC) and the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), has been a major center...

Excitation functions of the proton induced reactions on Nb 93 were measured using the stack foil activation followed by off-line γ-ray spectrometry at 14UD BARC-TIFR Pelletron accelerator, Mumbai, India. Proton beam of 22 MeV was used for the present analysis and was degraded along the stack of five niobium foils. We have identified Mo 93 m , Nb 92 m and Zr 89 g reaction residues populated through ( p , n ), ( p , p n ) and ( p , α n ) reaction channels, respectively. The measured cross-section data were compared with the existing literature data available in EXFOR and were found to be in a good agreement. The calculated excitation functions were also compared with the theoretical predictions of TALYS-1.9 code using suitable input parameters for the pure compound nucleus (CN) and pre-equilibrium (PE) reaction cross-sections. The PE process was found to be dominant over the CN process at higher incident proton energies. The present work is also essential for the production cross-section and dose estimation for the medical isotope Zr 89 g in PET diagnostics procedure.

The 59Co(n, 2n)58Co reaction cross sections relative to the cross sections of the 115In(n, n′)115mIn reaction have been measured at the effective neutron energies of 11.98 and 15.75 MeV by using activation and off-line γ-ray spectrometric technique. Neutron beam used in the present experiment was generated from the 7Li(p, n)7Be reaction with the proton energies of 14 and 18 MeV at the 14UD BARC-TIFR Pelletron facility, Mumbai. We also present the covariance information by taking into account the sources of error and the correlations between the attributes influencing the measurements. The 59Co(n, 2n)58Co reaction cross sections from the present work are then compared with the values from different evaluated nuclear data libraries. The micro-correlation technique suggested by Smith was modified to generate the covariance matrix for the measurements of reaction cross sections as the efficiencies of detector for the sample and monitor are correlated.

Excitation functions of the 93Nb(p,n)93mMo and 93Nb(p,pn)92mNb reactions were measured from threshold energies to ∼ 20 MeV by employing stacked foil activation technique in combination with the off-line γ-ray spectroscopy at the BARC-TIFR Pelletron facility, Mumbai. For the 20 MeV proton beam, the energy degradation along the stack was calculated using the computer code SRIM 2013. The proton beam intensity was determined via the natCu(p,x)62Zn monitor reaction. The experimental data obtained were compared with the theoretical results from TALYS-1.8 as well as with the literature data available in EXFOR. It was found that for the 93Nb(p,n)92mMo reaction, the present data are in close agreement with some of the recent literature data and the theoretical values based on TALYS-1.8 but are lower than the other literature data. In the case of 93Nb(p,pn)93mNb reaction, present data agree very well with the literature data and the theoretical values.

We performed a proton-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) analysis of synthetic turf blade and crumb rubber infill samples to search for heavy metals and other possibly toxic substances. Samples were collected from eight FieldTurf athletic fields installed in the Capital District of New York between 2009 and 2016. The samples were bombarded with proton beams from the 1.1-MV tandem Pelletron accelerator in the Union College Ion-Beam Analysis Laboratory and the emitted X-rays were measured using a silicon drift detector with an energy resolution of about 130 eV. All of the infill samples contained Zn at levels above soil standards. Approximately 17% of the infill samples contained measurable concentrations of Pb and one had a level (110 ± 10 ppm) exceeding soil standards. Bromine was detected in approximately 42% of the infill samples with a maximum concentration of 1500 ± 200 ppm and may be due to the presence of brominated flame retardants. The distributions and relative concentrations of elements measured in synthetic turf blade samples of different colors are indicative of the metal-oxide pigments used to color the blades. For example, V and Bi observed in yellow blade samples are from the environmentally friendly, yellow pigment bismuth vanadate.

A bipolar-transistor-based sensor technique has been used to compare silicon displacement damage from known and unknown neutron energy spectra generated in nuclear reactor and high-energy-density physics environments. The technique has been shown to yield 1-MeV(Si) equivalent neutron fluence measurements comparable to traditional neutron activation dosimetry. This paper significantly extends previous results by evaluating three types of bipolar devices utilized as displacement damage sensors at a nuclear research reactor and at a Pelletron particle accelerator. Ionizing dose effects are compensated for via comparisons with 10-keV X-ray and/or cobalt-60 gamma ray irradiations. Nonionizing energy loss calculations adequately approximate the correlations between particle and device responses and provide evidence for the use of one particle type to screen the sensitivity of the other.

The formation cross-section of medical isotope 99Mo from the 98Mo(n,γ) reaction at the neutron energy of 0.025eV and from the 100Mo(n,2n) reaction at the neutron energies of 11.9 and 15.75MeV have been determined by using activation and off-line γ-ray spectrometric technique. The thermal neutron energy of 0.025eV was used from the reactor critical facility at BARC, Mumbai, whereas the average neutron energies of 11.9 and 15.75MeV were generated using 7Li(p,n) reaction in the Pelletron facility at TIFR, Mumbai. The experimentally determined cross-sections were compared with the evaluated nuclear data libraries of ENDF/B-VII.1, CENDL-3.1, JENDL-4.0 and JEFF-3.2 and are found to be in close agreement. The 100Mo(n,2n)99Mo reaction cross-sections were also calculated theoretically by using TALYS-1.8 and EMPIRE-3.2 computer codes and compared with the experimental data.

A series of nuclides (14C, 26Al, and 36Cl) was measured using the 12UD Pelletron tandem accelerator before replacement by the horizontal 6 MV tandem accelerator at the University of Tsukuba Tandem Accelerator Complex (UTTAC). This paper considers the modification of the accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) measurement parameters to suit the current 6 MV tandem accelerator setup (e.g., terminal voltage, detected ion charge state, gas pressure, and entrance window material in detector). The Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System (PHITS) was also used to simulate AMS measurement to determine the best conditions to suppress isobaric interference. The spectra of 41Ca and 41K were then successfully separated and their nuclear spectra were identified; the system achieved a background level of 41Ca/40Ca ∼ 6 × 10 - 14 .

Stainless steel 306 is implanted with various doses of nitrogen ions using a 2 MV pelletron accelerator for the improvement of its surface biomedical properties. Raman spectroscopy reveals incubati...

The Fe 58 ( p , n ) Co 58 reaction cross-section within Giant Dipole Resonance (GDR) region i.e. from 3.38 to 19.63 MeV was measured by stacked-foil activation and off-line γ-ray spectrometric technique using the BARC-TIFR Pelletron facility at Mumbai. The present data were compared with the existing literature data and found to be in good agreement. The Fe 58 ( p , n ) Co 58 reaction cross-section as a function of proton energy was also theoretically calculated by using the computer code TALYS-1.8 and found to be in good agreement, which shows the validity of the TALYS-1.8 program.