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14 results on '"Peñuelas, Josep [0000-0002-7215-0150]"'

1. Fungi and bacteria trade-off mediates drought-induced reduction in wood decomposition

Author

National Natural Science Foundation of China, Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai, Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China), Peñuelas, Josep [0000-0002-7215-0150], Zhou, Guiyao [0000-0002-1385-3913], Zhou, Xuhui [0000-0002-2038-9901], Jia, Shuxian, Yuan, Tengfeng, Fu, Yuling, Peñuelas, Josep, Zhou, Guiyao, Zhou, Lingyan, Liu, Dingqin, He, Yanghui, Liu, Ruiqiang, Wang, Xinxin, Song, Bingqian, Jiang, Zheng, Zhou, Xuhui, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai, Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (China), Peñuelas, Josep [0000-0002-7215-0150], Zhou, Guiyao [0000-0002-1385-3913], Zhou, Xuhui [0000-0002-2038-9901], Jia, Shuxian, Yuan, Tengfeng, Fu, Yuling, Peñuelas, Josep, Zhou, Guiyao, Zhou, Lingyan, Liu, Dingqin, He, Yanghui, Liu, Ruiqiang, Wang, Xinxin, Song, Bingqian, Jiang, Zheng, and Zhou, Xuhui

Abstract

Climate change has significantly increased the frequency and intensity of drought events in recent decades, which may affect the decomposition of organic matter such as deadwood. Previous studies have examined the impacts of microclimate and wood traits on deadwood decomposition, but how wood microbes regulate effects of drought intensity on deadwood decomposition remains unclear. In this study, a field drought experiment was conducted with three throughfall exclusion levels (i.e., control, −35% and −70% rainfall treatments) in a subtropical forest to probe relative importance of microclimate, wood traits, and microbial biomass on wood decomposition. Our results showed that the −35% and −70% rainfall treatments significantly decreased wood CO2 efflux by 28.27% and 47.49%, respectively. Drought-induced decreases in wood CO2 efflux were mainly mediated by wood microbial biomass, particularly wood fungi biomass. The structural equation modelling indicated a shift in the dominant wood microbial communities in regulating wood CO2 efflux from bacteria to fungi as drought intensities increased. Our findings highlight the crucial role of wood microbial community with the trade-off between fungi and bacteria on deadwood decomposition under drought, which should be taken into account to decode forest carbon cycle − climate feedback in the future research.

Published
2024

2. Shifts of forest resilience after seismic disturbances in tectonically active regions

Author

National Natural Science Foundation of China, Tibet Autonomous Region, Rossi, Sergio [0000-0003-4402-3418], Peñuelas, Josep [0000-0002-7215-0150], Camarero, Jesús Julio [0000-0003-2436-2922], Gao, Shan, Liang, Eryuan, Liu, Ruishun, Lu, Xiaoming, Rossi, Sergio, Zhu, Haifeng, Piao, Shilong, Peñuelas, Josep, Camarero, Jesús Julio, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Tibet Autonomous Region, Rossi, Sergio [0000-0003-4402-3418], Peñuelas, Josep [0000-0002-7215-0150], Camarero, Jesús Julio [0000-0003-2436-2922], Gao, Shan, Liang, Eryuan, Liu, Ruishun, Lu, Xiaoming, Rossi, Sergio, Zhu, Haifeng, Piao, Shilong, Peñuelas, Josep, and Camarero, Jesús Julio

Abstract

Forests in tectonically active regions are disturbed by earthquakes. Besides direct injuries to trees, earthquakes also induce stand-wide changes in hydrological conditions, whose effects on long-term forest growth and resilience remain unknown. Here we establish spatio-temporal links between global tree-ring width series and earthquakes after 1900, disentangle seismic signals from climate-induced variations in ring width series, test growth changes using superposed epoch analysis and quantify post-earthquake resilience shifts along environmental gradients in seven regions around the world. We found sites with enhanced resilience locate in relatively dry areas of temperate regions, where the response of tree growth to growing-season precipitation also increased after earthquakes. Our results provide evidence that earthquake-induced soil cracks and fractures increased precipitation infiltration to deeper soil layers and enhanced the use of water and nutrients by trees. In contrast, reduced post-earthquake resilience in regions with abundant precipitation can be explained by increased soil erosion and nutrient leaching. We conclude that seismic disturbances cause decadal-scale shifts in forest resilience under specific environmental conditions, disentangling complex interactions between lithosphere, biosphere and atmosphere. These findings can contribute to a better understanding of how the Earth system functions.

Published
2024

3. Disconnection between plant–microbial nutrient limitation across forest biomes

Author

National Natural Science Foundation of China, Generalitat de Catalunya, Fundación Ramón Areces, National Key Research and Development Program (China), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Liu, Ji [0000-0003-1923-7908], Fang, Linchuan [0000-0003-1923-7908], Qiu, Tianyi [0000-0002-5778-0592], Sardans, Jordi [0000-0003-2478-0219], Du, Enzai [0000-0002-5519-0150], Chen, Ji [0000-0001-7026-6312], Tang, Wenfeng [0000-0002-3098-2928], Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel [0000-0002-6499-576X], Zhou, Guiyao [0000-0002-1385-3913], Cui, Qingliang [0000-0002-2216-4925], Peñuelas, Josep [0000-0002-7215-0150], Cui, Yongxing [0000-0002-8624-2785], Bing, Haijian [0000-0002-9813-6939], Liu, Ji, Fang, Linchuan, Qiu, Tianyi, Bing, Haijian, Cui, Yongxing, Sardans, Jordi, Du, Enzai, Chen, Ji, Tang, Wenfeng, Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel, Zhou, Guiyao, Cui, Qingliang, Peñuelas, Josep, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Generalitat de Catalunya, Fundación Ramón Areces, National Key Research and Development Program (China), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Liu, Ji [0000-0003-1923-7908], Fang, Linchuan [0000-0003-1923-7908], Qiu, Tianyi [0000-0002-5778-0592], Sardans, Jordi [0000-0003-2478-0219], Du, Enzai [0000-0002-5519-0150], Chen, Ji [0000-0001-7026-6312], Tang, Wenfeng [0000-0002-3098-2928], Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel [0000-0002-6499-576X], Zhou, Guiyao [0000-0002-1385-3913], Cui, Qingliang [0000-0002-2216-4925], Peñuelas, Josep [0000-0002-7215-0150], Cui, Yongxing [0000-0002-8624-2785], Bing, Haijian [0000-0002-9813-6939], Liu, Ji, Fang, Linchuan, Qiu, Tianyi, Bing, Haijian, Cui, Yongxing, Sardans, Jordi, Du, Enzai, Chen, Ji, Tang, Wenfeng, Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel, Zhou, Guiyao, Cui, Qingliang, and Peñuelas, Josep

Abstract

Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are essential elements limiting plant–microbial growth in forest ecosystems. However, whether the pattern of plant–microbe nutrient limitation is consistent across forest biomes and the associated potential mechanisms remain largely unclear, limiting us to better understand the biogeochemical processes under future climate change. Here, we investigated patterns of plant–microbial N/P limitation in forests across a wide environmental gradient and biomes in China to explore the divergence of plant–microbial N/P limitation and the driving mechanisms. We revealed that 42.6% of the N/P limitation between plant–microbial communities was disconnected. Patterns in plant–microbial N/P limitations were consistent only for 17.7% of N and 39.7% of P. Geospatially, the inconsistency was more evident at mid-latitudes, where plants were mainly N limited and microbes were mainly P limited. Furthermore, our findings were consistent with the ecological stoichiometry of plants and microbes themselves and their requirements. Whereas plant N and P limitation was more strongly responsive to meteorological conditions and atmospheric deposition, that of microbes was more strongly responsive to soil chemistry, which exacerbated the plant–microbe N and P limitation divergence. Our work identified an important disconnection between plant and microbial N/P limitation, which should be incorporated into future Earth System Model to better predict forest biomes–climate change feedback. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog. © 2023 The Authors. Functional Ecology © 2023 British Ecological Society

Published
2023

4. Microbial communities in terrestrial surface soils are not widely limited by carbon

Author

National Natural Science Foundation of China, China Postdoctoral Science Foundation, Cui, Yongxing [0000-0002-8624-2785], Peng, Shushi [0000-0001-5098-726X], Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel [0000-0002-6499-576X], Rillig, Matthias C. [0000-0003-3541-7853], Terrer, C. [0000-0002-5479-3486], Zhu, Biao [0000-0001-9858-7943], Jing, Xin [0000-0002-7146-7180], Chen, Ji [0000-0001-7026-6312], Li, Jinquan [0000-0002-2219-2571], Feng, Jiao [0000-0003-2879-3498], He, Yue [0000-0002-7754-7026], Fang, Linchuan [0000-0003-1923-7908], Moorhead, Daryl L. [0000-0002-3460-5302], Peñuelas, Josep [0000-0002-7215-0150], Cui, Yongxing, Peng, Shushi, Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel, Rillig, Matthias C., Terrer, C., Zhu, Biao, Jing, Xin, Chen, Ji, Li, Jinquan, Feng, Jiao, He, Yue, Fang, Linchuan, Moorhead, Daryl L., Sinsabaugh, Robert L., Peñuelas, Josep, National Natural Science Foundation of China, China Postdoctoral Science Foundation, Cui, Yongxing [0000-0002-8624-2785], Peng, Shushi [0000-0001-5098-726X], Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel [0000-0002-6499-576X], Rillig, Matthias C. [0000-0003-3541-7853], Terrer, C. [0000-0002-5479-3486], Zhu, Biao [0000-0001-9858-7943], Jing, Xin [0000-0002-7146-7180], Chen, Ji [0000-0001-7026-6312], Li, Jinquan [0000-0002-2219-2571], Feng, Jiao [0000-0003-2879-3498], He, Yue [0000-0002-7754-7026], Fang, Linchuan [0000-0003-1923-7908], Moorhead, Daryl L. [0000-0002-3460-5302], Peñuelas, Josep [0000-0002-7215-0150], Cui, Yongxing, Peng, Shushi, Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel, Rillig, Matthias C., Terrer, C., Zhu, Biao, Jing, Xin, Chen, Ji, Li, Jinquan, Feng, Jiao, He, Yue, Fang, Linchuan, Moorhead, Daryl L., Sinsabaugh, Robert L., and Peñuelas, Josep

Abstract

Microbial communities in soils are generally considered to be limited by carbon (C), which could be a crucial control for basic soil functions and responses of microbial heterotrophic metabolism to climate change. However, global soil microbial C limitation (MCL) has rarely been estimated and is poorly understood. Here, we predicted MCL, defined as limited availability of substrate C relative to nitrogen and/or phosphorus to meet microbial metabolic requirements, based on the thresholds of extracellular enzyme activity across 847 sites (2476 observations) representing global natural ecosystems. Results showed that only about 22% of global sites in terrestrial surface soils show relative C limitation in microbial community. This finding challenges the conventional hypothesis of ubiquitous C limitation for soil microbial metabolism. The limited geographic extent of C limitation in our study was mainly attributed to plant litter, rather than soil organic matter that has been processed by microbes, serving as the dominant C source for microbial acquisition. We also identified a significant latitudinal pattern of predicted MCL with larger C limitation at mid- to high latitudes, whereas this limitation was generally absent in the tropics. Moreover, MCL significantly constrained the rates of soil heterotrophic respiration, suggesting a potentially larger relative increase in respiration at mid- to high latitudes than low latitudes, if climate change increases primary productivity that alleviates MCL at higher latitudes. Our study provides the first global estimates of MCL, advancing our understanding of terrestrial C cycling and microbial metabolic feedback under global climate change.

Published
2023

5. Warming-induced phenological mismatch between trees and shrubs explains high-elevation forest expansion

Author

National Natural Science Foundation of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China Scholarship Council, Generalitat de Catalunya, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), European Commission, Fundación Ramón Areces, Camarero, Jesús Julio [0000-0003-2436-2922], Rossi, Sergio [0000-0003-4402-3418], Peñuelas, Josep [0000-0002-7215-0150], Li, Xiaoxia, Liang, Eryuan, Camarero, Jesús Julio, Rossi, Sergio, Zhang, Jingtian, Zhu, Haifeng, Fu, Yongshuo H., Sun, Jian, Wang, Tao, Piao, Shilong, Peñuelas, Josep, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China Scholarship Council, Generalitat de Catalunya, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), European Commission, Fundación Ramón Areces, Camarero, Jesús Julio [0000-0003-2436-2922], Rossi, Sergio [0000-0003-4402-3418], Peñuelas, Josep [0000-0002-7215-0150], Li, Xiaoxia, Liang, Eryuan, Camarero, Jesús Julio, Rossi, Sergio, Zhang, Jingtian, Zhu, Haifeng, Fu, Yongshuo H., Sun, Jian, Wang, Tao, Piao, Shilong, and Peñuelas, Josep

Abstract

Despite the importance of species interaction in modulating the range shifts of plants, little is known about the responses of coexisting life forms to a warmer climate. Here, we combine long-term monitoring of cambial phenology in sympatric trees and shrubs at two treelines of the Tibetan Plateau, with a meta-analysis of ring-width series from 344 shrubs and 575 trees paired across 11 alpine treelines in the Northern Hemisphere. Under a spring warming of +1°C, xylem resumption advances by 2–4 days in trees, but delays by 3–8 days in shrubs. The divergent phenological response to warming was due to shrubs being 3.2 times more sensitive than trees to chilling accumulation. Warmer winters increased the thermal requirement for cambial reactivation in shrubs, leading to a delayed response to warmer springs. Our meta-analysis confirmed such a mechanism across continental scales. The warming-induced phenological mismatch may give a competitive advantage to trees over shrubs, which would provide a new explanation for increasing alpine treeline shifts under the context of climate change.

Published
2023

6. Data on: Winter warming offset one half of the spring warming effects on leaf unfolding

Author

National Key Research and Development Program (China), National Natural Science Foundation of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wang, Huanjiong [0000-0002-2325-0120], Peñuelas, Josep [0000-0002-7215-0150], Wang, Huanjiong, Dai, Junhu, Peñuelas, Josep, Ge, Quansheng, Fu, Yongshuo H., Wu, Chaoyang, National Key Research and Development Program (China), National Natural Science Foundation of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wang, Huanjiong [0000-0002-2325-0120], Peñuelas, Josep [0000-0002-7215-0150], Wang, Huanjiong, Dai, Junhu, Peñuelas, Josep, Ge, Quansheng, Fu, Yongshuo H., and Wu, Chaoyang

Abstract

This dataset is the data used to create figures in paper of Global change biology entitled "Data on Winter warming offset one half of the spring warming effects on leaf unfolding", we constructed a phenological model based on the linear or exponential function between the chilling accumulation (CA) and forcing requirements (FR) of leaf-out. We further used the phenological model to quantify the relative contributions of chilling and forcing on past and future spring phenological change. The results showed that the delaying effect of decreased chilling on the leaf-out date was prevalent in natural conditions, as more than 99% of time series exhibited a negative relationship between CA and FR. The reduction in chilling linked to winter warming from 1951-2014 could offset about one half of the spring phenological advance caused by the increase in forcing. In future warming scenarios, if the same model is used and a linear, stable correlation between CA and FR is assumed, declining chilling will continuously offset the advance of leaf-out to a similar degree. Our study stresses the importance of assessing the antagonistic effects of winter and spring warming on leaf-out phenology.

Published
2022

7. More soil organic carbon is sequestered through the mycelium-pathway than through the root-pathway under nitrogen enrichment in an alpine forest

Author

National Natural Science Foundation of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, European Research Council, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Zhu, Xiaomin [0000-0001-8213-1992], Peñuelas, Josep [0000-0002-7215-0150], Lambers, Hans [0000-0002-4118-2272+, Zhu, Xiaomin [zhuxm@cib.ac.cn], Zhu, Xiaomin, Zhang, Ziliang, Wang, Qitong, Peñuelas, Josep, Sardans, Jordi, Li, Na, Liu, Qing, Yin, Huajun, Liu, Zhanfeng, Lambers, Hans, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, European Research Council, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Zhu, Xiaomin [0000-0001-8213-1992], Peñuelas, Josep [0000-0002-7215-0150], Lambers, Hans [0000-0002-4118-2272+, Zhu, Xiaomin [zhuxm@cib.ac.cn], Zhu, Xiaomin, Zhang, Ziliang, Wang, Qitong, Peñuelas, Josep, Sardans, Jordi, Li, Na, Liu, Qing, Yin, Huajun, Liu, Zhanfeng, and Lambers, Hans

Abstract

Plant roots and associated mycorrhizae exert a large influence on soil carbon (C) cycling. Yet, little was known whether and how roots and ectomycorrhizal extraradical mycelia differentially contribute to soil organic C (SOC) accumulation in alpine forests under increasing nitrogen (N) deposition. Using ingrowth cores, the relative contributions of the root-pathway (RP) (i.e., roots and rhizosphere processes) and mycelium-pathway (MP) (i.e., extraradical mycelia and hyphosphere processes) to SOC accumulation were distinguished and quantified in an ectomycorrhizal-dominated forest receiving chronic N addition (25 kg N ha-1 yr-1). Under the non-N addition, the RP facilitated SOC accumulation, while the MP reduced SOC accumulation. Nitrogen addition enhanced the positive effect of RP on SOC accumulation from +18.02 mg C g-1 to +20.55 mg C g-1 but counteracted the negative effect of MP on SOC accumulation from -5.62 mg C g-1 to -0.57 mg C g-1, as compared to the non-N addition. Compared to the non-N addition, the N-induced SOC accumulation was 1.62~2.21 mg C g-1 and 3.23~4.74 mg C g-1, in the RP and the MP, respectively. The greater contribution of MP to SOC accumulation was mainly attributed to the higher microbial C pump (MCP) efficacy (the proportion of increased microbial residual C to the increased SOC under N addition) in the MP (72.5%) relative to the RP (57%). The higher MCP efficacy in the MP was mainly associated with the higher fungal metabolic activity (i.e., the greater fungal biomass and N-acetyl glucosidase activity) and greater binding efficiency of fungal residual C to mineral surfaces than those of RP. Collectively, our findings highlight the indispensable role of mycelia and hyphosphere processes in the formation and accumulation of stable SOC in the context of increasing N deposition.

Published
2022

8. Species richness is a strong driver of forest biomass along broad bioclimatic gradients in the Himalayas

Author

Chinese Academy of Sciences, The World Academy of Sciences, Fundación Ramón Areces, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Camarero, Jesús Julio [0000-0003-2436-2922], Peñuelas, Josep [0000-0002-7215-0150], Dyola, Nita, Sigdel, Shalik Ram, Liang, Eryuan, Babst, Flurin, Camarero, Jesús Julio, Aryal, Sugam, Chettri, Nakul, Gao, Shan, Lu, Xiaoming, Sun, Jian, Wang, Tao, Zhang, Gengxin, Zhu, Haifeng, Piao, Shilong, Peñuelas, Josep, Chinese Academy of Sciences, The World Academy of Sciences, Fundación Ramón Areces, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Camarero, Jesús Julio [0000-0003-2436-2922], Peñuelas, Josep [0000-0002-7215-0150], Dyola, Nita, Sigdel, Shalik Ram, Liang, Eryuan, Babst, Flurin, Camarero, Jesús Julio, Aryal, Sugam, Chettri, Nakul, Gao, Shan, Lu, Xiaoming, Sun, Jian, Wang, Tao, Zhang, Gengxin, Zhu, Haifeng, Piao, Shilong, and Peñuelas, Josep

Abstract

Forest biomass is an important component of terrestrial carbon pools. However, how climate, biodiversity, and structural attributes co-determine spatiotemporal variation in forest biomass remains not well known. We aimed to shed light on these drivers of forest biomass by measuring diversity and structural attributes of tree species in 400-m2 plots located every 100 m along a 4200-m elevational gradient in the eastern Himalayas. We applied structural equation models to test how climate, species richness, structural attributes, and their interactions influence forest biomass. Importantly, species richness was a stronger driver of biomass than environmental and structural attributes such as annual air temperature or stem density. Integrating the availability of energy and the demand for water, potential evapotranspiration was more strongly correlated with biomass than water availability, likely due to the strong influence of the Indian summer monsoon. Thus, interactions between climate and tree community composition ultimately control how much carbon is stored in woody biomass across bioclimatic gradients. This fundamental understanding will support predictive efforts of the forest carbon sink in this hydroclimatically important region and help preserving regional forests as a potent natural solution for climate change mitigation.

Published
2022

9. Global maps of soil temperature

Author

Benito Alonso, José Luis [0000-0003-1086-8834], García González, María Begoña [0000-0003-4231-6006], Ogaya, Romá [0000-0003-4927-8479], Peñuelas, Josep [0000-0002-7215-0150], Hampe, Arndt [0000-0003-2551-9784], Hoffrén, Raúl [0000-0002-9123-304X], Poyatos, Rafael [0000-0003-0521-2523], Lembrechts, Jonas J., Hoogen, Johan van den, Aalto, Juha, Ashcroft, Michael B., De Frenne, Pieter, Kemppinen, Julia, Kopecký, Martin, Luoto, Miska, Maclean, Ilya M. D., Crowther, Thomas W., Bailey, Joseph J., Haesen, Stef, Klinges, David H., Niittynen, Pekka, Scheffers, Brett R., Meerbeek, Koenraad Van, Aartsma, Peter, Abdalaze, Otar, Abedi, Mehdi, Aerts, Rien, Ahmadian, Negar, Ahrends, Antje, Alatalo, Juha M., Alexander, Jake M., Allonsius, Camille Nina, Altman, Jan, Ammann, Christof, Andres, Christian, Andrews, Christopher, Ardö, Jonas, Arriga, Nicola, Arzac, Alberto, Aschero, Valeria, Assis, Rafael L., Assmann, Jakob Johann, Bader, Maaike Y., Bahalkeh, Khadijeh, Barančok, Peter, Barrio, Isabel C., Barros, Agustina, Barthel, Matti, Basham, Edmund W., Bauters, Marijn, Bazzichetto, Manuele, Marchesini, Luca Belelli, Bell, Michael C., Benavides, Juan C., Benito Alonso, José Luis, Berauer, Bernd J., Bjerke, Jarle W., Björk, Robert G., Björkman, Mats P., Björnsdóttir, Katrin, Blonder, Benjamin, Boeckx, Pascal, Boike, Julia, Bokhorst, Stef, Brum, Bárbara N. S., Brůna, Josef, Buchmann, Nina, Buysse, Pauline, Camargo, José Luís, Campoe, Otávio C., Candan, Onur, Canessa, Rafaella, Cannone, Nicoletta, Carbognani, Michele, Carnicer, Jofre, Casanova-Katny, Angélica, Cesarz, Simone, Chojnicki, Bogdan, Choler, Philippe, Chown, Steven L., Cifuentes, Edgar F., Čiliak, Marek, Contador, Tamara, Convey, Peter, Cooper, Elisabeth J., Cremonese, Edoardo, Curasi, Salvatore R., Curtis, Robin, Cutini, Maurizio, Dahlberg, C. Johan, Daskalova, Gergana N., Pablo, Miguel Ángel de, Della Chiesa, Stefano, Dengler, Jürgen, Deronde, Bart, Descombes, Patrice, Di Cecco, Valter, Di Musciano, Michele, Dick, Jan, Dimarco, Romina D., Dolezal, Jiri, Dorrepaal, Ellen, Dušek, Jiří, Eisenhauer, Nico, Eklundh, Lars, Erickson, Todd E., Erschbamer, Brigitta, Eugster, Werner, Ewers, Robert M., Exton, Dan A., Fanin, Nicolas, Fazlioglu, Fatih, Feigenwinter, Iris, Fenu, Giuseppe, Ferlian, Olga, Fernández Calzado, María Rosa, Fernández-Pascual, Eduardo, Finckh, Manfred, Finger Higgens, Rebecca, Forte, T'ai G. W., Freeman, Erika C., Frei, Esther R., Fuentes-Lillo, Eduardo, García, Rafael A., García González, María Begoña, Géron, Charly, Gharun, Mana, Ghosn, Dany, Gigauri, Khatuna, Gobin, Anne, Goded, Ignacio, Goeckede, Mathias, Gottschall, Felix, Goulding, Keith, Govaert, Sanne, Graae, Bente Jessen, Greenwood, Sarah, Greiser, Caroline, Grelle, Achim, Guénard, Benoit, Guglielmin, Mauro, Guillemot, Joannès, Haase, Peter, Haider, Sylvia, Halbritter, Aud H., Hamid, Maroof, Hammerle, Albin, Hampe, Arndt, Haugum, Siri V., Hederová, Lucia, Heinesch, Bernard, Helfter, Carole, Hepenstrick, Daniel, Herberich, Maximiliane, Herbst, Mathias, Hermanutz, Luise, Hik, David S., Hoffrén, Raúl, Homeier, Jürgen, Hörtnagl, Lukas, Høye, Toke T., Hrbacek, Filip, Hylander, Kristoffer, Iwata, Hiroki, Jackowicz-Korczynski, Marcin Antoni, Jactel, Hervé, Järveoja, Järvi, Jastrzębowski, Szymon, Jentsch, Anke, Jiménez, Juan J., Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg S., Jucker, Tommaso, Jump, Alistair S., Juszczak, Radoslaw, Kanka, Róbert, Kašpar, Vít, Kazakis, George, Kelly, Julia, Khuroo, Anzar A., Klemedtsson, Leif, Klisz, Marcin, Kljun, Natascha, Knohl, Alexander, Kobler, Johannes, Kollár, Jozef, Kotowska, Martyna M., Kovács, Bence, Kreyling, Juergen, Lamprecht, Andrea, Lang, Simone I., Larson, Christian, Larson, Keith, Laska, Kamil, Le Maire, Guerric, Leihy, Rachel I., Lens, Luc, Liljebladh, Bengt, Lohila, Annalea, Lorite, Juan, Loubet, Benjamin, Lynn, Joshua, Macek, Martin, Mackenzie, Roy, Magliulo, Enzo, Maier, Regine, Malfasi, Francesco, Máliš, František, Man, Matěj, Manca, Giovanni, Manco, Antonio, Manise, Tanguy, Manolaki, Paraskevi, Marciniak, Felipe, Matula, Radim, Mazzolari, Ana Clara, Medinets, Sergiy, Medinets, Volodymyr, Meeussen, Camille, Merinero, Sonia, Mesquita, Rita de Cássia Guimarães, Meusburger, Katrin, Meysman, Filip J. R., Michaletz, Sean T., Milbau, Ann, Moiseev, Dmitry, Moiseev, Pavel, Mondoni, Andrea, Monfries, Ruth, Montagnani, Leonardo, Moriana-Armendariz, Mikel, Morra di Cella, Umberto, Mörsdorf, Martin, Mosedale, Jonathan R., Muffler, Lena, Muñoz-Rojas, Miriam, Myers, Jonathan A., Myers-Smith, Isla H., Nagy, Laszlo, Nardino, Marianna, Naujokaitis-Lewis, Ilona, Newling, Emily, Nicklas, Lena, Niedrist, Georg, Niessner, Armin, Nilsson, Mats B., Normand, Signe, Nosetto, Marcelo D., Nouvellon, Yann, Nuñez, Martin A., Ogaya, Romá, Ogée, Jérôme, Okello, Joseph, Olejnik, Janusz, Olesen, Jørgen Eivind, Opedal, Øystein H., Orsenigo, Simone, Palaj, Andrej, Pampuch, Timo, Panov, Alexey V., Pärtel, Meelis, Pastor, Ada, Pauchard, Aníbal, Pauli, Harald, Pavelka, Marian, Pearse, William D., Peichl, Matthias, Pellissier, Loïc, Penczykowski, Rachel M., Peñuelas, Josep, Petit Bon, Matteo, Petraglia, Alessandro, Phartyal, Shyam S., Phoenix, Gareth K., Pio, Casimiro, Pitacco, Andrea, Pitteloud, Camille, Plichta, Roman, Porro, Francesco, Portillo-Estrada, Miguel, Poulenard, Jérôme, Poyatos, Rafael, Prokushkin, Anatoly S., Puchalka, Radoslaw, Pușcaș, Mihai, Radujković, Dajana, Randall, Krystal, Ratier Backes, Amanda, Remmele, Sabine, Remmers, Wolfram, Renault, David, Risch, Anita C., Rixen, Christian, Robinson, Sharon A., Robroek, Bjorn J. M., Rocha, Adrian V., Rossi, Christian, Rossi, Graziano, Roupsard, Olivier, Rubtsov, Alexey V., Saccone, Patrick, Sagot, Clotilde, Sallo Bravo, Jhonatan, Santos, Cinthya C., Sarneel, Judith M., Scharnweber, Tobias, Schmeddes, Jonas, Schmidt, Marius, Scholten, Thomas, Schuchardt, Max, Schwartz, Naomi, Scott, Tony, Seeber, Julia, Segalin de Andrade, Ana Cristina, Seipel, Tim, Semenchuk, Philipp, Senior, Rebecca A., Serra-Diaz, Josep M., Sewerniak, Piotr, Shekhar, Ankit, Sidenko, Nikita V., Siebicke, Lukas, Siegwart Collier, Laura, Simpson, Elizabeth, Siqueira, David P., Sitková, Zuzana, Six, Johan, Smiljanic, Marko, Smith, Stuart W., Smith-Tripp, Sarah, Somers, Ben, Sørensen, Mia Vedel, Souza, José João L. L., Souza, Bartolomeu Israel, Souza Dias, Arildo, Spasojevic, Marko J., Speed, James D. M., Spicher, Fabien, Stanisci, Angela, Steinbauer, Klaus, Steinbrecher, Rainer, Steinwandter, Michael, Stemkovski, Michael, Stephan, Jörg G., Stiegler, Christian, Stoll, Stefan, Svátek, Martin, Svoboda, Miroslav, Tagesson, Torbern, Tanentzap, Andrew J., Tanneberger, Franziska, Theurillat, Jean-Paul, Thomas, Haydn J. D., Thomas, Andrew D., Tielbörger, Katja, Tomaselli, Marcello, Treier, Urs Albert, Trouillier, Mario, Turtureanu, Pavel Dan, Tutton, Rosamond, Tyystjärvi, Vilna A., Ueyama, Masahito, Ujházy, Karol, Ujházyová, Mariana, Uogintas, Domas, Urban, Anastasiya V., Urban, Josef, Urbaniak, Marek, Ursu, Tudor-Mihai, Vaccari, Francesco Primo, Van de Vondel, Stijn, van den Brink, Liesbeth, Van Geel, Maarten, Vandvik, Vigdis, Vangansbeke, Pieter, Varlagin, Andrej, Veen, G. F., Veenendaal, Elmar, Venn, Susanna E., Verbeeck, Hans, Verbrugggen, Erik, Verheijen, Frank G. A., Villar Pérez, Luis, Vitale, Luca, Vittoz, Pascal, Vives-Ingla, Maria, Oppen, Jonathan von, Walz, Josefine, Wang, Runxi, Wang, Yifeng, Way, Robert G., Wedegärtner, Ronja E. M., Weigel, Robert, Wild, Jan, Wilkinson, Matthew, Wilmking, Martin, Wingate, Lisa, Winkler, Manuela, Wipf, Sonja, Wohlfahrt, Georg, Xenakis, Georgios, Yang, Yan, Yu, Zicheng, Yu, Kailiang, Zellweger, Florian, Zhang, Jian, Zhang, Zhaochen, Zhao, Peng, Ziemblińska, Klaudia, Zimmermann, Reiner, Zong, Shengwei, Zyryanov, Viacheslav I., Nijs, Ivan, Lenoir, Jonathan, Benito Alonso, José Luis [0000-0003-1086-8834], García González, María Begoña [0000-0003-4231-6006], Ogaya, Romá [0000-0003-4927-8479], Peñuelas, Josep [0000-0002-7215-0150], Hampe, Arndt [0000-0003-2551-9784], Hoffrén, Raúl [0000-0002-9123-304X], Poyatos, Rafael [0000-0003-0521-2523], Lembrechts, Jonas J., Hoogen, Johan van den, Aalto, Juha, Ashcroft, Michael B., De Frenne, Pieter, Kemppinen, Julia, Kopecký, Martin, Luoto, Miska, Maclean, Ilya M. D., Crowther, Thomas W., Bailey, Joseph J., Haesen, Stef, Klinges, David H., Niittynen, Pekka, Scheffers, Brett R., Meerbeek, Koenraad Van, Aartsma, Peter, Abdalaze, Otar, Abedi, Mehdi, Aerts, Rien, Ahmadian, Negar, Ahrends, Antje, Alatalo, Juha M., Alexander, Jake M., Allonsius, Camille Nina, Altman, Jan, Ammann, Christof, Andres, Christian, Andrews, Christopher, Ardö, Jonas, Arriga, Nicola, Arzac, Alberto, Aschero, Valeria, Assis, Rafael L., Assmann, Jakob Johann, Bader, Maaike Y., Bahalkeh, Khadijeh, Barančok, Peter, Barrio, Isabel C., Barros, Agustina, Barthel, Matti, Basham, Edmund W., Bauters, Marijn, Bazzichetto, Manuele, Marchesini, Luca Belelli, Bell, Michael C., Benavides, Juan C., Benito Alonso, José Luis, Berauer, Bernd J., Bjerke, Jarle W., Björk, Robert G., Björkman, Mats P., Björnsdóttir, Katrin, Blonder, Benjamin, Boeckx, Pascal, Boike, Julia, Bokhorst, Stef, Brum, Bárbara N. S., Brůna, Josef, Buchmann, Nina, Buysse, Pauline, Camargo, José Luís, Campoe, Otávio C., Candan, Onur, Canessa, Rafaella, Cannone, Nicoletta, Carbognani, Michele, Carnicer, Jofre, Casanova-Katny, Angélica, Cesarz, Simone, Chojnicki, Bogdan, Choler, Philippe, Chown, Steven L., Cifuentes, Edgar F., Čiliak, Marek, Contador, Tamara, Convey, Peter, Cooper, Elisabeth J., Cremonese, Edoardo, Curasi, Salvatore R., Curtis, Robin, Cutini, Maurizio, Dahlberg, C. Johan, Daskalova, Gergana N., Pablo, Miguel Ángel de, Della Chiesa, Stefano, Dengler, Jürgen, Deronde, Bart, Descombes, Patrice, Di Cecco, Valter, Di Musciano, Michele, Dick, Jan, Dimarco, Romina D., Dolezal, Jiri, Dorrepaal, Ellen, Dušek, Jiří, Eisenhauer, Nico, Eklundh, Lars, Erickson, Todd E., Erschbamer, Brigitta, Eugster, Werner, Ewers, Robert M., Exton, Dan A., Fanin, Nicolas, Fazlioglu, Fatih, Feigenwinter, Iris, Fenu, Giuseppe, Ferlian, Olga, Fernández Calzado, María Rosa, Fernández-Pascual, Eduardo, Finckh, Manfred, Finger Higgens, Rebecca, Forte, T'ai G. W., Freeman, Erika C., Frei, Esther R., Fuentes-Lillo, Eduardo, García, Rafael A., García González, María Begoña, Géron, Charly, Gharun, Mana, Ghosn, Dany, Gigauri, Khatuna, Gobin, Anne, Goded, Ignacio, Goeckede, Mathias, Gottschall, Felix, Goulding, Keith, Govaert, Sanne, Graae, Bente Jessen, Greenwood, Sarah, Greiser, Caroline, Grelle, Achim, Guénard, Benoit, Guglielmin, Mauro, Guillemot, Joannès, Haase, Peter, Haider, Sylvia, Halbritter, Aud H., Hamid, Maroof, Hammerle, Albin, Hampe, Arndt, Haugum, Siri V., Hederová, Lucia, Heinesch, Bernard, Helfter, Carole, Hepenstrick, Daniel, Herberich, Maximiliane, Herbst, Mathias, Hermanutz, Luise, Hik, David S., Hoffrén, Raúl, Homeier, Jürgen, Hörtnagl, Lukas, Høye, Toke T., Hrbacek, Filip, Hylander, Kristoffer, Iwata, Hiroki, Jackowicz-Korczynski, Marcin Antoni, Jactel, Hervé, Järveoja, Järvi, Jastrzębowski, Szymon, Jentsch, Anke, Jiménez, Juan J., Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg S., Jucker, Tommaso, Jump, Alistair S., Juszczak, Radoslaw, Kanka, Róbert, Kašpar, Vít, Kazakis, George, Kelly, Julia, Khuroo, Anzar A., Klemedtsson, Leif, Klisz, Marcin, Kljun, Natascha, Knohl, Alexander, Kobler, Johannes, Kollár, Jozef, Kotowska, Martyna M., Kovács, Bence, Kreyling, Juergen, Lamprecht, Andrea, Lang, Simone I., Larson, Christian, Larson, Keith, Laska, Kamil, Le Maire, Guerric, Leihy, Rachel I., Lens, Luc, Liljebladh, Bengt, Lohila, Annalea, Lorite, Juan, Loubet, Benjamin, Lynn, Joshua, Macek, Martin, Mackenzie, Roy, Magliulo, Enzo, Maier, Regine, Malfasi, Francesco, Máliš, František, Man, Matěj, Manca, Giovanni, Manco, Antonio, Manise, Tanguy, Manolaki, Paraskevi, Marciniak, Felipe, Matula, Radim, Mazzolari, Ana Clara, Medinets, Sergiy, Medinets, Volodymyr, Meeussen, Camille, Merinero, Sonia, Mesquita, Rita de Cássia Guimarães, Meusburger, Katrin, Meysman, Filip J. R., Michaletz, Sean T., Milbau, Ann, Moiseev, Dmitry, Moiseev, Pavel, Mondoni, Andrea, Monfries, Ruth, Montagnani, Leonardo, Moriana-Armendariz, Mikel, Morra di Cella, Umberto, Mörsdorf, Martin, Mosedale, Jonathan R., Muffler, Lena, Muñoz-Rojas, Miriam, Myers, Jonathan A., Myers-Smith, Isla H., Nagy, Laszlo, Nardino, Marianna, Naujokaitis-Lewis, Ilona, Newling, Emily, Nicklas, Lena, Niedrist, Georg, Niessner, Armin, Nilsson, Mats B., Normand, Signe, Nosetto, Marcelo D., Nouvellon, Yann, Nuñez, Martin A., Ogaya, Romá, Ogée, Jérôme, Okello, Joseph, Olejnik, Janusz, Olesen, Jørgen Eivind, Opedal, Øystein H., Orsenigo, Simone, Palaj, Andrej, Pampuch, Timo, Panov, Alexey V., Pärtel, Meelis, Pastor, Ada, Pauchard, Aníbal, Pauli, Harald, Pavelka, Marian, Pearse, William D., Peichl, Matthias, Pellissier, Loïc, Penczykowski, Rachel M., Peñuelas, Josep, Petit Bon, Matteo, Petraglia, Alessandro, Phartyal, Shyam S., Phoenix, Gareth K., Pio, Casimiro, Pitacco, Andrea, Pitteloud, Camille, Plichta, Roman, Porro, Francesco, Portillo-Estrada, Miguel, Poulenard, Jérôme, Poyatos, Rafael, Prokushkin, Anatoly S., Puchalka, Radoslaw, Pușcaș, Mihai, Radujković, Dajana, Randall, Krystal, Ratier Backes, Amanda, Remmele, Sabine, Remmers, Wolfram, Renault, David, Risch, Anita C., Rixen, Christian, Robinson, Sharon A., Robroek, Bjorn J. M., Rocha, Adrian V., Rossi, Christian, Rossi, Graziano, Roupsard, Olivier, Rubtsov, Alexey V., Saccone, Patrick, Sagot, Clotilde, Sallo Bravo, Jhonatan, Santos, Cinthya C., Sarneel, Judith M., Scharnweber, Tobias, Schmeddes, Jonas, Schmidt, Marius, Scholten, Thomas, Schuchardt, Max, Schwartz, Naomi, Scott, Tony, Seeber, Julia, Segalin de Andrade, Ana Cristina, Seipel, Tim, Semenchuk, Philipp, Senior, Rebecca A., Serra-Diaz, Josep M., Sewerniak, Piotr, Shekhar, Ankit, Sidenko, Nikita V., Siebicke, Lukas, Siegwart Collier, Laura, Simpson, Elizabeth, Siqueira, David P., Sitková, Zuzana, Six, Johan, Smiljanic, Marko, Smith, Stuart W., Smith-Tripp, Sarah, Somers, Ben, Sørensen, Mia Vedel, Souza, José João L. L., Souza, Bartolomeu Israel, Souza Dias, Arildo, Spasojevic, Marko J., Speed, James D. M., Spicher, Fabien, Stanisci, Angela, Steinbauer, Klaus, Steinbrecher, Rainer, Steinwandter, Michael, Stemkovski, Michael, Stephan, Jörg G., Stiegler, Christian, Stoll, Stefan, Svátek, Martin, Svoboda, Miroslav, Tagesson, Torbern, Tanentzap, Andrew J., Tanneberger, Franziska, Theurillat, Jean-Paul, Thomas, Haydn J. D., Thomas, Andrew D., Tielbörger, Katja, Tomaselli, Marcello, Treier, Urs Albert, Trouillier, Mario, Turtureanu, Pavel Dan, Tutton, Rosamond, Tyystjärvi, Vilna A., Ueyama, Masahito, Ujházy, Karol, Ujházyová, Mariana, Uogintas, Domas, Urban, Anastasiya V., Urban, Josef, Urbaniak, Marek, Ursu, Tudor-Mihai, Vaccari, Francesco Primo, Van de Vondel, Stijn, van den Brink, Liesbeth, Van Geel, Maarten, Vandvik, Vigdis, Vangansbeke, Pieter, Varlagin, Andrej, Veen, G. F., Veenendaal, Elmar, Venn, Susanna E., Verbeeck, Hans, Verbrugggen, Erik, Verheijen, Frank G. A., Villar Pérez, Luis, Vitale, Luca, Vittoz, Pascal, Vives-Ingla, Maria, Oppen, Jonathan von, Walz, Josefine, Wang, Runxi, Wang, Yifeng, Way, Robert G., Wedegärtner, Ronja E. M., Weigel, Robert, Wild, Jan, Wilkinson, Matthew, Wilmking, Martin, Wingate, Lisa, Winkler, Manuela, Wipf, Sonja, Wohlfahrt, Georg, Xenakis, Georgios, Yang, Yan, Yu, Zicheng, Yu, Kailiang, Zellweger, Florian, Zhang, Jian, Zhang, Zhaochen, Zhao, Peng, Ziemblińska, Klaudia, Zimmermann, Reiner, Zong, Shengwei, Zyryanov, Viacheslav I., Nijs, Ivan, and Lenoir, Jonathan

Abstract

Research in global change ecology relies heavily on global climatic grids derived from estimates of air temperature in open areas at around 2 m above the ground. These climatic grids do not reflect conditions below vegetation canopies and near the ground surface, where critical ecosystem functions occur and most terrestrial species reside. Here, we provide global maps of soil temperature and bioclimatic variables at a 1-km2 resolution for 0-5 and 5-15 cm soil depth. These maps were created by calculating the difference (i.e. offset) between in situ soil temperature measurements, based on time series from over 1200 1-km2 pixels (summarized from 8519 unique temperature sensors) across all the world's major terrestrial biomes, and coarse-grained air temperature estimates from ERA5-Land (an atmospheric reanalysis by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts). We show that mean annual soil temperature differs markedly from the corresponding gridded air temperature, by up to 10°C (mean = 3.0 ± 2.1°C), with substantial variation across biomes and seasons. Over the year, soils in cold and/or dry biomes are substantially warmer (+3.6 ± 2.3°C) than gridded air temperature, whereas soils in warm and humid environments are on average slightly cooler (-0.7 ± 2.3°C). The observed substantial and biome-specific offsets emphasize that the projected impacts of climate and climate change on near-surface biodiversity and ecosystem functioning are inaccurately assessed when air rather than soil temperature is used, especially in cold environments. The global soil-related bioclimatic variables provided here are an important step forward for any application in ecology and related disciplines. Nevertheless, we highlight the need to fill remaining geographic gaps by collecting more in situ measurements of microclimate conditions to further enhance the spatiotemporal resolution of global soil temperature products for ecological applications.

Published
2022

10. An earlier start of the thermal growing season enhances tree growth in cold humid areas but not in dry areas

Author

Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, National Natural Science Foundation of China, China Postdoctoral Science Foundation, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Fundación Ramón Areces, Generalitat de Catalunya, Rossi, Sergio [0000-0003-4402-3418], Peñuelas, Josep [0000-0002-7215-0150], Camarero, Jesús Julio [0000-0003-2436-2922], Gao, Shan, Liang, Eryuan, Liu, Ruishun, Babst, Flurin, Camarero, Jesús Julio, Fu, Yongshuo H., Piao, Shilong, Rossi, Sergio, Shen, Miaogen, Wang, Tao, Peñuelas, Josep, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, National Natural Science Foundation of China, China Postdoctoral Science Foundation, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Fundación Ramón Areces, Generalitat de Catalunya, Rossi, Sergio [0000-0003-4402-3418], Peñuelas, Josep [0000-0002-7215-0150], Camarero, Jesús Julio [0000-0003-2436-2922], Gao, Shan, Liang, Eryuan, Liu, Ruishun, Babst, Flurin, Camarero, Jesús Julio, Fu, Yongshuo H., Piao, Shilong, Rossi, Sergio, Shen, Miaogen, Wang, Tao, and Peñuelas, Josep

Abstract

Climatic warming alters the onset, duration and cessation of the vegetative season. While previous studies have shown a tight link between thermal conditions and leaf phenology, less is known about the impacts of phenological changes on tree growth. Here, we assessed the relationships between the start of the thermal growing season and tree growth across the extratropical Northern Hemisphere using 3,451 tree-ring chronologies and daily climatic data for 1948–2014. An earlier start of the thermal growing season promoted growth in regions with high ratios of precipitation to temperature but limited growth in cold–dry regions. Path analyses indicated that an earlier start of the thermal growing season enhanced growth primarily by alleviating thermal limitations on wood formation in boreal forests and by lengthening the period of growth in temperate and Mediterranean forests. Semi-arid and dry subalpine forests, however, did not benefit from an earlier onset of growth and a longer growing season, presumably due to associated water loss and/or more frequent early spring frosts. These emergent patterns of how climatic impacts on wood phenology affect tree growth at regional to hemispheric scales hint at how future phenological changes may affect the carbon sequestration capacity of extratropical forest ecosystems.

Published
2022

11. Root traits explain plant species distributions along climatic gradients yet challenge the nature of ecological trade-offs

Author

German Research Foundation, Biological and Environmental Research (US), University of Göttingen, Laughlin, Daniel C. [0000-0002-9651-5732], Mommer, Liesje [0000-0002-3775-0716], Sabatini, Francesco Maria [0000-0002-7202-7697], Bruelheide, Helge [0000-0003-3135-0356], Kuyper, Thom W. [0000-0002-3896-4943], McCormack, M. Luke [0000-0002-8300-5215], Bergmann, Joana [0000-0002-2008-4198], Freschet, Grégoire T. [0000-0002-8830-3860], Guerrero-Ramírez, Nathaly R. [0000-0001-7311-9852], Iversen, Colleen M. [0000-0001-8293-3450], Kattge, Jens [0000-0002-1022-8469], Meier, Ina C. [0000-0001-6500-7519], Poorter, Hendrik [0000-0001-9900-2433], Roumet, Catherine [0000-0003-1320-9770], Semchenko, Marina [0000-0001-6196-3562], Valverde-Barrantes, Oscar J. [0000-0002-7327-7647], van der Plas, Fons [0000-0003-4680-543X], van Ruijven, Jasper [0000-0003-0003-2363], York, Larry M. [0000-0002-1995-9479], Aubin, Isabelle [0000-0002-5953-1012], Burge, Olivia R. [0000-0001-7719-6695], Byun, Chaeho [0000-0003-3209-3275], Ćušterevska, Renata [0000-0002-3849-6983], Dengler, Jürgen [0000-0003-3221-660X], Forey, Estelle [0000-0001-6082-3023], Guerin, Greg R. [0000-0002-2104-6695], Hérault, Bruno [0000-0002-6950-7286], Jackson, Robert B. [0000-0001-8846-7147], Karger, Dirk Nikolaus [0000-0001-7770-6229], Lenoir, Jonathan [0000-0003-0638-9582], Lysenko, Tatiana [0000-0001-6688-1590], Meir, Patrick [0000-0002-2362-0398], Niinemets, Ülo [0000-0002-3078-2192], Ozinga, Wim A. [0000-0002-6369-7859], Peñuelas, Josep [0000-0002-7215-0150], Reich, Peter B. [0000-0003-4424-662X], Schmidt, Marco [0000-0001-6087-6117], Schrodt, Franziska [0000-0001-9053-8872], Weigelt, Alexandra [0000-0001-6242-603X], Laughlin, Daniel C, Mommer, Liesje, Sabatini, Francesco Maria, Bruelheide, Helge, Kuyper, Thom W., McCormack, M Luke, Bergmann, Joana, Freschet, Grégoire T, Guerrero-Ramírez, Nathaly R., Iversen, Colleen M., Kattge, Jens, Meier, Ina C., Poorter, Hendrik, Roumet, Catherine, Semchenko, Marina, Sweeney, Christopher J., Valverde-Barrantes, Oscar J., van der Plas, Fons, van Ruijven, Jasper, York, Larry M., Aubin, Isabelle, Burge, Olivia R., Byun, Chaeho, Ćušterevska, Renata, Dengler, Jürgen, Forey, Estelle, Guerin, Greg R., Hérault, Bruno, Jackson, Robert B., Karger, Dirk Nikolaus, Lenoir, Jonathan, Lysenko, Tatiana, Meir, Patrick, Niinemets, Ülo, Ozinga, Wim A., Peñuelas, Josep, Reich, Peter B., Schmidt, Marco, Schrodt, Franziska, Velázquez, Eduardo, Weigelt, Alexandra, German Research Foundation, Biological and Environmental Research (US), University of Göttingen, Laughlin, Daniel C. [0000-0002-9651-5732], Mommer, Liesje [0000-0002-3775-0716], Sabatini, Francesco Maria [0000-0002-7202-7697], Bruelheide, Helge [0000-0003-3135-0356], Kuyper, Thom W. [0000-0002-3896-4943], McCormack, M. Luke [0000-0002-8300-5215], Bergmann, Joana [0000-0002-2008-4198], Freschet, Grégoire T. [0000-0002-8830-3860], Guerrero-Ramírez, Nathaly R. [0000-0001-7311-9852], Iversen, Colleen M. [0000-0001-8293-3450], Kattge, Jens [0000-0002-1022-8469], Meier, Ina C. [0000-0001-6500-7519], Poorter, Hendrik [0000-0001-9900-2433], Roumet, Catherine [0000-0003-1320-9770], Semchenko, Marina [0000-0001-6196-3562], Valverde-Barrantes, Oscar J. [0000-0002-7327-7647], van der Plas, Fons [0000-0003-4680-543X], van Ruijven, Jasper [0000-0003-0003-2363], York, Larry M. [0000-0002-1995-9479], Aubin, Isabelle [0000-0002-5953-1012], Burge, Olivia R. [0000-0001-7719-6695], Byun, Chaeho [0000-0003-3209-3275], Ćušterevska, Renata [0000-0002-3849-6983], Dengler, Jürgen [0000-0003-3221-660X], Forey, Estelle [0000-0001-6082-3023], Guerin, Greg R. [0000-0002-2104-6695], Hérault, Bruno [0000-0002-6950-7286], Jackson, Robert B. [0000-0001-8846-7147], Karger, Dirk Nikolaus [0000-0001-7770-6229], Lenoir, Jonathan [0000-0003-0638-9582], Lysenko, Tatiana [0000-0001-6688-1590], Meir, Patrick [0000-0002-2362-0398], Niinemets, Ülo [0000-0002-3078-2192], Ozinga, Wim A. [0000-0002-6369-7859], Peñuelas, Josep [0000-0002-7215-0150], Reich, Peter B. [0000-0003-4424-662X], Schmidt, Marco [0000-0001-6087-6117], Schrodt, Franziska [0000-0001-9053-8872], Weigelt, Alexandra [0000-0001-6242-603X], Laughlin, Daniel C, Mommer, Liesje, Sabatini, Francesco Maria, Bruelheide, Helge, Kuyper, Thom W., McCormack, M Luke, Bergmann, Joana, Freschet, Grégoire T, Guerrero-Ramírez, Nathaly R., Iversen, Colleen M., Kattge, Jens, Meier, Ina C., Poorter, Hendrik, Roumet, Catherine, Semchenko, Marina, Sweeney, Christopher J., Valverde-Barrantes, Oscar J., van der Plas, Fons, van Ruijven, Jasper, York, Larry M., Aubin, Isabelle, Burge, Olivia R., Byun, Chaeho, Ćušterevska, Renata, Dengler, Jürgen, Forey, Estelle, Guerin, Greg R., Hérault, Bruno, Jackson, Robert B., Karger, Dirk Nikolaus, Lenoir, Jonathan, Lysenko, Tatiana, Meir, Patrick, Niinemets, Ülo, Ozinga, Wim A., Peñuelas, Josep, Reich, Peter B., Schmidt, Marco, Schrodt, Franziska, Velázquez, Eduardo, and Weigelt, Alexandra

Abstract

Ecological theory is built on trade-offs, where trait differences among species evolved as adaptations to different environments. Trade-offs are often assumed to be bidirectional, where opposite ends of a gradient in trait values confer advantages in different environments. However, unidirectional benefits could be widespread if extreme trait values confer advantages at one end of an environmental gradient, whereas a wide range of trait values are equally beneficial at the other end. Here, we show that root traits explain species occurrences along broad gradients of temperature and water availability, but model predictions only resembled trade-offs in two out of 24 models. Forest species with low specific root length and high root tissue density (RTD) were more likely to occur in warm climates but species with high specific root length and low RTD were more likely to occur in cold climates. Unidirectional benefits were more prevalent than trade-offs: for example, species with large-diameter roots and high RTD were more commonly associated with dry climates, but species with the opposite trait values were not associated with wet climates. Directional selection for traits consistently occurred in cold or dry climates, whereas a diversity of root trait values were equally viable in warm or wet climates. Explicit integration of unidirectional benefits into ecological theory is needed to advance our understanding of the consequences of trait variation on species responses to environmental change.

Published
2021

12. How Nitrogen and Phosphorus Availability Change Water Use Efficiency in a Mediterranean Savanna Ecosystem

Author

Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), German Centre for Air and Space Travel, Junta de Extremadura, El-Madany, Tarek S. [0000-0002-0726-7141], Reichstein, Markus [0000-0001-5736-1112], Carrara, Arnaud [0000-0002-9095-8807], Martín, M. Pilar [0000-0002-5563-8461], Moreno, Gerardo [0000-0001-8053-2696], González-Cascón, Rosario [0000-0003-3468-0967], Peñuelas, Josep [0000-0002-7215-0150], Ellsworth, David S.[0000-0002-9699-2272], Burchard-Levine, Vicente [0000-0003-0222-8706], Knauer, Jürgen [0000-0002-4947-7067], Kolle, Olaf [0000-0002-7373-7519], Pacheco-Labrador, Javier [0000-0003-3401-7081], Nelson, Jacob A. [0000-0002-4663-2420], Perez-Priego, Oscar [0000-0002-3138-3177], Rolo, Victor [0000-0001-5854-9512], Wutzler, Thomas [0000-0003-4159-5445], Migliavacca, Mirco [0000-0003-3546-8407], El-Madany, Tarek S., Reichstein, Markus, Carrara, Arnaud, Martin, M. Pilar, Moreno, Gerardo, González-Cascón, Rosario, Peñuelas, Josep, Ellsworth, David S., Burchard-Levine, Vicente, Hammer, Tiana W., Knauer, Jürgen, Kolle, Olaf, Luo, Yunpeng, Pacheco-Labrador, Javier, Nelson, Jacob A., Pérez-Priego, Óscar, Rolo, Victor, Wutzler, Thomas, Migliavacca, Mirco, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), German Centre for Air and Space Travel, Junta de Extremadura, El-Madany, Tarek S. [0000-0002-0726-7141], Reichstein, Markus [0000-0001-5736-1112], Carrara, Arnaud [0000-0002-9095-8807], Martín, M. Pilar [0000-0002-5563-8461], Moreno, Gerardo [0000-0001-8053-2696], González-Cascón, Rosario [0000-0003-3468-0967], Peñuelas, Josep [0000-0002-7215-0150], Ellsworth, David S.[0000-0002-9699-2272], Burchard-Levine, Vicente [0000-0003-0222-8706], Knauer, Jürgen [0000-0002-4947-7067], Kolle, Olaf [0000-0002-7373-7519], Pacheco-Labrador, Javier [0000-0003-3401-7081], Nelson, Jacob A. [0000-0002-4663-2420], Perez-Priego, Oscar [0000-0002-3138-3177], Rolo, Victor [0000-0001-5854-9512], Wutzler, Thomas [0000-0003-4159-5445], Migliavacca, Mirco [0000-0003-3546-8407], El-Madany, Tarek S., Reichstein, Markus, Carrara, Arnaud, Martin, M. Pilar, Moreno, Gerardo, González-Cascón, Rosario, Peñuelas, Josep, Ellsworth, David S., Burchard-Levine, Vicente, Hammer, Tiana W., Knauer, Jürgen, Kolle, Olaf, Luo, Yunpeng, Pacheco-Labrador, Javier, Nelson, Jacob A., Pérez-Priego, Óscar, Rolo, Victor, Wutzler, Thomas, and Migliavacca, Mirco

Abstract

Nutrient availability, especially of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), is of major importance for every organism and at a larger scale for ecosystem functioning and productivity. Changes in nutrient availability and potential stoichiometric imbalance due to anthropogenic nitrogen deposition might lead to nutrient deficiency or alter ecosystem functioning in various ways. In this study, we present 6 years (2014–2020) of flux-, plant-, and remote sensing data from a large-scale nutrient manipulation experiment conducted in a Mediterranean savanna-type ecosystem with an emphasis on the effects of N and P treatments on ecosystem-scale water-use efficiency (WUE) and related mechanisms. Two plots were fertilized with N (NT, 16.9 Ha) and N + P (NPT, 21.5 Ha), and a third unfertilized plot served as a control (CT). Fertilization had a strong impact on leaf nutrient stoichiometry only within the herbaceous layer with increased leaf N in both fertilized treatments and increased leaf P in NPT. Following fertilization, WUE in NT and NPT increased during the peak of growing season. While gross primary productivity similarly increased in NT and NPT, transpiration and surface conductance increased more in NT than in NPT. The results show that the NPT plot with higher nutrient availability, but more balanced N:P leaf stoichiometry had the highest WUE. On average, higher N availability resulted in a 40% increased leaf area index (LAI) in both fertilized treatments in the spring. Increased LAI reduced aerodynamic conductance and thus evaporation at both fertilized plots in the spring. Despite reduced evaporation, annual evapotranspiration increased by 10% (48.6 ± 28.3 kg H2O m−2), in the NT plot, while NPT remained similar to CT (−1%, −6.7 ± 12.2 kgH2O m−2). Potential causes for increased transpiration at NT could be increased root biomass and thus higher water uptake or rhizosphere priming to increase P-mobilization through microbes. The annual net ecosystem exchange shifted from a c

Published
2021

13. Predicting the effect of confinement on the COVID-19 spread using machine learning enriched with satellite air pollution observations

Author

National Natural Science Foundation of China, Fudan University, Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), Generalitat de Catalunya, European Space Agency, Xing, Xiaofan [0000-0002-0334-6408], Wang, Rong [0000-0003-1962-0165], Wang, Weibing [0000-0002-4497-5251], Peñuelas, Josep [0000-0002-7215-0150], Ciais, Philippe [0000-0001-8560-4943], Bauer, Nico [0000-0002-0211-4162], Morawska, Lidia [0000-0002-0594-9683], Sardans, Jordi [0000-0003-2478-0219], Wang, Lin [0000-0002-4905-3432], Chen, Jianmin [0000-0001-5859-3070], Zhang, Renhe [0000-0001-7750-8679], Xing, Xiaofan, Xiong, Yuankang, Yang, Ruipu, Wang, Rong, Wang, Weibing, Kan, Haidong, Lu, Tun, Li, Dongsheng, Cao, Junji, Peñuelas, Josep, Ciais, Philippe, Bauer, Nico, Bouriaud, Olivier, Balkanski, Yves, Hauglustaine, Didier, Brasseur, Guy, Morawska, Lidia, Janssens, Ivan A., Wang, Xiangrong, Sardans, Jordi, Wang, Yijing, Deng, Yifei, Wang, Lin, Chen, Jianmin, Tang, Xu, Zhang, Renhe, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Fudan University, Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), Generalitat de Catalunya, European Space Agency, Xing, Xiaofan [0000-0002-0334-6408], Wang, Rong [0000-0003-1962-0165], Wang, Weibing [0000-0002-4497-5251], Peñuelas, Josep [0000-0002-7215-0150], Ciais, Philippe [0000-0001-8560-4943], Bauer, Nico [0000-0002-0211-4162], Morawska, Lidia [0000-0002-0594-9683], Sardans, Jordi [0000-0003-2478-0219], Wang, Lin [0000-0002-4905-3432], Chen, Jianmin [0000-0001-5859-3070], Zhang, Renhe [0000-0001-7750-8679], Xing, Xiaofan, Xiong, Yuankang, Yang, Ruipu, Wang, Rong, Wang, Weibing, Kan, Haidong, Lu, Tun, Li, Dongsheng, Cao, Junji, Peñuelas, Josep, Ciais, Philippe, Bauer, Nico, Bouriaud, Olivier, Balkanski, Yves, Hauglustaine, Didier, Brasseur, Guy, Morawska, Lidia, Janssens, Ivan A., Wang, Xiangrong, Sardans, Jordi, Wang, Yijing, Deng, Yifei, Wang, Lin, Chen, Jianmin, Tang, Xu, and Zhang, Renhe

Abstract

The real-time monitoring of reductions of economic activity by containment measures and its effect on the transmission of the coronavirus (COVID-19) is a critical unanswered question. We inferred 5,642 weekly activity anomalies from the meteorology-adjusted differences in spaceborne tropospheric NO2 column concentrations after the 2020 COVID-19 outbreak relative to the baseline from 2016 to 2019. Two satellite observations reveal reincreasing economic activity associated with lifting control measures that comes together with accelerating COVID-19 cases before the winter of 2020/2021. Application of the near-real-time satellite NO2 observations produces a much better prediction of the deceleration of COVID-19 cases than applying the Oxford Government Response Tracker, the Public Health and Social Measures, or human mobility data as alternative predictors. A convergent cross-mapping suggests that economic activity reduction inferred from NO2 is a driver of case deceleration in most of the territories. This effect, however, is not linear, while further activity reductions were associated with weaker deceleration. Over the winter of 2020/2021, nearly 1 million daily COVID-19 cases could have been avoided by optimizing the timing and strength of activity reduction relative to a scenario based on the real distribution. Our study shows how satellite observations can provide surrogate data for activity reduction during the COVID-19 pandemic and monitor the effectiveness of containment to the pandemic before vaccines become widely available.

Published
2021

14. Predicting the effect of confinement on the COVID-19 spread using machine learning enriched with satellite air pollution observations

Author

Xu Tang, Jianmin Chen, Tun Lu, Haidong Kan, Philippe Ciais, Renhe Zhang, Ivan A. Janssens, Rong Wang, Jordi Sardans, Lin Wang, Xiaofan Xing, Josep Peñuelas, Xiangrong Wang, Didier A. Hauglustaine, Ruipu Yang, Yves Balkanski, Yijing Wang, Weibing Wang, Lidia Morawska, Guy Brasseur, Junji Cao, Yuankang Xiong, Nico Bauer, Dongsheng Li, Yifei Deng, Olivier Boucher, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Fudan University [Shanghai], Microsoft Research Asia, Institute of Atmospheric Physics [Beijing] (IAP), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), CREAF - Centre for Ecological Research and Applied Forestries, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), University of Antwerp (UA), Max Planck Institute for Meteorology (MPI-M), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health [Brisbane], Queensland University of Technology [Brisbane] (QUT), ANR-15-CE04-0005, European Space Agency, ESA: 725546, ESRIN/4000123002/18/I-NB, National Natural Science Foundation of China, NSFC: 18107, 41877506, Generalitat de Catalunya: AGAUR-2020PANDE00117, ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. We thank H. J. Yu for important comments and J. H. Pan for help in compiling the epidemiological data. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41877506), the Fudan’s Wangdao Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program (18107), the Chinese Thousand Youth Talents Program, the PolEASIA-ANR project (ANR-15-CE04-0005), and the Australia-China Centre for Air Quality Science and Management. J.P. and J.S. acknowledge financial support from the Catalan Government grant AGAUR-2020PANDE00117. P.C. acknowledges support from the European Space Agency Climate Change Initiative ESA-CCI RECCAP2 project (ESRIN/4000123002/18/I-NB) and the Observation-based system for monitoring and verification of greenhouse gases project (VERIFY, grant 725546)., Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Natural Science Foundation of China, Fudan University, Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), Generalitat de Catalunya, European Space Agency, Xing, Xiaofan [0000-0002-0334-6408], Wang, Rong [0000-0003-1962-0165], Wang, Weibing [0000-0002-4497-5251], Peñuelas, Josep [0000-0002-7215-0150], Ciais, Philippe [0000-0001-8560-4943], Bauer, Nico [0000-0002-0211-4162], Morawska, Lidia [0000-0002-0594-9683], Sardans, Jordi [0000-0003-2478-0219], Wang, Lin [0000-0002-4905-3432], Chen, Jianmin [0000-0001-5859-3070], Zhang, Renhe [0000-0001-7750-8679], Xing, Xiaofan, Wang, Rong, Wang, Weibing, Peñuelas, Josep, Ciais, Philippe, Bauer, Nico, Morawska, Lidia, Sardans, Jordi, Wang, Lin, Chen, Jianmin, and Zhang, Renhe

Subjects
China, 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Air pollution, Satellite observation, Pandemic management, medicine.disease_cause, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Surrogate data, Troposphere, 03 medical and health sciences, Machine learning, medicine, Humans, Baseline (configuration management), Biology, 030304 developmental biology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, Scenario based, COVID-19, 3. Good health, Socioeconomic Factors, 13. Climate action, Climatology, Physical Sciences, Environmental science, Satellite, Engineering sciences. Technology
Abstract

The real-time monitoring of reductions of economic activity by containment measures and its effect on the transmission of the coronavirus (COVID-19) is a critical unanswered question. We inferred 5,642 weekly activity anomalies from the meteorology-adjusted differences in spaceborne tropospheric NO2 column concentrations after the 2020 COVID-19 outbreak relative to the baseline from 2016 to 2019. Two satellite observations reveal reincreasing economic activity associated with lifting control measures that comes together with accelerating COVID-19 cases before the winter of 2020/2021. Application of the near-real-time satellite NO2 observations produces a much better prediction of the deceleration of COVID-19 cases than applying the Oxford Government Response Tracker, the Public Health and Social Measures, or human mobility data as alternative predictors. A convergent cross-mapping suggests that economic activity reduction inferred from NO2 is a driver of case deceleration in most of the territories. This effect, however, is not linear, while further activity reductions were associated with weaker deceleration. Over the winter of 2020/2021, nearly 1 million daily COVID-19 cases could have been avoided by optimizing the timing and strength of activity reduction relative to a scenario based on the real distribution. Our study shows how satellite observations can provide surrogate data for activity reduction during the COVID-19 pandemic and monitor the effectiveness of containment to the pandemic before vaccines become widely available., This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41877506), the Fudan’s Wangdao Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program (18107), the Chinese Thousand Youth Talents Program, the PolEASIA-ANR project (ANR15-CE04-0005), and the Australia-China Centre for Air Quality Science and Management. J.P. and J.S. acknowledge financial support from the Catalan Government grant AGAUR-2020PANDE00117. P.C. acknowledges support from the European Space Agency Climate Change Initiative ESA-CCI RECCAP2 project (ESRIN/4000123002/18/I-NB) and the Observation-based system for monitoring and verification of greenhouse gases project (VERIFY, grant 725546).

Published
2021

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