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1. The global burden of adolescent and young adult cancer in 2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author: Collaborators, GBD 2019 Adolescent Young Adult Cancer, Alvarez, Elysia M, Force, Lisa M, Xu, Rixing, Compton, Kelly, Lu, Dan, Henrikson, Hannah Jacqueline, Kocarnik, Jonathan M, Harvey, James D, Pennini, Alyssa, Dean, Frances E, Fu, Weijia, Vargas, Martina T, Keegan, Theresa HM, Ariffin, Hany, Barr, Ronald D, Erdomaeva, Yana Arturovna, Gunasekera, D Sanjeeva, John-Akinola, Yetunde O, Ketterl, Tyler G, Kutluk, Tezer, Malogolowkin, Marcio Henrique, Mathur, Prashant, Radhakrishnan, Venkatraman, Ries, Lynn Ann Gloeckler, Rodriguez-Galindo, Carlos, Sagoyan, Garik Barisovich, Sultan, Iyad, Abbasi, Behzad, Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen, Abbasi-Kangevari, Zeinab, Abbastabar, Hedayat, Abdelmasseh, Michael, Abd-Elsalam, Sherief, Abdoli, Amir, Abebe, Haimanot, Abedi, Aidin, Abidi, Hassan, Abolhassani, Hassan, Ali, Hiwa Abubaker, Abu-Gharbieh, Eman, Achappa, Basavaprabhu, Acuna, Juan Manuel, Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi, Adegboye, Oyelola A, Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah, Advani, Shailesh M, Afzal, Muhammad Sohail, Meybodi, Mohamad Aghaie, Ahadinezhad, Bahman, Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku, Ahmad, Sajjad, Ahmadi, Sepideh, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Rashid, Tarik Ahmed, Salih, Yusra Ahmed, Aiman, Wajeeha, Akalu, Gizachew Taddesse, Al Hamad, Hanadi, Alahdab, Fares, AlAmodi, Abdulhadi A, Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour, Alanzi, Turki M, Alem, Adugnaw Zeleke, Alem, Dejene Tsegaye, Alemayehu, Yosef, Alhalaiqa, Fadwa Naji, Alhassan, Robert Kaba, Ali, Saqib, Alicandro, Gianfranco, Alipour, Vahid, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, Alkhayyat, Motasem, Alluri, Sunitha, Almasri, Nihad A, Al-Maweri, Sadeq Ali, Almustanyir, Sami, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena, Amini, Saeed, Amu, Hubert, Ancuceanu, Robert, Andrei, Catalina Liliana, Andrei, Tudorel, Ansari, Fereshteh, Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza, Anvari, Davood, Anyasodor, Anayochukwu Edward, Arabloo, Jalal, Arab-Zozani, Morteza, Argaw, Ayele Mamo, Arshad, Muhammad, Arulappan, Judie, Aryannejad, Armin, Asemi, Zatollah, Jafarabadi, Mohammad Asghari, Atashzar, Mohammad Reza, Atorkey, and Atreya, Alok
Subjects: Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Oncology and Carcinogenesis, Rare Diseases, Cancer, Pediatric, Burden of Illness, Prevention, 2.4 Surveillance and distribution, Good Health and Well Being, Adolescent, Adult, Cause of Death, Disability-Adjusted Life Years, Female, Global Burden of Disease, Global Health, Humans, Incidence, Life Expectancy, Male, Mortality, Neoplasms, Prevalence, Risk Factors, Socioeconomic Factors, Young Adult, GBD 2019 Adolescent Young Adult Cancer Collaborators, Oncology & Carcinogenesis, Oncology and carcinogenesis
Abstract: BackgroundIn estimating the global burden of cancer, adolescents and young adults with cancer are often overlooked, despite being a distinct subgroup with unique epidemiology, clinical care needs, and societal impact. Comprehensive estimates of the global cancer burden in adolescents and young adults (aged 15-39 years) are lacking. To address this gap, we analysed results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019, with a focus on the outcome of disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), to inform global cancer control measures in adolescents and young adults.MethodsUsing the GBD 2019 methodology, international mortality data were collected from vital registration systems, verbal autopsies, and population-based cancer registry inputs modelled with mortality-to-incidence ratios (MIRs). Incidence was computed with mortality estimates and corresponding MIRs. Prevalence estimates were calculated using modelled survival and multiplied by disability weights to obtain years lived with disability (YLDs). Years of life lost (YLLs) were calculated as age-specific cancer deaths multiplied by the standard life expectancy at the age of death. The main outcome was DALYs (the sum of YLLs and YLDs). Estimates were presented globally and by Socio-demographic Index (SDI) quintiles (countries ranked and divided into five equal SDI groups), and all estimates were presented with corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). For this analysis, we used the age range of 15-39 years to define adolescents and young adults.FindingsThere were 1·19 million (95% UI 1·11-1·28) incident cancer cases and 396 000 (370 000-425 000) deaths due to cancer among people aged 15-39 years worldwide in 2019. The highest age-standardised incidence rates occurred in high SDI (59·6 [54·5-65·7] per 100 000 person-years) and high-middle SDI countries (53·2 [48·8-57·9] per 100 000 person-years), while the highest age-standardised mortality rates were in low-middle SDI (14·2 [12·9-15·6] per 100 000 person-years) and middle SDI (13·6 [12·6-14·8] per 100 000 person-years) countries. In 2019, adolescent and young adult cancers contributed 23·5 million (21·9-25·2) DALYs to the global burden of disease, of which 2·7% (1·9-3·6) came from YLDs and 97·3% (96·4-98·1) from YLLs. Cancer was the fourth leading cause of death and tenth leading cause of DALYs in adolescents and young adults globally.InterpretationAdolescent and young adult cancers contributed substantially to the overall adolescent and young adult disease burden globally in 2019. These results provide new insights into the distribution and magnitude of the adolescent and young adult cancer burden around the world. With notable differences observed across SDI settings, these estimates can inform global and country-level cancer control efforts.FundingBill & Melinda Gates Foundation, American Lebanese Syrian Associated Charities, St Baldrick's Foundation, and the National Cancer Institute.
Published: 2022

2. The global burden of adolescent and young adult cancer in 2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author: Alvarez, Elysia M, Force, Lisa M, Xu, Rixing, Compton, Kelly, Lu, Dan, Henrikson, Hannah Jacqueline, Kocarnik, Jonathan M, Harvey, James D, Pennini, Alyssa, Dean, Frances E, Fu, Weijia, Vargas, Martina T, Keegan, Theresa H M, Ariffin, Hany, Barr, Ronald D, Erdomaeva, Yana Arturovna, Gunasekera, D Sanjeeva, John-Akinola, Yetunde O, Ketterl, Tyler G, Kutluk, Tezer, Malogolowkin, Marcio Henrique, Mathur, Prashant, Radhakrishnan, Venkatraman, Ries, Lynn Ann Gloeckler, Rodriguez-Galindo, Carlos, Sagoyan, Garik Barisovich, Sultan, Iyad, Abbasi, Behzad, Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen, Abbasi-Kangevari, Zeinab, Abbastabar, Hedayat, Abdelmasseh, Michael, Abd-Elsalam, Sherief, Abdoli, Amir, Abebe, Haimanot, Abedi, Aidin, Abidi, Hassan, Abolhassani, Hassan, Abubaker Ali, Hiwa, Abu-Gharbieh, Eman, Achappa, Basavaprabhu, Acuna, Juan Manuel, Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi, Adegboye, Oyelola A, Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah, Advani, Shailesh M, Afzal, Muhammad Sohail, Aghaie Meybodi, Mohamad, Ahadinezhad, Bahman, Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku, Ahmad, Sajjad, Ahmadi, Sepideh, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Ahmed Rashid, Tarik, Ahmed Salih, Yusra, Aiman, Wajeeha, Akalu, Gizachew Taddesse, Al Hamad, Hanadi, Alahdab, Fares, AlAmodi, Abdulhadi A, Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour, Alanzi, Turki M, Alem, Adugnaw Zeleke, Alem, Dejene Tsegaye, Alemayehu, Yosef, Alhalaiqa, Fadwa Naji, Alhassan, Robert Kaba, Ali, Saqib, Alicandro, Gianfranco, Alipour, Vahid, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, Alkhayyat, Motasem, Alluri, Sunitha, Almasri, Nihad A, Al-Maweri, Sadeq Ali, Almustanyir, Sami, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena, Amini, Saeed, Amu, Hubert, Ancuceanu, Robert, Andrei, Catalina Liliana, Andrei, Tudorel, Ansari, Fereshteh, Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza, Anvari, Davood, Anyasodor, Anayochukwu Edward, Arabloo, Jalal, Arab-Zozani, Morteza, Argaw, Ayele Mamo, Arshad, Muhammad, Arulappan, Judie, Aryannejad, Armin, Asemi, Zatollah, Asghari Jafarabadi, Mohammad, Atashzar, Mohammad Reza, Atorkey, Prince, Atreya, Alok, Attia, Sameh, Aujayeb, Avinash, Ausloos, Marcel, Avila-Burgos, Leticia, Awedew, Atalel Fentahun, Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina, Ayele, Alemu Degu, Ayen, Solomon Shitu, Azab, Mohammed A, Azadnajafabad, Sina, Azami, Hiva, Azangou-Khyavy, Mohammadreza, Azari Jafari, Amirhossein, Azarian, Ghasem, Azzam, Ahmed Y, Bahadory, Saeed, Bai, Jianjun, Baig, Atif Amin, Baker, Jennifer L, Banach, Maciej, Bärnighausen, Till Winfried, Barone-Adesi, Francesco, Barra, Fabio, Barrow, Amadou, Basaleem, Huda, Batiha, Abdul-Monim Mohammad, Behzadifar, Masoud, Bekele, Niguss Cherie, Belete, Rebuma, Belgaumi, Uzma Iqbal, Bell, Arielle Wilder, Berhie, Alemshet Yirga, Bhagat, Devidas S, Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth, Bhardwaj, Nikha, Bhardwaj, Pankaj, Bhaskar, Sonu, Bhattacharyya, Krittika, Bhojaraja, Vijayalakshmi S, Bibi, Sadia, Bijani, Ali, Biondi, Antonio, Birara, Setognal, Bjørge, Tone, Bolarinwa, Obasanjo Afolabi, Bolla, Srinivasa Rao, Boloor, Archith, Braithwaite, Dejana, Brenner, Hermann, Bulamu, Norma B, Burkart, Katrin, Bustamante-Teixeira, Maria Teresa, Butt, Nadeem Shafique, Butt, Zahid A, Caetano dos Santos, Florentino Luciano, Cao, Chao, Cao, Yin, Carreras, Giulia, Catalá-López, Ferrán, Cembranel, Francieli, Cerin, Ester, Chakinala, Raja Chandra, Chakraborty, Promit Ananyo, Chattu, Vijay Kumar, Chaturvedi, Pankaj, Chaurasia, Akhilanand, Chavan, Prachi P, Chimed-Ochir, Odgerel, Choi, Jee-Young Jasmine, Christopher, Devasahayam J, Chu, Dinh-Toi, Chung, Michael T, Conde, Joao, Costa, Vera Marisa, Da'ar, Omar B, Dadras, Omid, Dahlawi, Saad M A, Dai, Xiaochen, Damiani, Giovanni, D'Amico, Emanuele, Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, Daneshpajouhnejad, Parnaz, Darwish, Amira Hamed, Daryani, Ahmad, De la Hoz, Fernando Pio, Debela, Sisay Abebe, Demie, Takele Gezahegn G, Demissie, Getu Debalkie, Demissie, Zeleke Geto, Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar, Derbew Molla, Meseret, Desai, Rupak, Desta, Abebaw Alemayehu, Dhamnetiya, Deepak, Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda, Dhimal, Mandira Lamichhane, Dhimal, Meghnath, Dianatinasab, Mostafa, Didehdar, Mojtaba, Diress, Mengistie, Djalalinia, Shirin, Do, Huyen Phuc, Doaei, Saeid, Dorostkar, Fariba, dos Santos, Wendel Mombaque, Drake, Thomas M, Ekholuenetale, Michael, El Sayed, Iman, El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa, El Tantawi, Maha, El-Abid, Hassan, Elbahnasawy, Mostafa Ahmed, Elbarazi, Iffat, Elhabashy, Hala Rashad, Elhadi, Muhammed, El-Jaafary, Shaimaa I, Enyew, Daniel Berhanie, Erkhembayar, Ryenchindorj, Eshrati, Babak, Eskandarieh, Sharareh, Faisaluddin, Mohammed, Fares, Jawad, Farooque, Umar, Fasanmi, Abidemi Omolara, Fatima, Wafa, Ferreira de Oliveira, José Miguel P, Ferrero, Simone, Ferro Desideri, Lorenzo, Fetensa, Getahun, Filip, Irina, Fischer, Florian, Fisher, James L, Foroutan, Masoud, Fukumoto, Takeshi, Gaal, Peter Andras, Gad, Mohamed M, Gaewkhiew, Piyada, Gallus, Silvano, Garg, Tushar, Gebremeskel, Teferi Gebru, Gemeda, Belete Negese Belete, Getachew, Tamiru, Ghafourifard, Mansour, Ghamari, Seyyed-Hadi, Ghashghaee, Ahmad, Ghassemi, Fariba, Ghith, Nermin, Gholami, Ali, Gholizadeh Navashenaq, Jamshid, Gilani, Syed Amir, Ginindza, Themba G, Gizaw, Abraham Tamirat, Glasbey, James C, Goel, Amit, Golechha, Mahaveer, Goleij, Pouya, Golinelli, Davide, Gopalani, Sameer Vali, Gorini, Giuseppe, Goudarzi, Houman, Goulart, Bárbara Niegia Garcia, Grada, Ayman, Gubari, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen, Guerra, Maximiliano Ribeiro, Guha, Avirup, Gupta, Bhawna, Gupta, Sapna, Gupta, Veer Bala, Gupta, Vivek Kumar, Haddadi, Rasool, Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, Hailu, Alemayehu, Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin, Halwani, Rabih, Hamadeh, Randah R, Hambisa, Mitiku Teshome, Hameed, Sajid, Hamidi, Samer, Haque, Shafiul, Hariri, Sanam, Haro, Josep Maria, Hasaballah, Ahmed I, Hasan, S M Mahmudul, Hashemi, Seyedeh Melika, Hassan, Treska S, Hassanipour, Soheil, Hay, Simon I, Hayat, Khezar, Hebo, Sultan H, Heidari, Golnaz, Heidari, Mohammad, Herrera-Serna, Brenda Yuliana, Herteliu, Claudiu, Heyi, Demisu Zenbaba, Hezam, Kamal, Hole, Michael K, Holla, Ramesh, Horita, Nobuyuki, Hossain, Md Mahbub, Hossain, Mohammad Bellal, Hosseini, Mohammad-Salar, Hosseini, Mostafa, Hosseinzadeh, Ali, Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi, Hostiuc, Mihaela, Hostiuc, Sorin, Househ, Mowafa, Hsairi, Mohamed, Huang, Junjie, Hussein, Nawfal R, Hwang, Bing-Fang, Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel, Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen, Ilic, Irena M, Ilic, Milena D, Innos, Kaire, Irham, Lalu Muhammad, Islam, Rakibul M, Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful, Ismail, Nahlah Elkudssiah, Isola, Gaetano, Iwagami, Masao, Jacob, Louis, Jadidi-Niaragh, Farhad, Jain, Vardhmaan, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo, Janghorban, Roksana, Javadi Mamaghani, Amirreza, Jayaram, Shubha, Jayawardena, Ranil, Jazayeri, Seyed Behzad, Jebai, Rime, Jha, Ravi Prakash, Joo, Tamas, Joseph, Nitin, Joukar, Farahnaz, Jürisson, Mikk, Kaambwa, Billingsley, Kabir, Ali, Kalankesh, Leila R, Kaliyadan, Feroze, Kamal, Zul, Kamath, Ashwin, Kandel, Himal, Kar, Sitanshu Sekhar, Karaye, Ibraheem M, Karimi, Amirali, Kassa, Bekalu Getnet, Kauppila, Joonas H, Kemp Bohan, Phillip M, Kengne, Andre Pascal, Kerbo, Amene Abebe, Keykhaei, Mohammad, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khajuria, Himanshu, Khalili, Nastaran, Khalili, Neda, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khan, Gulfaraz, Khan, Maseer, Khan, Md Nuruzzaman, Khan, Moien AB, Khanali, Javad, Khayamzadeh, Maryam, Khosravizadeh, Omid, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Khundkar, Roba, Kim, Min Seo, Kim, Yun Jin, Kisa, Adnan, Kisa, Sezer, Kissimova-Skarbek, Katarzyna, Kolahi, Ali-Asghar, Kopec, Jacek A, Koteeswaran, Rajasekaran, Koulmane Laxminarayana, Sindhura Lakshmi, Koyanagi, Ai, Kugbey, Nuworza, Kumar, G Anil, Kumar, Nithin, Kwarteng, Alexander, La Vecchia, Carlo, Lan, Qing, Landires, Iván, Lasrado, Savita, Lauriola, Paolo, Ledda, Caterina, Lee, Sang-woong, Lee, Wei-Chen, Lee, Yeong Yeh, Lee, Yo Han, Leigh, James, Leong, Elvynna, Li, Bingyu, Li, Jiarui, Li, Ming-Chieh, Lim, Stephen S, Liu, Xuefeng, Lobo, Stany W, Loureiro, Joana A, Lugo, Alessandra, Lunevicius, Raimundas, Magdy Abd El Razek, Hassan, Magdy Abd El Razek, Muhammed, Mahmoudi, Morteza, Majeed, Azeem, Makki, Alaa, Male, Shilpa, Malekpour, Mohammad-Reza, Malekzadeh, Reza, Malik, Ahmad Azam, Mamun, Mohammed A, Manafi, Navid, Mansour-Ghanaei, Fariborz, Mansouri, Borhan, Mansournia, Mohammad Ali, Martini, Santi, Masoumi, Seyedeh Zahra, Matei, Clara N, Mathur, Manu Raj, McAlinden, Colm, Mehrotra, Ravi, Mendoza, Walter, Menezes, Ritesh G, Mentis, Alexios-Fotios A, Meretoja, Tuomo J, Mersha, Amanual Getnet, Mesregah, Mohamed Kamal, Mestrovic, Tomislav, Miao Jonasson, Junmei, Miazgowski, Bartosz, Michalek, Irmina Maria, Miller, Ted R, Mingude, Alemu Basazin, Mirmoeeni, Seyyedmohammadsadeq, Mirzaei, Hamed, Misra, Sanjeev, Mithra, Prasanna, Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin, Mohammadi, Mokhtar, Mohammadi, Seyyede Momeneh, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah, Mohammadpourhodki, Reza, Mohammed, Arif, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mohammed, Teroj Abdulrahman, Moka, Nagabhishek, Mokdad, Ali H, Molokhia, Mariam, Momtazmanesh, Sara, Monasta, Lorenzo, Moni, Mohammad Ali, Moradi, Ghobad, Moradi, Yousef, Moradzadeh, Maliheh, Moradzadeh, Rahmatollah, Moraga, Paula, Morrison, Shane Douglas, Mostafavi, Ebrahim, Mousavi Khaneghah, Amin, Mpundu-Kaambwa, Christine, Mubarik, Sumaira, Mwanri, Lillian, Nabhan, Ashraf F, Nagaraju, Shankar Prasad, Nagata, Chie, Naghavi, Mohsen, Naimzada, Mukhammad David, Naldi, Luigi, Nangia, Vinay, Naqvi, Atta Abbas, Narasimha Swamy, Sreenivas, Narayana, Aparna Ichalangod, Nayak, Biswa Prakash, Nayak, Vinod C, Nazari, Javad, Nduaguba, Sabina Onyinye, Negoi, Ionut, Negru, Serban Mircea, Nejadghaderi, Seyed Aria, Nepal, Samata, Neupane Kandel, Sandhya, Nggada, Haruna Asura, Nguyen, Cuong Tat, Nnaji, Chukwudi A, Nosrati, Hamed, Nouraei, Hasti, Nowroozi, Ali, Nuñez-Samudio, Virginia, Nwatah, Vincent Ebuka, Nzoputam, Chimezie Igwegbe, Oancea, Bogdan, Odukoya, Oluwakemi Ololade, Oguntade, Ayodipupo Sikiru, Oh, In-Hwan, Olagunju, Andrew T, Olagunju, Tinuke O, Olakunde, Babayemi Oluwaseun, Oluwasanu, Mojisola Morenike, Omar, Emad, Omar Bali, Ahmed, Ong, Sokking, Onwujekwe, Obinna E, Ortega-Altamirano, Doris V, Otstavnov, Nikita, Otstavnov, Stanislav S, Oumer, Bilcha, Owolabi, Mayowa O, P A, Mahesh, Padron-Monedero, Alicia, Padubidri, Jagadish Rao, Pakshir, Keyvan, Pana, Adrian, Pandey, Anamika, Pardhan, Shahina, Pashazadeh Kan, Fatemeh, Pasovic, Maja, Patel, Jenil R, Pati, Siddhartha, Pattanshetty, Sanjay M, Paudel, Uttam, Pereira, Renato B, Peres, Mario F P, Perianayagam, Arokiasamy, Postma, Maarten J, Pourjafar, Hadi, Pourshams, Akram, Prashant, Akila, Pulakunta, Thejodhar, Qadir, Mirza Muhammad Fahd Fahd, Rabiee, Mohammad, Rabiee, Navid, Radfar, Amir, Radhakrishnan, Raghu Anekal, Rafiee, Ata, Rafiei, Alireza, Rafiei, Sima, Rahim, Fakher, Rahimzadeh, Shadi, Rahman, Mosiur, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, Rahmani, Amir Masoud, Rajesh, Aashish, Ramezani-Doroh, Vajiheh, Ranabhat, Kamal, Ranasinghe, Priyanga, Rao, Chythra R, Rao, Sowmya J, Rashedi, Sina, Rashidi, Mahsa, Rashidi, Mohammad-Mahdi, Rath, Goura Kishor, Rawaf, David Laith, Rawaf, Salman, Rawal, Lal, Rawassizadeh, Reza, Razeghinia, Mohammad Sadegh, Regasa, Misganu Teshoma, Renzaho, Andre M N, Rezaei, Maryam, Rezaei, Negar, Rezaei, Nima, Rezaeian, Mohsen, Rezapour, Aziz, Rezazadeh-Khadem, Sahba, Riad, Abanoub, Rios Lopez, Ligia Estefania, Rodriguez, Jefferson Antonio Buendia, Ronfani, Luca, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Rwegerera, Godfrey M, Saber-Ayad, Maha Mohamed, Sabour, Siamak, Saddik, Basema, Sadeghi, Erfan, Sadeghian, Saeid, Saeed, Umar, Sahebkar, Amirhossein, Saif-Ur-Rahman, KM, Sajadi, S Mohammad, Salahi, Sarvenaz, Salehi, Sana, Salem, Marwa Rashad, Salimzadeh, Hamideh, Samy, Abdallah M, Sanabria, Juan, Sanmarchi, Francesco, Sarveazad, Arash, Sathian, Brijesh, Sawhney, Monika, Sawyer, Susan M, Saylan, Mete, Schneider, Ione Jayce Ceola, Seidu, Abdul-Aziz, Šekerija, Mario, Sendo, Endalew Gemechu, Sepanlou, Sadaf G, Seylani, Allen, Seyoum, Kenbon, Sha, Feng, Shafaat, Omid, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Shamsoddin, Erfan, Shannawaz, Mohammed, Sharma, Rajesh, Sheikhbahaei, Sara, Shetty, Adithi, Shetty, B Suresh Kumar, Shetty, Pavanchand H, Shin, Jae Il, Shirkoohi, Reza, Shivakumar, K M, Shobeiri, Parnian, Siabani, Soraya, Sibhat, Migbar Mekonnen, Siddappa Malleshappa, Sudeep K, Sidemo, Negussie Boti, Silva, Diego Augusto Santos, Silva Julian, Guilherme, Singh, Achintya Dinesh, Singh, Jasvinder A, Singh, Jitendra Kumar, Singh, Surjit, Sinke, Abiy H, Sintayehu, Yitagesu, Skryabin, Valentin Yurievich, Skryabina, Anna Aleksandrovna, Smith, Lee, Sofi-Mahmudi, Ahmad, Soltani-Zangbar, Mohammad Sadegh, Song, Suhang, Spurlock, Emma Elizabeth, Steiropoulos, Paschalis, Straif, Kurt, Subedi, Ranjeeta, Sufiyan, Mu'awiyyah Babale, Suliankatchi Abdulkader, Rizwan, Sultana, Saima, Szerencsés, Viktória, Szócska, Miklós, Tabaeian, Seidamir Pasha, Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael, Tabary, Mohammadreza, Tabuchi, Takahiro, Tadbiri, Hooman, Taheri, Majid, Taherkhani, Amir, Takahashi, Ken, Tampa, Mircea, Tan, Ker-Kan, Tat, Vivian Y, Tavakoli, Ahmad, Tbakhi, Abdelghani, Tehrani-Banihashemi, Arash, Temsah, Mohamad-Hani, Tesfay, Fisaha Haile, Tesfaye, Bekele, Thakur, Jarnail Singh, Thapar, Rekha, Thavamani, Aravind, Thiyagarajan, Arulmani, Thomas, Nihal, Tobe-Gai, Ruoyan, Togtmol, Munkhsaikhan, Tohidast, Seyed Abolfazl, Tohidinik, Hamid Reza, Tolani, Musliu Adetola, Tollosa, Daniel Nigusse, Touvier, Mathilde, Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto, Traini, Eugenio, Tran, Bach Xuan, Tran, Mai Thi Ngoc, Tripathy, Jaya Prasad, Tusa, Biruk Shalmeno, Ukke, Gebresilasea Gendisha, Ullah, Irfan, Ullah, Saif, Umapathi, Krishna Kishore, Unnikrishnan, Bhaskaran, Upadhyay, Era, Ushula, Tolassa Wakayo, Vacante, Marco, Valadan Tahbaz, Sahel, Varthya, Shoban Babu, Veroux, Massimiliano, Villeneuve, Paul J, Violante, Francesco S, Vlassov, Vasily, Vu, Giang Thu, Waheed, Yasir, Wang, Ning, Ward, Paul, Weldesenbet, Adisu Birhanu, Wen, Yi Feng, Westerman, Ronny, Winkler, Andrea Sylvia, Wubishet, Befikadu Legesse, Xu, Suowen, Yahyazadeh Jabbari, Seyed Hossein, Yang, Lin, Yaya, Sanni, Yazdi-Feyzabadi, Vahid, Yazie, Taklo Simeneh, Yehualashet, Sisay Shewasinad, Yeshaneh, Alex, Yeshaw, Yigizie, Yirdaw, Birhanu Wubale, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Younis, Mustafa Z, Yousefi, Zabihollah, Yu, Chuanhua, Yunusa, Ismaeel, Zadnik, Vesna, Zahir, Mazyar, Zahirian Moghadam, Telma, Zamani, Mohammad, Zamanian, Maryam, Zandian, Hamed, Zare, Fariba, Zastrozhin, Mikhail Sergeevich, Zastrozhina, Anasthasia, Zhang, Jianrong, Zhang, Zhi-Jiang, Ziapour, Arash, Zoladl, Mohammad, Murray, Christopher J L, Fitzmaurice, Christina, Bleyer, Archie, and Bhakta, Nickhill
Published: 2022
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3. The global, regional, and national burden of pancreatic cancer and its attributable risk factors in 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Author: Pourshams, Akram, Sepanlou, Sadaf G, Ikuta, Kevin S, Bisignano, Catherine, Safiri, Saeid, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Sharif, Mehdi, Khatibian, Morteza, Fitzmaurice, Christina, Nixon, Molly R, Abbasi, Nooshin, Afarideh, Mohsen, Ahmadian, Elham, Akinyemiju, Tomi, Alahdab, Fares, Alam, Tahiya, Alipour, Vahid, Allen, Christine A, Anber, Nahla Hamed, Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza, Arabloo, Jalal, Badawi, Alaa, Bagherzadeh, Mojtaba, Belayneh, Yaschilal Muche, Biadgo, Belete, Bijani, Ali, Biondi, Antonio, Bjørge, Tone, Borzì, Antonio M, Bosetti, Cristina, Briko, Andrey Nikolaevich, Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich, Carreras, Giulia, Carvalho, Félix, Choi, Jee-Young J, Chu, Dinh-Toi, Dang, Anh Kim, Daryani, Ahmad, Davitoiu, Dragos Virgil, Demoz, Gebre Teklemariam, Desai, Rupak, Dey, Subhojit, Do, Hoa Thi, Do, Huyen Phuc, Eftekhari, Aziz, Esteghamati, Alireza, Farzadfar, Farshad, Fernandes, Eduarda, Filip, Irina, Fischer, Florian, Foroutan, Masoud, Gad, Mohamed M, Gallus, Silvano, Geta, Birhanu, Gorini, Giuseppe, Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, Harvey, James D, Hasankhani, Milad, Hasanzadeh, Amir, Hassanipour, Soheil, Hay, Simon I, Hidru, Hagos D, Hoang, Chi Linh, Hostiuc, Sorin, Househ, Mowafa, Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen, Ilic, Milena D, Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi, Jafari Balalami, Nader, James, Spencer L, Joukar, Farahnaz, Kasaeian, Amir, Kassa, Tesfaye Dessale, Kengne, Andre Pascal, Khalilov, Rovshan, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khater, Amir, Khosravi Shadmani, Fatemeh, Kocarnik, Jonathan M, Komaki, Hamidreza, Koyanagi, Ai, Kumar, Vivek, La Vecchia, Carlo, Lopukhov, Platon D, Manafi, Farzad, Manafi, Navid, Manda, Ana-Laura, Mansour-Ghanaei, Fariborz, Mehta, Dhruv, Mehta, Varshil, Meier, Toni, Meles, Hagazi Gebre, Mengistu, Getnet, Miazgowski, Tomasz, Mohamadnejad, Mehdi, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah, Mohammadoo-Khorasani, Milad, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mohebi, Farnam, Mokdad, Ali H, Monasta, Lorenzo, Moossavi, Maryam, Moradzadeh, Rahmatollah, Naik, Gurudatta, Negoi, Ionut, Nguyen, Cuong Tat, Nguyen, Long Hoang, Nguyen, Trang Huyen, Olagunju, Andrew T, Olagunju, Tinuke O, Pennini, Alyssa, Rabiee, Mohammad, Rabiee, Navid, Radfar, Amir, Rahimi, Mahdi, Rath, Goura Kishor, Rawaf, David Laith, Rawaf, Salman, Reiner, Robert C, Jr., Rezaei, Nima, Rezapour, Aziz, Saad, Anas M, Saadatagah, Seyedmohammad, Sahebkar, Amirhossein, Salimzadeh, Hamideh, Samy, Abdallah M, Sanabria, Juan, Sarveazad, Arash, Sawhney, Monika, Sekerija, Mario, Shabalkin, Pavel, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Sharma, Rajesh, Sheikhbahaei, Sara, Shirkoohi, Reza, Siddappa Malleshappa, Sudeep K, Sisay, Mekonnen, Soreide, Kjetil, Soshnikov, Sergey, Sotoudehmanesh, Rasoul, Starodubov, Vladimir I, Subart, Michelle L, Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael, Tadesse, Degena Bahray Bahrey, Traini, Eugenio, Tran, Bach Xuan, Tran, Khanh Bao, Ullah, Irfan, Vacante, Marco, Vahedian-Azimi, Amir, Varavikova, Elena, Westerman, Ronny, Wondafrash, Dawit Dawit Zewdu, Xu, Rixing, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Zadnik, Vesna, Zhang, Zhi-Jiang, Malekzadeh, Reza, and Naghavi, Mohsen
Published: 2019
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4. The global burden of childhood and adolescent cancer in 2017: an analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Author: Force, Lisa M., Abdollahpour, Ibrahim, Advani, Shailesh M, Agius, Dominic, Ahmadian, Elham, Alahdab, Fares, Alam, Tahiya, Alebel, Animut, Alipour, Vahid, Allen, Christine A., Almasi-Hashiani, Amir, Alvarez, Elysia M, Amini, Saeed, Amoako, Yaw Ampem, Anber, Nahla Hamed, Arabloo, Jalal, Artaman, Al, Atique, Suleman, Awasthi, Ashish, Bagherzadeh, Mojtaba, Basaleem, Huda, Bekru, Eyasu Tamru, Bijani, Ali, Bogale, Kassawmar Angaw, Car, Mate, Carvalho, Félix, Castro, Clara, Catalá-López, Ferrán, Chu, Dinh-Toi, Costa, Vera M, Darwish, Amira Hamed, Demeke, Feleke Mekonnen, Demis, Asmamaw Bizuneh, Demoz, Gebre Teklemariam, Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda, Do, Huyen Phuc, Doan, Linh Phuong, Dubey, Manisha, Eftekhari, Aziz, El-Khatib, Ziad, Emamian, Mohammad Hassan, Farhangi, Mahdieh Abbasalizad, Fernandes, Eduarda, Fischer, Florian, Fouladi Fard, Reza, Friedrich, Paola M, Fukumoto, Takeshi, Gedefaw, Getnet Azeze, Ghashghaee, Ahmad, Gholamian, Asadollah, Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin, Haj-Mirzaian, Arya, Hamidi, Samer, Harvey, James D., Hassen, Hamid Yimam, Hay, Simon I., Hoang, Chi Linh, Hole, Michael K., Horita, Nobuyuki, Hosseini, Seyyed Nasrollah, Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi, Hsairi, Mohamed, Hudson, Melissa Maria, Innos, Kaire, Jalilian, Farzad, James, Spencer L., Kasaeian, Amir, Kassa, Tesfaye Dessale, Kassebaum, Nicholas J, Keiyoro, Peter Njenga, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kianipour, Neda, Kirby, Jeannette, Kisa, Adnan, Kisa, Sezer, Kocarnik, Jonathan M, Lauriola, Paolo, Lopez, Alan D, Mägi, Margit, Malik, Manzoor Ahmad, Manafi, Ali, Manafi, Navid, Mansournia, Mohammad Ali, Massenburg, Benjamin Ballard, Mehta, Varshil, Meles, Hagazi Gebre, Meretoja, Tuomo J, Mestrovic, Tomislav, Mir, Seyed Mostafa, Mirzaei-Alavijeh, Mehdi, Mohammad, Dara K., Mohammad Darwesh, Aso, Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, Naser, Mohammadibakhsh, Roghayeh, Mohammadoo-Khorasani, Milad, Mokdad, Ali H, Moodley, Yoshan, Moosazadeh, Mahmood, Moossavi, Maryam, Moradpour, Farhad, Morrison, Shane Douglas, Muchie, Kindie Fentahun, Naghavi, Mohsen, Nazari, Javad, Ngunjiri, Josephine W., Nguyen, Cuong Tat, Nguyen, Long Hoang, Nguyen, Son Hoang, Nguyen, Trang Huyen, Nixon, Molly R, Olagunju, Andrew T, Olagunju, Tinuke O, Ong, Sok King, Paapsi, Keiu, Pennini, Alyssa, Pereira, David M., Pillay, Julian David, Qorbani, Mostafa, Rabiee, Mohammad, Rabiee, Navid, Raoofi, Samira, Rawaf, David Laith, Rawaf, Salman, Reiner, Robert C, Rezaei, Nima, Rezapour, Aziz, Roba, Kedir Teji, Robison, Les L., Rodriguez-Galindo, Carlos, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Safiri, Saeid, Salahshoor, Mohamadreza, Salehi Zahabi, Saleh, Samy, Abdallah M., Santric Milicevic, Milena M, Satpathy, Maheswar, Sawyer, Susan M, Seyedmousavi, Seyedmojtaba, Shabaninejad, Hosein, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Shamshirian, Amir, Shamsizadeh, Morteza, Shirkoohi, Reza, Siabani, Soraya, Singh, Jasvinder A., SiRamlee, Khairil, Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael, Temsah, Mohamad-Hani, Tran, Bach Xuan, Ullah, Irfan, Vahedian-Azimi, Amir, Vollset, Stein Emil, Vos, Theo, Waheed, Yasir, Weldesamuel, Girmay Teklay, Workie, Hailemariam Mekonnen, Xu, Rixing, Yaseri, Mehdi, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Yu, Chuanhua, Zadnik, Vesna, Zahirian Moghadam, Telma, Zaidi, Zoubida, Zangeneh, Alireza, Zewale, Taye Abuhay, Ziapour, Arash, Zodpey, Sanjay, Murray, Christopher J L, Fitzmaurice, Christina, and Bhakta, Nickhill
Published: 2019
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5. National burden of cancer in Italy, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2017

Author: Bosetti, Cristina, Traini, Eugenio, Alam, Tahiya, Allen, Christine A., Carreras, Giulia, Compton, Kelly, Fitzmaurice, Christina, Force, Lisa M., Gallus, Silvano, Gorini, Giuseppe, Harvey, James D., Kocarnik, Jonathan M., La Vecchia, Carlo, Lugo, Alessandra, Naghavi, Mohsen, Pennini, Alyssa, Piccinelli, Cristiano, Ronfani, Luca, Xu, Rixing, and Monasta, Lorenzo
Published: 2020
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6. The Global, Regional, and National Burden of Adult Lip, Oral, and Pharyngeal Cancer in 204 Countries and Territories: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.

Author: Cunha, Amanda Ramos da, Compton, Kelly, Xu, Rixing, Mishra, Rashmi, Drangsholt, Mark Thomas, Antunes, Jose Leopoldo Ferreira, Kerr, Alexander R., Acheson, Alistair R., Lu, Dan, Wallace, Lindsey E., Kocarnik, Jonathan M., Fu, Weijia, Dean, Frances E., Pennini, Alyssa, Henrikson, Hannah Jacqueline, Alam, Tahiya, Ababneh, Emad, Abd-Elsalam, Sherief, Abdoun, Meriem, and Abidi, Hassan
Published: 2023
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7. Cancer Incidence, Mortality, Years of Life Lost, Years Lived With Disability, and Disability-Adjusted Life Years for 29 Cancer Groups From 2010 to 2019 : A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author: Kocarnik, Jonathan M, Compton, Kelly, Dean, Frances E, Fu, Weijia, Gaw, Brian L., Harvey, James D., Henrikson, Hannah Jacqueline, Lu, Dan, Pennini, Alyssa, Xu, Rixing, Tran, Thi Ngoc, other, and, Kocarnik, Jonathan M, Compton, Kelly, Dean, Frances E, Fu, Weijia, Gaw, Brian L., Harvey, James D., Henrikson, Hannah Jacqueline, Lu, Dan, Pennini, Alyssa, Xu, Rixing, Tran, Thi Ngoc, and other, and
Abstract: Importance: The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019 (GBD 2019) provided systematic estimates of incidence, morbidity, and mortality to inform local and international efforts toward reducing cancer burden. Objective: To estimate cancer burden and trends globally for 204 countries and territories and by Sociodemographic Index (SDI) quintiles from 2010 to 2019. Evidence Review: The GBD 2019 estimation methods were used to describe cancer incidence, mortality, years lived with disability, years of life lost, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) in 2019 and over the past decade. Estimates are also provided by quintiles of the SDI, a composite measure of educational attainment, income per capita, and total fertility rate for those younger than 25 years. Estimates include 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). Findings: In 2019, there were an estimated 23.6 million (95% UI, 22.2-24.9 million) new cancer cases (17.2 million when excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer) and 10.0 million (95% UI, 9.36-10.6 million) cancer deaths globally, with an estimated 250 million (235-264 million) DALYs due to cancer. Since 2010, these represented a 26.3% (95% UI, 20.3%-32.3%) increase in new cases, a 20.9% (95% UI, 14.2%-27.6%) increase in deaths, and a 16.0% (95% UI, 9.3%-22.8%) increase in DALYs. Among 22 groups of diseases and injuries in the GBD 2019 study, cancer was second only to cardiovascular diseases for the number of deaths, years of life lost, and DALYs globally in 2019. Cancer burden differed across SDI quintiles. The proportion of years lived with disability that contributed to DALYs increased with SDI, ranging from 1.4% (1.1%-1.8%) in the low SDI quintile to 5.7% (4.2%-7.1%) in the high SDI quintile. While the high SDI quintile had the highest number of new cases in 2019, the middle SDI quintile had the highest number of cancer deaths and DALYs. From 2010 to 2019, the largest percentage increase in the numbers of cases and deaths occurred in the
Published: 2022

8. The global burden of adolescent and young adult cancer in 2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author: Alvarez, Elysia M., Force, Lisa M., Xu, Rixing, Compton, Kelly, Lu, Dan, Henrikson, Hannah Jacqueline, Kocarnik, Jonathan M, Harvey, James D., Pennini, Alyssa, Dean, Frances E, Tran, Thi Ngoc, Wang, Ning, other, and, Alvarez, Elysia M., Force, Lisa M., Xu, Rixing, Compton, Kelly, Lu, Dan, Henrikson, Hannah Jacqueline, Kocarnik, Jonathan M, Harvey, James D., Pennini, Alyssa, Dean, Frances E, Tran, Thi Ngoc, Wang, Ning, and other, and
Abstract: Background In estimating the global burden of cancer, adolescents and young adults with cancer are often overlooked, despite being a distinct subgroup with unique epidemiology, clinical care needs, and societal impact. Comprehensive estimates of the global cancer burden in adolescents and young adults (aged 15–39 years) are lacking. To address this gap, we analysed results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019, with a focus on the outcome of disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), to inform global cancer control measures in adolescents and young adults. Methods Using the GBD 2019 methodology, international mortality data were collected from vital registration systems, verbal autopsies, and population-based cancer registry inputs modelled with mortality-to-incidence ratios (MIRs). Incidence was computed with mortality estimates and corresponding MIRs. Prevalence estimates were calculated using modelled survival and multiplied by disability weights to obtain years lived with disability (YLDs). Years of life lost (YLLs) were calculated as age-specific cancer deaths multiplied by the standard life expectancy at the age of death. The main outcome was DALYs (the sum of YLLs and YLDs). Estimates were presented globally and by Socio-demographic Index (SDI) quintiles (countries ranked and divided into five equal SDI groups), and all estimates were presented with corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). For this analysis, we used the age range of 15–39 years to define adolescents and young adults. Findings There were 1·19 million (95% UI 1·11–1·28) incident cancer cases and 396 000 (370 000–425 000) deaths due to cancer among people aged 15–39 years worldwide in 2019. The highest age-standardised incidence rates occurred in high SDI (59·6 [54·5–65·7] per 100 000 person-years) and high-middle SDI countries (53·2 [48·8–57·9] per 100 000 person-years), while the highest age-standardised mortality rates were in l
Published: 2022

9. Cancer Incidence, Mortality, Years of Life Lost, Years Lived With Disability, and Disability-Adjusted Life Years for 29 Cancer Groups From 2010 to 2019 A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author: Kocarnik, Jonathan M., Compton, Kelly, Dean, Frances E., Fu, Weijia, Gaw, Brian L., Harvey, James D., Henrikson, Hannah Jacqueline, Lu, Dan, Pennini, Alyssa, Xu, Rixing, Ababneh, Emad, Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen, Kocarnik, Jonathan M., Compton, Kelly, Dean, Frances E., Fu, Weijia, Gaw, Brian L., Harvey, James D., Henrikson, Hannah Jacqueline, Lu, Dan, Pennini, Alyssa, Xu, Rixing, Ababneh, Emad, and Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen
Abstract: IMPORTANCE The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019 (GBD 2019) provided systematic estimates of incidence, morbidity, and mortality to inform local and international efforts toward reducing cancer burden. OBJECTIVE To estimate cancer burden and trends globally for 204 countries and territories and by Sociodemographic Index (SDI) quintiles from 2010 to 2019. EVIDENCE REVIEW The GBD 2019 estimation methods were used to describe cancer incidence, mortality, years lived with disability, years of life lost, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) in 2019 and over the past decade. Estimates are also provided by quintiles of the SDI, a composite measure of educational attainment, income per capita, and total fertility rate for those younger than 25 years. Estimates include 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). FINDINGS In 2019, there were an estimated 23.6 million (95% UI, 22.2-24.9 million) new cancer cases (17.2 million when excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer) and 10.0 million (95% UI, 9.36-10.6 million) cancer deaths globally, with an estimated 250 million (235-264 million) DALYs due to cancer. Since 2010, these represented a 26.3% (95% UI, 20.3%-32.3%) increase in new cases, a 20.9% (95% UI, 14.2%-27.6%) increase in deaths, and a 16.0% (95% UI, 9.3%-22.8%) increase in DALYs. Among 22 groups of diseases and injuries in the GBD 2019 study, cancer was second only to cardiovascular diseases for the number of deaths, years of life lost, and DALYs globally in 2019. Cancer burden differed across SDI quintiles. The proportion of years lived with disability that contributed to DALYs increased with SDI, ranging from 1.4% (1.1%-1.8%) in the low SDI quintile to 5.7% (4.2%-7.1%) in the high SDI quintile. While the high SDI quintile had the highest number of new cases in 2019, the middle SDI quintile had the highest number of cancer deaths and DALYs. From 2010 to 2019, the largest percentage increase in the numbers of cases and deaths occurred in the low
Published: 2022

10. A systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2019

Author: Kocarnik, Jonathan, Compton, Kelly, Dean, Frances E, Fu, Weijia, Gaw, Brian L, Harvey, James D, Henrikson, Hannah, Lu, Dan, Pennini, Alyssa, Xu, Rixing, Alvis-Guzmán, Nelson, and Et al
Subjects: Disability, Mortality, Cancer
Abstract: Importance The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019 (GBD 2019) provided systematic estimates of incidence, morbidity, and mortality to inform local and international efforts toward reducing cancer burden. Objective To estimate cancer burden and trends globally for 204 countries and territories and by Sociodemographic Index (SDI) quintiles from 2010 to 2019. Evidence Review The GBD 2019 estimation methods were used to describe cancer incidence, mortality, years lived with disability, years of life lost, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) in 2019 and over the past decade. Estimates are also provided by quintiles of the SDI, a composite measure of educational attainment, income per capita, and total fertility rate for those younger than 25 years. Estimates include 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). Findings In 2019, there were an estimated 23.6 million (95% UI, 22.2-24.9 million) new cancer cases (17.2 million when excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer) and 10.0 million (95% UI, 9.36-10.6 million) cancer deaths globally, with an estimated 250 million (235-264 million) DALYs due to cancer. Since 2010, these represented a 26.3% (95% UI, 20.3%-32.3%) increase in new cases, a 20.9% (95% UI, 14.2%-27.6%) increase in deaths, and a 16.0% (95% UI, 9.3%-22.8%) increase in DALYs. Among 22 groups of diseases and injuries in the GBD 2019 study, cancer was second only to cardiovascular diseases for the number of deaths, years of life lost, and DALYs globally in 2019. Cancer burden differed across SDI quintiles. The proportion of years lived with disability that contributed to DALYs increased with SDI, ranging from 1.4% (1.1%-1.8%) in the low SDI quintile to 5.7% (4.2%-7.1%) in the high SDI quintile. While the high SDI quintile had the highest number of new cases in 2019, the middle SDI quintile had the highest number of cancer deaths and DALYs. From 2010 to 2019, the largest percentage increase in the numbers of cases and deaths occurred in the low and low-middle SDI quintiles. Conclusions and Relevance The results of this systematic analysis suggest that the global burden of cancer is substantial and growing, with burden differing by SDI. These results provide comprehensive and comparable estimates that can potentially inform efforts toward equitable cancer control around the world.
Published: 2022

11. The global burden of 29 cancer groups from 2010 to 2019: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease study 2019.

Author: Kocarnik, Jonathan M, primary, Compton, Kelly, additional, Dean, Franny, additional, Fu, Weijia, additional, Gaw, Brian, additional, Harvey, James, additional, Henrikson, Hannah, additional, Lu, Dan, additional, Pennini, Alyssa, additional, Xu, Rixing, additional, and Lisa, Force, additional
Published: 2021
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12. Global burden of 87 risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author: Murray, Christopher J.L., Aravkin, Aleksandr Y., Zheng, Peng, Abbafati, Cristiana, Abbas, Kaja M., Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen, Abd-Allah, Foad, Abdelalim, Ahmed, Abdollahi, Mohammad, Abdollahpour, Ibrahim, Abegaz, Kedir Hussein, Abolhassani, Hassan, Aboyans, Victor, Abreu, Lucas Guimarães, Abrigo, Michael R.M., Abualhasan, Ahmed, Abu-Raddad, Laith Jamal, Abushouk, Abdelrahman I., Adabi, Maryam, Adekanmbi, Victor, Adeoye, Abiodun Moshood, Adetokunboh, Olatunji O., Adham, Davoud, Advani, Shailesh M., Agarwal, Gina, Aghamir, Seyed Mohammad Kazem, Agrawal, Anurag, Ahmad, Tauseef, Ahmadi, Keivan, Ahmadi, Mehdi, Ahmadieh, Hamid, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Akalu, Temesgen Yihunie, Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola, Akinyemiju, Tomi, Akombi, Blessing, Akunna, Chisom Joyqueenet, Alahdab, Fares, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alam, Khurshid, Alam, Samiah, Alam, Tahiya, Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour, Alanzi, Turki M., Alemu, Biresaw wassihun, Alhabib, Khalid F., Ali, Muhammad, Ali, Saqib, Alicandro, Gianfranco, Alinia, Cyrus, Alipour, Vahid, Alizade, Hesam, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, Alla, François, Allebeck, Peter, Almasi-Hashiani, Amir, Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M., Alonso, Jordi, Altirkawi, Khalid A., Amini-Rarani, Mostafa, Amiri, Fatemeh, Amugsi, Dickson A., Ancuceanu, Robert, Anderlini, Deanna, Anderson, Jason A., Andrei, Catalina Liliana, Andrei, Tudorel, Angus, Colin, Anjomshoa, Mina, Ansari, Fereshteh, Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza, Antonazzo, Ippazio Cosimo, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T., Antony, Catherine M., Antriyandarti, Ernoiz, Anvari, Davood, Anwer, Razique, Appiah, Seth Christopher Yaw, Arabloo, Jalal, Arab-Zozani, Morteza, Ariani, Filippo, Armoon, Bahram, Ärnlöv, Johan, Arzani, Afsaneh, Asadi-Aliabadi, Mehran, Asadi-Pooya, Ali A., Ashbaugh, Charlie, Assmus, Michael, Atafar, Zahra, Atnafu, Desta Debalkie, Atout, Maha Moh d.Wahbi, Ausloos, Floriane, Ausloos, Marcel, Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina, Ayano, Getinet, Ayanore, Martin Amogre, Azari, Samad, Azarian, Ghasem, Azene, Zelalem Nigussie, Badawi, Alaa, Badiye, Ashish D., Bahrami, Mohammad Amin, Bakhshaei, Mohammad Hossein, Bakhtiari, Ahad, Bakkannavar, Shankar M., Baldasseroni, Alberto, Ball, Kylie, Ballew, Shoshana H., Balzi, Daniela, Banach, Maciej, Banerjee, Srikanta K., Bante, Agegnehu Bante, Baraki, Adhanom Gebreegziabher, Barker-Collo, Suzanne Lyn, Bärnighausen, Till Winfried, Barrero, Lope H., Barthelemy, Celine M., Barua, Lingkan, Basu, Sanjay, Baune, Bernhard T., Bayati, Mohsen, Becker, Jacob S., Bedi, Neeraj, Beghi, Ettore, Béjot, Yannick, Bell, Michellr L., Bennitt, Fiona B., Bensenor, Isabela M., Berhe, Kidanemaryam, Berman, Adam E., Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth, Bhageerathy, Reshmi, Bhala, Neeraj, Bhandari, Dinesh, Bhattacharyya, Krittika, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A., Bijani, Ali, Bikbov, Boris, Bin Sayeed, Muhammad Shahdaat, Biondi, Antonio, Birihane, Binyam Minuye, Bisignano, Catherine, Biswas, Raaj Kishore, Bitew, Helen, Bohlouli, Somayeh, Bohluli, Mehdi, Boon-Dooley, Alexandra S., Borges, Guilherme, Borzì, Antonio Maria, Borzouei, Shiva, Bosetti, Cristina, Boufous, Soufiane, Braithwaite, Dejana, Breitborde, Nicholas J.K., Breitner, Susanne, Brenner, Hermann, Briant, Paul Svitil, Briko, Andrey Nikolaevich, Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich, Britton, Gabrielle B., Bryazka, Dana, Bumgarner, Blair R., Burkart, Katrin, Burnett, Richard Thomas, Burugina Nagaraja, Sharath, Butt, Zahid A., Caetano dos Santos, Florentino Luciano, Cahill, Leah E., Cámera, Luis LA Alberto, Campos-Nonato, Ismael R., Cárdenas, Rosario, Carreras, Giulia, Carrero, Juan J., Carvalho, Felix, Castaldelli-Maia, Joao Mauricio, Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A., Castelpietra, Giulio, Castro, Franz, Causey, Kate, Cederroth, Christopher R., Cercy, Kelly M., Cerin, Ester, Chandan, Joht Singh, Chang, Kai Lan, Charlson, Fiona J., Chattu, Vijay Kumar, Chaturvedi, Sarika, Cherbuin, Nicolas, Chimed-Ochir, Odgerel, Cho, Daniel Youngwhan, Choi, Jee Young Jasmine, Christensen, Hanne, Chu, Dinh Toi, Chung, Michael T., Chung, Sheng Chia, Cicuttini, Flavia M., Ciobanu, Liliana G., Cirillo, Massimo, Classen, Thomas Khaled Dwayne, Cohen, Aaron J., Compton, Kelly, Cooper, Owen R., Costa, Vera Marisa, Cousin, Ewerton, Cowden, Richard G., Cross, Di H., Cruz, Jessica A., Dahlawi, Saad M.A., Damasceno, Albertino Antonio Moura, Damiani, Giovanni, Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, Dangel, William James, Danielsson, Anna Karin, Dargan, Paul I., Darwesh, Aso Mohammad, Daryani, Ahmad, Das, Jai K., Das Gupta, Rajat, das Neves, José, Dávila-Cervantes, Claudio Alberto, Davitoiu, Dragos Virgil, De Leo, Diego, Degenhardt, Louisa, DeLang, Marissa, Dellavalle, Robert Paul, Demeke, Feleke Mekonnen, Demoz, Gebre Teklemariam, Demsie, Desalegn Getnet, Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar, Dervenis, Nikolaos, Dhungana, Govinda Prasad, Dianatinasab, Mostafa, Dias da Silva, Diana, Diaz, Daniel, Dibaji Forooshani, Zahra Sadat, Djalalinia, Shirin, Do, Hoa Thi, Dokova, Klara, Dorostkar, Fariba, Doshmangir, Leila, Driscoll, Tim Robert, Duncan, Bruce B., Duraes, Andre Rodrigues, 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Hamidreza, Haro, Josep Maria, Hasaballah, Ahmed I., Hasan, Md Mehedi, Hasanpoor, Edris, Hashi, Abdiwahab, Hassanipour, Soheil, Hassankhani, Hadi, Havmoeller, Rasmus J., Hay, Simon I., Hayat, Khezar, Heidari, Golnaz, Heidari-Soureshjani, Reza, Henrikson, Hannah J., Herbert, Molly E., Herteliu, Claudiu, Heydarpour, Fatemeh, Hird, Thomas R., Hoek, Hans W., Holla, Ramesh, Hoogar, Praveen, Hosgood, H. 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Anil, Kumar, Vivek, Kurmi, Om P., Kusuma, Dian, La Vecchia, Carlo, Lacey, Ben, Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, Lalloo, Ratilal, Lallukka, Tea, Lami, Faris Hasan, Landires, Iván, Lang, Justin J., Langan, Sinéad M., Larsson, Anders O., Lasrado, Savita, Lauriola, Paolo, Lazarus, Jeffrey V., Lee, Paul H., Lee, Shaun Wen Huey, LeGrand, Kate E., Leigh, James, Leonardi, Matilde, Lescinsky, Haley, Leung, Janni, Levi, Miriam, Li, Shanshan, Lim, Lee Ling, Linn, Shai, Liu, Shiwei, Liu, Simin, Liu, Yang, Lo, Justin, Lopez, Alan D., Lopez, Jaifred Christian F., Lopukhov, Platon D., Lorkowski, Stefan, Lotufo, Paulo A., Lu, Alton, Lugo, Alessandra, Maddison, Emilie R., Mahasha, Phetole Walter, Mahdavi, Mokhtar Mahdavi, Mahmoudi, Morteza, Majeed, Azeem, Maleki, Afshin, Maleki, Shokofeh, Malekzadeh, Reza, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, Mamun, Abdullah A., Manda, Ana Laura, Manguerra, Helena, Mansour-Ghanaei, Fariborz, Mansouri, Borhan, Mansournia, Mohammad Ali, Mantilla Herrera, Ana M., Maravilla, Joemer C., Marks, Ashley, Martin, Randall V., Martini, Santi, Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlândio, Masaka, Anthony, Masoumi, Seyedeh Zahra, Mathur, Manu Raj, Matsushita, Kunihiro, Maulik, Pallab K., McAlinden, Colm, McGrath, John J., McKee, Martin, Mehndiratta, Man Mohan, Mehri, Fereshteh, Mehta, Kala M., Memish, Ziad A., Mendoza, Walter, Menezes, Ritesh G., Mengesha, Endalkachew Worku, Mereke, Alibek, Mereta, Seid Tiku, Meretoja, Atte, Meretoja, Tuomo J., Mestrovic, Tomislav, Miazgowski, Bartosz, Miazgowski, Tomasz, Michalek, Irmina Maria, Miller, Ted R., Mills, Edward J., Mini, G. 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Abstract: Background: Rigorous analysis of levels and trends in exposure to leading risk factors and quantification of their effect on human health are important to identify where public health is making progress and in which cases current efforts are inadequate. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 provides a standardised and comprehensive assessment of the magnitude of risk factor exposure, relative risk, and attributable burden of disease. Methods: GBD 2019 estimated attributable mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years of life lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 87 risk factors and combinations of risk factors, at the global level, regionally, and for 204 countries and territories. GBD uses a hierarchical list of risk factors so that specific risk factors (eg, sodium intake), and related aggregates (eg, diet quality), are both evaluated. This method has six analytical steps. (1) We included 560 risk–outcome pairs that met criteria for convincing or probable evidence on the basis of research studies. 12 risk–outcome pairs included in GBD 2017 no longer met inclusion criteria and 47 risk–outcome pairs for risks already included in GBD 2017 were added based on new evidence. (2) Relative risks were estimated as a function of exposure based on published systematic reviews, 81 systematic reviews done for GBD 2019, and meta-regression. (3) Levels of exposure in each age-sex-location-year included in the study were estimated based on all available data sources using spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression, DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian meta-regression method, or alternative methods. (4) We determined, from published trials or cohort studies, the level of exposure associated with minimum risk, called the theoretical minimum risk exposure level. (5) Attributable deaths, YLLs, YLDs, and DALYs were computed by multiplying population attributable fractions (PAFs) by the relevant outcome quantity for each
Published: 2020

13. Global burden of 87 risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author: Sub Foundations&PhilosophyofNaturSc begr, IRAS OH Epidemiology Chemical Agents, dIRAS RA-2, Murray, Christopher J.L., Aravkin, Aleksandr Y., Zheng, Peng, Abbafati, Cristiana, Abbas, Kaja M., Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen, Abd-Allah, Foad, Abdelalim, Ahmed, Abdollahi, Mohammad, Abdollahpour, Ibrahim, Abegaz, Kedir Hussein, Abolhassani, Hassan, Aboyans, Victor, Abreu, Lucas Guimarães, Abrigo, Michael R.M., Abualhasan, Ahmed, Abu-Raddad, Laith Jamal, Abushouk, Abdelrahman I., Adabi, Maryam, Adekanmbi, Victor, Adeoye, Abiodun Moshood, Adetokunboh, Olatunji O., Adham, Davoud, Advani, Shailesh M., Agarwal, Gina, Aghamir, Seyed Mohammad Kazem, Agrawal, Anurag, Ahmad, Tauseef, Ahmadi, Keivan, Ahmadi, Mehdi, Ahmadieh, Hamid, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Akalu, Temesgen Yihunie, Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola, Akinyemiju, Tomi, Akombi, Blessing, Akunna, Chisom Joyqueenet, Alahdab, Fares, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alam, Khurshid, Alam, Samiah, Alam, Tahiya, Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour, Alanzi, Turki M., Alemu, Biresaw wassihun, Alhabib, Khalid F., Ali, Muhammad, Ali, Saqib, Alicandro, Gianfranco, Alinia, Cyrus, Alipour, Vahid, Alizade, Hesam, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, Alla, François, Allebeck, Peter, Almasi-Hashiani, Amir, Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M., Alonso, Jordi, Altirkawi, Khalid A., Amini-Rarani, Mostafa, Amiri, Fatemeh, Amugsi, Dickson A., Ancuceanu, Robert, Anderlini, Deanna, Anderson, Jason A., Andrei, Catalina Liliana, Andrei, Tudorel, Angus, Colin, Anjomshoa, Mina, Ansari, Fereshteh, Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza, Antonazzo, Ippazio Cosimo, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T., Antony, Catherine M., Antriyandarti, Ernoiz, Anvari, Davood, Anwer, Razique, Appiah, Seth Christopher Yaw, Arabloo, Jalal, Arab-Zozani, Morteza, Ariani, Filippo, Armoon, Bahram, Ärnlöv, Johan, Arzani, Afsaneh, Asadi-Aliabadi, Mehran, Asadi-Pooya, Ali A., Ashbaugh, Charlie, Assmus, Michael, Atafar, Zahra, Atnafu, Desta Debalkie, Atout, Maha Moh d.Wahbi, Ausloos, Floriane, Ausloos, Marcel, Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina, Ayano, Getinet, Ayanore, Martin Amogre, Azari, Samad, Azarian, Ghasem, Azene, Zelalem Nigussie, Badawi, Alaa, Badiye, Ashish D., Bahrami, Mohammad Amin, Bakhshaei, Mohammad Hossein, Bakhtiari, Ahad, Bakkannavar, Shankar M., Baldasseroni, Alberto, Ball, Kylie, Ballew, Shoshana H., Balzi, Daniela, Banach, Maciej, Banerjee, Srikanta K., Bante, Agegnehu Bante, Baraki, Adhanom Gebreegziabher, Barker-Collo, Suzanne Lyn, Bärnighausen, Till Winfried, Barrero, Lope H., Barthelemy, Celine M., Barua, Lingkan, Basu, Sanjay, Baune, Bernhard T., Bayati, Mohsen, Becker, Jacob S., Bedi, Neeraj, Beghi, Ettore, Béjot, Yannick, Bell, Michellr L., Bennitt, Fiona B., Bensenor, Isabela M., Berhe, Kidanemaryam, Berman, Adam E., Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth, Bhageerathy, Reshmi, Bhala, Neeraj, Bhandari, Dinesh, Bhattacharyya, Krittika, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A., Bijani, Ali, Bikbov, Boris, Bin Sayeed, Muhammad Shahdaat, Biondi, Antonio, Birihane, Binyam Minuye, Bisignano, Catherine, Biswas, Raaj Kishore, Bitew, Helen, Bohlouli, Somayeh, Bohluli, Mehdi, Boon-Dooley, Alexandra S., Borges, Guilherme, Borzì, Antonio Maria, Borzouei, Shiva, Bosetti, Cristina, Boufous, Soufiane, Braithwaite, Dejana, Breitborde, Nicholas J.K., Breitner, Susanne, Brenner, Hermann, Briant, Paul Svitil, Briko, Andrey Nikolaevich, Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich, Britton, Gabrielle B., Bryazka, Dana, Bumgarner, Blair R., Burkart, Katrin, Burnett, Richard Thomas, Burugina Nagaraja, Sharath, Butt, Zahid A., Caetano dos Santos, Florentino Luciano, Cahill, Leah E., Cámera, Luis LA Alberto, Campos-Nonato, Ismael R., Cárdenas, Rosario, Carreras, Giulia, Carrero, Juan J., Carvalho, Felix, Castaldelli-Maia, Joao Mauricio, Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A., Castelpietra, Giulio, Castro, Franz, Causey, Kate, Cederroth, Christopher R., Cercy, Kelly M., Cerin, Ester, Chandan, Joht Singh, Chang, Kai Lan, Charlson, Fiona J., Chattu, Vijay Kumar, Chaturvedi, Sarika, Cherbuin, Nicolas, Chimed-Ochir, Odgerel, Cho, Daniel Youngwhan, Choi, Jee Young 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Alipour, Vahid, Alizade, Hesam, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, Alla, François, Allebeck, Peter, Almasi-Hashiani, Amir, Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M., Alonso, Jordi, Altirkawi, Khalid A., Amini-Rarani, Mostafa, Amiri, Fatemeh, Amugsi, Dickson A., Ancuceanu, Robert, Anderlini, Deanna, Anderson, Jason A., Andrei, Catalina Liliana, Andrei, Tudorel, Angus, Colin, Anjomshoa, Mina, Ansari, Fereshteh, Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza, Antonazzo, Ippazio Cosimo, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T., Antony, Catherine M., Antriyandarti, Ernoiz, Anvari, Davood, Anwer, Razique, Appiah, Seth Christopher Yaw, Arabloo, Jalal, Arab-Zozani, Morteza, Ariani, Filippo, Armoon, Bahram, Ärnlöv, Johan, Arzani, Afsaneh, Asadi-Aliabadi, Mehran, Asadi-Pooya, Ali A., Ashbaugh, Charlie, Assmus, Michael, Atafar, Zahra, Atnafu, Desta Debalkie, Atout, Maha Moh d.Wahbi, Ausloos, Floriane, Ausloos, Marcel, Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina, Ayano, Getinet, Ayanore, Martin Amogre, Azari, Samad, Azarian, Ghasem, Azene, Zelalem Nigussie, Badawi, Alaa, Badiye, Ashish D., Bahrami, Mohammad Amin, Bakhshaei, Mohammad Hossein, Bakhtiari, Ahad, Bakkannavar, Shankar M., Baldasseroni, Alberto, Ball, Kylie, Ballew, Shoshana H., Balzi, Daniela, Banach, Maciej, Banerjee, Srikanta K., Bante, Agegnehu Bante, Baraki, Adhanom Gebreegziabher, Barker-Collo, Suzanne Lyn, Bärnighausen, Till Winfried, Barrero, Lope H., Barthelemy, Celine M., Barua, Lingkan, Basu, Sanjay, Baune, Bernhard T., Bayati, Mohsen, Becker, Jacob S., Bedi, Neeraj, Beghi, Ettore, Béjot, Yannick, Bell, Michellr L., Bennitt, Fiona B., Bensenor, Isabela M., Berhe, Kidanemaryam, Berman, Adam E., Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth, Bhageerathy, Reshmi, Bhala, Neeraj, Bhandari, Dinesh, Bhattacharyya, Krittika, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A., Bijani, Ali, Bikbov, Boris, Bin Sayeed, Muhammad Shahdaat, Biondi, Antonio, Birihane, Binyam Minuye, Bisignano, Catherine, Biswas, Raaj Kishore, Bitew, Helen, Bohlouli, Somayeh, Bohluli, Mehdi, Boon-Dooley, Alexandra S., Borges, Guilherme, Borzì, Antonio Maria, Borzouei, Shiva, Bosetti, Cristina, Boufous, Soufiane, Braithwaite, Dejana, Breitborde, Nicholas J.K., Breitner, Susanne, Brenner, Hermann, Briant, Paul Svitil, Briko, Andrey Nikolaevich, Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich, Britton, Gabrielle B., Bryazka, Dana, Bumgarner, Blair R., Burkart, Katrin, Burnett, Richard Thomas, Burugina Nagaraja, Sharath, Butt, Zahid A., Caetano dos Santos, Florentino Luciano, Cahill, Leah E., Cámera, Luis LA Alberto, Campos-Nonato, Ismael R., Cárdenas, Rosario, Carreras, Giulia, Carrero, Juan J., Carvalho, Felix, Castaldelli-Maia, Joao Mauricio, Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A., Castelpietra, Giulio, Castro, Franz, Causey, Kate, Cederroth, Christopher R., Cercy, Kelly M., Cerin, Ester, Chandan, Joht Singh, Chang, Kai Lan, Charlson, Fiona J., Chattu, Vijay Kumar, Chaturvedi, Sarika, Cherbuin, Nicolas, Chimed-Ochir, Odgerel, Cho, Daniel Youngwhan, Choi, Jee Young Jasmine, Christensen, Hanne, Chu, Dinh Toi, Chung, Michael T., Chung, Sheng Chia, Cicuttini, Flavia M., Ciobanu, Liliana G., Cirillo, Massimo, Classen, Thomas Khaled Dwayne, Cohen, Aaron J., Compton, Kelly, Cooper, Owen R., Costa, Vera Marisa, Cousin, Ewerton, Cowden, Richard G., Cross, Di H., Cruz, Jessica A., Dahlawi, Saad M.A., Damasceno, Albertino Antonio Moura, Damiani, Giovanni, Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, Dangel, William James, Danielsson, Anna Karin, Dargan, Paul I., Darwesh, Aso Mohammad, Daryani, Ahmad, Das, Jai K., Das Gupta, Rajat, das Neves, José, Dávila-Cervantes, Claudio Alberto, Davitoiu, Dragos Virgil, De Leo, Diego, Degenhardt, Louisa, DeLang, Marissa, Dellavalle, Robert Paul, Demeke, Feleke Mekonnen, Demoz, Gebre Teklemariam, Demsie, Desalegn Getnet, Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar, Dervenis, Nikolaos, Dhungana, Govinda Prasad, Dianatinasab, Mostafa, Dias da Silva, Diana, Diaz, Daniel, Dibaji Forooshani, Zahra Sadat, Djalalinia, Shirin, Do, Hoa Thi, Dokova, Klara, Dorostkar, Fariba, Doshmangir, Leila, Driscoll, Tim Robert, Duncan, Bruce B., Duraes, Andre Rodrigues, Eagan, Arielle Wilder, Edvardsson, David, El Nahas, Nevine, El Sayed, Iman, El Tantawi, Maha, Elbarazi, Iffat, Elgendy, Islam Y., El-Jaafary, Shaimaa I., Elyazar, Iqbal RF, Emmons-Bell, Sophia, Erskine, Holly E., Eskandarieh, Sharareh, Esmaeilnejad, Saman, Esteghamati, Alireza, Estep, Kara, Etemadi, Arash, Etisso, Atkilt Esaiyas, Fanzo, Jessica, Farahmand, Mohammad, Fareed, Mohammad, Faridnia, Roghiyeh, Farioli, Andrea, Faro, Andre, Faruque, Mithila, Farzadfar, Farshad, Fattahi, Nazir, Fazlzadeh, Mehdi, Feigin, Valery L., Feldman, Rachel, Fereshtehnejad, Seyed Mohammad, Fernandes, Eduarda, Ferrara, Giannina, Ferrari, Alize J., Ferreira, Manuela L., Filip, Irina, Fischer, Florian, Fisher, James L., Flor, Luisa Sorio, Foigt, Nataliya A., Folayan, Morenike Oluwatoyin, Fomenkov, Artem Alekseevich, Force, Lisa M., Foroutan, Masoud, Franklin, Richard Charles, Freitas, Marisa, Fu, Weijia, Fukumoto, Takeshi, Furtado, João M., Gad, Mohamed M., Gakidou, Emmanuela, Gallus, Silvano, Garcia-Basteiro, Alberto L., Gardner, William M., Geberemariyam, Biniyam Sahiledengle, Gebreslassie, Assefa Ayalew Ayalew Ayalew, Geremew, Abraham, Gershberg Hayoon, Anna, Gething, Peter W., Ghadimi, Maryam, Ghadiri, Keyghobad, Ghaffarifar, Fatemeh, Ghafourifard, Mansour, Ghamari, Farhad, Ghashghaee, Ahmad, Ghiasvand, Hesam, Ghith, Nermin, Gholamian, Asadollah, Ghosh, Rakesh, Gill, Paramjit Singh, Ginindza, Themba G.G., Giussani, Giorgia, Gnedovskaya, Elena V., Goharinezhad, Salime, Gopalani, Sameer Vali, Gorini, Giuseppe, Goudarzi, Houman, Goulart, Alessandra C., Greaves, Felix, Grivna, Michal, Grosso, Giuseppe, Gubari, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen, Gugnani, Harish Chander, Guimarães, Rafael Alves, Guled, Rashid Abdi, Guo, Gaorui, Guo, Yuming, Gupta, Rajeev, Gupta, Tarun, Haddock, Beatrix, Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, Hafiz, Abdul, Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin, Haj-Mirzaian, Arya, Hall, Brian J., Halvaei, Iman, Hamadeh, Randah R., Hamidi, Samer, Hammer, Melanie S., Hankey, Graeme J., Haririan, Hamidreza, Haro, Josep Maria, Hasaballah, Ahmed I., Hasan, Md Mehedi, Hasanpoor, Edris, Hashi, Abdiwahab, Hassanipour, Soheil, Hassankhani, Hadi, Havmoeller, Rasmus J., Hay, Simon I., Hayat, Khezar, Heidari, Golnaz, Heidari-Soureshjani, Reza, Henrikson, Hannah J., Herbert, Molly E., Herteliu, Claudiu, Heydarpour, Fatemeh, Hird, Thomas R., Hoek, Hans W., Holla, Ramesh, Hoogar, Praveen, Hosgood, H. Dean, Hossain, Naznin, Hosseini, Mostafa, Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi, Hostiuc, Mihaela, Hostiuc, Sorin, Househ, Mowafa, Hsairi, Mohamed, Hsieh, Vivian Chia rong, Hu, Guoqing, Hu, Kejia, Huda, Tanvir M., Humayun, Ayesha, Huynh, Chantal K., Hwang, Bing Fang, Iannucci, Vincent C., Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel, Ikeda, Nayu, Ikuta, Kevin S., Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen, Ilic, Irena M., Ilic, Milena D., Inbaraj, Leeberk Raja, Ippolito, Helen, Iqbal, Usman, Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi, Irvine, Caleb Mackay Salpeter, Islam, M. Mofizul, Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful, Iso, Hiroyasu, Ivers, Rebecca Q., Iwu, Chidozie C.D., Iwu, Chinwe Juliana, Iyamu, Ihoghosa Osamuyi, Jaafari, Jalil, Jacobsen, Kathryn H., Jafari, Hussain, Jafarinia, Morteza, Jahani, Mohammad Ali, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo, Jalilian, Farzad, James, Spencer L., Janjani, Hosna, Javaheri, Tahereh, Javidnia, Javad, Jeemon, Panniyammakal, Jenabi, Ensiyeh, Jha, Ravi Prakash, Jha, Vivekanand, Ji, John S., Johansson, Lars, John, Oommen, John-Akinola, Yetunde O., Johnson, Catherine Owens, Jonas, Jost B., Joukar, Farahnaz, Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy, Jürisson, Mikk, Kabir, Ali, Kabir, Zubair, Kalani, Hamed, Kalani, Rizwan, Kalankesh, Leila R., Kalhor, Rohollah, Kanchan, Tanuj, Kapoor, Neeti, Karami Matin, Behzad, Karch, André, Karim, Mohd Anisul, Kassa, Getachew Mullu, Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal, Kayode, Gbenga A., Kazemi Karyani, Ali, Keiyoro, Peter Njenga, Keller, Cathleen, Kemmer, Laura, Kendrick, Parkes J., Khalid, Nauman, Khammarnia, Mohammad, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khan, Maseer, Khatab, Khaled, Khater, Mona M., Khatib, Mahalaqua Nazli, Khayamzadeh, Maryam, Khazaei, Salman, Kieling, Christian, Kim, Yun Jin, Kimokoti, Ruth W., Kisa, Adnan, Kisa, Sezer, Kivimäki, Mika, Knibbs, Luke D., Knudsen, Ann Kristin Skrindo, Kocarnik, Jonathan M., Kochhar, Sonali, Kopec, Jacek A., Korshunov, Vladimir Andreevich, Koul, Parvaiz A., Koyanagi, Ai, Kraemer, Moritz U.G., Krishan, Kewal, Krohn, Kris J., Kromhout, Hans, Kuate Defo, Barthelemy, Kumar, G. Anil, Kumar, Vivek, Kurmi, Om P., Kusuma, Dian, La Vecchia, Carlo, Lacey, Ben, Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, Lalloo, Ratilal, Lallukka, Tea, Lami, Faris Hasan, Landires, Iván, Lang, Justin J., Langan, Sinéad M., Larsson, Anders O., Lasrado, Savita, Lauriola, Paolo, Lazarus, Jeffrey V., Lee, Paul H., Lee, Shaun Wen Huey, LeGrand, Kate E., Leigh, James, Leonardi, Matilde, Lescinsky, Haley, Leung, Janni, Levi, Miriam, Li, Shanshan, Lim, Lee Ling, Linn, Shai, Liu, Shiwei, Liu, Simin, Liu, Yang, Lo, Justin, Lopez, Alan D., Lopez, Jaifred Christian F., Lopukhov, Platon D., Lorkowski, Stefan, Lotufo, Paulo A., Lu, Alton, Lugo, Alessandra, Maddison, Emilie R., Mahasha, Phetole Walter, Mahdavi, Mokhtar Mahdavi, Mahmoudi, Morteza, Majeed, Azeem, Maleki, Afshin, Maleki, Shokofeh, Malekzadeh, Reza, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, Mamun, Abdullah A., Manda, Ana Laura, Manguerra, Helena, Mansour-Ghanaei, Fariborz, Mansouri, Borhan, Mansournia, Mohammad Ali, Mantilla Herrera, Ana M., Maravilla, Joemer C., Marks, Ashley, Martin, Randall V., Martini, Santi, Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlândio, Masaka, Anthony, Masoumi, Seyedeh Zahra, Mathur, Manu Raj, Matsushita, Kunihiro, Maulik, Pallab K., McAlinden, Colm, McGrath, John J., McKee, Martin, Mehndiratta, Man Mohan, Mehri, Fereshteh, Mehta, Kala M., Memish, Ziad A., Mendoza, Walter, Menezes, Ritesh G., Mengesha, Endalkachew Worku, Mereke, Alibek, Mereta, Seid Tiku, Meretoja, Atte, Meretoja, Tuomo J., Mestrovic, Tomislav, Miazgowski, Bartosz, Miazgowski, Tomasz, Michalek, Irmina Maria, Miller, Ted R., Mills, Edward J., Mini, G. K., Miri, Mohammad, Mirica, Andreea, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M., Mirzaei, Hamed, Mirzaei, Maryam, Mirzaei, Roya, Mirzaei-Alavijeh, Mehdi, Misganaw, Awoke Temesgen, Mithra, Prasanna, Moazen, Babak, Mohammad, Dara K., Mohammad, Yousef, Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, Naser, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah, Mohammadifard, Noushin, Mohammadpourhodki, Reza, Mohammed, Ammas Siraj, Mohammed, Hussen, Mohammed, Jemal Abdu, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mokdad, Ali H., Molokhia, Mariam, Monasta, Lorenzo, Mooney, Meghan D., Moradi, Ghobad, Moradi, Masoud, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Moradzadeh, Rahmatollah, Moraga, Paula, Morawska, Lidia, Morgado-da-Costa, Joana, Morrison, Shane Douglas, Mosapour, Abbas, Mosser, Jonathan F., Mouodi, Simin, Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam, Mousavi Khaneghah, Amin, Mueller, Ulrich Otto, Mukhopadhyay, Satinath, Mullany, Erin C., Musa, Kamarul Imran, Muthupandian, Saravanan, Nabhan, Ashraf F., Naderi, Mehdi, Nagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman, Nagel, Gabriele, Naghavi, Mohsen, Naghshtabrizi, Behshad, Naimzada, Mukhammad David, Najafi, Farid, Nangia, Vinay, Nansseu, Jobert Richie, Naserbakht, Morteza, Nayak, Vinod C., Negoi, Ionut, Ngunjiri, Josephine W., Nguyen, Cuong Tat, Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi, Nguyen, Minh, Nigatu, Yeshambel T., Nikbakhsh, Rajan, Nixon, Molly R., Nnaji, Chukwudi A., Nomura, Shuhei, Norrving, Bo, Noubiap, Jean Jacques, Nowak, Christoph, Nunez-Samudio, Virginia, Oţoiu, Adrian, Oancea, Bogdan, Odell, Christopher M., Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Oh, In Hwan, Okunga, Emmanuel Wandera, Oladnabi, Morteza, Olagunju, Andrew T., Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun, Omer, Muktar Omer, Ong, Kanyin L., Onwujekwe, Obinna E., Orpana, Heather M., Ortiz, Alberto, Osarenotor, Osayomwanbo, Osei, Frank B., Ostroff, Samuel M., Otstavnov, Nikita, Otstavnov, Stanislav S., Øverland, Simon, Owolabi, Mayowa O., P A, Mahesh, Padubidri, Jagadish Rao, Palladino, Raffaele, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Pandey, Anamika, Parry, Charles D.H., Pasovic, Maja, Pasupula, Deepak Kumar, Patel, Sangram Kishor, Pathak, Mona, Patten, Scott B., Patton, George C., Pazoki Toroudi, Hamidreza, Peden, Amy E., Pennini, Alyssa, Pepito, Veincent Christian Filipino, Peprah, Emmanuel K., Pereira, David M., Pesudovs, Konrad, Pham, Hai Quang, Phillips, Michael R., Piccinelli, Cristiano, Pilz, Tessa M., Piradov, Michael A., Pirsaheb, Meghdad, Plass, Dietrich, Polinder, Suzanne, Polkinghorne, Kevan R., Pond, Constance Dimity, Postma, Maarten J., Pourjafar, Hadi, Pourmalek, Farshad, Poznańska, Anna, Prada, Sergio I., Prakash, V., Pribadi, Dimas Ria Angga, Pupillo, Elisabetta, Quazi Syed, Zahiruddin, Rabiee, Mohammad, Rabiee, Navid, Radfar, Amir, Rafiee, Ata, Raggi, Alberto, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, Rajabpour-Sanati, Ali, Rajati, Fatemeh, Rakovac, Ivo, Ram, Pradhum, Ramezanzadeh, Kiana, Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal, Rao, Puja C., Rao, Sowmya J., Rashedi, Vahid, Rathi, Priya, Rawaf, David Laith, Rawaf, Salman, Rawal, Lal, Rawassizadeh, Reza, Rawat, Ramu, Razo, Christian, Redford, Sofia Boston, Reiner, Robert C., Reitsma, Marissa Bettay, Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Renjith, Vishnu, Renzaho, Andre M.N., Resnikoff, Serge, Rezaei, Negar, Rezaei, Nima, Rezapour, Aziz, Rhinehart, Phoebe Anne, Riahi, Seyed Mohammad, Ribeiro, Daniel Cury, Ribeiro, Daniela, Rickard, Jennifer, Rivera, Juan A., Roberts, Nicholas L.S., Rodríguez-Ramírez, Sonia, Roever, Leonardo, Ronfani, Luca, Room, Robin, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Roth, Gregory A., Rothenbacher, Dietrich, Rubagotti, Enrico, Rwegerera, Godfrey M., Sabour, Siamak, Sachdev, Perminder S., Saddik, Basema, Sadeghi, Ehsan, Sadeghi, Masoumeh, Saeedi, Reza, Saeedi Moghaddam, Sahar, Safari, Yahya, Safi, Sare, Safiri, Saeid, Sagar, Rajesh, Sahebkar, Amirhossein, Sajadi, S. Mohammad, Salam, Nasir, Salamati, Payman, Salem, Hosni, Salem, Marwa R.Rashad, Salimzadeh, Hamideh, Salman, Omar Mukhtar, Salomon, Joshua A., Samad, Zainab, Samadi Kafil, Hossein, Sambala, Evanson Zondani, Samy, Abdallah M., Sanabria, Juan, Sánchez-Pimienta, Tania G., Santomauro, Damian Francesco, Santos, Itamar S., Santos, João Vasco, Santric-Milicevic, Milena M., Saraswathy, Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer, Sarmiento-Suárez, Rodrigo, Sarrafzadegan, Nizal, Sartorius, Benn, Sarveazad, Arash, Sathian, Brijesh, Sathish, Thirunavukkarasu, Sattin, Davide, Saxena, Sonia, Schaeffer, Lauren E., Schiavolin, Silvia, Schlaich, Markus P., Schmidt, Maria Inês, Schutte, Aletta Elisabeth, Schwebel, David C., Schwendicke, Falk, Senbeta, Anbissa Muleta, Senthilkumaran, Subramanian, Sepanlou, Sadaf G., Serdar, Berrin, Serre, Marc L., Shadid, Jamileh, Shafaat, Omid, Shahabi, Saeed, Shaheen, Amira A., Shaikh, Masood Ali, Shalash, Ali S., Shams-Beyranvand, Mehran, Shamsizadeh, Morteza, Sharafi, Kiomars, Sheikh, Aziz, Sheikhtaheri, Abbas, Shibuya, Kenji, Shield, Kevin David, Shigematsu, Mika, Shin, Jae Il, Shin, Min Jeong, Shiri, Rahman, Shirkoohi, Reza, Shuval, Kerem, Siabani, Soraya, Sierpinski, Radoslaw, Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora, Sigurvinsdottir, Rannveig, Silva, João Pedro, Simpson, Kyle E., Singh, Jasvinder A., Singh, Pushpendra, Skiadaresi, Eirini, Skou, Søren T.Skou, Skryabin, Valentin Yurievich, Smith, Emma U.R., Soheili, Amin, Soltani, Shahin, Soofi, Moslem, Sorensen, Reed J.D., Soriano, Joan B., Sorrie, Muluken Bekele, Soshnikov, Sergey, Soyiri, Ireneous N., Spencer, Cory N., Spotin, Adel, Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T., Srinivasan, Vinay, Stanaway, Jeffrey D., Stein, Caroline, Stein, Dan J., Steiner, Caitlyn, Stockfelt, Leo, Stokes, Mark A., Straif, Kurt, Stubbs, Jacob L., Sufiyan, Mu'awiyyah Babale, Suleria, Hafiz Ansar Rasul, Suliankatchi Abdulkader, Rizwan, Sulo, Gerhard, Sultan, Iyad, Szumowski, Łukasz, Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael, Tabb, Karen M., Tabuchi, Takahiro, Taherkhani, Amir, Tajdini, Masih, Takahashi, Ken, Takala, Jukka S., Tamiru, Animut Tagele, Taveira, Nuno, Tehrani-Banihashemi, Arash, Temsah, Mohamad Hani, Tesema, Getayeneh Antehunegn, Tessema, Zemenu Tadesse, Thurston, George D., Titova, Mariya Vladimirovna, Tohidinik, Hamid Reza, Tonelli, Marcello, Topor-Madry, Roman, Topouzis, Fotis, Torre, Anna E., Touvier, Mathilde, Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto Roberto, Tran, Bach Xuan, Travillian, Ravensara, Tsatsakis, Aristidis, Tudor Car, Lorainne, Tyrovolas, Stefanos, Uddin, Riaz, Umeokonkwo, Chukwuma David, Unnikrishnan, Bhaskaran, Upadhyay, Era, Vacante, Marco, Valdez, Pascual R., van Donkelaar, Aaron, Vasankari, Tommi Juhani, Vasseghian, Yasser, Veisani, Yousef, Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy, Violante, Francesco S., Vlassov, Vasily, Vollset, Stein Emil, Vos, Theo, Vukovic, Rade, Waheed, Yasir, Wallin, Mitchell Taylor, Wang, Yafeng, Wang, Yuan Pang, Watson, Alexandrea, Wei, Jingkai, Wei, Melissa Y.Wei, Weintraub, Robert G., Weiss, Jordan, Werdecker, Andrea, West, J. Jason, Westerman, Ronny, Whisnant, Joanna L., Whiteford, Harvey A., Wiens, Kirsten E., Wolfe, Charles D.A., Wozniak, Sarah S., Wu, Ai Min, Wu, Junjie, Wulf Hanson, Sarah, Xu, Gelin, Xu, Rixing, Yadgir, Simon, Yahyazadeh Jabbari, Seyed Hossein, Yamagishi, Kazumasa, Yaminfirooz, Mousa, Yano, Yuichiro, Yaya, Sanni, Yazdi-Feyzabadi, Vahid, Yeheyis, Tomas Y., Yilgwan, Christopher Sabo, Yilma, Mekdes Tigistu, Yip, Paul, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Younis, Mustafa Z., Younker, Theodore Patrick, Yousefi, Bahman, Yousefi, Zabihollah, Yousefinezhadi, Taraneh, Yousuf, Abdilahi Yousuf, Yu, Chuanhua, Yusefzadeh, Hasan, Zahirian Moghadam, Telma, Zamani, Mohammad, Zamanian, Maryam, Zandian, Hamed, Zastrozhin, Mikhail Sergeevich, Zhang, Yunquan, Zhang, Zhi Jiang, Zhao, Jeff T., Zhao, Xiu Ju George, Zhao, Yingxi, Zhou, Maigeng, Ziapour, Arash, Zimsen, Stephanie R.M., Brauer, Michael, Afshin, Ashkan, and Lim, Stephen S.
Published: 2020

14. Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author: Abbafati, Cristiana, Abbas, Kaja M., Abbasi, Mohammad, Abbasifard, Mitra, Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen, Abbastabar, Hedayat, Abd-Allah, Foad, Abdelalim, Ahmed, Abdollahi, Mohammad, Abdollahpour, Ibrahim, Abedi, Aidin, Abedi, Parisa, Abegaz, Kedir Hussein, Abolhassani, Hassan, Abosetugn, Akine Eshete, Aboyans, Victor, Abrams, Elissa M., Abreu, Lucas Guimaraes, Abrigo, Michael R. M., Abu Haimed, Abdulaziz Khalid, Abualhasan, Ahmed, Abu-Gharbieh, Eman, Abu-Raddad, Laith Jamal, Abushouk, Abdelrahman I., Acebedo, Alyssa, Ackerman, Ilana N., Adabi, Maryam, Adair, Tim, Adamu, Abdu A., Adebayo, Oladimeji M., Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi, Adekanmbi, Victor, Adelson, Jaimie D., Adeoye, Abiodun Moshood, Adetokunboh, Olatunji O., Adham, Davoud, Advani, Shailesh M., Afarideh, Mohsen, Afshari, Mahdi, Afshin, Ashkan, Agardh, Emilie E., Agarwal, Gina, Agasthi, Pradyumna, Agesa, Kareha M., Aghaali, Mohammad, Aghamir, Seyed Mohammad Kazem, Agrawal, Anurag, Ahmad, Tauseef, Ahmadi, Alireza, Ahmadi, Keivan, Ahmadi, Mehdi, Ahmadieh, Hamid, Ahmadpour, Ehsan, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Aji, Budi, Akalu, Temesgen Yihunie, Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola, Akinyemiju, Tomi, Akombi, Blessing, Akunna, Chisom Joyqueenet, Alahdab, Fares, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alam, Khurshid, Alam, Noore, Alam, Samiah, Alam, Tahiya, Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour, Alanzi, Turki M., Albertson, Samuel B., Alcalde-Rabanal, Jacqueline Elizabeth, Alema, Niguse Meles, Alemu, Biresaw Wassihun, Alemu, Yihun Mulugeta, Alhabib, Khalid F., Alhassan, Robert Kaba, Ali, Muhammad, Ali, Saqib, Alicandro, Gianfranco, Alijanzadeh, Mehran, Alinia, Cyrus, Alipour, Vahid, Alizade, Hesam, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, Alla, Francois, Allebeck, Peter, Almadi, Majid Abdulrahman Hamad, Almasi, Ali, Almasi-Hashiani, Amir, Almasri, Nihad A., Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M., Almulhim, Abdulaziz M., Alonso, Jordi, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M., Altirkawi, Khalid A., Alumran, Arwa Khalid, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Alvis-Zakzuk, Nelson J., Amare, Azmeraw T., Amare, Bekalu, Amini, Saeed, Amini-Rarani, Mostafa, Aminorroaya, Arya, Amiri, Fatemeh, Amit, Arianna Maever L., Amugsi, Dickson A., Amul, Gianna Gayle Herrera, Anbesu, Etsay Woldu, Ancuceanu, Robert, Anderlini, Deanna, Anderson, Jason A., Andrei, Catalina Liliana, Andrei, Tudorel, Androudi, Sofia, Angus, Colin, Anjomshoa, Mina, Ansari, Fereshteh, Ansari, Iman, Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza, Antonazzo, Ippazio Cosimo, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T., Antony, Catherine M., Antriyandarti, Ernoiz, Anvari, Davood, Anwer, Razique, Appiah, Seth Christopher Yaw, Arabloo, Jalal, Arab-Zozani, Morteza, Aravkin, Aleksandr Y., Arba, Aseb Arba Kinfe, Aremu, Olatunde, Ariani, Filippo, Aripov, Timur, Armoon, Bahram, Arnlov, Johan, Arowosegbe, Oluwaseyi Olalekan, Aryal, Krishna K., Arzani, Afsaneh, Asaad, Malke, Asadi-Aliabadi, Mehran, Asadi-Pooya, Ali A., Asgari, Samaneh, Asghari, Babak, Jafarabadi, Mohammad Asghari, Ashbaugh, Charlie, Assmus, Michael, Atafar, Zahra, Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin, Atnafu, Desta Debalkie, Atout, Maha Moh'd Wahbi, Atre, Sachin R., Atteraya, Madhu Sudhan, Ausloos, Floriane, Ausloos, Marcel, Avila-Burgos, Leticia, Avokpaho, Euripide Frinel Gbenato Arthur, Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayala, Ayano, Getinet, Ayanore, Martin Amogre, Aynalem, Getie Lake, Aynalem, Yared Asmare, Ayza, Muluken Altaye, Azari, Samad, Azarian, Ghasem, Azene, Zelalem Nigussie, Azhar, Gulrez, Azzopardi, Peter S., Darshan, B. B., Babaee, Ebrahim, Badawi, Alaa, Badiye, Ashish D., Bagherzadeh, Mojtaba, Bagli, Eleni, Bahrami, Mohammad Amin, Baig, Atif Amin, Bairwa, Mohan, Bakhshaei, Mohammad Hossein, Bakhtiari, Ahad, Bakkannavar, Shankar M., Balachandran, Arun, Balakrishnan, Senthilkumar, Balalla, Shivanthi, Balassyano, Shelly, Baldasseroni, Alberto, Ball, Kylie, Ballew, Shoshana H., Balzi, Daniela, Banach, Maciej, Banerjee, Srikanta K., Banik, Palash Chandra, Bannick, Marlena S., Bante, Agegnehu Bante, Bante, Simachew Animen, Baraki, Adhanom Gebreegziabher, Barboza, Miguel A., Barker-Collo, Suzanne Lyn, Barnighausen, Till Winfried, Barrero, Lope H., Barthelemy, Celine M., Barua, Lingkan, Barzegar, Akbar, Basaleem, Huda, Bassat, Quique, Basu, Sanjay, Baune, Bernhard T., Bayati, Mohsen, Baye, Bayisa Abdissa, Bazmandegan, Gholamreza, Becker, Jacob S., Bedi, Neeraj, Beghi, Ettore, Behzadifar, Masoud, Bejot, Yannick, Bekuma, Tariku Tesfaye Tesfaye, Bell, Michelle L., Bello, Aminu K., Bender, Rose G., Bennett, Derrick A., Bennitt, Fiona B., Bensenor, Isabela M., Benziger, Catherine P., Berhe, Kidanemaryam, Berman, Adam E., Bernabe, Eduardo, Bernstein, Robert S., Bertolacci, Gregory J., Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth, Bhageerathy, Reshmi, Bhala, Neeraj, Bhandari, Dinesh, Bhardwaj, Pankaj, Bhat, Anusha Ganapati, Bhattacharyya, Krittika, Bhattarai, Suraj, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A., Bibi, Sadia, Biehl, Molly H., Bijani, Ali, Bikbov, Boris, Bilano, Ver, Bin Sayeed, Muhammad Shahdaat, Biondi, Antonio, Birihane, Binyam Minuye, Bisanzio, Donal, Bisignano, Catherine, Biswas, Raaj Kishore, Bitew, Helen, Bjorge, Tone, Bockarie, Moses John, Bohlouli, Somayeh, Bohluli, Mehdi, Bojia, Hunduma Amensisa, Bolla, Srinivasa Rao, Boloor, Archith, Boon-Dooley, Alexandra S., Borges, Guilherme, Borzi, Antonio Maria, Borzouei, Shiva, Bose, Dipan, Bosetti, Cristina, Boufous, Soufiane, Bourne, Rupert, Brady, Oliver J., Braithwaite, Dejana, Brauer, Michael, Brayne, Carol, Breitborde, Nicholas J. K., Breitner, Susanne, Brenner, Hermann, Breusov, Alexey V., Briant, Paul Svitil, Briggs, Andrew M., Briko, Andrey Nikolaevich, Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich, Britton, Gabrielle B., Brugha, Traolach, Bryazka, Dana, Buchbinder, Rachelle, Bumgarner, Blair R., Burkart, Katrin, Burnett, Richard Thomas, Nagaraja, Sharath Burugina, Busse, Reinhard, Butt, Zahid A., Caetano dos Santos, Florentino Luciano, Cahill, Leah E., Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero, Cai, Tianji, Callender, Charlton S. K. H., Camera, Luis Alberto, Campos-Nonato, Ismael R., Rincon, Julio Cesar Campuzano, Cao, Jackie, Car, Josip, Cardenas, Rosario, Carreras, Giulia, Carrero, Juan J., Carvalho, Felix, Castaldelli-Maia, Joao Mauricio, Castaneda-Orjuela, Carlos A., Castelpietra, Giulio, Castle, Chris D., Castro, Emma, Castro, Franz, Catala-Lopez, Ferran, Causey, Kate, Cederroth, Christopher R., Cercy, Kelly M., Cerin, Ester, Chalek, Julian, Chandan, Joht Singh, Chang, Alex R., Chang, Angela Y., Chang, Jung-Chen, Chang, Kai-Lan, Charan, Jaykaran, Charlson, Fiona J., Chattu, Vijay Kumar, Chaturvedi, Sarika, Cherbuin, Nicolas, Chimed-Ochir, Odgerel, Chin, Ken Lee, Chirinos-Caceres, Jesus Lorenzo, Cho, Daniel Youngwhan, Choi, Jee-Young Jasmine, Christensen, Hanne, Chu, Dinh-Toi, Chung, Michael T., Chung, Sheng-Chia, Cicuttini, Flavia M., Ciobanu, Liliana G., Cirillo, Massimo, Cislaghi, Beniamino, Classen, Thomas Khaled Dwayne, Cohen, Aaron J., Collins, Emma L., Comfort, Haley, Compton, Kelly, Conti, Sara, Cooper, Owen R., Corso, Barbara, Cortesi, Paolo Angelo, Costa, Vera Marisa, Cousin, Ewerton, Cowden, Richard G., Cowie, Benjamin C., Cromwell, Elizabeth A., Croneberger, Andrew J., Cross, Di H., Cross, Marita, Crowe, Christopher Stephen, Cruz, Jessica A., Cummins, Steven, Cunningham, Matthew, Dahlawi, Saad M. A., Dai, Haijiang, Dai, Hancheng, Damasceno, Albertino Antonio Moura, Damiani, Giovanni, D'Amico, Emanuele, Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, Daneshpajouhnejad, Parnaz, Dangel, William James, Danielsson, Anna-Karin, Gela, Jiregna Darega, Dargan, Paul I., Darwesh, Aso Mohammad, Daryani, Ahmad, Das, Jai K., Das Gupta, Rajat, Das Neves, Jose, Dash, Aditya Prasad, Davey, Gail, Davila-Cervantes, Claudio Alberto, Davis, Adrian C., Davitoiu, Dragos Virgil, Davletov, Kairat, De Leo, Diego, De Neve, Jan-Walter, Dean, Frances E., DeCleene, Nicole K., Deen, Amanda, Degenhardt, Louisa, DeLang, Marissa, Dellavalle, Robert Paul, Demeke, Feleke Mekonnen, Demoz, Gebre Teklemariam, Demsie, Desalegn Getnet, Denova-Gutierrez, Edgar, Dereje, Nebiyu Dereje, Deribe, Kebede, Dervenis, Nikolaos, Desai, Rupak, Desalew, Assefa, Dessie, Getenet Ayalew, Deuba, Keshab, Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda, Dhungana, Govinda Prasad, Dianatinasab, Mostafa, da Silva, Diana Dias, Diaz, Daniel, Forooshani, Zahra Sadat Dibaji, Dichgans, Martin, Didarloo, Alireza, Dingels, Zachary V., Dippenaar, Ilse N., Dirac, M. Ashworth, Djalalinia, Shirin, Do, Hoa Thi, Dokova, Klara, Doku, David Teye, Dolecek, Christiane, Dolgert, Andrew J., Dorostkar, Fariba, Doshi, Chirag P., Doshi, Pratik P., Doshmangir, Leila, Douiri, Abdel, Doxey, Matthew C., Doyle, Kerrie E., Driscoll, Tim Robert, Dubljanin, Eleonora, Dunachie, Susanna J., Duncan, Bruce B., Duraes, Andre Rodrigues, Eagan, Arielle Wilder, Ebrahimi, Hedyeh, Kalan, Mohammad Ebrahimi, Edvardsson, David, Effiong, Andem, Ehrlich, Joshua R., El Nahas, Nevine, El Sayed, Iman, Zaki, Maysaa El Sayed, El Tantawi, Maha, Elbarazi, Iffat, Elgendy, Islam Y., Elhabashy, Hala Rashad, El-Jaafary, Shaimaa I., Elsharkawy, Aisha, Elyazar, Iqbal R. F., Emamian, Mohammad Hassan, Emmons-Bell, Sophia, Erskine, Holly E., Eshrati, Babak, Eskandari, Khalil, Eskandarieh, Sharareh, Esmaeilnejad, Saman, Esmaeilzadeh, Firooz, Esteghamati, Alireza, Esteghamati, Sadaf, Estep, Kara, Etemadi, Arash, Etisso, Atkilt Esaiyas, Ezekannagha, Oluchi, Fanzo, Jessica, Farag, Tamer, Farahmand, Mohammad, Faraj, Anwar, Faraon, Emerito Jose A., Fareed, Mohammad, Faridnia, Roghiyeh, Farinha, Carla Sofia e Sa, Farioli, Andrea, Faris, Pawan Sirwan, Faro, Andre, Faruque, Mithila, Farzadfar, Farshad, Fattahi, Nazir, Fazaeli, Ali Akbar, Fazlzadeh, Mehdi, Feigin, Valery L., Feldman, Rachel, Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, Fernandes, Eduarda, Ferrara, Giannina, Ferrara, Pietro, Ferrari, Alize J., Ferreira, Manuela L., Feyissa, Garumma Tolu, Filip, Irina, Fischer, Florian, Fisher, James L., Fitzgerald, Ryan, Flohr, Carsten, Flor, Luisa Sorio, Foigt, Nataliya A., Folayan, Morenike Oluwatoyin, Fomenkov, Artem Alekseevich, Force, Lisa M., Fornari, Carla, Foroutan, Masoud, Fox, Jack T., Francis, Joel Msafiri, Frank, Tahvi D., Franklin, Richard Charles, Freitas, Marisa, Fu, Weijia, Fukumoto, Takeshi, Fukutaki, Kai, Fuller, John E., Fullman, Nancy, Furtado, Joao M., Gad, Mohamed M., Gaidhane, Abhay Motiramji, Gakidou, Emmanuela, Galles, Natalie C., Gallus, Silvano, Gamkrelidze, Amiran, Garcia-Basteiro, Alberto L., Gardner, William M., Geberemariyam, Biniyam Sahiledengle, Gebrehiwot, Abiyu Mekonnen, Gebremedhin, Ketema Bizuwork, Gebremeskel, Gebreamlak Gebremedhn, Gebremeskel, Leake G., Gebresillassie, Begashaw Melaku, Gebreslassie, Assefa Ayalew Ayalew Ayalew, Geramo, Yilma Chisha Dea, Geremew, Abraham, Hayoon, Anna Gershberg, Gesesew, Hailay Abrha, Gething, Peter W., Gezae, Kebede Embaye, Ghadimi, Maryam, Ghadiri, Keyghobad, Ghaffarifar, Fatemeh, Ghafourifard, Mansour, Ghajar, Alireza, Ghamari, Farhad, Ghashghaee, Ahmad, Ghiasvand, Hesam, Ghith, Nermin, Gholamian, Asadollah, Ghosh, Rakesh, Giampaoli, Simona, Gilani, Syed Amir, Gill, Paramjit Singh, Gill, Tiffany K., Gillum, Richard F., Ginawi, Ibrahim Abdelmageed, Ginindza, Themba G., Gitimoghaddam, Mojgan, Giussani, Giorgia, Glagn, Mustefa, Glushkova, Ekaterina Vladimirovna, Gnedovskaya, Elena V., Godinho, Myron Anthony, Goharinezhad, Salime, Golechha, Mahaveer, Goli, Srinivas, Gomez, Ricardo Santiago, Gona, Philimon N., Gopalani, Sameer Vali, Goren, Emily, Gorini, Giuseppe, Gorman, Taren M., Gottlich, Harrison Chase, Goudarzi, Houman, Goudarzian, Amir Hossein, Goulart, Alessandra C., Goulart, Barbara Niegia Garcia, Grada, Ayman, Greaves, Felix, Grivna, Michal, Grosso, Giuseppe, Gubari, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen, Gudi, Nachiket, Gugnani, Harish Chander, Guimaraes, Andre Luiz Sena, Guimaraes, Rafael Alves, Guled, Rashid Abdi, Gultie, Teklemariam, Guo, Gaorui, Guo, Yuming, Gupta, Rahul, Gupta, Rajeev, Sharan, Subodh, Gupta, Tarun, Haagsma, Juanita A., Hachinski, Vladimir, Haddock, Beatrix, Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, Hafiz, Abdul, Hagins, Hailey, Haile, Lydia M., Haile, Teklehaimanot Gereziher, Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin, Haj-Mirzaian, Arya, Hall, Brian J., Halvaei, Iman, Hamadeh, Randah R., Abdullah, Kanaan Hamagharib, Hameed, Sajid, Hamidi, Samer, Hamilton, Erin B., Hammer, Melanie S., Han, Chieh, Han, Hannah, Handiso, Demelash Woldeyohannes, Hanif, Asif, Hankey, Graeme J., Haririan, Hamidreza, Haro, Josep Maria, Harvey, James D., Hasaballah, Ahmed I., Hasan, Md Mehedi, Hasanpoor, Edris, Hasanzadeh, Amir, Hashemian, Maryam, Hashi, Abdiwahab, Hassan, Amr, Hassan, Shoaib, Hassanipour, Soheil, Hassankhani, Hadi, Havmoeller, Rasmus J., Hay, Roderick J., Hay, Simon I., Hayat, Khezar, Heibati, Behzad, Heidari, Behnam, Heidari, Golnaz, Heidari-Soureshjani, Reza, Hendrie, Delia, Henny, Kiana, Henok, Andualem, Henrikson, Hannah J., Henry, Nathaniel J., Herbert, Molly E., Herteliu, Claudiu, Heydarpour, Fatemeh, Hird, Thomas R., Ho, Hung Chak, Hoek, Hans W., Hole, Michael K., Holla, Ramesh, Hollingsworth, Bruce, Hoogar, Praveen, Hopf, Kathleen Pillsbury, Horita, Nobuyuki, Hosgood, H. Dean, Hossain, Naznin, Hosseini, Mostafa, Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi, Hostiuc, Mihaela, Hostiuc, Sorin, Househ, Mowafa, Hoy, Damian G., Hsairi, Mohamed, Hsiao, Thomas, Hsieh, Vivian Chia-Rong, Hu, Guoqing, Hu, Kejia, Huda, Tanvir M., Hugo, Fernando N., Humayun, Ayesha, Hussain, Rabia, Huynh, Chantal K., Hwang, Bing-Fang, Iannucci, Vincent C., Iavicoli, Ivo, Ibeneme, Charles Ugochukwu, Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel, Ikeda, Nayu, Ikuta, Kevin S., Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen, Ilic, Irena M., Ilic, Milena D., Imani-Nasab, Mohammad Hasan, Inbaraj, Leeberk Raja, Ippolito, Helen, Iqbal, Usman, Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi, Irvine, Caleb Mackay Salpeter, Islam, M. Mofizul, Islam, MdMohaimenul, Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful, Islami, Farhad, Iso, Hiroyasu, Ivers, Rebecca Q., Iwu, Chidozie C. D., Iwu, Chinwe Juliana, Iyamu, Ihoghosa Osamuyi, Jaafari, Jalil, Jacobsen, Kathryn H., Jadidi-Niaragh, Farhad, Jafari, Hussain, Jafarinia, Morteza, Jahagirdar, Deepa, Jahani, Mohammad Ali, Jahanmehr, Nader, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo, Jalali, Amir, Jalilian, Farzad, James, Spencer L., Janjani, Hosna, Janodia, Manthan Dilipkumar, Javaheri, Tahereh, Javidnia, Javad, Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra, Jeemon, Panniyammakal, Jenabi, Ensiyeh, Jha, Ravi Prakash, Jha, Vivekanand, Ji, John S., Jia, Peng, Johansson, Lars, John, Oommen, John-Akinola, Yetunde O., Johnson, Catherine Owens, Johnson, Sarah Charlotte, Jonas, Jost B., Joo, Tamas, Joshi, Ankur, Joukar, Farahnaz, Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy, Jurisson, Mikk, Kabir, Ali, Kabir, Zubair, Kalani, Hamed, Kalani, Rizwan, Kalankesh, Leila R., Kalhor, Rohollah, Kamath, Aruna M., Kamiab, Zahra, Kanchan, Tanuj, Kapoor, Neeti, Matin, Behzad Karami, Karanikolos, Marina, Karch, Andre, Karim, Mohd Anisul, Karimi, Salah Eddin, Karimi, Seyed Asaad, Karimi, Seyed M., Kasa, Ayele Semachew, Kassa, Getachew Mullu, Kassebaum, Nicholas J., Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal, Kawakami, Norito, Kayode, Gbenga A., Karyani, Ali Kazemi, Keddie, Suzanne H., Keiyoro, Peter Njenga, Keller, Cathleen, Kemmer, Laura, Kendrick, Parkes J., Kereselidze, Maia, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khafaie, Morteza Abdullatif, Khalid, Nauman, Khammarnia, Mohammad, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khan, Gulfaraz, Khan, Maseer, Khang, Young-Ho, Khatab, Khaled, Khater, Amir M., Khater, Mona M., Khatib, Mahalaqua Nazli, Khayamzadeh, Maryam, Khazaei, Salman, Khazaie, Habibolah, Khodayari, Mohammad Taghi, Khoja, Abdullah T., Khubchandani, Jagdish, Khundkar, Roba, Kianipour, Neda, Kieling, Christian, Kim, Cho-Il, Kim, Daniel, Kim, Young-Eun, Kim, Yun Jin, Kimokoti, Ruth W., Kinfu, Yohannes, Kisa, Adnan, Kisa, Sezer, Kissimova-Skarbek, Katarzyna, Kissoon, Niranjan, Kivimaki, Mika, Kneib, Cameron J., Knibbs, Luke D., Knight, Megan, Knudsen, Ann Kristin Skrindo, Kocarnik, Jonathan M., Kochhar, Sonali, Koh, David S. Q., Kohler, Stefan, Kolola, Tufa, Komaki, Hamidreza, Kopec, Jacek A., Korotkova, Anna V., Korshunov, Vladimir Andreevich, Kosen, Soewarta, Kotlo, Anirudh, Koul, Parvaiz A., Koyanagi, Ai, Kraemer, Moritz U. G., Kravchenko, Michael A., Krishan, Kewal, Krohn, Kris J., Kromhout, Hans, Shaji, K. S., Defo, Barthelemy Kuate, Bicer, Burcu Kucuk, Kugbey, Nuworza, Kulkarni, Vaman, Kumar, G. Anil, Kumar, Manasi, Kumar, Nithin, Kumar, Pushpendra, Kumar, Vivek, Kumaresh, Girikumar, Kurmi, Om P., Kusuma, Dian, Kyu, Hmwe Hmwe, La Vecchia, Carlo, Lacey, Ben, Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, Lalloo, Ratilal, Lallukka, Tea, Lam, Jennifer O., Lami, Faris Hasan, Lan, Qing, Landires, Ivan, Lang, Justin J., Langan, Sinead M., Lansingh, Van Charles, Lansky, Sonia, Larson, Heidi Jane, Larson, Samantha Leigh, Larsson, Anders, Lasrado, Savita, Lassi, Zohra S., Lau, Kathryn Mei-Ming, Lauriola, Paolo, Lavados, Pablo M., Lazarus, Jeffrey V., Leal, Lisiane F., Leasher, Janet L., Ledesma, Jorge R., Lee, Paul H., Lee, Shaun Wen Huey, Leever, Andrew T., LeGrand, Kate E., Leigh, James, Leonardi, Matilde, Lescinsky, Haley, Leung, Janni, Levi, Miriam, Lewington, Sarah, Li, Bingyu, Li, Shanshan, Lim, Lee-Ling, Lin, Christine, Lin, Ro-Ting, Linehan, Christine, Linn, Shai, Listl, Stefan, Liu, Hung-Chun, Liu, Shiwei, Liu, Simin, Liu, Xuefeng, Liu, Yang, Liu, Zichen, Lo, Justin, Lodha, Rakesh, Logroscino, Giancarlo, Looker, Katharine J., Lopez, Alan D., Lopez, Jaifred Christian F., Lopukhov, Platon D., Lorkowski, Stefan, Lotufo, Paulo A., Lozano, Rafael, Lu, Alton, Lucas, Tim C. D., Lugo, Alessandra, Lunevicius, Raimundas, Lyons, Ronan A., Ma, Jianing, Machado, Daiane Borges, MacLachlan, Jennifer H., Madadin, Mohammed, Maddison, Emilie R., Maddison, Ralph, Madotto, Fabiana, Abd El Razek, Hassan Magdy, Abd El Razek, Muhammed Magdy, Mahasha, Phetole Walter, Mahdavi, Mokhtar Mahdavi, Mahmoudi, Morteza, Mai, Hue Thi, Majeed, Azeem, Malagon-Rojas, Jeadran N., Maled, Venkatesh, Maleki, Afshin, Maleki, Shokofeh, Malekzadeh, Reza, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, Mamun, Abdullah A., Manafi, Amir, Manafi, Navid, Manda, Ana Laura, Manguerra, Helena, Mansour-Ghanaei, Fariborz, Mansouri, Borhan, Mansournia, Mohammad Ali, Herrera, Ana M. Mantilla, Mapoma, Chabila Christopher, Maravilla, Joemer C., Marks, Ashley, Martin, Randall V., Martini, Santi, Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlandio, Martopullo, Ira, Masaka, Anthony, Masoumi, Seyedeh Zahra, Massano, Joao, Massenburg, Benjamin Ballard, Mastrogiacomo, Claudia I., Mathur, Manu Raj, Matsushita, Kunihiro, Maulik, Pallab K., May, Erin A., Mazidi, Mohsen, McAlinden, Colm, McGrath, John J., Mckee, Martin, Medina-Solis, Carlo Eduardo, Meharie, Birhanu Geta, Mehndiratta, Man Mohan, Nasab, Entezar Mehrabi, Mehri, Fereshteh, Mehrotra, Ravi, Mehta, Kala M., Meitei, Wahengbam Bigyananda, Mekonnen, Teferi, Melese, Addisu, Memiah, Peter T. N., Memish, Ziad A., Mendoza, Walter, Menezes, Ritesh G., Mengesha, Endalkachew Worku, Mengesha, Meresa Berwo, Mensah, George A., Mereke, Alibek, Mereta, Seid Tiku, Meretoja, Atte, Meretoja, Tuomo J., Mestrovic, Tomislav, Miazgowski, Bartosz, Miazgowski, Tomasz, Michalek, Irmina Maria, Mihretie, Kebadnew Mulatu, Miller, Ted R., Mills, Edward J., Milne, George J., Mini, G. K., Miri, Mohammad, Mirica, Andreea, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M., Mirzaei, Hamed, Mirzaei, Maryam, Mirzaei, Roya, Mirzaei-Alavijeh, Mehdi, Misganaw, Awoke Temesgen, Mitchell, Philip B., Mithra, Prasanna, Moazen, Babak, Moghadaszadeh, Masoud, Mohajer, Bahram, Mohamad, Osama, Mohamadi, Efat, Mohammad, Dara K., Mohammad, Yousef, Mezerji, Naser Mohammad Gholi, Mohammadbeigi, Abolfazl, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah, Mohammadifard, Noushin, Mohammadpourhodki, Reza, Mohammed, Ammas Siraj, Mohammed, Hussen, Mohammed, Jemal Abdu, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mohebi, Farnam, Bandpei, Mohammad A. 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H., Pasovic, Maja, Pasupula, Deepak Kumar, Patel, Jenil R., Patel, Sangram Kishor, Paternina-Caicedo, Angel J., Pathak, Ashish, Pathak, Mona, Patten, Scott B., Patton, George C., Paudel, Deepak, Paudel, Sagun, Paulson, Katherine R., Toroudi, Hamidreza Pazoki, Pease, Spencer A., Peden, Amy E., Pennini, Alyssa, Pepito, Veincent Christian Filipino, Peprah, Emmanuel K., Pereira, Alexandre, Pereira, David M., Pereira, Jeevan, Perico, Norberto, Pescarini, Julia Moreira, Pesudovs, Konrad, Pham, Hai Quang, Phillips, Michael R., Piccinelli, Cristiano, Pierce, Maxwell, Pigott, David M., Pilgrim, Thomas, Pilz, Tessa M., Pinheiro, Marina, Piradov, Michael A., Pirsaheb, Meghdad, Pishgar, Farhad, Plana-Ripoll, Oleguer, Plass, Dietrich, Pletcher, Martin, Pokhrel, Khem Narayan, Polibin, Roman V., Polinder, Suzanne, Polkinghorne, Kevan R., Pond, Constance Dimity, Postma, Maarten J., Pottoo, Faheem Hyder, Pourjafar, Hadi, Pourmalek, Farshad, Kalhori, Reza Pourmirza, Pourshams, Akram, Poznanska, Anna, Prada, Sergio I., Prakash, Sanjay, Prakash, V., Prasad, Narayan, Preotescu, Liliana, Pribadi, Dimas Ria Angga, Pupillo, Elisabetta, Quazi Syed, Zahiruddin, Rabiee, Mohammad, Rabiee, Navid, Radfar, Amir, Rafiee, Ata, Rafiei, Alireza, Raggi, Alberto, Rahim, Fakher, Rahimi-Movaghar, Afarin, Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, Rajabpour-Sanati, Ali, Rajati, Fatemeh, Rakovac, Ivo, Ram, Pradhum, Ramezanzadeh, Kiana, Rana, Saleem Muhammad, Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal, Ranta, Annemarei, Rao, Puja C., Rao, Sowmya J., Rasella, Davide, Rashedi, Vahid, Rastogi, Prateek, Rath, Goura Kishor, Rathi, Priya, Rawaf, David Laith, Rawaf, Salman, Rawal, Lal, Rawassizadeh, Reza, Rawat, Ramu, Razo, Christian, Boston, Sofia, Regassa, Lemma Demissie, Reiner, Robert C., Jr., Reinig, Nickolas, Reitsma, Marissa Bettay, Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Renjith, Vishnu, Renzaho, Andre M. N., Resnikoff, Serge, Rezaei, Negar, Rezaei, Nima, Rezai, Mohammad Sadegh, Rezapour, Aziz, Rhinehart, Phoebe-Anne, Riahi, Seyed Mohammad, Ribeiro, Antonio Luiz P., Ribeiro, Daniel Cury, Ribeiro, Daniela, Rickard, Jennifer, Rivera, Juan A., Robalik, Toshana, Roberts, Nicholas L. S., Roberts, Shaun, Robinson, Stephen R., Rodriguez-Ramirez, Sonia, Roever, Leonardo, Rolfe, Sam, Romoli, Michele, Ronfani, Luca, Room, Robin, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Rostamian, Morteza, Roth, Gregory A., Rothenbacher, Dietrich, Rubagotti, Enrico, Rumisha, Susan Fred, Rwegerera, Godfrey M., Saadatagah, Seyedmohammad, Sabour, Siamak, Sachdev, Perminder S., Saddik, Basema, Sadeghi, Ehsan, Sadeghi, Masoumeh, Saeedi, Reza, Moghaddam, Sahar Saeedi, Saeidi, Shahram, Safari, Yahya, Safi, Sare, Safiri, Saeid, Sagar, Rajesh, Sahebkar, Amirhossein, Sahraian, Mohammad Ali, Sajadi, S. Mohammad, Salahshoor, Mohammad Reza, Salam, Nasir, Salama, Joseph S., Salamati, Payman, Zahabi, Saleh Salehi, Salem, Hosni, Salem, Marwa R., Salimi, Yahya, Salimzadeh, Hamideh, Salman, Omar Mukhtar, Salomon, Joshua A., Salz, Inbal, Samad, Zainab, Kafil, Hossein Samadi, Sambala, Evanson Zondani, Samy, Abdallah M., Sanabria, Juan, Sanchez-Pimienta, Tania G., Santomauro, Damian Francesco, Santos, Itamar S., Santos, Joao Vasco, Santric-Milicevic, Milena M., Saraswathy, Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer, Sarmiento-Suarez, Rodrigo, Sarrafzadegan, Nizal, Sartorius, Benn, Sarveazad, Arash, Sathian, Brijesh, Sathish, Thirunavukkarasu, Sattin, Davide, Savic, Miloje, Sawyer, Susan M., Saxena, Deepak, Saxena, Sonia, Saylan, Mete, Sbarra, Alyssa N., Schaeffer, Lauren E., Schiavolin, Silvia, Schlaich, Markus P., Schmidt, Maria Ines, Schutte, Aletta Elisabeth, Schwebel, David C., Schwendicke, Falk, Seedat, Soraya, Sekerija, Mario, Senbeta, Anbissa Muleta, Senthilkumaran, Subramanian, Sepanlou, Sadaf G., Serdar, Berrin, Serre, Marc L., Servan-Mori, Edson, Sha, Feng, Shabani, Mahsima, Shackelford, Katya Anne, Shadid, Jamileh, Shafaat, Omid, Shahabi, Saeed, Shahbaz, Mohammad, Shaheen, Amira A., Shaikh, Masood Ali, Shalash, Ali S., Shams-Beyranvand, Mehran, Shamsi, MohammadBagher, Shamsizadeh, Morteza, Shannawaz, Mohammed, Sharafi, Kiomars, Sharafi, Zeinab, Sharara, Fablina, Sharifi, Hamid, Sharma, Rajesh, Shaw, David H., Sheena, Brittney S., Sheikh, Aziz, Sheikhtaheri, Abbas, Shetty, B. 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M., Zlavog, Bianca S., Zodpey, Sanjay, Lim, Stephen S., and Murray, Christopher J. L.
Abstract: In an era of shifting global agendas and expanded emphasis on non-communicable diseases and injuries along with communicable diseases, sound evidence on trends by cause at the national level is essential. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) provides a systematic scientific assessment of published, publicly available, and contributed data on incidence, prevalence, and mortality for a mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive list of diseases and injuries. Methods GBD estimates incidence, prevalence, mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) due to 369 diseases and injuries, for two sexes, and for 204 countries and territories. Input data were extracted from censuses, household surveys, civil registration and vital statistics, disease registries, health service use, air pollution monitors, satellite imaging, disease notifications, and other sources. Cause-specific death rates and cause fractions were calculated using the Cause of Death Ensemble model and spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression. Cause-specific deaths were adjusted to match the total all-cause deaths calculated as part of the GBD population, fertility, and mortality estimates. Deaths were multiplied by standard life expectancy at each age to calculate YLLs. A Bayesian meta-regression modelling tool, DisMod-MR 2.1, was used to ensure consistency between incidence, prevalence, remission, excess mortality, and cause-specific mortality for most causes. Prevalence estimates were multiplied by disability weights for mutually exclusive sequelae of diseases and injuries to calculate YLDs. We considered results in the context of the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator of income per capita, years of schooling, and fertility rate in females younger than 25 years. Uncertainty intervals (UIs) were generated for every metric using the 25th and 975th ordered 1000 draw values of the post
Published: 2020
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15. Measuring universal health coverage based on an index of effective coverage of health services in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019:a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author: Lozano, Rafael, Fullman, Nancy, Mumford, John Everett, Knight, Megan, Barthelemy, Celine M., Abbafati, Cristiana, Abbastabar, Hedayat, Abd-Allah, Foad, Abdollahi, Mohammad, Abedi, Aidin, Abolhassani, Hassan, Abosetugn, Akine Eshete, Abreu, Lucas Guimarães, Abrigo, Michael R.M., Abu Haimed, Abdulaziz Khalid, Abushouk, Abdelrahman I., Adabi, Maryam, Adebayo, Oladimeji M., Adekanmbi, Victor, Adelson, Jaimie, Adetokunboh, Olatunji O., Adham, Davoud, Advani, Shailesh M., Afshin, Ashkan, Agarwal, Gina, Agasthi, Pradyumna, Aghamir, Seyed Mohammad Kazem, Agrawal, Anurag, Ahmad, Tauseef, Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola, Alahdab, Fares, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alam, Khurshid, Albertson, Samuel B., Alemu, Yihun Mulugeta, Alhassan, Robert Kaba, Ali, Muhammad, Ali, Saqib, Alipour, Vahid, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, Alla, François, Almadi, Majid Abdulrahman Hamad, Almasi, Ali, Almasi-Hashiani, Amir, Almasri, Nihad A., Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M., Almulhim, Abdulaziz M., Alonso, Jordi, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M., Altirkawi, Khalid A., Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Alvis-Zakzuk, Nelson J., Amini, Saeed, Amini-Rarani, Mostafa, Amiri, Fatemeh, Amit, Arianna Maever L., Amugsi, Dickson A., Ancuceanu, Robert, Anderlini, Deanna, Andrei, Catalina Liliana, Androudi, Sofia, Ansari, Fereshteh, Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T., Antony, Catherine M., Antriyandarti, Ernoiz, Anvari, Davood, Anwer, Razique, Arabloo, Jalal, Arab-Zozani, Morteza, Aravkin, Aleksandr Y., Aremu, Olatunde, Ärnlöv, Johan, Asaad, Malke, Asadi-Aliabadi, Mehran, Asadi-Pooya, Ali A., Ashbaugh, Charlie, Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin, Atout, Maha Moh d.Wahbi, Ausloos, Marcel, Avila-Burgos, Leticia, Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina, Ayano, Getinet, Ayanore, Martin Amogre, Aynalem, Yared Asmare, Aynalem, Getie Lake, Ayza, Muluken Altaye, Azari, Samad, Azzopardi, Peter S., B, Darshan B., Babaee, Ebrahim, Badiye, Ashish D., Bahrami, Mohammad Amin, Baig, Atif Amin, Bakhshaei, Mohammad Hossein, Bakhtiari, Ahad, Bakkannavar, Shankar M., Balachandran, Arun, Balassyano, Shelly, Banach, Maciej, Banerjee, Srikanta K., Banik, Palash Chandra, Bante, Agegnehu Bante, Bante, Simachew Animen, Barker-Collo, Suzanne Lyn, Bärnighausen, Till Winfried, Barrero, Lope H., Bassat, Quique, Basu, Sanjay, Baune, Bernhard T., Bayati, Mohsen, Baye, Bayisa Abdissa, Bedi, Neeraj, Beghi, Ettore, Behzadifar, Masoud, Bekuma, Tariku Tesfaye Tesfaye, Bell, Michelle L., Bensenor, Isabela M., Berman, Adam E., Bernabe, Eduardo, Bernstein, Robert S., Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth, Bhandari, Dinesh, Bhardwaj, Pankaj, Bhat, Anusha Ganapati, Bhattacharyya, Krittika, Bhattarai, Suraj, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A., Bijani, Ali, Bikbov, Boris, Bilano, Ver, Biondi, Antonio, Birihane, Binyam Minuye, Bockarie, Moses John, Bohlouli, Somayeh, Bojia, Hunduma Amensisa, Bolla, Srinivasa Rao Rao, Boloor, Archith, Brady, Oliver J., Braithwaite, Dejana, Briant, Paul Svitil, Briggs, Andrew M., Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich, Burugina Nagaraja, Sharath, Busse, Reinhard, Butt, Zahid A., Caetano dos Santos, Florentino Luciano, Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero, Cámera, Luis Alberto, Cárdenas, Rosario, Carreras, Giulia, Carrero, Juan J., Carvalho, Felix, Castaldelli-Maia, Joao Mauricio, Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A., Castelpietra, Giulio, Castro, Franz, Catalá-López, Ferrán, Causey, Kate, Cederroth, Christopher R., Cercy, Kelly M., Cerin, Ester, Chandan, Joht Singh, Chang, Angela Y., Charan, Jaykaran, Chattu, Vijay Kumar, Chaturvedi, Sarika, Chin, Ken Lee, Cho, Daniel Youngwhan, Choi, Jee Young Jasmine, Christensen, Hanne, Chu, Dinh Toi, Chung, Michael T., Ciobanu, Liliana G., Cirillo, Massimo, Comfort, Haley, Compton, Kelly, Cortesi, Paolo Angelo, Costa, Vera Marisa, Cousin, Ewerton, Dahlawi, Saad M.A., Damiani, Giovanni, Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, Darega Gela, Jiregna, Darwesh, Aso Mohammad, Daryani, Ahmad, Dash, Aditya Prasad, Davey, Gail, Dávila-Cervantes, Claudio Alberto, Davletov, Kairat, De Neve, Jan Walter, Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar, Deribe, Kebede, Dervenis, Nikolaos, Desai, Rupak, Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda, Dhungana, Govinda Prasad, Dianatinasab, Mostafa, Dias da Silva, Diana, Diaz, Daniel, Dippenaar, Ilse N., Do, Hoa Thi, Dorostkar, Fariba, Doshmangir, Leila, Duncan, Bruce B., Duraes, Andre Rodrigues, Eagan, Arielle Wilder, Edvardsson, David, El Sayed, Iman, El Tantawi, Maha, Elgendy, Islam Y., Elyazar, Iqbal RF, Eskandari, Khalil, Eskandarieh, Sharareh, Esmaeilnejad, Saman, Esteghamati, Alireza, Ezekannagha, Oluchi, Farag, Tamer, Farahmand, Mohammad, Faraon, Emerito Jose A., Farinha, Carla Sofia e.Sá, Farioli, Andrea, Faris, Pawan Sirwan, Faro, Andre, Fazlzadeh, Mehdi, Feigin, Valery L., Fernandes, Eduarda, Ferrara, Pietro, Feyissa, Garumma Tolu, Filip, Irina, Fischer, Florian, Fisher, James L., Flor, Luisa Sorio, Foigt, Nataliya A., Folayan, Morenike Oluwatoyin, Fomenkov, Artem Alekseevich, Foroutan, Masoud, Francis, Joel Msafiri, Fu, Weijia, Fukumoto, Takeshi, Furtado, João M., Gad, Mohamed M., Gaidhane, Abhay 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Hasaballah, Ahmed I., Hasan, Md Mehedi, Hashi, Abdiwahab, Hassan, Shoaib, Hassan, Amr, Hassanipour, Soheil, Hassankhani, Hadi, Havmoeller, Rasmus J., Hay, Simon I., Hayat, Khezar, Heidari, Golnaz, Heidari-Soureshjani, Reza, Hendrie, Delia, Herteliu, Claudiu, Hird, Thomas R., Ho, Hung Chak, Hole, Michael K., Holla, Ramesh, Hollingsworth, Bruce, Hoogar, Praveen, Hopf, Kathleen Pillsbury, Horita, Nobuyuki, Hossain, Naznin, Hosseini, Mostafa, Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi, Hostiuc, Mihaela, Hostiuc, Sorin, Househ, Mowafa, Hsieh, Vivian Chia rong, Hu, Guoqing, Huda, Tanvir M., Humayun, Ayesha, Hwang, Bing Fang, Iavicoli, Ivo, Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel, Ikeda, Nayu, Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen, Ilic, Irena M., Ilic, Milena D., Inbaraj, Leeberk Raja, Iqbal, Usman, Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi, Irvine, Caleb Mackay Salpeter, Islam, M. Mofizul, Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful, Islami, Farhad, Iso, Hiroyasu, Iwu, Chinwe Juliana, Iwu, Chidozie C.D., Jaafari, Jalil, Jadidi-Niaragh, Farhad, Jafarinia, Morteza, Jahagirdar, Deepa, Jahani, Mohammad Ali, Jahanmehr, Nader, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo, Janjani, Hosna, Javaheri, Tahereh, Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra, Jenabi, Ensiyeh, Jha, Ravi Prakash, Jha, Vivekanand, Ji, John S., Jia, Peng, John-Akinola, Yetunde O., Jonas, Jost B., Joukar, Farahnaz, Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy, Jürisson, Mikk, Kabir, Zubair, Kalankesh, Leila R., Kalhor, Rohollah, Kamath, Aruna M., Kanchan, Tanuj, Kapoor, Neeti, Karami Matin, Behzad, Karanikolos, Marina, Karimi, Seyed M., Kassebaum, Nicholas J., Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal, Kayode, Gbenga A., Keiyoro, Peter Njenga, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khammarnia, Mohammad, Khan, Maseer, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khang, Young Ho, Khatab, Khaled, Khater, Amir M., Khater, Mona M., Khatib, Mahalaqua Nazli, Khayamzadeh, Maryam, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kianipour, Neda, Kim, Young Eun, Kim, Yun Jin, Kimokoti, Ruth W., Kinfu, Yohannes, Kisa, Adnan, Kissimova-Skarbek, Katarzyna, Kivimäki, Mika, Kneib, Cameron J., Kocarnik, Jonathan M., Kochhar, Sonali, Kohler, Stefan, Kopec, Jacek A., Korotkova, Anna V., Korshunov, Vladimir Andreevich, Kosen, Soewarta, Kotlo, Anirudh, Koul, Parvaiz A., Koyanagi, Ai, Krishan, Kewal, Krohn, Kris J., Kugbey, Nuworza, Kulkarni, Vaman, Kumar, G. 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Anthony, Goharinezhad, Salime, Gopalani, Sameer Vali, Goudarzian, Amir Hossein, Goulart, Bárbara Niegia Garcia, Gubari, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen, Guimarães, Rafael Alves, Guled, Rashid Abdi, Gultie, Teklemariam, Guo, Yuming, Gupta, Rajeev, Gupta, Rahul, Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, Hafiz, Abdul, Haile, Teklehaimanot Gereziher, Hamadeh, Randah R., Hameed, Sajid, Hamidi, Samer, Han, Chieh, Han, Hannah, Handiso, Demelash Woldeyohannes, Hanif, Asif, Hankey, Graeme J., Haro, Josep Maria, Hasaballah, Ahmed I., Hasan, Md Mehedi, Hashi, Abdiwahab, Hassan, Shoaib, Hassan, Amr, Hassanipour, Soheil, Hassankhani, Hadi, Havmoeller, Rasmus J., Hay, Simon I., Hayat, Khezar, Heidari, Golnaz, Heidari-Soureshjani, Reza, Hendrie, Delia, Herteliu, Claudiu, Hird, Thomas R., Ho, Hung Chak, Hole, Michael K., Holla, Ramesh, Hollingsworth, Bruce, Hoogar, Praveen, Hopf, Kathleen Pillsbury, Horita, Nobuyuki, Hossain, Naznin, Hosseini, Mostafa, Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi, Hostiuc, Mihaela, Hostiuc, Sorin, Househ, Mowafa, Hsieh, Vivian Chia rong, Hu, Guoqing, Huda, Tanvir M., Humayun, Ayesha, Hwang, Bing Fang, Iavicoli, Ivo, Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel, Ikeda, Nayu, Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen, Ilic, Irena M., Ilic, Milena D., Inbaraj, Leeberk Raja, Iqbal, Usman, Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi, Irvine, Caleb Mackay Salpeter, Islam, M. Mofizul, Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful, Islami, Farhad, Iso, Hiroyasu, Iwu, Chinwe Juliana, Iwu, Chidozie C.D., Jaafari, Jalil, Jadidi-Niaragh, Farhad, Jafarinia, Morteza, Jahagirdar, Deepa, Jahani, Mohammad Ali, Jahanmehr, Nader, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo, Janjani, Hosna, Javaheri, Tahereh, Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra, Jenabi, Ensiyeh, Jha, Ravi Prakash, Jha, Vivekanand, Ji, John S., Jia, Peng, John-Akinola, Yetunde O., Jonas, Jost B., Joukar, Farahnaz, Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy, Jürisson, Mikk, Kabir, Zubair, Kalankesh, Leila R., Kalhor, Rohollah, Kamath, Aruna M., Kanchan, Tanuj, Kapoor, Neeti, Karami Matin, Behzad, Karanikolos, Marina, Karimi, Seyed M., Kassebaum, Nicholas J., Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal, Kayode, Gbenga A., Keiyoro, Peter Njenga, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khammarnia, Mohammad, Khan, Maseer, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khang, Young Ho, Khatab, Khaled, Khater, Amir M., Khater, Mona M., Khatib, Mahalaqua Nazli, Khayamzadeh, Maryam, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kianipour, Neda, Kim, Young Eun, Kim, Yun Jin, Kimokoti, Ruth W., Kinfu, Yohannes, Kisa, Adnan, Kissimova-Skarbek, Katarzyna, Kivimäki, Mika, Kneib, Cameron J., Kocarnik, Jonathan M., Kochhar, Sonali, Kohler, Stefan, Kopec, Jacek A., Korotkova, Anna V., Korshunov, Vladimir Andreevich, Kosen, Soewarta, Kotlo, Anirudh, Koul, Parvaiz A., Koyanagi, Ai, Krishan, Kewal, Krohn, Kris J., Kugbey, Nuworza, Kulkarni, Vaman, Kumar, G. Anil, Kumar, Nithin, Kumar, Manasi, Kurmi, Om P., Kusuma, Dian, Kyu, Hmwe Hmwe, La Vecchia, Carlo, Lacey, Ben, Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, Lalloo, Ratilal, Landires, Iván, Lansingh, Van Charles, Larsson, Anders O., Lasrado, Savita, Lau, Kathryn Mei Ming, Lauriola, Paolo, Lazarus, Jeffrey V., Ledesma, Jorge R., Lee, Paul H., Lee, Shaun Wen Huey, Leever, Andrew T., LeGrand, Kate E., Leigh, James, Leonardi, Matilde, Li, Shanshan, Lim, Stephen S., Lim, Lee Ling, Liu, Xuefeng, Logroscino, Giancarlo, Lopez, Alan D., Lopukhov, Platon D., Lotufo, Paulo A., Lu, Alton, Ma, Jianing, Madadin, Mohammed, Mahasha, Phetole Walter, Mahmoudi, Morteza, Majeed, Azeem, Malagón-Rojas, Jeadran N., Maleki, Shokofeh, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, Mansouri, Borhan, Mansournia, Mohammad Ali, Martini, Santi, Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlândio, Martopullo, Ira, Massenburg, Benjamin Ballard, Mastrogiacomo, Claudia I., Mathur, Manu Raj, McAlinden, Colm, McKee, Martin, Medina-Solís, Carlo Eduardo, Meharie, Birhanu Geta, Mehndiratta, Man Mohan, Mehrabi Nasab, Entezar, Mehri, Fereshteh, Mehrotra, Ravi, Mekonnen, Teferi, Melese, Addisu, Memiah, Peter T.N., Mendoza, Walter, Menezes, Ritesh G., Mensah, George A., Meretoja, Tuomo J., Meretoja, Atte, Mestrovic, Tomislav, Miazgowski, Bartosz, Michalek, Irmina Maria, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M., Mirzaei, Maryam, Mirzaei-Alavijeh, Mehdi, Mitchell, Philip B., Moazen, Babak, Moghadaszadeh, Masoud, Mohamadi, Efat, Mohammad, Yousef, Mohammad, Dara K., Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, Naser, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mohammed, Jemal Abdu, Mokdad, Ali H., Monasta, Lorenzo, Mondello, Stefania, Moradi, Masoud, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Moradzadeh, Rahmatollah, Moraga, Paula, Morgado-da-Costa, Joana, Morrison, Shane Douglas, Mosapour, Abbas, Mosser, Jonathan F., Mousavi Khaneghah, Amin, Muriithi, Moses K., Mustafa, Ghulam, Nabhan, Ashraf F., Naderi, Mehdi, Nagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman, Naghavi, Mohsen, Naghshtabrizi, Behshad, Naimzada, Mukhammad David, Nangia, Vinay, Nansseu, Jobert Richie, Nayak, Vinod C., Nazari, Javad, Ndejjo, Rawlance, Negoi, Ionut, Negoi, Ruxandra Irina, Neupane, Subas, Ngari, Kiirithio N., Nguefack-Tsague, Georges, Ngunjiri, Josephine W., Nguyen, Cuong Tat, Nguyen, Diep Ngoc, Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi, Nnaji, Chukwudi A., Nomura, Shuhei, Norheim, Ole F., Noubiap, Jean Jacques, Nowak, Christoph, Nunez-Samudio, Virginia, Otoiu, Adrian, Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Oghenetega, Onome Bright, Oh, In Hwan, Okunga, Emmanuel Wandera, Oladnabi, Morteza, Olagunju, Andrew T., Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun, Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, Oluwasanu, Mojisola Morenike, Omar Bali, Ahmed, Omer, Muktar Omer, Ong, Kanyin L., Onwujekwe, Obinna E., Ortega-Altamirano, Doris V.V., Ortiz, Alberto, Ostojic, Sergej M., Otstavnov, Nikita, Otstavnov, Stanislav S., Øverland, Simon, Owolabi, Mayowa O., Padubidri, Jagadish Rao, Pakhale, Smita, Palladino, Raffaele, Pana, Adrian, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Pangaribuan, Helena Ullyartha, Pathak, Mona, Patton, George C., Paudel, Sagun, Pazoki Toroudi, Hamidreza, Pease, Spencer A., Peden, Amy E., Pennini, Alyssa, Peprah, Emmanuel K., Pereira, Jeevan, Pigott, David M., Pilgrim, Thomas, Pilz, Tessa M., Pinheiro, Marina, Piradov, Michael A., Pirsaheb, Meghdad, Pokhrel, Khem Narayan, Postma, Maarten J., Pourjafar, Hadi, Pourmalek, Farshad, Pourmirza Kalhori, Reza, Pourshams, Akram, Prada, Sergio I., Pribadi, Dimas Ria Angga, Pupillo, Elisabetta, Quazi Syed, Zahiruddin, Radfar, Amir, Rafiee, Ata, Rafiei, Alireza, Raggi, Alberto, Rahim, Fakher, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, Rajabpour-Sanati, Ali, Rana, Saleem Muhammad, Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal, Rao, Sowmya J., Rasella, Davide, Rashedi, Vahid, Rath, Goura Kishor, Rathi, Priya, Rawaf, Salman, Rawaf, David Laith, Rawal, Lal, Rawassizadeh, Reza, Razo, Christian, Renjith, Vishnu, Renzaho, Andre M.N., Reshmi, Bhageerathy, Rezaei, Nima, Riahi, Seyed Mohammad, Ribeiro, Daniel Cury, Rickard, Jennifer, Roberts, Nicholas L.S., Roever, Leonardo, Romoli, Michele, Ronfani, Luca, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Rubagotti, Enrico, Rwegerera, Godfrey M., Sabour, Siamak, Sachdev, Perminder S., Saddik, Basema, Sadeghi, Masoumeh, Sadeghi, Ehsan, Safari, Yahya, Sagar, Rajesh, Sahebkar, Amirhossein, Sahraian, Mohammad Ali, Sajadi, S. Mohammad, Salahshoor, Mohammad Reza, Salem, Marwa R.Rashad, Salem, Hosni, Salomon, Joshua, Samadi Kafil, Hossein, Samy, Abdallah M., Sanabria, Juan, Santric-Milicevic, Milena M., Saraswathy, Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer, Sarmiento-Suárez, Rodrigo, Sartorius, Benn, Sarveazad, Arash, Sathian, Brijesh, Sathish, Thirunavukkarasu, Sattin, Davide, Savic, Miloje, Sawyer, Susan M., Saxena, Deepak, Sbarra, Alyssa N., Schaeffer, Lauren E., Schiavolin, Silvia, Schmidt, Maria Inês, Schutte, Aletta Elisabeth, Schwebel, David C., Schwendicke, Falk, Seedat, Soraya, Sha, Feng, Shahabi, Saeed, Shaheen, Amira A., Shaikh, Masood Ali, Shamsizadeh, Morteza, Shannawaz, Mohammed, Sharafi, Kiomars, Sharara, Fablina, Sharifi, Hamid, Shaw, David H., Sheikh, Aziz, Sheikhtaheri, Abbas, Shetty, B. Suresh Kumar, Shibuya, Kenji, Shiferaw, Wondimeneh Shibabaw, Shigematsu, Mika, Shin, Jae Il, Shiri, Rahman, Shirkoohi, Reza, Shivakumar, K. 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Abstract: Background: Achieving universal health coverage (UHC) involves all people receiving the health services they need, of high quality, without experiencing financial hardship. Making progress towards UHC is a policy priority for both countries and global institutions, as highlighted by the agenda of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and WHO's Thirteenth General Programme of Work (GPW13). Measuring effective coverage at the health-system level is important for understanding whether health services are aligned with countries' health profiles and are of sufficient quality to produce health gains for populations of all ages. Methods: Based on the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019, we assessed UHC effective coverage for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019. Drawing from a measurement framework developed through WHO's GPW13 consultation, we mapped 23 effective coverage indicators to a matrix representing health service types (eg, promotion, prevention, and treatment) and five population-age groups spanning from reproductive and newborn to older adults (≥65 years). Effective coverage indicators were based on intervention coverage or outcome-based measures such as mortality-to-incidence ratios to approximate access to quality care; outcome-based measures were transformed to values on a scale of 0–100 based on the 2·5th and 97·5th percentile of location-year values. We constructed the UHC effective coverage index by weighting each effective coverage indicator relative to its associated potential health gains, as measured by disability-adjusted life-years for each location-year and population-age group. For three tests of validity (content, known-groups, and convergent), UHC effective coverage index performance was generally better than that of other UHC service coverage indices from WHO (ie, the current metric for SDG indicator 3.8.1 on UHC service coverage), the World Bank, and GBD 2017. We quantified frontiers of UH
Published: 2020

16. Measuring universal health coverage based on an index of effective coverage of health services in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author: Lozano, R, Fullman, N, Mumford, J, Knight, M, Barthelemy, C, Abbafati, C, Abbastabar, H, Abd-Allah, F, Abdollahi, M, Abedi, A, Abolhassani, H, Abosetugn, A, Abreu, L, Abrigo, M, Abu Haimed, A, Abushouk, A, Adabi, M, Adebayo, O, Adekanmbi, V, Adelson, J, Adetokunboh, O, Adham, D, Advani, S, Afshin, A, Agarwal, G, Agasthi, P, Aghamir, S, Agrawal, A, Ahmad, T, Akinyemi, R, Alahdab, F, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, K, Albertson, S, Alemu, Y, Alhassan, R, Ali, M, Ali, S, Alipour, V, Aljunid, S, Alla, F, Almadi, M, Almasi, A, Almasi-Hashiani, A, Almasri, N, Al-Mekhlafi, H, Almulhim, A, Alonso, J, Al-Raddadi, R, Altirkawi, K, Alvis-Guzman, N, Alvis-Zakzuk, N, Amini, S, Amini-Rarani, M, Amiri, F, Amit, A, Amugsi, D, Ancuceanu, R, Anderlini, D, Andrei, C, Androudi, S, Ansari, F, Ansari-Moghaddam, A, Antonio, C, Antony, C, Antriyandarti, E, Anvari, D, Anwer, R, Arabloo, J, Arab-Zozani, M, Aravkin, A, Aremu, O, Ärnlöv, J, Asaad, M, Asadi-Aliabadi, M, Asadi-Pooya, A, Ashbaugh, C, Athari, S, Atout, M, 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Abstract: Background: Achieving universal health coverage (UHC) involves all people receiving the health services they need, of high quality, without experiencing financial hardship. Making progress towards UHC is a policy priority for both countries and global institutions, as highlighted by the agenda of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and WHO's Thirteenth General Programme of Work (GPW13). Measuring effective coverage at the health-system level is important for understanding whether health services are aligned with countries' health profiles and are of sufficient quality to produce health gains for populations of all ages. Methods: Based on the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019, we assessed UHC effective coverage for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019. Drawing from a measurement framework developed through WHO's GPW13 consultation, we mapped 23 effective coverage indicators to a matrix representing health service types (eg, promotion, prevention, and treatment) and five population-age groups spanning from reproductive and newborn to older adults (≥65 years). Effective coverage indicators were based on intervention coverage or outcome-based measures such as mortality-to-incidence ratios to approximate access to quality care; outcome-based measures were transformed to values on a scale of 0–100 based on the 2·5th and 97·5th percentile of location-year values. We constructed the UHC effective coverage index by weighting each effective coverage indicator relative to its associated potential health gains, as measured by disability-adjusted life-years for each location-year and population-age group. For three tests of validity (content, known-groups, and convergent), UHC effective coverage index performance was generally better than that of other UHC service coverage indices from WHO (ie, the current metric for SDG indicator 3.8.1 on UHC service coverage), the World Bank, and GBD 2017. We quantified frontiers of UHC e
Published: 2020

17. Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019:a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author: Vos, Theo, Lim, Stephen S, Abbafati, Cristiana, Abbas, Kaja M, Abbasi, Mohammad, Abbasifard, Mitra, Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen, Abbastabar, Hedayat, Abd-Allah, Foad, Abdelalim, Ahmed, Abdollahi, Mohammad, Abdollahpour, Ibrahim, Abolhassani, Hassan, Aboyans, Victor, Abrams, Elissa M, Abreu, Lucas Guimarães, Abrigo, Michael R M, Abu-Raddad, Laith Jamal, Abushouk, Abdelrahman I, Acebedo, Alyssa, Ackerman, Ilana N, Adabi, Maryam, Adamu, Abdu A, Adebayo, Oladimeji M, Adekanmbi, Victor, Adelson, Jaimie D, Adetokunboh, Olatunji O, Adham, Davoud, Afshari, Mahdi, Afshin, Ashkan, Agardh, Emilie E, Agarwal, Gina, Agesa, Kareha M, Aghaali, Mohammad, Aghamir, Seyed Mohammad Kazem, Agrawal, Anurag, Ahmad, Tauseef, Ahmadi, Alireza, Ahmadi, Mehdi, Ahmadieh, Hamid, Ahmadpour, Ehsan, Akalu, Temesgen Yihunie, Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola, Akinyemiju, Tomi, Akombi, Blessing, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alam, Khurshid, Alam, Noore, Alam, Samiah, Alam, Tahiya, Alanzi, Turki M, Albertson, Samuel B, Alcalde-Rabanal, Jacqueline Elizabeth, Alema, Niguse Meles, Ali, Muhammad, Ali, Saqib, Alicandro, Gianfranco, Alijanzadeh, Mehran, Alinia, Cyrus, Alipour, Vahid, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, Alla, François, Allebeck, Peter, Almasi-Hashiani, Amir, Alonso, Jordi, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M, Altirkawi, Khalid A, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Alvis-Zakzuk, Nelson J, Amini, Saeed, Amini-Rarani, Mostafa, Aminorroaya, Arya, Amiri, Fatemeh, Amit, Arianna Maever L, Amugsi, Dickson A, Amul, Gianna Gayle Herrera, Anderlini, Deanna, Andrei, Catalina Liliana, Andrei, Tudorel, Anjomshoa, Mina, Ansari, Fereshteh, Ansari, Iman, Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T, Antony, Catherine M, Antriyandarti, Ernoiz, Anvari, Davood, Anwer, Razique, Arabloo, Jalal, Arab-Zozani, Morteza, Aravkin, Aleksandr Y, Ariani, Filippo, Ärnlöv, Johan, Aryal, Krishna K, Arzani, Afsaneh, Asadi-Aliabadi, Mehran, Asadi-Pooya, Ali A, Asghari, Babak, Ashbaugh, Charlie, Atnafu, Desta Debalkie, Atre, Sachin R, Ausloos, Floriane, Ausloos, Marcel, Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayala, Ayano, Getinet, Ayanore, Martin Amogre, Aynalem, Yared Asmare, Azari, Samad, Azarian, Ghasem, Azene, Zelalem Nigussie, Babaee, Ebrahim, Badawi, Alaa, Bagherzadeh, Mojtaba, Bakhshaei, Mohammad Hossein, Bakhtiari, Ahad, Balakrishnan, Senthilkumar, Balalla, Shivanthi, Balassyano, Shelly, Banach, Maciej, Banik, Palash Chandra, Bannick, Marlena S, Bante, Agegnehu Bante, Baraki, Adhanom Gebreegziabher, Barboza, Miguel A, Barker-Collo, Suzanne Lyn, Barthelemy, Celine M, Barua, Lingkan, Barzegar, Akbar, Basu, Sanjay, Baune, Bernhard T, Bayati, Mohsen, Bazmandegan, Gholamreza, Bedi, Neeraj, Beghi, Ettore, Béjot, Yannick, Bello, Aminu K, Bender, Rose G, Bennett, Derrick A, Bennitt, Fiona B, Bensenor, Isabela M, Benziger, Catherine P, Berhe, Kidanemaryam, Bernabe, Eduardo, Bertolacci, Gregory J, Bhageerathy, Reshmi, Bhala, Neeraj, Bhandari, Dinesh, Bhardwaj, Pankaj, Bhattacharyya, Krittika, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, Bibi, Sadia, Biehl, Molly H, Bikbov, Boris, 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Bin, Zamani, Mohammad, Zamanian, Maryam, Zandian, Hamed, Zangeneh, Alireza, Zastrozhin, Mikhail Sergeevich, Zewdie, Kaleab Alemayehu, Zhang, Yunquan, Zhang, Zhi-Jiang, Zhao, Jeff T, Zhao, Yingxi, Zheng, Peng, Zhou, Maigeng, Ziapour, Arash, Zimsen, Stephanie R M, Naghavi, Mohsen, and Murray, Christopher J L
Abstract: Background In an era of shifting global agendas and expanded emphasis on non-communicable diseases and injuries along with communicable diseases, sound evidence on trends by cause at the national level is essential. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) provides a systematic scientific assessment of published, publicly available, and contributed data on incidence, prevalence, and mortality for a mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive list of diseases and injuries. Methods GBD estimates incidence, prevalence, mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) due to 369 diseases and injuries, for two sexes, and for 204 countries and territories. Input data were extracted from censuses, household surveys, civil registration and vital statistics, disease registries, health service use, air pollution monitors, satellite imaging, disease notifications, and other sources. Cause-specific death rates and cause fractions were calculated using the Cause of Death Ensemble model and spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression. Cause-specific deaths were adjusted to match the total all-cause deaths calculated as part of the GBD population, fertility, and mortality estimates. Deaths were multiplied by standard life expectancy at each age to calculate YLLs. A Bayesian meta-regression modelling tool, DisMod-MR 2.1, was used to ensure consistency between incidence, prevalence, remission, excess mortality, and cause-specific mortality for most causes. Prevalence estimates were multiplied by disability weights for mutually exclusive sequelae of diseases and injuries to calculate YLDs. We considered results in the context of the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator of income per capita, years of schooling, and fertility rate in females younger than 25 years. Uncertainty intervals (UIs) were generated for every metric using the 25th a
Published: 2020

18. Global burden of 87 risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author: Murray, Christopher J L, Aravkin, Aleksandr Y, Zheng, Peng, Abbafati, Cristiana, Abbas, Kaja M, Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen, Abd-Allah, Foad, Abdelalim, Ahmed, Abdollahi, Mohammad, Abdollahpour, Ibrahim, Abegaz, Kedir Hussein, Abolhassani, Hassan, Aboyans, Victor, Abreu, Lucas Guimarães, Abrigo, Michael R M, Abualhasan, Ahmed, Abu-Raddad, Laith Jamal, Abushouk, Abdelrahman I, Adabi, Maryam, Adekanmbi, Victor, Adeoye, Abiodun Moshood, Adetokunboh, Olatunji O, Adham, Davoud, Advani, Shailesh M, Agarwal, Gina, Aghamir, Seyed Mohammad Kazem, Agrawal, Anurag, Ahmad, Tauseef, Ahmadi, Keivan, Ahmadi, Mehdi, Ahmadieh, Hamid, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Akalu, Temesgen Yihunie, Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola, Akinyemiju, Tomi, Akombi, Blessing, Akunna, Chisom Joyqueenet, Alahdab, Fares, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alam, Khurshid, Alam, Samiah, Alam, Tahiya, Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour, Alanzi, Turki M, Alemu, Biresaw wassihun, Alhabib, Khalid F, Ali, Muhammad, Ali, Saqib, Alicandro, Gianfranco, Alinia, Cyrus, Alipour, Vahid, Alizade, Hesam, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, Alla, François, Allebeck, Peter, Almasi-Hashiani, Amir, Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M, Alonso, Jordi, Altirkawi, Khalid A, Amini-Rarani, Mostafa, Amiri, Fatemeh, Amugsi, Dickson A, Ancuceanu, Robert, Anderlini, Deanna, Anderson, Jason A, Andrei, Catalina Liliana, Andrei, Tudorel, Angus, Colin, Anjomshoa, Mina, Ansari, Fereshteh, Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza, Antonazzo, Ippazio Cosimo, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T, Antony, Catherine M, Antriyandarti, Ernoiz, Anvari, Davood, Anwer, Razique, Appiah, Seth Christopher Yaw, Arabloo, Jalal, Arab-Zozani, Morteza, Ariani, Filippo, Armoon, Bahram, Ärnlöv, Johan, Arzani, Afsaneh, Asadi-Aliabadi, Mehran, Asadi-Pooya, Ali A, Ashbaugh, Charlie, Assmus, Michael, Atafar, Zahra, Atnafu, Desta Debalkie, Atout, Maha Moh'd Wahbi, Ausloos, Floriane, Ausloos, Marcel, Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina, Ayano, Getinet, Ayanore, Martin Amogre, Azari, Samad, Azarian, Ghasem, Azene, Zelalem Nigussie, Badawi, Alaa, Badiye, Ashish D, Bahrami, Mohammad Amin, Bakhshaei, Mohammad Hossein, Bakhtiari, Ahad, Bakkannavar, Shankar M, Baldasseroni, Alberto, Ball, Kylie, Ballew, Shoshana H, Balzi, Daniela, Banach, Maciej, Banerjee, Srikanta K, Bante, Agegnehu Bante, Baraki, Adhanom Gebreegziabher, Barker-Collo, Suzanne Lyn, Bärnighausen, Till Winfried, Barrero, Lope H, Barthelemy, Celine M, Barua, Lingkan, Basu, Sanjay, Baune, Bernhard T, Bayati, Mohsen, Becker, Jacob S, Bedi, Neeraj, Beghi, Ettore, Béjot, Yannick, Bell, Michellr L, Bennitt, Fiona B, Bensenor, Isabela M, Berhe, Kidanemaryam, Berman, Adam E, Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth, Bhageerathy, Reshmi, Bhala, Neeraj, Bhandari, Dinesh, Bhattacharyya, Krittika, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, Bijani, Ali, Bikbov, Boris, Bin Sayeed, Muhammad Shahdaat, Biondi, Antonio, Birihane, Binyam Minuye, Bisignano, Catherine, Biswas, Raaj Kishore, Bitew, Helen, Bohlouli, Somayeh, Bohluli, Mehdi, Boon-Dooley, Alexandra S, Borges, Guilherme, Borzì, Antonio Maria, Borzouei, Shiva, Bosetti, Cristina, Boufous, Soufiane, Braithwaite, Dejana, Breitborde, Nicholas J K, Breitner, Susanne, Brenner, Hermann, Briant, Paul Svitil, Briko, Andrey Nikolaevich, Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich, Britton, Gabrielle B, Bryazka, Dana, Bumgarner, Blair R, Burkart, Katrin, Burnett, Richard Thomas, Burugina Nagaraja, Sharath, Butt, Zahid A, Caetano dos Santos, Florentino Luciano, Cahill, Leah E, Cámera, Luis LA Alberto, Campos-Nonato, Ismael R, Cárdenas, Rosario, Carreras, Giulia, Carrero, Juan J, Carvalho, Felix, Castaldelli-Maia, Joao Mauricio, Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A, Castelpietra, Giulio, Castro, Franz, Causey, Kate, Cederroth, Christopher R, Cercy, Kelly M, Cerin, Ester, Chandan, Joht Singh, Chang, Kai-Lan, Charlson, Fiona J, Chattu, Vijay Kumar, Chaturvedi, Sarika, Cherbuin, Nicolas, Chimed-Ochir, Odgerel, Cho, Daniel Youngwhan, Choi, Jee-Young Jasmine, Christensen, Hanne, Chu, Dinh-Toi, Chung, Michael T, Chung, Sheng-Chia, Cicuttini, Flavia M, Ciobanu, Liliana G, Cirillo, Massimo, Classen, Thomas Khaled Dwayne, Cohen, Aaron J, Compton, Kelly, Cooper, Owen R, Costa, Vera Marisa, Cousin, Ewerton, Cowden, Richard G, Cross, Di H, Cruz, Jessica A, Dahlawi, Saad M A, Damasceno, Albertino Antonio Moura, Damiani, Giovanni, Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, Dangel, William James, Danielsson, Anna-Karin, Dargan, Paul I, Darwesh, Aso Mohammad, Daryani, Ahmad, Das, Jai K, Das Gupta, Rajat, das Neves, José, Dávila-Cervantes, Claudio Alberto, Davitoiu, Dragos Virgil, De Leo, Diego, Degenhardt, Louisa, DeLang, Marissa, Dellavalle, Robert Paul, Demeke, Feleke Mekonnen, Demoz, Gebre Teklemariam, Demsie, Desalegn Getnet, Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar, Dervenis, Nikolaos, Dhungana, Govinda Prasad, Dianatinasab, Mostafa, Dias da Silva, Diana, Diaz, Daniel, Dibaji Forooshani, Zahra Sadat, Djalalinia, Shirin, Do, Hoa Thi, Dokova, Klara, Dorostkar, Fariba, Doshmangir, Leila, Driscoll, Tim Robert, Duncan, Bruce B, Duraes, Andre Rodrigues, Eagan, Arielle Wilder, Edvardsson, David, 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Biniyam Sahiledengle, Gebreslassie, Assefa Ayalew Ayalew Ayalew, Geremew, Abraham, Gershberg Hayoon, Anna, Gething, Peter W, Ghadimi, Maryam, Ghadiri, Keyghobad, Ghaffarifar, Fatemeh, Ghafourifard, Mansour, Ghamari, Farhad, Ghashghaee, Ahmad, Ghiasvand, Hesam, Ghith, Nermin, Gholamian, Asadollah, Ghosh, Rakesh, Gill, Paramjit Singh, Ginindza, Themba G G, Giussani, Giorgia, Gnedovskaya, Elena V, Goharinezhad, Salime, Gopalani, Sameer Vali, Gorini, Giuseppe, Goudarzi, Houman, Goulart, Alessandra C, Greaves, Felix, Grivna, Michal, Grosso, Giuseppe, Gubari, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen, Gugnani, Harish Chander, Guimarães, Rafael Alves, Guled, Rashid Abdi, Guo, Gaorui, Guo, Yuming, Gupta, Rajeev, Gupta, Tarun, Haddock, Beatrix, Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, Hafiz, Abdul, Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin, Haj-Mirzaian, Arya, Hall, Brian J, Halvaei, Iman, Hamadeh, Randah R, Hamidi, Samer, Hammer, Melanie S, Hankey, Graeme J, Haririan, Hamidreza, Haro, Josep Maria, Hasaballah, Ahmed I, Hasan, Md Mehedi, Hasanpoor, 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Majeed, Azeem, Maleki, Afshin, Maleki, Shokofeh, Malekzadeh, Reza, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, Mamun, Abdullah A, Manda, Ana Laura, Manguerra, Helena, Mansour-Ghanaei, Fariborz, Mansouri, Borhan, Mansournia, Mohammad Ali, Mantilla Herrera, Ana M, Maravilla, Joemer C, Marks, Ashley, Martin, Randall V, Martini, Santi, Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlândio, Masaka, Anthony, Masoumi, Seyedeh Zahra, Mathur, Manu Raj, Matsushita, Kunihiro, Maulik, Pallab K, McAlinden, Colm, McGrath, John J, McKee, Martin, Mehndiratta, Man Mohan, Mehri, Fereshteh, Mehta, Kala M, Memish, Ziad A, Mendoza, Walter, Menezes, Ritesh G, Mengesha, Endalkachew Worku, Mereke, Alibek, Mereta, Seid Tiku, Meretoja, Atte, Meretoja, Tuomo J, Mestrovic, Tomislav, Miazgowski, Bartosz, Miazgowski, Tomasz, Michalek, Irmina Maria, Miller, Ted R, Mills, Edward J, Mini, GK, Miri, Mohammad, Mirica, Andreea, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M, Mirzaei, Hamed, Mirzaei, Maryam, Mirzaei, Roya, Mirzaei-Alavijeh, Mehdi, Misganaw, Awoke Temesgen, Mithra, 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Abstract: Rigorous analysis of levels and trends in exposure to leading risk factors and quantification of their effect on human health are important to identify where public health is making progress and in which cases current efforts are inadequate. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 provides a standardised and comprehensive assessment of the magnitude of risk factor exposure, relative risk, and attributable burden of disease. Methods GBD 2019 estimated attributable mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years of life lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 87 risk factors and combinations of risk factors, at the global level, regionally, and for 204 countries and territories. GBD uses a hierarchical list of risk factors so that specific risk factors (eg, sodium intake), and related aggregates (eg, diet quality), are both evaluated. This method has six analytical steps. (1) We included 560 risk–outcome pairs that met criteria for convincing or probable evidence on the basis of research studies. 12 risk–outcome pairs included in GBD 2017 no longer met inclusion criteria and 47 risk–outcome pairs for risks already included in GBD 2017 were added based on new evidence. (2) Relative risks were estimated as a function of exposure based on published systematic reviews, 81 systematic reviews done for GBD 2019, and meta-regression. (3) Levels of exposure in each age-sex-location-year included in the study were estimated based on all available data sources using spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression, DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian meta-regression method, or alternative methods. (4) We determined, from published trials or cohort studies, the level of exposure associated with minimum risk, called the theoretical minimum risk exposure level. (5) Attributable deaths, YLLs, YLDs, and DALYs were computed by multiplying population attributable fractions (PAFs) by the relevant outcome quantity for each age-sex-locat
Published: 2020

19. Measuring universal health coverage based on an index of effective coverage of health services in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author: Lozano, Rafael, primary, Fullman, Nancy, additional, Mumford, John Everett, additional, Knight, Megan, additional, Barthelemy, Celine M, additional, Abbafati, Cristiana, additional, Abbastabar, Hedayat, additional, Abd-Allah, Foad, additional, Abdollahi, Mohammad, additional, Abedi, Aidin, additional, Abolhassani, Hassan, additional, Abosetugn, Akine Eshete, additional, Abreu, Lucas Guimarães, additional, Abrigo, Michael R M, additional, Abu Haimed, Abdulaziz Khalid, additional, Abushouk, Abdelrahman I, additional, Adabi, Maryam, additional, Adebayo, Oladimeji M, additional, Adekanmbi, Victor, additional, Adelson, Jaimie, additional, Adetokunboh, Olatunji O, additional, Adham, Davoud, additional, Advani, Shailesh M, additional, Afshin, Ashkan, additional, Agarwal, Gina, additional, Agasthi, Pradyumna, additional, Aghamir, Seyed Mohammad Kazem, additional, Agrawal, Anurag, additional, Ahmad, Tauseef, additional, Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola, additional, Alahdab, Fares, additional, Al-Aly, Ziyad, additional, Alam, Khurshid, additional, Albertson, Samuel B, additional, Alemu, Yihun Mulugeta, additional, Alhassan, Robert Kaba, additional, Ali, Muhammad, additional, Ali, Saqib, additional, Alipour, Vahid, additional, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, additional, Alla, François, additional, Almadi, Majid Abdulrahman Hamad, additional, Almasi, Ali, additional, Almasi-Hashiani, Amir, additional, Almasri, Nihad A, additional, Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M, additional, Almulhim, Abdulaziz M, additional, Alonso, Jordi, additional, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M, additional, Altirkawi, Khalid A, additional, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, additional, Alvis-Zakzuk, Nelson J, additional, Amini, Saeed, additional, Amini-Rarani, Mostafa, additional, Amiri, Fatemeh, additional, Amit, Arianna Maever L, additional, Amugsi, Dickson A, additional, Ancuceanu, Robert, additional, Anderlini, Deanna, additional, Andrei, Catalina Liliana, additional, Androudi, Sofia, additional, Ansari, Fereshteh, additional, Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza, additional, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T, additional, Antony, Catherine M, additional, Antriyandarti, Ernoiz, additional, Anvari, Davood, additional, Anwer, Razique, additional, Arabloo, Jalal, additional, Arab-Zozani, Morteza, additional, Aravkin, Aleksandr Y, additional, Aremu, Olatunde, additional, Ärnlöv, Johan, additional, Asaad, Malke, additional, Asadi-Aliabadi, Mehran, additional, Asadi-Pooya, Ali A, additional, Ashbaugh, Charlie, additional, Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin, additional, Atout, Maha Moh'd Wahbi, additional, Ausloos, Marcel, additional, Avila-Burgos, Leticia, additional, Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina, additional, Ayano, Getinet, additional, Ayanore, Martin Amogre, additional, Aynalem, Yared Asmare, additional, Aynalem, Getie Lake, additional, Ayza, Muluken Altaye, additional, Azari, Samad, additional, Azzopardi, Peter S, additional, B, Darshan B, additional, Babaee, Ebrahim, additional, Badiye, Ashish D, additional, Bahrami, Mohammad Amin, additional, Baig, Atif Amin, additional, Bakhshaei, Mohammad Hossein, additional, Bakhtiari, Ahad, additional, Bakkannavar, Shankar M, additional, Balachandran, Arun, additional, Balassyano, Shelly, additional, Banach, Maciej, additional, Banerjee, Srikanta K, additional, Banik, Palash Chandra, additional, Bante, Agegnehu Bante, additional, Bante, Simachew Animen, additional, Barker-Collo, Suzanne Lyn, additional, Bärnighausen, Till Winfried, additional, Barrero, Lope H, additional, Bassat, Quique, additional, Basu, Sanjay, additional, Baune, Bernhard T, additional, Bayati, Mohsen, additional, Baye, Bayisa Abdissa, additional, Bedi, Neeraj, additional, Beghi, Ettore, additional, Behzadifar, Masoud, additional, Bekuma, Tariku Tesfaye Tesfaye, additional, Bell, Michelle L, additional, Bensenor, Isabela M, additional, Berman, Adam E, additional, Bernabe, Eduardo, additional, Bernstein, Robert S, additional, Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth, additional, Bhandari, Dinesh, additional, Bhardwaj, Pankaj, additional, Bhat, Anusha Ganapati, additional, Bhattacharyya, Krittika, additional, Bhattarai, Suraj, additional, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, additional, Bijani, Ali, additional, Bikbov, Boris, additional, Bilano, Ver, additional, Biondi, Antonio, additional, Birihane, Binyam Minuye, additional, Bockarie, Moses John, additional, Bohlouli, Somayeh, additional, Bojia, Hunduma Amensisa, additional, Bolla, Srinivasa Rao Rao, additional, Boloor, Archith, additional, Brady, Oliver J, additional, Braithwaite, Dejana, additional, Briant, Paul Svitil, additional, Briggs, Andrew M, additional, Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich, additional, Burugina Nagaraja, Sharath, additional, Busse, Reinhard, additional, Butt, Zahid A, additional, Caetano dos Santos, Florentino Luciano, additional, Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero, additional, Cámera, Luis Alberto, additional, Cárdenas, Rosario, additional, Carreras, Giulia, additional, Carrero, Juan J, additional, Carvalho, Felix, additional, Castaldelli-Maia, Joao Mauricio, additional, Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A, additional, Castelpietra, Giulio, additional, Castro, Franz, additional, Catalá-López, Ferrán, additional, Causey, Kate, additional, Cederroth, Christopher R, additional, Cercy, Kelly M, additional, Cerin, Ester, additional, Chandan, Joht Singh, additional, Chang, Angela Y, additional, Charan, Jaykaran, additional, Chattu, Vijay Kumar, additional, Chaturvedi, Sarika, additional, Chin, Ken Lee, additional, Cho, Daniel Youngwhan, additional, Choi, Jee-Young Jasmine, additional, Christensen, Hanne, additional, Chu, Dinh-Toi, additional, Chung, Michael T, additional, Ciobanu, Liliana G, additional, Cirillo, Massimo, additional, Comfort, Haley, additional, Compton, Kelly, additional, Cortesi, Paolo Angelo, additional, Costa, Vera Marisa, additional, Cousin, Ewerton, additional, Dahlawi, Saad M A, additional, Damiani, Giovanni, additional, Dandona, Lalit, additional, Dandona, Rakhi, additional, Darega Gela, Jiregna, additional, Darwesh, Aso Mohammad, additional, Daryani, Ahmad, additional, Dash, Aditya Prasad, additional, Davey, Gail, additional, Dávila-Cervantes, Claudio Alberto, additional, Davletov, Kairat, additional, De Neve, Jan-Walter, additional, Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar, additional, Deribe, Kebede, additional, Dervenis, Nikolaos, additional, Desai, Rupak, additional, Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda, additional, Dhungana, Govinda Prasad, additional, Dianatinasab, Mostafa, additional, Dias da Silva, Diana, additional, Diaz, Daniel, additional, Dippenaar, Ilse N, additional, Do, Hoa Thi, additional, Dorostkar, Fariba, additional, Doshmangir, Leila, additional, Duncan, Bruce B, additional, Duraes, Andre Rodrigues, additional, Eagan, Arielle Wilder, additional, Edvardsson, David, additional, El Sayed, Iman, additional, El Tantawi, Maha, additional, Elgendy, Islam Y, additional, Elyazar, Iqbal RF, additional, Eskandari, Khalil, additional, Eskandarieh, Sharareh, additional, Esmaeilnejad, Saman, additional, Esteghamati, Alireza, additional, Ezekannagha, Oluchi, additional, Farag, Tamer, additional, Farahmand, Mohammad, additional, Faraon, Emerito Jose A, additional, Farinha, Carla Sofia e Sá, additional, Farioli, Andrea, additional, Faris, Pawan Sirwan, additional, Faro, Andre, additional, Fazlzadeh, Mehdi, additional, Feigin, Valery L, additional, Fernandes, Eduarda, additional, Ferrara, Pietro, additional, Feyissa, Garumma Tolu, additional, Filip, Irina, additional, Fischer, Florian, additional, Fisher, James L, additional, Flor, Luisa Sorio, additional, Foigt, Nataliya A, additional, Folayan, Morenike Oluwatoyin, additional, Fomenkov, Artem Alekseevich, additional, Foroutan, Masoud, additional, Francis, Joel Msafiri, additional, Fu, Weijia, additional, Fukumoto, Takeshi, additional, Furtado, João M, additional, Gad, Mohamed M, additional, Gaidhane, Abhay Motiramji, additional, Gakidou, Emmanuela, additional, Galles, Natalie C, additional, Gallus, Silvano, additional, Gardner, William M, additional, Geberemariyam, Biniyam Sahiledengle, additional, Gebrehiwot, Abiyu Mekonnen, additional, Gebremeskel, Leake G, additional, Gebremeskel, Gebreamlak Gebremedhn, additional, Gesesew, Hailay Abrha, additional, Ghadiri, Keyghobad, additional, Ghafourifard, Mansour, additional, Ghashghaee, Ahmad, additional, Ghith, Nermin, additional, Gholamian, Asadollah, additional, Gilani, Syed Amir, additional, Gill, Paramjit Singh, additional, Gill, Tiffany K, additional, Ginindza, Themba G, additional, Gitimoghaddam, Mojgan, additional, Giussani, Giorgia, additional, Glagn, Mustefa, additional, Gnedovskaya, Elena V, additional, Godinho, Myron Anthony, additional, Goharinezhad, Salime, additional, Gopalani, Sameer Vali, additional, Goudarzian, Amir Hossein, additional, Goulart, Bárbara Niegia Garcia, additional, Gubari, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen, additional, Guimarães, Rafael Alves, additional, Guled, Rashid Abdi, additional, Gultie, Teklemariam, additional, Guo, Yuming, additional, Gupta, Rajeev, additional, Gupta, Rahul, additional, Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, additional, Hafiz, Abdul, additional, Haile, Teklehaimanot Gereziher, additional, Hamadeh, Randah R, additional, Hameed, Sajid, additional, Hamidi, Samer, additional, Han, Chieh, additional, Han, Hannah, additional, Handiso, Demelash Woldeyohannes, additional, Hanif, Asif, additional, Hankey, Graeme J, additional, Haro, Josep Maria, additional, Hasaballah, Ahmed I, additional, Hasan, Md Mehedi, additional, Hashi, Abdiwahab, additional, Hassan, Shoaib, additional, Hassan, Amr, additional, Hassanipour, Soheil, additional, Hassankhani, Hadi, additional, Havmoeller, Rasmus J, additional, Hay, Simon I, additional, Hayat, Khezar, additional, Heidari, Golnaz, additional, Heidari-Soureshjani, Reza, additional, Hendrie, Delia, additional, Herteliu, Claudiu, additional, Hird, Thomas R, additional, Ho, Hung Chak, additional, Hole, Michael K, additional, Holla, Ramesh, additional, Hollingsworth, Bruce, additional, Hoogar, Praveen, additional, Hopf, Kathleen Pillsbury, additional, Horita, Nobuyuki, additional, Hossain, Naznin, additional, Hosseini, Mostafa, additional, Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi, additional, Hostiuc, Mihaela, additional, Hostiuc, Sorin, additional, Househ, Mowafa, additional, Hsieh, Vivian Chia-rong, additional, Hu, Guoqing, additional, Huda, Tanvir M, additional, Humayun, Ayesha, additional, Hwang, Bing-Fang, additional, Iavicoli, Ivo, additional, Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel, additional, Ikeda, Nayu, additional, Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen, additional, Ilic, Irena M, additional, Ilic, Milena D, additional, Inbaraj, Leeberk Raja, additional, Iqbal, Usman, additional, Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi, additional, Irvine, Caleb Mackay Salpeter, additional, Islam, M Mofizul, additional, Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful, additional, Islami, Farhad, additional, Iso, Hiroyasu, additional, Iwu, Chinwe Juliana, additional, Iwu, Chidozie C D, additional, Jaafari, Jalil, additional, Jadidi-Niaragh, Farhad, additional, Jafarinia, Morteza, additional, Jahagirdar, Deepa, additional, Jahani, Mohammad Ali, additional, Jahanmehr, Nader, additional, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo, additional, Janjani, Hosna, additional, Javaheri, Tahereh, additional, Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra, additional, Jenabi, Ensiyeh, additional, Jha, Ravi Prakash, additional, Jha, Vivekanand, additional, Ji, John S, additional, Jia, Peng, additional, John-Akinola, Yetunde O, additional, Jonas, Jost B, additional, Joukar, Farahnaz, additional, Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy, additional, Jürisson, Mikk, additional, Kabir, Zubair, additional, Kalankesh, Leila R, additional, Kalhor, Rohollah, additional, Kamath, Aruna M, additional, Kanchan, Tanuj, additional, Kapoor, Neeti, additional, Karami Matin, Behzad, additional, Karanikolos, Marina, additional, Karimi, Seyed M, additional, Kassebaum, Nicholas J, additional, Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal, additional, Kayode, Gbenga A, additional, Keiyoro, Peter Njenga, additional, Khader, Yousef Saleh, additional, Khammarnia, Mohammad, additional, Khan, Maseer, additional, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, additional, Khang, Young-Ho, additional, Khatab, Khaled, additional, Khater, Amir M, additional, Khater, Mona M, additional, Khatib, Mahalaqua Nazli, additional, Khayamzadeh, Maryam, additional, Khubchandani, Jagdish, additional, Kianipour, Neda, additional, Kim, Young-Eun, additional, Kim, Yun Jin, additional, Kimokoti, Ruth W, additional, Kinfu, Yohannes, additional, Kisa, Adnan, additional, Kissimova-Skarbek, Katarzyna, additional, Kivimäki, Mika, additional, Kneib, Cameron J, additional, Kocarnik, Jonathan M, additional, Kochhar, Sonali, additional, Kohler, Stefan, additional, Kopec, Jacek A, additional, Korotkova, Anna V, additional, Korshunov, Vladimir Andreevich, additional, Kosen, Soewarta, additional, Kotlo, Anirudh, additional, Koul, Parvaiz A, additional, Koyanagi, Ai, additional, Krishan, Kewal, additional, Krohn, Kris J, additional, Kugbey, Nuworza, additional, Kulkarni, Vaman, additional, Kumar, G Anil, additional, Kumar, Nithin, additional, Kumar, Manasi, additional, Kurmi, Om P, additional, Kusuma, Dian, additional, Kyu, Hmwe Hmwe, additional, La Vecchia, Carlo, additional, Lacey, Ben, additional, Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, additional, Lalloo, Ratilal, additional, Landires, Iván, additional, Lansingh, Van Charles, additional, Larsson, Anders O, additional, Lasrado, Savita, additional, Lau, Kathryn Mei-Ming, additional, Lauriola, Paolo, additional, Lazarus, Jeffrey V, additional, Ledesma, Jorge R, additional, Lee, Paul H, additional, Lee, Shaun Wen Huey, additional, Leever, Andrew T, additional, LeGrand, Kate E, additional, Leigh, James, additional, Leonardi, Matilde, additional, Li, Shanshan, additional, Lim, Stephen S, additional, Lim, Lee-Ling, additional, Liu, Xuefeng, additional, Logroscino, Giancarlo, additional, Lopez, Alan D, additional, Lopukhov, Platon D, additional, Lotufo, Paulo A, additional, Lu, Alton, additional, Ma, Jianing, additional, Madadin, Mohammed, additional, Mahasha, Phetole Walter, additional, Mahmoudi, Morteza, additional, Majeed, Azeem, additional, Malagón-Rojas, Jeadran N, additional, Maleki, Shokofeh, additional, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, additional, Mansouri, Borhan, additional, Mansournia, Mohammad Ali, additional, Martini, Santi, additional, Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlândio, additional, Martopullo, Ira, additional, Massenburg, Benjamin Ballard, additional, Mastrogiacomo, Claudia I, additional, Mathur, Manu Raj, additional, McAlinden, Colm, additional, McKee, Martin, additional, Medina-Solís, Carlo Eduardo, additional, Meharie, Birhanu Geta, additional, Mehndiratta, Man Mohan, additional, Mehrabi Nasab, Entezar, additional, Mehri, Fereshteh, additional, Mehrotra, Ravi, additional, Mekonnen, Teferi, additional, Melese, Addisu, additional, Memiah, Peter T N, additional, Mendoza, Walter, additional, Menezes, Ritesh G, additional, Mensah, George A, additional, Meretoja, Tuomo J, additional, Meretoja, Atte, additional, Mestrovic, Tomislav, additional, Miazgowski, Bartosz, additional, Michalek, Irmina Maria, additional, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M, additional, Mirzaei, Maryam, additional, Mirzaei-Alavijeh, Mehdi, additional, Mitchell, Philip B, additional, Moazen, Babak, additional, Moghadaszadeh, Masoud, additional, Mohamadi, Efat, additional, Mohammad, Yousef, additional, Mohammad, Dara K, additional, Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, Naser, additional, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah, additional, Mohammed, Shafiu, additional, Mohammed, Jemal Abdu, additional, Mokdad, Ali H, additional, Monasta, Lorenzo, additional, Mondello, Stefania, additional, Moradi, Masoud, additional, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, additional, Moradzadeh, Rahmatollah, additional, Moraga, Paula, additional, Morgado-da-Costa, Joana, additional, Morrison, Shane Douglas, additional, Mosapour, Abbas, additional, Mosser, Jonathan F, additional, Mousavi Khaneghah, Amin, additional, Muriithi, Moses K, additional, Mustafa, Ghulam, additional, Nabhan, Ashraf F, additional, Naderi, Mehdi, additional, Nagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman, additional, Naghavi, Mohsen, additional, Naghshtabrizi, Behshad, additional, Naimzada, Mukhammad David, additional, Nangia, Vinay, additional, Nansseu, Jobert Richie, additional, Nayak, Vinod C, additional, Nazari, Javad, additional, Ndejjo, Rawlance, additional, Negoi, Ionut, additional, Negoi, Ruxandra Irina, additional, Neupane, Subas, additional, Ngari, Kiirithio N, additional, Nguefack-Tsague, Georges, additional, Ngunjiri, Josephine W, additional, Nguyen, Cuong Tat, additional, Nguyen, Diep Ngoc, additional, Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi, additional, Nnaji, Chukwudi A, additional, Nomura, Shuhei, additional, Norheim, Ole F, additional, Noubiap, Jean Jacques, additional, Nowak, Christoph, additional, Nunez-Samudio, Virginia, additional, Otoiu, Adrian, additional, Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, additional, Oghenetega, Onome Bright, additional, Oh, In-Hwan, additional, Okunga, Emmanuel Wandera, additional, Oladnabi, Morteza, additional, Olagunju, Andrew T, additional, Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun, additional, Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, additional, Oluwasanu, Mojisola Morenike, additional, Omar Bali, Ahmed, additional, Omer, Muktar Omer, additional, Ong, Kanyin L, additional, Onwujekwe, Obinna E, additional, Ortega-Altamirano, Doris V V, additional, Ortiz, Alberto, additional, Ostojic, Sergej M, additional, Otstavnov, Nikita, additional, Otstavnov, Stanislav S, additional, Øverland, Simon, additional, Owolabi, Mayowa O, additional, Padubidri, Jagadish Rao., additional, Pakhale, Smita, additional, Palladino, Raffaele, additional, Pana, Adrian, additional, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, additional, Pangaribuan, Helena Ullyartha, additional, Pathak, Mona, additional, Patton, George C, additional, Paudel, Sagun, additional, Pazoki Toroudi, Hamidreza, additional, Pease, Spencer A, additional, Peden, Amy E, additional, Pennini, Alyssa, additional, Peprah, Emmanuel K, additional, Pereira, Jeevan, additional, Pigott, David M, additional, Pilgrim, Thomas, additional, Pilz, Tessa M, additional, Pinheiro, Marina, additional, Piradov, Michael A, additional, Pirsaheb, Meghdad, additional, Pokhrel, Khem Narayan, additional, Postma, Maarten J, additional, Pourjafar, Hadi, additional, Pourmalek, Farshad, additional, Pourmirza Kalhori, Reza, additional, Pourshams, Akram, additional, Prada, Sergio I, additional, Pribadi, Dimas Ria Angga, additional, Pupillo, Elisabetta, additional, Quazi Syed, Zahiruddin, additional, Radfar, Amir, additional, Rafiee, Ata, additional, Rafiei, Alireza, additional, Raggi, Alberto, additional, Rahim, Fakher, additional, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, additional, Rajabpour-Sanati, Ali, additional, Rana, Saleem Muhammad, additional, Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal, additional, Rao, Sowmya J, additional, Rasella, Davide, additional, Rashedi, Vahid, additional, Rath, Goura Kishor, additional, Rathi, Priya, additional, Rawaf, Salman, additional, Rawaf, David Laith, additional, Rawal, Lal, additional, Rawassizadeh, Reza, additional, Razo, Christian, additional, Renjith, Vishnu, additional, Renzaho, Andre M N, additional, Reshmi, Bhageerathy, additional, Rezaei, Nima, additional, Riahi, Seyed Mohammad, additional, Ribeiro, Daniel Cury, additional, Rickard, Jennifer, additional, Roberts, Nicholas L S, additional, Roever, Leonardo, additional, Romoli, Michele, additional, Ronfani, Luca, additional, Roshandel, Gholamreza, additional, Rubagotti, Enrico, additional, Rwegerera, Godfrey M, additional, Sabour, Siamak, additional, Sachdev, Perminder S, additional, Saddik, Basema, additional, Sadeghi, Masoumeh, additional, Sadeghi, Ehsan, additional, Safari, Yahya, additional, Sagar, Rajesh, additional, Sahebkar, Amirhossein, additional, Sahraian, Mohammad Ali, additional, Sajadi, S. Mohammad, additional, Salahshoor, Mohammad Reza, additional, Salem, Marwa R Rashad, additional, Salem, Hosni, additional, Salomon, Joshua, additional, Samadi Kafil, Hossein, additional, Samy, Abdallah M, additional, Sanabria, Juan, additional, Santric-Milicevic, Milena M, additional, Saraswathy, Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer, additional, Sarmiento-Suárez, Rodrigo, additional, Sartorius, Benn, additional, Sarveazad, Arash, additional, Sathian, Brijesh, additional, Sathish, Thirunavukkarasu, additional, Sattin, Davide, additional, Savic, Miloje, additional, Sawyer, Susan M, additional, Saxena, Deepak, additional, Sbarra, Alyssa N, additional, Schaeffer, Lauren E, additional, Schiavolin, Silvia, additional, Schmidt, Maria Inês, additional, Schutte, Aletta Elisabeth, additional, Schwebel, David C, additional, Schwendicke, Falk, additional, Seedat, Soraya, additional, Sha, Feng, additional, Shahabi, Saeed, additional, Shaheen, Amira A, additional, Shaikh, Masood Ali, additional, Shamsizadeh, Morteza, additional, Shannawaz, Mohammed, additional, Sharafi, Kiomars, additional, Sharara, Fablina, additional, Sharifi, Hamid, additional, Shaw, David H, additional, Sheikh, Aziz, additional, Sheikhtaheri, Abbas, additional, Shetty, B Suresh Kumar, additional, Shibuya, Kenji, additional, Shiferaw, Wondimeneh Shibabaw, additional, Shigematsu, Mika, additional, Shin, Jae Il, additional, Shiri, Rahman, additional, Shirkoohi, Reza, additional, Shivakumar, K M, additional, Shrime, Mark G, additional, Shuval, Kerem, additional, Siabani, Soraya, additional, Sierpinski, Radoslaw, additional, Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora, additional, Sigurvinsdottir, Rannveig, additional, Silva, Diego Augusto Santos, additional, Silva, João Pedro, additional, Simonetti, Biagio, additional, Simpson, Kyle E, additional, Singh, Jasvinder A, additional, Singh, Pushpendra, additional, Sinha, Dhirendra Narain, additional, Skryabin, Valentin Yurievich, additional, Smith, Emma U R, additional, Soheili, Amin, additional, Soltani, Shahin, additional, Soofi, Moslem, additional, Sorensen, Reed J.D., additional, Soriano, Joan B, additional, Sorrie, Muluken Bekele, additional, Soyiri, Ireneous N, additional, Spurlock, Emma Elizabeth, additional, Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T, additional, Stanaway, Jeffrey D, additional, Steel, Nicholas, additional, Stein, Caroline, additional, Stokes, Mark A, additional, Sufiyan, Mu'awiyyah Babale, additional, Suleria, Hafiz Ansar Rasul, additional, Sultan, Iyad, additional, Szumowski, Łukasz, additional, Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael, additional, Tabuchi, Takahiro, additional, Tadakamadla, Santosh Kumar, additional, Taddele, Biruk Wogayehu, additional, Tadesse, Degena Bahrey, additional, Taherkhani, Amir, additional, Tamiru, Animut Tagele, additional, Tanser, Frank C, additional, Tareque, Md Ismail, additional, Tarigan, Ingan Ukur, additional, Teagle, Whitney L, additional, Tediosi, Fabrizio, additional, Tefera, Yonas Getaye Getaye, additional, Tela, Freweini Gebrearegay, additional, Tessema, Zemenu Tadesse, additional, Thakur, Bhaskar, additional, Titova, Mariya Vladimirovna, additional, Tonelli, Marcello, additional, Topor-Madry, Roman, additional, Topouzis, Fotis, additional, Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto Roberto, additional, Tran, Bach Xuan, additional, Travillian, Ravensara, additional, Troeger, Christopher E, additional, Tudor Car, Lorainne, additional, Uddin, Riaz, additional, Ullah, Irfan, additional, Umeokonkwo, Chukwuma David, additional, Unnikrishnan, Bhaskaran, additional, Upadhyay, Era, additional, Uthman, Olalekan A, additional, Vacante, Marco, additional, Valdez, Pascual R, additional, Varughese, Santosh, additional, Vasankari, Tommi Juhani, additional, Vasseghian, Yasser, additional, Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy, additional, Violante, Francesco S, additional, Vlassov, Vasily, additional, Vollset, Stein Emil, additional, Vongpradith, Avina, additional, Vos, Theo, additional, Waheed, Yasir, additional, Walters, Magdalene K, additional, Wamai, Richard G, additional, Wang, Haidong, additional, Wang, Yuan-Pang, additional, Weintraub, Robert G, additional, Weiss, Jordan, additional, Werdecker, Andrea, additional, Westerman, Ronny, additional, Wilner, Lauren B, additional, Woldu, Gebremariam, additional, Wolfe, Charles D A, additional, Wu, Ai-Min, additional, Wulf Hanson, Sarah, additional, Xie, Yang, additional, Xu, Rixing, additional, Yahyazadeh Jabbari, Seyed Hossein, additional, Yamagishi, Kazumasa, additional, Yano, Yuichiro, additional, Yaya, Sanni, additional, Yazdi-Feyzabadi, Vahid, additional, Yearwood, Jamal A, additional, Yeshitila, Yordanos Gizachew, additional, Yip, Paul, additional, Yonemoto, Naohiro, additional, Younis, Mustafa Z, additional, Yousefi, Zabihollah, additional, Yousefinezhadi, Taraneh, additional, Yusefzadeh, Hasan, additional, Zadey, Siddhesh, additional, Zahirian Moghadam, Telma, additional, Zaidi, Syed Saoud, additional, Zaki, Leila, additional, Zaman, Sojib Bin, additional, Zamani, Mohammad, additional, Zamanian, Maryam, additional, Zandian, Hamed, additional, Zastrozhin, Mikhail Sergeevich, additional, Zewdie, Kaleab Alemayehu, additional, Zhang, Yunquan, additional, Zhao, Xiu-Ju George, additional, Zhao, Yingxi, additional, Zheng, Peng, additional, Zhu, Cong, additional, Ziapour, Arash, additional, Zlavog, Bianca S, additional, Zodpey, Sanjay, additional, and Murray, Christopher J L, additional
Published: 2020
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20. Global burden of 87 risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author: Murray, Christopher J L, primary, Aravkin, Aleksandr Y, additional, Zheng, Peng, additional, Abbafati, Cristiana, additional, Abbas, Kaja M, additional, Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen, additional, Abd-Allah, Foad, additional, Abdelalim, Ahmed, additional, Abdollahi, Mohammad, additional, Abdollahpour, Ibrahim, additional, Abegaz, Kedir Hussein, additional, Abolhassani, Hassan, additional, Aboyans, Victor, additional, Abreu, Lucas Guimarães, additional, Abrigo, Michael R M, additional, Abualhasan, Ahmed, additional, Abu-Raddad, Laith Jamal, additional, Abushouk, Abdelrahman I, additional, Adabi, Maryam, additional, Adekanmbi, Victor, additional, Adeoye, Abiodun Moshood, additional, Adetokunboh, Olatunji O, additional, Adham, Davoud, additional, Advani, Shailesh M, additional, Agarwal, Gina, additional, Aghamir, Seyed Mohammad Kazem, additional, Agrawal, Anurag, additional, Ahmad, Tauseef, additional, Ahmadi, Keivan, additional, Ahmadi, Mehdi, additional, Ahmadieh, Hamid, additional, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, additional, Akalu, Temesgen Yihunie, additional, Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola, additional, Akinyemiju, Tomi, additional, Akombi, Blessing, additional, Akunna, Chisom Joyqueenet, additional, Alahdab, Fares, additional, Al-Aly, Ziyad, additional, Alam, Khurshid, additional, Alam, Samiah, additional, Alam, Tahiya, additional, Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour, additional, Alanzi, Turki M, additional, Alemu, Biresaw wassihun, additional, Alhabib, Khalid F, additional, Ali, Muhammad, additional, Ali, Saqib, additional, Alicandro, Gianfranco, additional, Alinia, Cyrus, additional, Alipour, Vahid, additional, Alizade, Hesam, additional, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, additional, Alla, François, additional, Allebeck, Peter, additional, Almasi-Hashiani, Amir, additional, Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M, additional, Alonso, Jordi, additional, Altirkawi, Khalid A, additional, Amini-Rarani, Mostafa, additional, Amiri, Fatemeh, additional, Amugsi, Dickson A, additional, Ancuceanu, Robert, additional, Anderlini, Deanna, additional, Anderson, Jason A, additional, Andrei, Catalina Liliana, additional, Andrei, Tudorel, additional, Angus, Colin, additional, Anjomshoa, Mina, additional, Ansari, Fereshteh, additional, Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza, additional, Antonazzo, Ippazio Cosimo, additional, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T, additional, Antony, Catherine M, additional, Antriyandarti, Ernoiz, additional, Anvari, Davood, additional, Anwer, Razique, additional, Appiah, Seth Christopher Yaw, additional, Arabloo, Jalal, additional, Arab-Zozani, Morteza, additional, Ariani, Filippo, additional, Armoon, Bahram, additional, Ärnlöv, Johan, additional, Arzani, Afsaneh, additional, Asadi-Aliabadi, Mehran, additional, Asadi-Pooya, Ali A, additional, Ashbaugh, Charlie, additional, Assmus, Michael, additional, Atafar, Zahra, additional, Atnafu, Desta Debalkie, additional, Atout, Maha Moh'd Wahbi, additional, Ausloos, Floriane, additional, Ausloos, Marcel, additional, Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina, additional, Ayano, Getinet, additional, Ayanore, Martin Amogre, additional, Azari, Samad, additional, Azarian, Ghasem, additional, Azene, Zelalem Nigussie, additional, Badawi, Alaa, additional, Badiye, Ashish D, additional, Bahrami, Mohammad Amin, additional, Bakhshaei, Mohammad Hossein, additional, Bakhtiari, Ahad, additional, Bakkannavar, Shankar M, additional, Baldasseroni, Alberto, additional, Ball, Kylie, additional, Ballew, Shoshana H, additional, Balzi, Daniela, additional, Banach, Maciej, additional, Banerjee, Srikanta K, additional, Bante, Agegnehu Bante, additional, Baraki, Adhanom Gebreegziabher, additional, Barker-Collo, Suzanne Lyn, additional, Bärnighausen, Till Winfried, additional, Barrero, Lope H, additional, Barthelemy, Celine M, additional, Barua, Lingkan, additional, Basu, Sanjay, additional, Baune, Bernhard T, additional, Bayati, Mohsen, additional, Becker, Jacob S, additional, Bedi, Neeraj, additional, Beghi, Ettore, additional, Béjot, Yannick, additional, Bell, Michellr L, additional, Bennitt, Fiona B, additional, Bensenor, Isabela M, additional, Berhe, Kidanemaryam, additional, Berman, Adam E, additional, Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth, additional, Bhageerathy, Reshmi, additional, Bhala, Neeraj, additional, Bhandari, Dinesh, additional, Bhattacharyya, Krittika, additional, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, additional, Bijani, Ali, additional, Bikbov, Boris, additional, Bin Sayeed, Muhammad Shahdaat, additional, Biondi, Antonio, additional, Birihane, Binyam Minuye, additional, Bisignano, Catherine, additional, Biswas, Raaj Kishore, additional, Bitew, Helen, additional, Bohlouli, Somayeh, additional, Bohluli, Mehdi, additional, Boon-Dooley, Alexandra S, additional, Borges, Guilherme, additional, Borzì, Antonio Maria, additional, Borzouei, Shiva, additional, Bosetti, Cristina, additional, Boufous, Soufiane, additional, Braithwaite, Dejana, additional, Breitborde, Nicholas J K, additional, Breitner, Susanne, additional, Brenner, Hermann, additional, Briant, Paul Svitil, additional, Briko, Andrey Nikolaevich, additional, Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich, additional, Britton, Gabrielle B, additional, Bryazka, Dana, additional, Bumgarner, Blair R, additional, Burkart, Katrin, additional, Burnett, Richard Thomas, additional, Burugina Nagaraja, Sharath, additional, Butt, Zahid A, additional, Caetano dos Santos, Florentino Luciano, additional, Cahill, Leah E, additional, Cámera, Luis LA Alberto, additional, Campos-Nonato, Ismael R, additional, Cárdenas, Rosario, additional, Carreras, Giulia, additional, Carrero, Juan J, additional, Carvalho, Felix, additional, Castaldelli-Maia, Joao Mauricio, additional, Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A, additional, Castelpietra, Giulio, additional, Castro, Franz, additional, Causey, Kate, additional, Cederroth, Christopher R, additional, Cercy, Kelly M, additional, Cerin, Ester, additional, Chandan, Joht Singh, additional, Chang, Kai-Lan, additional, Charlson, Fiona J, additional, Chattu, Vijay Kumar, additional, Chaturvedi, Sarika, additional, Cherbuin, Nicolas, additional, Chimed-Ochir, Odgerel, additional, Cho, Daniel Youngwhan, additional, Choi, Jee-Young Jasmine, additional, Christensen, Hanne, additional, Chu, Dinh-Toi, additional, Chung, Michael T, additional, Chung, Sheng-Chia, additional, Cicuttini, Flavia M, additional, Ciobanu, Liliana G, additional, Cirillo, Massimo, additional, Classen, Thomas Khaled Dwayne, additional, Cohen, Aaron J, additional, Compton, Kelly, additional, Cooper, Owen R, additional, Costa, Vera Marisa, additional, Cousin, Ewerton, additional, Cowden, Richard G, additional, Cross, Di H, additional, Cruz, Jessica A, additional, Dahlawi, Saad M A, additional, Damasceno, Albertino Antonio Moura, additional, Damiani, Giovanni, additional, Dandona, Lalit, additional, Dandona, Rakhi, additional, Dangel, William James, additional, Danielsson, Anna-Karin, additional, Dargan, Paul I, additional, Darwesh, Aso Mohammad, additional, Daryani, Ahmad, additional, Das, Jai K, additional, Das Gupta, Rajat, additional, das Neves, José, additional, Dávila-Cervantes, Claudio Alberto, additional, Davitoiu, Dragos Virgil, additional, De Leo, Diego, additional, Degenhardt, Louisa, additional, DeLang, Marissa, additional, Dellavalle, Robert Paul, additional, Demeke, Feleke Mekonnen, additional, Demoz, Gebre Teklemariam, additional, Demsie, Desalegn Getnet, additional, Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar, additional, Dervenis, Nikolaos, additional, Dhungana, Govinda Prasad, additional, Dianatinasab, Mostafa, additional, Dias da Silva, Diana, additional, Diaz, Daniel, additional, Dibaji Forooshani, Zahra Sadat, additional, Djalalinia, Shirin, additional, Do, Hoa Thi, additional, Dokova, Klara, additional, Dorostkar, Fariba, additional, Doshmangir, Leila, additional, Driscoll, Tim Robert, additional, Duncan, Bruce B, additional, Duraes, Andre Rodrigues, additional, Eagan, Arielle Wilder, additional, Edvardsson, David, additional, El Nahas, Nevine, additional, El Sayed, Iman, additional, El Tantawi, Maha, additional, Elbarazi, Iffat, additional, Elgendy, Islam Y, additional, El-Jaafary, Shaimaa I, additional, Elyazar, Iqbal RF, additional, Emmons-Bell, Sophia, additional, Erskine, Holly E, additional, Eskandarieh, Sharareh, additional, Esmaeilnejad, Saman, additional, Esteghamati, Alireza, additional, Estep, Kara, additional, Etemadi, Arash, additional, Etisso, Atkilt Esaiyas, additional, Fanzo, Jessica, additional, Farahmand, Mohammad, additional, Fareed, Mohammad, additional, Faridnia, Roghiyeh, additional, Farioli, Andrea, additional, Faro, Andre, additional, Faruque, Mithila, additional, Farzadfar, Farshad, additional, Fattahi, Nazir, additional, Fazlzadeh, Mehdi, additional, Feigin, Valery L, additional, Feldman, Rachel, additional, Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, additional, Fernandes, Eduarda, additional, Ferrara, Giannina, additional, Ferrari, Alize J, additional, Ferreira, Manuela L, additional, Filip, Irina, additional, Fischer, Florian, additional, Fisher, James L, additional, Flor, Luisa Sorio, additional, Foigt, Nataliya A, additional, Folayan, Morenike Oluwatoyin, additional, Fomenkov, Artem Alekseevich, additional, Force, Lisa M, additional, Foroutan, Masoud, additional, Franklin, Richard Charles, additional, Freitas, Marisa, additional, Fu, Weijia, additional, Fukumoto, Takeshi, additional, Furtado, João M, additional, Gad, Mohamed M, additional, Gakidou, Emmanuela, additional, Gallus, Silvano, additional, Garcia-Basteiro, Alberto L, additional, Gardner, William M, additional, Geberemariyam, Biniyam Sahiledengle, additional, Gebreslassie, Assefa Ayalew Ayalew Ayalew, additional, Geremew, Abraham, additional, Gershberg Hayoon, Anna, additional, Gething, Peter W, additional, Ghadimi, Maryam, additional, Ghadiri, Keyghobad, additional, Ghaffarifar, Fatemeh, additional, Ghafourifard, Mansour, additional, Ghamari, Farhad, additional, Ghashghaee, Ahmad, additional, Ghiasvand, Hesam, additional, Ghith, Nermin, additional, Gholamian, Asadollah, additional, Ghosh, Rakesh, additional, Gill, Paramjit Singh, additional, Ginindza, Themba G G, additional, Giussani, Giorgia, additional, Gnedovskaya, Elena V, additional, Goharinezhad, Salime, additional, Gopalani, Sameer Vali, additional, Gorini, Giuseppe, additional, Goudarzi, Houman, additional, Goulart, Alessandra C, additional, Greaves, Felix, additional, Grivna, Michal, additional, Grosso, Giuseppe, additional, Gubari, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen, additional, Gugnani, Harish Chander, additional, Guimarães, Rafael Alves, additional, Guled, Rashid Abdi, additional, Guo, Gaorui, additional, Guo, Yuming, additional, Gupta, Rajeev, additional, Gupta, Tarun, additional, Haddock, Beatrix, additional, Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, additional, Hafiz, Abdul, additional, Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin, additional, Haj-Mirzaian, Arya, additional, Hall, Brian J, additional, Halvaei, Iman, additional, Hamadeh, Randah R, additional, Hamidi, Samer, additional, Hammer, Melanie S, additional, Hankey, Graeme J, additional, Haririan, Hamidreza, additional, Haro, Josep Maria, additional, Hasaballah, Ahmed I, additional, Hasan, Md Mehedi, additional, Hasanpoor, Edris, additional, Hashi, Abdiwahab, additional, Hassanipour, Soheil, additional, Hassankhani, Hadi, additional, Havmoeller, Rasmus J, additional, Hay, Simon I, additional, Hayat, Khezar, additional, Heidari, Golnaz, additional, Heidari-Soureshjani, Reza, additional, Henrikson, Hannah J, additional, Herbert, Molly E, additional, Herteliu, Claudiu, additional, Heydarpour, Fatemeh, additional, Hird, Thomas R, additional, Hoek, Hans W, additional, Holla, Ramesh, additional, Hoogar, Praveen, additional, Hosgood, H Dean, additional, Hossain, Naznin, additional, Hosseini, Mostafa, additional, Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi, additional, Hostiuc, Mihaela, additional, Hostiuc, Sorin, additional, Househ, Mowafa, additional, Hsairi, Mohamed, additional, Hsieh, Vivian Chia-rong, additional, Hu, Guoqing, additional, Hu, Kejia, additional, Huda, Tanvir M, additional, Humayun, Ayesha, additional, Huynh, Chantal K, additional, Hwang, Bing-Fang, additional, Iannucci, Vincent C, additional, Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel, additional, Ikeda, Nayu, additional, Ikuta, Kevin S, additional, Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen, additional, Ilic, Irena M, additional, Ilic, Milena D, additional, Inbaraj, Leeberk Raja, additional, Ippolito, Helen, additional, Iqbal, Usman, additional, Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi, additional, Irvine, Caleb Mackay Salpeter, additional, Islam, M Mofizul, additional, Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful, additional, Iso, Hiroyasu, additional, Ivers, Rebecca Q, additional, Iwu, Chidozie C D, additional, Iwu, Chinwe Juliana, additional, Iyamu, Ihoghosa Osamuyi, additional, Jaafari, Jalil, additional, Jacobsen, Kathryn H, additional, Jafari, Hussain, additional, Jafarinia, Morteza, additional, Jahani, Mohammad Ali, additional, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo, additional, Jalilian, Farzad, additional, James, Spencer L, additional, Janjani, Hosna, additional, Javaheri, Tahereh, additional, Javidnia, Javad, additional, Jeemon, Panniyammakal, additional, Jenabi, Ensiyeh, additional, Jha, Ravi Prakash, additional, Jha, Vivekanand, additional, Ji, John S, additional, Johansson, Lars, additional, John, Oommen, additional, John-Akinola, Yetunde O, additional, Johnson, Catherine Owens, additional, Jonas, Jost B, additional, Joukar, Farahnaz, additional, Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy, additional, Jürisson, Mikk, additional, Kabir, Ali, additional, Kabir, Zubair, additional, Kalani, Hamed, additional, Kalani, Rizwan, additional, Kalankesh, Leila R, additional, Kalhor, Rohollah, additional, Kanchan, Tanuj, additional, Kapoor, Neeti, additional, Karami Matin, Behzad, additional, Karch, André, additional, Karim, Mohd Anisul, additional, Kassa, Getachew Mullu, additional, Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal, additional, Kayode, Gbenga A, additional, Kazemi Karyani, Ali, additional, Keiyoro, Peter Njenga, additional, Keller, Cathleen, additional, Kemmer, Laura, additional, Kendrick, Parkes J, additional, Khalid, Nauman, additional, Khammarnia, Mohammad, additional, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, additional, Khan, Maseer, additional, Khatab, Khaled, additional, Khater, Mona M, additional, Khatib, Mahalaqua Nazli, additional, Khayamzadeh, Maryam, additional, Khazaei, Salman, additional, Kieling, Christian, additional, Kim, Yun Jin, additional, Kimokoti, Ruth W, additional, Kisa, Adnan, additional, Kisa, Sezer, additional, Kivimäki, Mika, additional, Knibbs, Luke D, additional, Knudsen, Ann Kristin Skrindo, additional, Kocarnik, Jonathan M, additional, Kochhar, Sonali, additional, Kopec, Jacek A, additional, Korshunov, Vladimir Andreevich, additional, Koul, Parvaiz A, additional, Koyanagi, Ai, additional, Kraemer, Moritz U G, additional, Krishan, Kewal, additional, Krohn, Kris J, additional, Kromhout, Hans, additional, Kuate Defo, Barthelemy, additional, Kumar, G Anil, additional, Kumar, Vivek, additional, Kurmi, Om P, additional, Kusuma, Dian, additional, La Vecchia, Carlo, additional, Lacey, Ben, additional, Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, additional, Lalloo, Ratilal, additional, Lallukka, Tea, additional, Lami, Faris Hasan, additional, Landires, Iván, additional, Lang, Justin J, additional, Langan, Sinéad M, additional, Larsson, Anders O, additional, Lasrado, Savita, additional, Lauriola, Paolo, additional, Lazarus, Jeffrey V, additional, Lee, Paul H, additional, Lee, Shaun Wen Huey, additional, LeGrand, Kate E, additional, Leigh, James, additional, Leonardi, Matilde, additional, Lescinsky, Haley, additional, Leung, Janni, additional, Levi, Miriam, additional, Li, Shanshan, additional, Lim, Lee-Ling, additional, Linn, Shai, additional, Liu, Shiwei, additional, Liu, Simin, additional, Liu, Yang, additional, Lo, Justin, additional, Lopez, Alan D, additional, Lopez, Jaifred Christian F, additional, Lopukhov, Platon D, additional, Lorkowski, Stefan, additional, Lotufo, Paulo A, additional, Lu, Alton, additional, Lugo, Alessandra, additional, Maddison, Emilie R, additional, Mahasha, Phetole Walter, additional, Mahdavi, Mokhtar Mahdavi, additional, Mahmoudi, Morteza, additional, Majeed, Azeem, additional, Maleki, Afshin, additional, Maleki, Shokofeh, additional, Malekzadeh, Reza, additional, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, additional, Mamun, Abdullah A, additional, Manda, Ana Laura, additional, Manguerra, Helena, additional, Mansour-Ghanaei, Fariborz, additional, Mansouri, Borhan, additional, Mansournia, Mohammad Ali, additional, Mantilla Herrera, Ana M, additional, Maravilla, Joemer C, additional, Marks, Ashley, additional, Martin, Randall V, additional, Martini, Santi, additional, Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlândio, additional, Masaka, Anthony, additional, Masoumi, Seyedeh Zahra, additional, Mathur, Manu Raj, additional, Matsushita, Kunihiro, additional, Maulik, Pallab K, additional, McAlinden, Colm, additional, McGrath, John J, additional, McKee, Martin, additional, Mehndiratta, Man Mohan, additional, Mehri, Fereshteh, additional, Mehta, Kala M, additional, Memish, Ziad A, additional, Mendoza, Walter, additional, Menezes, Ritesh G, additional, Mengesha, Endalkachew Worku, additional, Mereke, Alibek, additional, Mereta, Seid Tiku, additional, Meretoja, Atte, additional, Meretoja, Tuomo J, additional, Mestrovic, Tomislav, additional, Miazgowski, Bartosz, additional, Miazgowski, Tomasz, additional, Michalek, Irmina Maria, additional, Miller, Ted R, additional, Mills, Edward J, additional, Mini, GK, additional, Miri, Mohammad, additional, Mirica, Andreea, additional, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M, additional, Mirzaei, Hamed, additional, Mirzaei, Maryam, additional, Mirzaei, Roya, additional, Mirzaei-Alavijeh, Mehdi, additional, Misganaw, Awoke Temesgen, additional, Mithra, Prasanna, additional, Moazen, Babak, additional, Mohammad, Dara K, additional, Mohammad, Yousef, additional, Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, Naser, additional, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah, additional, Mohammadifard, Noushin, additional, Mohammadpourhodki, Reza, additional, Mohammed, Ammas Siraj, additional, Mohammed, Hussen, additional, Mohammed, Jemal Abdu, additional, Mohammed, Shafiu, additional, Mokdad, Ali H, additional, Molokhia, Mariam, additional, Monasta, Lorenzo, additional, Mooney, Meghan D, additional, Moradi, Ghobad, additional, Moradi, Masoud, additional, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, additional, Moradzadeh, Rahmatollah, additional, Moraga, Paula, additional, Morawska, Lidia, additional, Morgado-da-Costa, Joana, additional, Morrison, Shane Douglas, additional, Mosapour, Abbas, additional, Mosser, Jonathan F, additional, Mouodi, Simin, additional, Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam, additional, Mousavi Khaneghah, Amin, additional, Mueller, Ulrich Otto, additional, Mukhopadhyay, Satinath, additional, Mullany, Erin C, additional, Musa, Kamarul Imran, additional, Muthupandian, Saravanan, additional, Nabhan, Ashraf F, additional, Naderi, Mehdi, additional, Nagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman, additional, Nagel, Gabriele, additional, Naghavi, Mohsen, additional, Naghshtabrizi, Behshad, additional, Naimzada, Mukhammad David, additional, Najafi, Farid, additional, Nangia, Vinay, additional, Nansseu, Jobert Richie, additional, Naserbakht, Morteza, additional, Nayak, Vinod C, additional, Negoi, Ionut, additional, Ngunjiri, Josephine W, additional, Nguyen, Cuong Tat, additional, Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi, additional, Nguyen, Minh, additional, Nigatu, Yeshambel T, additional, Nikbakhsh, Rajan, additional, Nixon, Molly R, additional, Nnaji, Chukwudi A, additional, Nomura, Shuhei, additional, Norrving, Bo, additional, Noubiap, Jean Jacques, additional, Nowak, Christoph, additional, Nunez-Samudio, Virginia, additional, Oţoiu, Adrian, additional, Oancea, Bogdan, additional, Odell, Christopher M, additional, Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, additional, Oh, In-Hwan, additional, Okunga, Emmanuel Wandera, additional, Oladnabi, Morteza, additional, Olagunju, Andrew T, additional, Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, additional, Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun, additional, Omer, Muktar Omer, additional, Ong, Kanyin L, additional, Onwujekwe, Obinna E, additional, Orpana, Heather M, additional, Ortiz, Alberto, additional, Osarenotor, Osayomwanbo, additional, Osei, Frank B, additional, Ostroff, Samuel M, additional, Otstavnov, Nikita, additional, Otstavnov, Stanislav S, additional, Øverland, Simon, additional, Owolabi, Mayowa O, additional, P A, Mahesh, additional, Padubidri, Jagadish Rao, additional, Palladino, Raffaele, additional, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, additional, Pandey, Anamika, additional, Parry, Charles D H, additional, Pasovic, Maja, additional, Pasupula, Deepak Kumar, additional, Patel, Sangram Kishor, additional, Pathak, Mona, additional, Patten, Scott B, additional, Patton, George C, additional, Pazoki Toroudi, Hamidreza, additional, Peden, Amy E, additional, Pennini, Alyssa, additional, Pepito, Veincent Christian Filipino, additional, Peprah, Emmanuel K, additional, Pereira, David M, additional, Pesudovs, Konrad, additional, Pham, Hai Quang, additional, Phillips, Michael R, additional, Piccinelli, Cristiano, additional, Pilz, Tessa M, additional, Piradov, Michael A, additional, Pirsaheb, Meghdad, additional, Plass, Dietrich, additional, Polinder, Suzanne, additional, Polkinghorne, Kevan R, additional, Pond, Constance Dimity, additional, Postma, Maarten J, additional, Pourjafar, Hadi, additional, Pourmalek, Farshad, additional, Poznańska, Anna, additional, Prada, Sergio I, additional, Prakash, V, additional, Pribadi, Dimas Ria Angga, additional, Pupillo, Elisabetta, additional, Quazi Syed, Zahiruddin, additional, Rabiee, Mohammad, additional, Rabiee, Navid, additional, Radfar, Amir, additional, Rafiee, Ata, additional, Raggi, Alberto, additional, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, additional, Rajabpour-Sanati, Ali, additional, Rajati, Fatemeh, additional, Rakovac, Ivo, additional, Ram, Pradhum, additional, Ramezanzadeh, Kiana, additional, Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal, additional, Rao, Puja C, additional, Rao, Sowmya J, additional, Rashedi, Vahid, additional, Rathi, Priya, additional, Rawaf, David Laith, additional, Rawaf, Salman, additional, Rawal, Lal, additional, Rawassizadeh, Reza, additional, Rawat, Ramu, additional, Razo, Christian, additional, Redford, Sofia Boston, additional, Reiner, Robert C, additional, Reitsma, Marissa Bettay, additional, Remuzzi, Giuseppe, additional, Renjith, Vishnu, additional, Renzaho, Andre M N, additional, Resnikoff, Serge, additional, Rezaei, Negar, additional, Rezaei, Nima, additional, Rezapour, Aziz, additional, Rhinehart, Phoebe-Anne, additional, Riahi, Seyed Mohammad, additional, Ribeiro, Daniel Cury, additional, Ribeiro, Daniela, additional, Rickard, Jennifer, additional, Rivera, Juan A, additional, Roberts, Nicholas L S, additional, Rodríguez-Ramírez, Sonia, additional, Roever, Leonardo, additional, Ronfani, Luca, additional, Room, Robin, additional, Roshandel, Gholamreza, additional, Roth, Gregory A, additional, Rothenbacher, Dietrich, additional, Rubagotti, Enrico, additional, Rwegerera, Godfrey M, additional, Sabour, Siamak, additional, Sachdev, Perminder S, additional, Saddik, Basema, additional, Sadeghi, Ehsan, additional, Sadeghi, Masoumeh, additional, Saeedi, Reza, additional, Saeedi Moghaddam, Sahar, additional, Safari, Yahya, additional, Safi, Sare, additional, Safiri, Saeid, additional, Sagar, Rajesh, additional, Sahebkar, Amirhossein, additional, Sajadi, S Mohammad, additional, Salam, Nasir, additional, Salamati, Payman, additional, Salem, Hosni, additional, Salem, Marwa R Rashad, additional, Salimzadeh, Hamideh, additional, Salman, Omar Mukhtar, additional, Salomon, Joshua A, additional, Samad, Zainab, additional, Samadi Kafil, Hossein, additional, Sambala, Evanson Zondani, additional, Samy, Abdallah M, additional, Sanabria, Juan, additional, Sánchez-Pimienta, Tania G, additional, Santomauro, Damian Francesco, additional, Santos, Itamar S, additional, Santos, João Vasco, additional, Santric-Milicevic, Milena M, additional, Saraswathy, Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer, additional, Sarmiento-Suárez, Rodrigo, additional, Sarrafzadegan, Nizal, additional, Sartorius, Benn, additional, Sarveazad, Arash, additional, Sathian, Brijesh, additional, Sathish, Thirunavukkarasu, additional, Sattin, Davide, additional, Saxena, Sonia, additional, Schaeffer, Lauren E, additional, Schiavolin, Silvia, additional, Schlaich, Markus P, additional, Schmidt, Maria Inês, additional, Schutte, Aletta Elisabeth, additional, Schwebel, David C, additional, Schwendicke, Falk, additional, Senbeta, Anbissa Muleta, additional, Senthilkumaran, Subramanian, additional, Sepanlou, Sadaf G, additional, Serdar, Berrin, additional, Serre, Marc L, additional, Shadid, Jamileh, additional, Shafaat, Omid, additional, Shahabi, Saeed, additional, Shaheen, Amira A, additional, Shaikh, Masood Ali, additional, Shalash, Ali S, additional, Shams-Beyranvand, Mehran, additional, Shamsizadeh, Morteza, additional, Sharafi, 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Published: 2020
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21. Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author: Vos, Theo, primary, Lim, Stephen S, additional, Abbafati, Cristiana, additional, Abbas, Kaja M, additional, Abbasi, Mohammad, additional, Abbasifard, Mitra, additional, Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen, additional, Abbastabar, Hedayat, additional, Abd-Allah, Foad, additional, Abdelalim, Ahmed, additional, Abdollahi, Mohammad, additional, Abdollahpour, Ibrahim, additional, Abolhassani, Hassan, additional, Aboyans, Victor, additional, Abrams, Elissa M, additional, Abreu, Lucas Guimarães, additional, Abrigo, Michael R M, additional, Abu-Raddad, Laith Jamal, additional, Abushouk, Abdelrahman I, additional, Acebedo, Alyssa, additional, Ackerman, Ilana N, additional, Adabi, Maryam, additional, Adamu, Abdu A, additional, Adebayo, Oladimeji M, additional, Adekanmbi, Victor, additional, Adelson, Jaimie D, additional, Adetokunboh, Olatunji O, additional, Adham, Davoud, additional, Afshari, Mahdi, additional, Afshin, Ashkan, additional, Agardh, Emilie E, additional, Agarwal, Gina, additional, Agesa, Kareha M, additional, Aghaali, Mohammad, additional, Aghamir, Seyed Mohammad Kazem, additional, Agrawal, Anurag, additional, Ahmad, Tauseef, additional, Ahmadi, Alireza, additional, Ahmadi, Mehdi, additional, Ahmadieh, Hamid, additional, Ahmadpour, Ehsan, additional, Akalu, Temesgen Yihunie, additional, Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola, additional, Akinyemiju, Tomi, additional, Akombi, Blessing, additional, Al-Aly, Ziyad, additional, Alam, Khurshid, additional, Alam, Noore, additional, Alam, Samiah, additional, Alam, Tahiya, additional, Alanzi, Turki M, additional, Albertson, Samuel B, additional, Alcalde-Rabanal, Jacqueline Elizabeth, additional, Alema, Niguse Meles, additional, Ali, Muhammad, additional, Ali, Saqib, additional, Alicandro, Gianfranco, additional, Alijanzadeh, Mehran, additional, Alinia, Cyrus, additional, Alipour, Vahid, additional, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, additional, Alla, François, additional, Allebeck, Peter, additional, Almasi-Hashiani, Amir, additional, Alonso, 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additional, Emmons-Bell, Sophia, additional, Erskine, Holly E, additional, Eshrati, Babak, additional, Eskandarieh, Sharareh, additional, Esmaeilnejad, Saman, additional, Esmaeilzadeh, Firooz, additional, Esteghamati, Alireza, additional, Estep, Kara, additional, Etemadi, Arash, additional, Etisso, Atkilt Esaiyas, additional, Farahmand, Mohammad, additional, Faraj, Anwar, additional, Fareed, Mohammad, additional, Faridnia, Roghiyeh, additional, Farinha, Carla Sofia e Sá, additional, Farioli, Andrea, additional, Faro, Andre, additional, Faruque, Mithila, additional, Farzadfar, Farshad, additional, Fattahi, Nazir, additional, Fazlzadeh, Mehdi, additional, Feigin, Valery L, additional, Feldman, Rachel, additional, Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, additional, Fernandes, Eduarda, additional, Ferrari, Alize J, additional, Ferreira, Manuela L, additional, Filip, Irina, additional, Fischer, Florian, additional, Fisher, James L, additional, Fitzgerald, Ryan, additional, Flohr, Carsten, additional, Flor, Luisa Sorio, additional, Foigt, Nataliya A, additional, Folayan, Morenike Oluwatoyin, additional, Force, Lisa M, additional, Fornari, Carla, additional, Foroutan, Masoud, additional, Fox, Jack T, additional, Freitas, Marisa, additional, Fu, Weijia, additional, Fukumoto, Takeshi, additional, Furtado, João M, additional, Gad, Mohamed M, additional, Gakidou, Emmanuela, additional, Galles, Natalie C, additional, Gallus, Silvano, additional, Gamkrelidze, Amiran, additional, Garcia-Basteiro, Alberto L, additional, Gardner, William M, additional, Geberemariyam, Biniyam Sahiledengle, additional, Gebrehiwot, Abiyu Mekonnen, additional, Gebremedhin, Ketema Bizuwork, additional, Gebreslassie, Assefa Ayalew Ayalew Ayalew, additional, Gershberg Hayoon, Anna, additional, Gething, Peter W, additional, Ghadimi, Maryam, additional, Ghadiri, Keyghobad, additional, Ghafourifard, Mansour, additional, Ghajar, Alireza, additional, Ghamari, Farhad, additional, Ghashghaee, Ahmad, additional, 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additional, Hagins, Hailey, additional, Haile, Lydia M, additional, Hall, Brian J, additional, Halvaei, Iman, additional, Hamadeh, Randah R, additional, Hamagharib Abdullah, Kanaan, additional, Hamilton, Erin B, additional, Han, Chieh, additional, Han, Hannah, additional, Hankey, Graeme J, additional, Haro, Josep Maria, additional, Harvey, James D, additional, Hasaballah, Ahmed I, additional, Hasanzadeh, Amir, additional, Hashemian, Maryam, additional, Hassanipour, Soheil, additional, Hassankhani, Hadi, additional, Havmoeller, Rasmus J, additional, Hay, Roderick J, additional, Hay, Simon I, additional, Hayat, Khezar, additional, Heidari, Behnam, additional, Heidari, Golnaz, additional, Heidari-Soureshjani, Reza, additional, Hendrie, Delia, additional, Henrikson, Hannah J, additional, Henry, Nathaniel J, additional, Herteliu, Claudiu, additional, Heydarpour, Fatemeh, additional, Hird, Thomas R, additional, Hoek, Hans W, additional, Hole, Michael K, additional, Holla, Ramesh, additional, 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additional, Kalankesh, Leila R, additional, Kalhor, Rohollah, additional, Kamiab, Zahra, additional, Kanchan, Tanuj, additional, Karami Matin, Behzad, additional, Karch, André, additional, Karim, Mohd Anisul, additional, Karimi, Salah Eddin, additional, Kassa, Getachew Mullu, additional, Kassebaum, Nicholas J, additional, Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal, additional, Kawakami, Norito, additional, Kayode, Gbenga A, additional, Keddie, Suzanne H, additional, Keller, Cathleen, additional, Kereselidze, Maia, additional, Khafaie, Morteza Abdullatif, additional, Khalid, Nauman, additional, Khan, Maseer, additional, Khatab, Khaled, additional, Khater, Mona M, additional, Khatib, Mahalaqua Nazli, additional, Khayamzadeh, Maryam, additional, Khodayari, Mohammad Taghi, additional, Khundkar, Roba, additional, Kianipour, Neda, additional, Kieling, Christian, additional, Kim, Daniel, additional, Kim, Young-Eun, additional, Kim, Yun Jin, additional, Kimokoti, Ruth W, additional, Kisa, Adnan, 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Larson, Samantha Leigh, additional, Larsson, Anders O, additional, Lasrado, Savita, additional, Lassi, Zohra S, additional, Lau, Kathryn Mei-Ming, additional, Lavados, Pablo M, additional, Lazarus, Jeffrey V, additional, Ledesma, Jorge R, additional, Lee, Paul H, additional, Lee, Shaun Wen Huey, additional, LeGrand, Kate E, additional, Leigh, James, additional, Leonardi, Matilde, additional, Lescinsky, Haley, additional, Leung, Janni, additional, Levi, Miriam, additional, Lewington, Sarah, additional, Li, Shanshan, additional, Lim, Lee-Ling, additional, Lin, Christine, additional, Lin, Ro-Ting, additional, Linehan, Christine, additional, Linn, Shai, additional, Liu, Hung-Chun, additional, Liu, Shiwei, additional, Liu, Zichen, additional, Looker, Katharine J, additional, Lopez, Alan D, additional, Lopukhov, Platon D, additional, Lorkowski, Stefan, additional, Lotufo, Paulo A, additional, Lucas, Tim C D, additional, Lugo, Alessandra, additional, Lunevicius, Raimundas, additional, Lyons, 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Published: 2020
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22. Global, regional, and national cancer incidence, mortality, years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-adjusted life-years for 29 cancer groups, 1990 to 2017

Author: Fitzmaurice, Christina, Abate, Degu, Abbasi, Naghmeh, Abbastabar, Hedayat, Abd-Allah, Foad, Abdel-Rahman, Omar, Abdelalim, Ahmed, Abdoli, Amir, Abdollahpour, Ibrahim, Abdulle, Abdishakur SM, Abebe, Nebiyu Dereje, Abraha, Haftom Niguse, Abu-Raddad, Laith Jamal, Abualhasan, Ahmed, Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi, Advani, Shailesh M, Afarideh, Mohsen, Afshari, Mahdi, Aghaali, Mohammad, Agius, Dominic, Agrawal, Sutapa, Ahmadi, Ayat, Ahmadian, Elham, Ahmadpour, Ehsan, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Akbari, Mohammad Esmaeil, Akinyemiju, Tomi, Al-Aly, Ziyad, AlAbdulKader, Assim M, Alahdab, Fares, Alam, Tahiya, Alamene, Genet Melak, Alemnew, Birhan Tamene T, Alene, Kefyalew Addis, Alinia, Cyrus, Alipour, Vahid, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, Bakeshei, Fatemeh Allah, Almadi, Majid Abdulrahman Hamad, Almasi-Hashiani, Amir, Alsharif, Ubai, Alsowaidi, Shirina, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amini, Erfan, Amini, Saeed, Amoako, Yaw Ampem, Anbari, Zohreh, Anber, Nahla Hamed, Andrei, Catalina Liliana, Anjomshoa, Mina, Ansari, Fereshteh, Ansariadi, Ansariadi, Appiah, Seth Christopher Yaw, Arab-Zozani, Morteza, Arabloo, Jalal, Arefi, Zohreh, Aremu, Olatunde, Areri, Habtamu Abera, Artaman, Al, Asayesh, Hamid, Asfaw, Ephrem Tsegay, Ashagre, Alebachew Fasil, Assadi, Reza, Ataeinia, Bahar, Atalay, Hagos Tasew, Ataro, Zerihun, Atique, Suleman, Ausloos, Marcel, Avila-Burgos, Leticia, Avokpaho, Euripide FGA, Awasthi, Ashish, Awoke, Nefsu, Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina, Ayanore, Martin Amogre, Ayele, Henok Tadesse, Babaee, Ebrahim, Bacha, Umar, Badawi, Alaa, Bagherzadeh, Mojtaba, Bagli, Eleni, Balakrishnan, Senthilkuimar, Balouchi, Abbas, Bärnighausen, Till Winfried, Battista, Robert J, Behzadifar, Masoud, Behzadifar, Meysam, Bekele, Bayu Begashaw, Belay, Yared Belete, Belayneh, Yaschilal Muche, Berfield, Kathleen Kim Sachiko, Berhane, Adugnaw, Bernabe, Eduardo, Beuran, Mircea, Bhakta, Nickhill, Bhattacharyya, Krittika, Biadgo, Belete, Bijani, Ali, Bin Sayeed, Muhammad Shahdaat, Birungi, Charles, Bisignano, Catherine, Bitew, Helen, Bjørge, Tone, Bleyer, Archie, Bogale, Kassawmar Angaw, Bojia, Hunduma Amensisa, Borzì, Antonio M, Bosetti, Cristina, Bou-Orm, Ibrahim R, Brenner, Hermann, Brewer, Jerry D, Briko, Andrey Nikolaevich, Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich, Bustamante-Teixeira, Maria Teresa, Butt, Zahid A, Carreras, Giulia, Carrero, Juan J, Carvalho, Félix, Castro, Clara, Castro, Franz, Catalá-López, Ferrán, Cerin, Ester, Chaiah, Yazan, Chanie, Wagaye Fentahun, Chattu, Vijay Kumar, Chaturvedi, Pankaj, Chauhan, Neelima Singh, Chehrazi, Mohammad, Chiang, Peggy Pei-Chia, Chichiabellu, Tesfaye Yitna, Chido-Amajuoyi, Onyema Greg, Chimed-Ochir, Odgerel, Choi, Jee-Young J, Christopher, Devasahayam J, Chu, Dinh-Toi, Constantin, Maria-Magdalena, Costa, Vera M, Crocetti, Emanuele, Crowe, Christopher Stephen, Curado, Maria Paula, Dahlawi, Saad MA, Damiani, Giovanni, Darwish, Amira Hamed, Daryani, Ahmad, das Neves, José, Demeke, Feleke Mekonnen, Demis, Asmamaw Bizuneh, Demissie, Birhanu Wondimeneh, Demoz, 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Abdullah T, Khosravi, Mohammad Hossein, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kianipour, Neda, Kim, Daniel, Kim, Yun Jin, Kisa, Adnan, Kisa, Sezer, Kissimova-Skarbek, Katarzyna, Komaki, Hamidreza, Koyanagi, Ai, Krohn, Kristopher J, Bicer, Burcu Kucuk, Kugbey, Nuworza, Kumar, Vivek, Kuupiel, Desmond, La Vecchia, Carlo, Lad, Deepesh P, Lake, Eyasu Alem, Lakew, Ayenew Molla, Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, Lami, Faris Hasan, Lan, Qing, Lasrado, Savita, Lauriola, Paolo, Lazarus, Jeffrey V, Leigh, James, Leshargie, Cheru Tesema, Liao, Yu, Limenih, Miteku Andualem, Listl, Stefan, Lopez, Alan D, Lopukhov, Platon D, Lunevicius, Raimundas, Madadin, Mohammed, Magdeldin, Sameh, El Razek, Hassan Magdy Abd, Majeed, Azeem, Maleki, Afshin, Malekzadeh, Reza, Manafi, Ali, Manafi, Navid, Manamo, Wondimu Ayele, Mansourian, Morteza, Mansournia, Mohammad Ali, Mantovani, Lorenzo Giovanni, Maroufizadeh, Saman, Martini, Santi Martini S, Mashamba-Thompson, Tivani Phosa, Massenburg, Benjamin Ballard, Maswabi, Motswadi Titus, Mathur, Manu Raj, McAlinden, Colm, McKee, Martin, Meheretu, Hailemariam Abiy Alemu, Mehrotra, Ravi, Mehta, Varshil, Meier, Toni, Melaku, Yohannes A, Meles, Gebrekiros Gebremichael, Meles, Hagazi Gebre, Melese, Addisu, Melku, Mulugeta, Memiah, Peter TN, Mendoza, Walter, Menezes, Ritesh G, Merat, Shahin, Meretoja, Tuomo J, Mestrovic, Tomislav, Miazgowski, Bartosz, Miazgowski, Tomasz, Mihretie, Kebadnew Mulatu M, Miller, Ted R, Mills, Edward J, Mir, Seyed Mostafa, Mirzaei, Hamed, Mirzaei, Hamid Reza, Mishra, Rashmi, Moazen, Babak, Mohammad, Dara K, Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin, Mohammad, Yousef, Darwesh, Aso Mohammad, Mohammadbeigi, Abolfazl, Mohammadi, Hiwa, Mohammadi, Moslem, Mohammadian, Mahdi, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah, Mohammadoo-Khorasani, Milad, Mohammadpourhodki, Reza, Mohammed, Ammas Siraj, Mohammed, Jemal Abdu, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mohebi, Farnam, Mokdad, Ali H, Monasta, Lorenzo, Moodley, Yoshan, Moosazadeh, Mahmood, Moossavi, Maryam, Moradi, Ghobad, Moradi-Joo, Mohammad, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Moradpour, Farhad, Morawska, Lidia, Morgado-da-Costa, Joana, Morisaki, Naho, Morrison, Shane Douglas, Mosapour, Abbas, Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam, Muche, Achenef Asmamaw, Muhammed, Oumer Sada S, Musa, Jonah, Nabhan, Ashraf R, Naderi, Mehdi, Nagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman, Nagel, Gabriele, Nahvijou, Azin, Naik, Gurudatta, Najafi, Farid, Naldi, Luigi, Nam, Hae Sung, Nasiri, Naser, Nazari, Javad, Negoi, Ionut, Neupane, Subas, Newcomb, Polly A, Nggada, Haruna Asura, Ngunjiri, Josephine W, Nguyen, Cuong Tat, Nikniaz, Leila, Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini, Nirayo, Yirga Legesse, Nixon, Molly R, Nnaji, Chukwudi A, Nojomi, Marzieh, Nosratnejad, Shirin, Shiadeh, Malihe Nourollahpour, Obsa, Mohammed Suleiman, Ofori-Asenso, Richard, Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Oh, In-Hwan, Olagunju, Andrew T, Olagunju, Tinuke O, Oluwasanu, Mojisola Morenike, Omonisi, Abidemi E, Onwujekwe, Obinna E, Oommen, Anu Mary, Oren, Eyal, Ortega-Altamirano, Doris DV, Ota, Erika, Otstavnov, Stanislav S, Owolabi, Mayowa Ojo, P A, Mahesh, Padubidri, Jagadish Rao, Pakhale, Smita, Pakpour, Amir H, Pana, Adrian, Park, Eun-Kee, Parsian, Hadi, Pashaei, Tahereh, Patel, Shanti, Patil, Snehal T, Pennini, Alyssa, Pereira, David M, Piccinelli, Cristiano, Pillay, Julian David, Pirestani, Majid, Pishgar, Farhad, Postma, Maarten J, Pourjafar, Hadi, Pourmalek, Farshad, Pourshams, Akram, Prakash, Swayam, Prasad, Narayan, Qorbani, Mostafa, Rabiee, Mohammad, Rabiee, Navid, Radfar, Amir, Rafiei, Alireza, Rahim, Fakher, Rahimi, Mahdi, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, Rajati, Fatemeh, Rana, Saleem M, Raoofi, Samira, Rath, Goura Kishor, Rawaf, David Laith, Rawaf, Salman, Reiner, Robert C, Renzaho, Andre MN, Rezaei, Nima, Rezapour, Aziz, Ribeiro, Ana Isabel, Ribeiro, Daniela, Ronfani, Luca, Roro, Elias Merdassa, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Rostami, Ali, Saad, Ragy Safwat, Sabbagh, Parisa, Sabour, Siamak, Saddik, Basema, Safiri, Saeid, Sahebkar, Amirhossein, Salahshoor, Mohammad Reza, Salehi, Farkhonde, Salem, Hosni, Salem, Marwa Rashad, Salimzadeh, Hamideh, Salomon, Joshua A, Samy, Abdallah M, Sanabria, Juan, Santric Milicevic, Milena M, Sartorius, Benn, Sarveazad, Arash, Sathian, Brijesh, Satpathy, Maheswar, Savic, Miloje, Sawhney, Monika, Sayyah, Mehdi, Schneider, Ione JC, Schöttker, Ben, Sekerija, Mario, Sepanlou, Sadaf G, Sepehrimanesh, Masood, Seyedmousavi, Seyedmojtaba, Shaahmadi, Faramarz, Shabaninejad, Hosein, Shahbaz, Mohammad, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Shamshirian, Amir, Shamsizadeh, Morteza, Sharafi, Heidar, Sharafi, Zeinab, Sharif, Mehdi, Sharifi, Ali, Sharifi, Hamid, Sharma, Rajesh, Sheikh, Aziz, Shirkoohi, Reza, Shukla, Sharvari Rahul, Si, Si, Siabani, Soraya, Silva, Diego Augusto Santos, Silveira, Dayane Gabriele Alves, Singh, Ambrish, Singh, Jasvinder A, Sisay, Solomon, Sitas, Freddy, Sobngwi, Eugène, Soofi, Moslem, Soriano, Joan B, Stathopoulou, Vasiliki, Sufiyan, Mu’awiyyah Babale, Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael, Tabuchi, Takahiro, Takahashi, Ken, Tamtaji, Omid Reza, Tarawneh, Mohammed Rasoul, Tassew, Segen Gebremeskel, Taymoori, Parvaneh, Tehrani-Banihashemi, Arash, Temsah, Mohamad-Hani, Temsah, Omar, Tesfay, Berhe Etsay, Tesfay, Fisaha Haile, Teshale, Manaye Yihune, Tessema, Gizachew Assefa, Thapa, Subash, Tlaye, Kenean Getaneh, Topor-Madry, Roman, Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto, Traini, Eugenio, Tran, Bach Xuan, Tran, Khanh Bao, Tsadik, Afewerki Gebremeskel, Ullah, Irfan, Uthman, Olalekan A, Vacante, Marco, Vaezi, Maryam, Varona Pérez, Patricia, Veisani, Yousef, Vidale, Simone, Violante, Francesco S, Vlassov, Vasily, Vollset, Stein Emil, Vos, Theo, Vosoughi, Kia, Vu, Giang Thu, Vujcic, Isidora S, Wabinga, Henry, Wachamo, Tesfahun Mulatu, Wagnew, Fasil Shiferaw, Waheed, Yasir, Weldegebreal, Fitsum, Weldesamuel, Girmay Teklay, Wijeratne, Tissa, Wondafrash, Dawit Zewdu, Wonde, Tewodros Eshete, Wondmieneh, Adam Belay, Workie, Hailemariam Mekonnen, Yadav, Rajaram, Yadegar, Abbas, Yadollahpour, Ali, Yaseri, Mehdi, Yazdi-Feyzabadi, Vahid, Yeshaneh, Alex, Yimam, Mohammed Ahmed, Yimer, Ebrahim M, Yisma, Engida, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Younis, Mustafa Z, Yousefi, Bahman, Yousefifard, Mahmoud, Yu, Chuanhua, Zabeh, Erfan, Zadnik, Vesna, Moghadam, Telma Zahirian, Zaidi, Zoubida, Zamani, Mohammad, Zandian, Hamed, Zangeneh, Alireza, Zaki, Leila, Zendehdel, Kazem, Zenebe, Zerihun Menlkalew, Zewale, Taye Abuhay, Ziapour, Arash, Zodpey, Sanjay, and Murray, Christopher JL
Subjects: Global Burden of Disease Cancer Collaboration
Abstract: Importance Cancer and other noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are now widely recognized as a threat to global development. The latest United Nations high-level meeting on NCDs reaffirmed this observation and also highlighted the slow progress in meeting the 2011 Political Declaration on the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases and the third Sustainable Development Goal. Lack of situational analyses, priority setting, and budgeting have been identified as major obstacles in achieving these goals. All of these have in common that they require information on the local cancer epidemiology. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study is uniquely poised to provide these crucial data.\ud \ud Objective To describe cancer burden for 29 cancer groups in 195 countries from 1990 through 2017 to provide data needed for cancer control planning.\ud \ud Evidence Review We used the GBD study estimation methods to describe cancer incidence, mortality, years lived with disability, years of life lost, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs). Results are presented at the national level as well as by Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator of income, educational attainment, and total fertility rate. We also analyzed the influence of the epidemiological vs the demographic transition on cancer incidence.\ud \ud Findings In 2017, there were 24.5 million incident cancer cases worldwide (16.8 million without nonmelanoma skin cancer [NMSC]) and 9.6 million cancer deaths. The majority of cancer DALYs came from years of life lost (97%), and only 3% came from years lived with disability. The odds of developing cancer were the lowest in the low SDI quintile (1 in 7) and the highest in the high SDI quintile (1 in 2) for both sexes. In 2017, the most common incident cancers in men were NMSC (4.3 million incident cases); tracheal, bronchus, and lung (TBL) cancer (1.5 million incident cases); and prostate cancer (1.3 million incident cases). The most common causes of cancer deaths and DALYs for men were TBL cancer (1.3 million deaths and 28.4 million DALYs), liver cancer (572 000 deaths and 15.2 million DALYs), and stomach cancer (542 000 deaths and 12.2 million DALYs). For women in 2017, the most common incident cancers were NMSC (3.3 million incident cases), breast cancer (1.9 million incident cases), and colorectal cancer (819 000 incident cases). The leading causes of cancer deaths and DALYs for women were breast cancer (601 000 deaths and 17.4 million DALYs), TBL cancer (596 000 deaths and 12.6 million DALYs), and colorectal cancer (414 000 deaths and 8.3 million DALYs).\ud \ud Conclusions and Relevance The national epidemiological profiles of cancer burden in the GBD study show large heterogeneities, which are a reflection of different exposures to risk factors, economic settings, lifestyles, and access to care and screening. The GBD study can be used by policy makers and other stakeholders to develop and improve national and local cancer control in order to achieve the global targets and improve equity in cancer
Published: 2019

23. The global burden of childhood and adolescent cancer in 2017: an analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 (vol 20, pg 1211, 2019)

Author: Force, Lisa M., Abdollahpour, Ibrahim, Advani, Shailesh M., Agius, Dominic, Ahmadian, Elham, Alahdab, Fares, Alam, Tahiya, Alebel, Animut, Alipour, Vahid, Allen, Christine A., Almasi-Hashiani, Amir, Alvarez, Elysia M., Amini, Saeed, Amoako, Yaw Ampem, Anber, Nahla Hamed, Arabloo, Jalal, Artaman, Al, Atique, Suleman, Awasthi, Ashish, Bagherzadeh, Mojtaba, Basaleem, Huda, Bekru, Eyasu Tamru, Bijani, Ali, Bogale, Kassawmar Angaw, Car, Mate, Carvalho, Felix, Castro, Clara, Catala-Lopez, Ferran, Dinh-Toi Chu, Costa, Vera M., Darwish, Amira Hamed, Demeke, Feleke Mekonnen, Demis, Asmamaw Bizuneh, Demoz, Gebre Teklemariam, Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda, Huyen Phuc Do, Linh Phuong Doan, Dubey, Manisha, Eftekhari, Aziz, El-Khatib, Ziad, Emamian, Mohammad Hassan, Farhangi, Mahdieh Abbasalizad, Fernandes, Eduarda, Fischer, Florian, Fard, Reza Fouladi, Friedrich, Paola M., Fukumoto, Takeshi, Gedefaw, Getnet Azeze, Ghashghaee, Ahmad, Gholamian, Asadollah, Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin, Haj-Mirzaian, Arya, Hamidi, Samer, Harvey, James D., Hassen, Hamid Yimam, Hay, Simon I., Chi Linh Hoang, Hole, Michael K., Horita, Nobuyuki, Hosseini, Seyyed Nasrollah, Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi, Hsairi, Mohamed, Hudson, Melissa Maria, Innos, Kaire, Jalilian, Farzad, James, Spencer L., Kasaeian, Amir, Kassa, Tesfaye Dessale, Kassebaum, Nicholas J., Keiyoro, Peter Njenga, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kianipour, Neda, Kirby, Jeannette, Kisa, Adnan, Kisa, Sezer, Kocarnik, Jonathan M., Lauriola, Paolo, Lopez, Alan D., Magi, Margit, Malik, Manzoor Ahmad, Manafi, Ali, Manafi, Navid, Mansournia, Mohammad Ali, Massenburg, Benjamin Ballard, Mehta, Varshil, Meles, Hagazi Gebre, Meretoja, Tuomo J., Mestrovic, Tomislav, Mir, Seyed Mostafa, Mirzaei-Alavijeh, Mehdi, Mohammad, Dara K., Darwesh, Aso Mohammad, Naser Kamyari, Mohammadibakhsh, Roghayeh, Mohammadoo-Khorasani, Milad, Mokdad, Ali H., Moodley, Yoshan, Moosazadeh, Mahmood, Moossavi, Maryam, Moradpour, Farhad, Morrison, Shane Douglas, Muchie, Kindie Fentahun, Naghavi, Mohsen, Nazari, Javad, Ngunjiri, Josephine W., Cuong Tat Nguyen, Long Hoang Nguyen, Son Hoang Nguyen, Trang Huyen Nguyen, Nixon, Molly R., Olagunju, Andrew T., Olagunju, Tinuke O., Ong, Sok King, Paapsi, Keiu, Pennini, Alyssa, Pereira, David M., Pillay, Julian David, Qorbani, Mostafa, Rabiee, Mohammad, Rabiee, Navid, Raoofi, Samira, Rawaf, David Laith, Rawaf, Salman, Reiner, Robert C., Rezaei, Nima, Rezapour, Aziz, Roba, Kedir Teji, Robison, Les L., Rodriguez-Galindo, Carlos, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Safiri, Saeid, Salahshoor, Mohamadreza, Zahabi, Saleh Salehi, Samy, Abdallah M., Milicevic, Milena M. Santric, Satpathy, Maheswar, Sawyer, Susan M., Seyedmousavi, Seyedmojtaba, Shabaninejad, Hosein, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Shamshirian, Amir, Shamsizadeh, Morteza, Shirkoohi, Reza, Siabani, Soraya, Singh, Jasvinder A., Siramlee, Khairil, Tabares-Seisdedos, Rafael, Temsah, Mohamad-Hani, Tran, Bach Xuan, Ullah, Irfan, Vahedian-Azimi, Amir, Vollset, Stein Emil, Vos, Theo, Waheed, Yasir, Weldesamuel, Girmay Teklay, Workie, Hailemariam Mekonnen, Xu, Rixing, Yaseri, Mehdi, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Yu, Chuanhua, Zadnik, Vesna, Moghadam, Telma Zahirian, Zaidi, Zoubida, Zangeneh, Alireza, Zewale, Taye Abuhay, Ziapour, Arash, Zodpey, Sanjay, Murray, Christopher J. L., Bhakta, Nickhill, and Fitzmaurice, Christina

24. Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author: Sorin Hostiuc, Shaun Wen Huey Lee, Jorge R. Ledesma, Carsten Flohr, Masoumeh Sadeghi, João Mauricio Castaldelli-Maia, Behzad Karami Matin, Cyrus Alinia, Mehdi Bohluli, Félix Carvalho, Yun Jin Kim, Catalina Liliana Andrei, Seyyed Meysam Mousavi, Bernhard T. Baune, Ehsan Ahmadpour, Dinh-Toi Chu, Beatrix Haddock, Gianfranco Alicandro, Vasily Vlassov, Mohammad Taghi Khodayari, Gianna Gayle Herrera Amul, Arash Tehrani-Banihashemi, Govinda Prasad Dhungana, Fereshteh Ansari, Michael K. Hole, Azeem Majeed, Iman Halvaei, Saqib Ali, Arianna Maever L. Amit, Tomas Y. Yeheyis, John S. Ji, Martin McKee, Jamileh Shadid, Leonardo Roever, Peng Jia, Ettore Beghi, Pablo M. Lavados, Young Eun Kim, Vahid Alipour, Sowmya J. Rao, Ahmad Daryani, Cathleen Keller, Ibrahim Abdollahpour, Nicole K. DeCleene, Ebrahim Babaee, Saman Esmaeilnejad, Boris Bikbov, William M. Gardner, Lydia M. Haile, Luca Ronfani, Azalea M. Thomson, Irena Ilic, Ruth W. Kimokoti, Yingxi Zhao, Guoqing Hu, Mehran Shams-Beyranvand, Ilais Moreno Velásquez, Nathaniel J. Henry, Brijesh Sathian, Daniel Kim, Peter Memiah, Mohammad Hadi Abbasi, Andrea Farioli, Zahra Kamiab, Bolajoko O. Olusanya, Matthew C. Doxey, Tommi Vasankari, Hamideh Salimzadeh, Luisa Sorio Flor, Priya Rathi, Shanshan Li, Tanvir M. Huda, Dillon O Sylte, Rosario Cárdenas, Agegnehu Bante, Helen Ippolito, Alyssa Acebedo, Jeffrey D. Stanaway, Anwar Faraj, João Pedro Silva, Amin Mousavi Khaneghah, Pushpendra Kumar, Sangram Kishor Patel, Josephine W. Ngunjiri, Holly E. Erskine, Eugene Sobngwi, Filippo Ariani, Shane D. Morrison, Mohammad Aghaali, Meghan D. Mooney, Vera Marisa Costa, Palash Chandra Banik, Rupak Desai, Ken Takahashi, Maigeng Zhou, Morteza Oladnabi, Bogdan Oancea, Daniela Ribeiro, Mohammad Farahmand, Irmina Maria Michalek, Yetunde O. John-Akinola, Khem Narayan Pokhrel, Emilie R Maddison, Syed Mohamed Aljunid, Damian G. Hoy, Hosni Salem, V. Prakash, Shuhei Nomura, Inga Dora Sigfusdottir, Anders Larsson, Sharareh Eskandarieh, Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Somayeh Bohlouli, Joana Morgado-da-Costa, Siamak Sabour, Theo Vos, Han Yong Wunrow, Khaled Khatab, Alireza Zangeneh, Ann Kristin Knudsen, Marissa B Reitsma, Hannah J. Henrikson, Randah R. Hamadeh, Tuomo J. Meretoja, Ireneous N. Soyiri, Giuseppe Grosso, Ziyad Al-Aly, Taraneh Yousefinezhadi, Joseph L Ward, Roba Khundkar, Ricardo Santiago Gomez, Reza Malekzadeh, John J. McGrath, Sandra B. Munro, Shahin Soltani, Amy E. Peden, Rufus Akinyemi, Marcel Ausloos, Naohiro Yonemoto, Bogdan Wojtyniak, Ahmad Ghashghaee, Guilherme Borges, Sadia Bibi, Farhad Islami, Hamed Mirzaei, Mohammad Ali Sahraian, M. Ashworth Dirac, Hosna Janjani, Kairat Davletov, Hermann Brenner, Yuichiro Yano, Elissa M. Abrams, Ana Vukovic, Bartosz Miazgowski, Jobert Richie Nansseu, Jennifer O Lam, Mona Pathak, Leeberk Raja Inbaraj, Thirunavukkarasu Sathish, Asadollah Gholamian, Carlos A Castañeda-Orjuela, Babak Eshrati, Edgar Denova-Gutiérrez, Atte Meretoja, Lorenzo Monasta, Ronan A. Lyons, Neda Kianipour, Desalegn Getnet Demsie, Yasir Waheed, Desta Debalkie Atnafu, Davide Sattin, Kevin S Ikuta, Ghobad Moradi, Srinivas Goli, Krittika Bhattacharyya, Mika Kivimäki, Christopher Troeger, Jordi Alonso, Alireza Ahmadi, Navid Manafi, Caroline Stein, Songhomitra Panda-Jonas, Jason Nguyen, Moses K. Muriithi, Aziz Rezapour, Ismael R. Campos-Nonato, Adrian Pana, H. Dean Hosgood, Noore Alam, James L. Fisher, Mariam Molokhia, Susan F. Rumisha, Ernoiz Antriyandarti, Ayman Grada, Emma Nichols, Babak Asghari, André Luiz Sena Guimarães, Ferrán Catalá-López, Aletta E. Schutte, Fiona B. Bennitt, Maciej Banach, Antonio Biondi, Donal Bisanzio, Josip Car, Ronny Westerman, Shafiu Mohammed, Biniyam Sahiledengle Geberemariyam, Kenji Shibuya, Meghdad Pirsaheb, Milena Santric-Milicevic, Karen M. Tabb, Paula Moraga, Soheil Hassanipour, Hasan Yusefzadeh, Avina Vongpradith, Dara K. Mohammad, Ralph Maddison, Babak Moazen, Getachew Mullu Kassa, Rahman Shiri, Fernando Neves Hugo, Hmwe H Kyu, Zachary V Dingels, Florian Fischer, Valentin Yurievich Skryabin, Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos, Massimo Cirillo, Nikita Otstavnov, Robert C. Reiner, Van C. Lansingh, Rodrigo Sarmiento-Suarez, Ashkan Afshin, Benjamin A Stark, Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari, Natalie C. Galles, Behnam Heidari, Eun-Kee Park, Mohammad Ali Jahani, Suzanne Polinder, Mahalaqua Nazli Khatib, Farhad Jadidi-Niaragh, Amir Radfar, Mowafa Househ, Derrick A Bennett, Gaorui Guo, Hesam Ghiasvand, Taweewat Wiangkham, Tamás Joó, Cristiana Abbafati, Kathryn Mei Ming Lau, Anita K. Nandi, Miklós Szócska, Manasi Kumar, Eduardo A. Undurraga, Oladimeji M. Adebayo, Simon Yadgir, Victor Aboyans, Justin J. Lang, Catherine O. Johnson, Soewarta Kosen, Carla Sofia e.Sá Farinha, Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone, Kamarul Imran Musa, Farshad Pourmalek, Kiomars Sharafi, Heather Orpana, Samuel B. Albertson, Mahdi Afshari, Nicholas J K Breitborde, Nelson J. Alvis-Zakzuk, Adrian Oţoiu, Iván Landires, Robert G. Weintraub, Kidanemaryam Berhe, André Faro, Sophia Emmons-Bell, Lauren E. Schaeffer, Alexandre C. Pereira, Mehdi Naderi, Yordanos Gizachew Yeshitila, Mehdi Hosseinzadeh, Arash Etemadi, Oleguer Plana-Ripoll, Theodore Patrick Younker, Joemer C. Maravilla, Alireza Ansari-Moghaddam, Borhan Mansouri, Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian, Seyed Mohammad Kazem Aghamir, Linda Morales, Amanda Deen, Noushin Mohammadifard, Obinna Onwujekwe, Ai Koyanagi, Michele Nguyen, Chieh Han, Kiana Ramezanzadeh, Mika Shigematsu, Mohammed Shannawaz, Khurshid Alam, Javad Nazari, Bryan L. Sykes, Rajat Das Gupta, Stephen S Lim, Lingkan Barua, Zubair Kabir, Michael Brauer, Afarin Rahimi-Movaghar, Deepa Jahagirdar, Kaja Abbas, Gholamreza Bazmandegan, Mark A. Stokes, Rajaa Al-Raddadi, Kanyin L. Ong, Kate Causey, Ahmed Omar Bali, Matilde Leonardi, Jeffrey V. Lazarus, Wondimeneh Shibabaw Shiferaw, André Karch, Blair R. Bumgarner, Nelson Alvis-Guzman, Jennifer H MacLachlan, Saeed Amini, Parvaiz A Koul, Blessing J. Akombi, Ro Ting Lin, Dabere Nigatu, Alaa Badawi, Flavia M. Cicuttini, Deanna Anderlini, Claudio Alberto Dávila-Cervantes, Rupert R A Bourne, Tanuj Kanchan, Catherine P. Benziger, Tahiya Alam, M. Mofizul Islam, Muktar Omer Omer, Leila Zaki, Mehdi Mirzaei-Alavijeh, Inbal Salz, Katharine J Looker, Shiwei Liu, Fatemeh Amiri, Christopher R. Cederroth, Mitra Abbasifard, Hamidreza Pazoki Toroudi, Gbenga A. Kayode, Antonio Luiz Pinho Ribeiro, Krishna Kumar Aryal, Mu'awiyyah Babale Sufiyan, Mohamed M. Gad, Assefa Desalew, Lidia Morawska, Davood Anvari, Mohammad Reza Salahshoor, Hadi Pourjafar, Abdu A. Adamu, Maryam Adabi, Zulfiqar A. Bhutta, Jessica A. Cruz, Foad Abd-Allah, Amir Hasanzadeh, Jordan Weiss, Maryam Ghadimi, Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad, Serge Resnikoff, Joanna L Whisnant, Kelly Compton, Priya Parmar, Sanjay Basu, Leila R Kalankesh, Nickolas Reinig, Ana Maria Mantilla Herrera, Fatemeh Rajati, Damian Santomauro, Mojisola Oluwasanu, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam, David M. Pereira, Joht Singh Chandan, Deepak Kumar Pasupula, Aristidis Tsatsakis, Hoa Thi Do, Whitney L. Teagle, Hans W. Hoek, James Leigh, Morteza Arab-Zozani, Yasser Vasseghian, Stephanie R M Zimsen, Charlie Ashbaugh, Fariba Dorostkar, Abdelrahman Ibrahim Abushouk, Mikk Jürisson, Golnaz Heidari, Kala M. Mehta, Saeed Shahabi, Sarah Wulf Hanson, Nizal Sarrafzadegan, Dharmesh Kumar Lal, Hai Quang Pham, Aleksandr Y. Aravkin, Joshua A. Salomon, David C. Schwebel, Milena Ilic, Kareha M Agesa, Jost B. 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L., Department of Public Health, Clinicum, Department of Neurosciences, HUS Comprehensive Cancer Center, Environmental Sciences, Public Health, Real World Studies in PharmacoEpidemiology, -Genetics, -Economics and -Therapy (PEGET), Value, Affordability and Sustainability (VALUE), Microbes in Health and Disease (MHD), Sálfræðideild (HR), Department of Psychology (RU), Samfélagssvið (HR), School of Social Sciences (RU), Háskólinn í Reykjavík, Reykjavik University, GBD 2019 Diseases and Injuries Collaborator, Violante FS, Department of Earth Observation Science, Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation, and UT-I-ITC-ACQUAL
Subjects: Male, Life expectancy, Disability-Adjusted Life Year, Diseases, Disease, communicable disease, systematic analysis, Global Burden of Disease, 0302 clinical medicine, 80 and over, Medicine, 10. No inequality, Child, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, injuries, Aged, 80 and over, education.field_of_study, Sjúkdómar, DEMENTIA, FALLS, General Medicine, Forvarnir, 3. Good health, Child, Preschool, Human, GBD, Population health, 03 medical and health sciences, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Humans, Global Burden of Disease Study, education, Aged, Spatial Analysis, Global burden, Disability, Prevention, DISABILITY, Infant, Spatial Analysi, Mortality rate, Global Burden of Disease, Diseases, Injuries, Systematic analysis, PREVENTION, Years of potential life lost, Risk factors, Disease study, ITC-ISI-JOURNAL-ARTICLE, RISK-FACTORS, Clinical Medicine, RA, Demography, Fötlun, Dánartíðni, Áhættuþættir, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Risk Factors, Cause of Death, Global health, 030212 general & internal medicine, 1. No poverty, Disability-Adjusted Life Years, Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology, Middle Aged, 3142 Public health care science, environmental and occupational health, Adolescent, Adult, Age Distribution, Female, Infant, Newborn, Young Adult, Lýðheilsa, CLINICAL-TRIALS, Population, Settore MED/01 - Statistica Medica, diseases, ITC-HYBRID, Heilbrigðisvísindi, General & Internal Medicine, Mortality, Preschool, Disease burden, business.industry, Risk Factor, Klinisk medicin, Newborn, purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#3.02.00 [https], Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi, Áverkar, Systematic analysis, NA, business
Abstract: Publisher's version (útgefin grein), Background In an era of shifting global agendas and expanded emphasis on non-communicable diseases and injuries along with communicable diseases, sound evidence on trends by cause at the national level is essential. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) provides a systematic scientific assessment of published, publicly available, and contributed data on incidence, prevalence, and mortality for a mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive list of diseases and injuries. Methods GBD estimates incidence, prevalence, mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) due to 369 diseases and injuries, for two sexes, and for 204 countries and territories. Input data were extracted from censuses, household surveys, civil registration and vital statistics, disease registries, health service use, air pollution monitors, satellite imaging, disease notifications, and other sources. Cause-specific death rates and cause fractions were calculated using the Cause of Death Ensemble model and spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression. Cause-specific deaths were adjusted to match the total all-cause deaths calculated as part of the GBD population, fertility, and mortality estimates. Deaths were multiplied by standard life expectancy at each age to calculate YLLs. A Bayesian meta-regression modelling tool, DisMod-MR 2.1, was used to ensure consistency between incidence, prevalence, remission, excess mortality, and cause-specific mortality for most causes. Prevalence estimates were multiplied by disability weights for mutually exclusive sequelae of diseases and injuries to calculate YLDs. We considered results in the context of the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator of income per capita, years of schooling, and fertility rate in females younger than 25 years. Uncertainty intervals (UIs) were generated for every metric using the 25th and 975th ordered 1000 draw values of the posterior distribution. Findings Global health has steadily improved over the past 30 years as measured by age-standardised DALY rates. After taking into account population growth and ageing, the absolute number of DALYs has remained stable. Since 2010, the pace of decline in global age-standardised DALY rates has accelerated in age groups younger than 50 years compared with the 1990-2010 time period, with the greatest annualised rate of decline occurring in the 0-9-year age group. Six infectious diseases were among the top ten causes of DALYs in children younger than 10 years in 2019: lower respiratory infections (ranked second), diarrhoeal diseases (third), malaria (fifth), meningitis (sixth), whooping cough (ninth), and sexually transmitted infections (which, in this age group, is fully accounted for by congenital syphilis; ranked tenth). In adolescents aged 10-24 years, three injury causes were among the top causes of DALYs: road injuries (ranked first), self-harm (third), and interpersonal violence (fifth). Five of the causes that were in the top ten for ages 10-24 years were also in the top ten in the 25-49-year age group: road injuries (ranked first), HIV/AIDS (second), low back pain (fourth), headache disorders (fifth), and depressive disorders (sixth). In 2019, ischaemic heart disease and stroke were the top-ranked causes of DALYs in both the 50-74-year and 75-years-and-older age groups. Since 1990, there has been a marked shift towards a greater proportion of burden due to YLDs from non-communicable diseases and injuries. In 2019, there were 11 countries where non-communicable disease and injury YLDs constituted more than half of all disease burden. Decreases in age-standardised DALY rates have accelerated over the past decade in countries at the lower end of the SDI range, while improvements have started to stagnate or even reverse in countries with higher SDI. Interpretation As disability becomes an increasingly large component of disease burden and a larger component of health expenditure, greater research and development investment is needed to identify new, more effective intervention strategies. With a rapidly ageing global population, the demands on health services to deal with disabling outcomes, which increase with age, will require policy makers to anticipate these changes. The mix of universal and more geographically specific influences on health reinforces the need for regular reporting on population health in detail and by underlying cause to help decision makers to identify success stories of disease control to emulate, as well as opportunities to improve. Copyright (C) 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd., Research reported in this publication was supported by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation; the University of Melbourne; Queensland Department of Health, Australia; the National Health and Medical Research Council, Australia; Public Health England; the Norwegian Institute of Public Health; St Jude Children's Research Hospital; the Cardiovascular Medical Research and Education Fund; the National Institute on Ageing of the National Institutes of Health (award P30AG047845); and the National Institute of Mental Health of the National Institutes of Health (award R01MH110163). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the funders. The authors alone are responsible for the views expressed in this Article and they do not necessarily represent the views, decisions, or policies of the institutions with which they are affiliated, the National Health Service (NHS), the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), the UK Department of Health and Social Care, or Public Health England; the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), the US Government, or MEASURE Evaluation; or the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC). This research used data from the Chile National Health Survey 2003, 2009-10, and 2016-17. The authors are grateful to the Ministry of Health, the survey copyright owner, for allowing them to have the database. All results of the study are those of the authors and in no way committed to the Ministry. The Costa Rican Longevity and Healthy Aging Study project is a longitudinal study by the University of Costa Rica's Centro Centroamericano de Poblacion and Instituto de Investigaciones en Salud, in collaboration with the University of California at Berkeley. The original pre-1945 cohort was funded by the Wellcome Trust (grant 072406), and the 1945-55 Retirement Cohort was funded by the US National Institute on Aging (grant R01AG031716). The principal investigators are Luis Rosero-Bixby and William H Dow and co-principal investigators are Xinia Fernandez and Gilbert Brenes. The accuracy of the authors' statistical analysis and the findings they report are not the responsibility of ECDC. ECDC is not responsible for conclusions or opinions drawn from the data provided. ECDC is not responsible for the correctness of the data and for data management, data merging and data collation after provision of the data. ECDC shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data. The Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children (HBSC) study is an international study carried out in collaboration with WHO/EURO. The international coordinator of the 1997-98, 2001-02, 2005-06, and 2009-10 surveys was Candace Currie and the databank manager for the 1997-98 survey was Bente Wold, whereas for the following surveys Oddrun Samdal was the databank manager. A list of principal investigators in each country can be found on the HBSC website. Data used in this paper come from the 2009-10 Ghana Socioeconomic Panel Study Survey, which is a nationally representative survey of more than 5000 households in Ghana. The survey is a joint effort undertaken by the Institute of Statistical, Social and Economic Research (ISSER) at the University of Ghana and the Economic Growth Centre (EGC) at Yale University. It was funded by EGC. ISSER and the EGC are not responsible for the estimations reported by the analysts. The Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics granted the researchers access to relevant data in accordance with license number SLN2014-3-170, after subjecting data to processing aiming to preserve the confidentiality of individual data in accordance with the General Statistics Law, 2000. The researchers are solely responsible for the conclusions and inferences drawn upon available data. Data for this research was provided by MEASURE Evaluation, funded by USAID. The authors thank the Russia Longitudinal Monitoring Survey, conducted by the National Research University Higher School of Economics and ZAO Demoscope together with Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and the Institute of Sociology, Russia Academy of Sciences for making data available. This paper uses data from the Bhutan 2014 STEPS survey, implemented by the Ministry of Health with the support of WHO; the Kuwait 2006 and 2014 STEPS surveys, implemented by the Ministry of Health with the support of WHO; the Libya 2009 STEPS survey, implemented by the Secretariat of Health and Environment with the support of WHO; the Malawi 2009 STEPS survey, implemented by Ministry of Health with the support of WHO; and the Moldova 2013 STEPS survey, implemented by the Ministry of Health, the National Bureau of Statistics, and the National Center of Public Health with the support of WHO. This paper uses data from Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) Waves 1 (DOI:10.6103/SHARE. w1.700), 2 (10.6103/SHARE.w2.700), 3 (10.6103/SHARE.w3.700), 4 (10.6103/SHARE.w4.700), 5 (10.6103/SHARE.w5.700), 6 (10.6103/SHARE.w6.700), and 7 (10.6103/SHARE.w7.700); see Borsch-Supan and colleagues (2013) for methodological details. The SHARE data collection has been funded by the European Commission through FP5 (QLK6-CT-2001-00360), FP6 (SHARE-I3: RII-CT-2006-062193, COMPARE: CIT5-CT-2005-028857, SHARELIFE: CIT4-CT-2006-028812), FP7 (SHARE-PREP: GA N degrees 211909, SHARE-LEAP: GA N degrees 227822, SHARE M4: GA N degrees 261982) and Horizon 2020 (SHARE-DEV3: GA N degrees 676536, SERISS: GA N degrees 654221) and by DG Employment, Social Affairs & Inclusion. Additional funding from the German Ministry of Education and Research, the Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science, the US National Institute on Aging (U01_AG09740-13S2, P01_AG005842, P01_AG08291, P30_AG12815, R21_AG025169, Y1-AG-4553-01, IAG_BSR06-11, OGHA_04-064, HHSN271201300071C), and from various national funding sources is gratefully acknowledged. This study has been realised using the data collected by the Swiss Household Panel, which is based at the Swiss Centre of Expertise in the Social Sciences. The project is financed by the Swiss National Science Foundation. The United States Aging, Demographics, and Memory Study is a supplement to the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), which is sponsored by the National Institute of Aging (grant number NIA U01AG009740). It was conducted jointly by Duke University and the University of Michigan. The HRS is sponsored by the National Institute on Aging (grant number NIA U01AG009740) and is conducted by the University of Michigan. This paper uses data from Add Health, a program project designed by J Richard Udry, Peter S Bearman, and Kathleen Mullan Harris, and funded by a grant P01-HD31921 from the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, with cooperative funding from 17 other agencies. Special acknowledgment is due to Ronald R Rindfuss and Barbara Entwisle for assistance in the original design. Information on how to obtain the Add Health data files is available on the Add Health website. No direct support was received from grant P01-HD31921 for this analysis. The data reported here have been supplied by the United States Renal Data System. The interpretation and reporting of these data are the responsibility of the authors and in no way should be seen as an official policy or interpretation of the US Government. Collection of data for the Mozambique National Survey on the Causes of Death 2007-08 was made possible by USAID under the terms of cooperative agreement GPO-A-00-08-000_D3-00. This manuscript is based on data collected and shared by the International Vaccine Institute (IVI) from an original study IVI conducted. L G Abreu acknowledges support from Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (Brazil; finance code 001) and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq, a Brazilian funding agency). I N Ackerman was supported by a Victorian Health and Medical Research Fellowship awarded by the Victorian Government. O O Adetokunboh acknowledges the South African Department of Science and Innovation and the National Research Foundation. A Agrawal acknowledges the Wellcome Trust DBT India Alliance Senior Fellowship. S M Aljunid acknowledges the Department of Health Policy and Management, Faculty of Public Health, Kuwait University and International Centre for Casemix and Clinical Coding, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Malaysia for the approval and support to participate in this research project. M Ausloos, C Herteliu, and A Pana acknowledge partial support by a grant of the Romanian National Authority for Scientific Research and Innovation, CNDS-UEFISCDI, project number PN-III-P4-ID-PCCF-2016-0084. A Badawi is supported by the Public Health Agency of Canada. D A Bennett was supported by the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre. R Bourne acknowledges the Brien Holden Vision Institute, University of Heidelberg, Sightsavers, Fred Hollows Foundation, and Thea Foundation. G B Britton and I Moreno Velasquez were supported by the Sistema Nacional de Investigacion, SNI-SENACYT, Panama. R Buchbinder was supported by an Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Senior Principal Research Fellowship. J J Carrero was supported by the Swedish Research Council (2019-01059). F Carvalho acknowledges UID/MULTI/04378/2019 and UID/QUI/50006/2019 support with funding from FCT/MCTES through national funds. A R Chang was supported by National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases grant K23 DK106515. V M Costa acknowledges the grant SFRH/BHD/110001/2015, received by Portuguese national funds through Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia, IP, under the Norma Transitaria DL57/2016/CP1334/CT0006. A Douiri acknowledges support and funding from the National Institute for Health Research Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care South London at King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and the Royal College of Physicians, and support from the NIHR Biomedical Research Centre based at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London. B B Duncan acknowledges grants from the Foundation for the Support of Research of the State of Rio Grande do Sul (IATS and PrInt) and the Brazilian Ministry of Health. H E Erskine is the recipient of an Australian NHMRC Early Career Fellowship grant (APP1137969). A J Ferrari was supported by a NHMRC Early Career Fellowship grant (APP1121516). H E Erskine and A J Ferrari are employed by and A M Mantilla-Herrera and D F Santomauro affiliated with the Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, which receives core funding from the Queensland Department of Health. M L Ferreira holds an NHMRC Research Fellowship. C Flohr was supported by the NIHR Biomedical Research Centre based at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust. M Freitas acknowledges financial support from the EU (European Regional Development Fund [FEDER] funds through COMPETE POCI-01-0145-FEDER-029248) and National Funds (Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia) through project PTDC/NAN-MAT/29248/2017. A L S Guimaraes acknowledges support from CNPq. C Herteliu was partially supported by a grant co-funded by FEDER through Operational Competitiveness Program (project ID P_40_382). P Hoogar acknowledges Centre for Bio Cultural Studies, Directorate of Research, Manipal Academy of Higher Education and Centre for Holistic Development and Research, Kalaghatagi. F N Hugo acknowledges the Visiting Professorship, PRINT Program, CAPES Foundation, Brazil. B-F Hwang was supported by China Medical University (CMU107-Z-04), Taichung, Taiwan. S M S Islam was funded by a National Heart Foundation Senior Research Fellowship and supported by Deakin University. R Q Ivers was supported by a research fellowship from the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia. M Jakovljevic acknowledges the Serbian part of this GBD-related contribution was co-funded through Grant OI175014 of the Ministry of Education Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia. P Jeemon was supported by a Clinical and Public Health intermediate fellowship (grant number IA/CPHI/14/1/501497) from the Wellcome Trust-Department of Biotechnology, India Alliance (2015-20). O John is a recipient of UIPA scholarship from University of New South Wales, Sydney. S V Katikireddi acknowledges funding from a NRS Senior Clinical Fellowship (SCAF/15/02), the Medical Research Council (MC_UU_12017/13, MC_UU_12017/15), and the Scottish Government Chief Scientist Office (SPHSU13, SPHSU15). C Kieling is a CNPq researcher and a UK Academy of Medical Sciences Newton Advanced Fellow. Y J Kim was supported by Research Management Office, Xiamen University Malaysia (XMUMRF/2018-C2/ITCM/00010). K Krishan is supported by UGC Centre of Advanced Study awarded to the Department of Anthropology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India. M Kumar was supported by K43 TW 010716 FIC/NIMH. B Lacey acknowledges support from the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre and the BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Oxford. J V Lazarus was supported by a Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities Miguel Servet grant (Instituto de Salud Carlos III [ISCIII]/ESF, the EU [CP18/00074]). K J Looker thanks the NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Evaluation of Interventions at the University of Bristol, in partnership with Public Health England, for research support. S Lorkowski was funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (nutriCARD, grant agreement number 01EA1808A). R A Lyons is supported by Health Data Research UK (HDR-9006), which is funded by the UK Medical Research Council, Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, Economic and Social Research Council, NIHR (England), Chief Scientist Office of the Scottish Government Health and Social Care Directorates, Health and Social Care Research and Development Division (Welsh Government), Public Health Agency (Northern Ireland), British Heart Foundation, and Wellcome Trust. J J McGrath is supported by the Danish National Research Foundation (Niels Bohr Professorship), and the Queensland Health Department (via West Moreton HHS). P T N Memiah acknowledges support from CODESRIA. U O Mueller gratefully acknowledges funding by the German National Cohort Study BMBF grant number 01ER1801D. S Nomura acknowledges the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan (18K10082). A Ortiz was supported by ISCIII PI19/00815, DTS18/00032, ISCIII-RETIC REDinREN RD016/0009 Fondos FEDER, FRIAT, Comunidad de Madrid B2017/BMD-3686 CIFRA2-CM. These funding sources had no role in the writing of the manuscript or the decision to submit it for publication. S B Patten was supported by the Cuthbertson & Fischer Chair in Pediatric Mental Health at the University of Calgary. G C Patton was supported by an aNHMRC Senior Principal Research Fellowship. M R Phillips was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC, number 81371502 and 81761128031). A Raggi, D Sattin, and S Schiavolin were supported by grants from the Italian Ministry of Health (Ricerca Corrente, Fondazione Istituto Neurologico C Besta, Linea 4-Outcome Research: dagli Indicatori alle Raccomandazioni Cliniche). P Rathi and B Unnikrishnan acknowledge Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal. A L P Ribeiro was supported by Brazilian National Research Council, CNPq, and the Minas Gerais State Research Agency, FAPEMIG. D C Ribeiro was supported by The Sir Charles Hercus Health Research Fellowship (#18/111) Health Research Council of New Zealand. D Ribeiro acknowledges financial support from the EU (FEDER funds through the Operational Competitiveness Program; POCI-01-0145-FEDER-029253). P S Sachdev acknowledges funding from the NHMRC of Australia Program Grant. A M Samy was supported by a fellowship from the Egyptian Fulbright Mission Program. M M Santric-Milicevic acknowledges the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia (contract number 175087). R Sarmiento-Suarez received institutional support from Applied and Environmental Sciences University (Bogota, Colombia) and ISCIII (Madrid, Spain). A E Schutte received support from the South African National Research Foundation SARChI Initiative (GUN 86895) and Medical Research Council. S T S Skou is currently funded by a grant from Region Zealand (Exercise First) and a grant from the European Research Council under the EU's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement number 801790). J B Soriano is funded by Centro de Investigacion en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias, ISCIII. R Tabares-Seisdedos was supported in part by the national grant PI17/00719 from ISCIII-FEDER. N Taveira was partially supported by the European & Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership, the EU (LIFE project, reference RIA2016MC-1615). S Tyrovolas was supported by the Foundation for Education and European Culture, the Sara Borrell postdoctoral programme (reference number CD15/00019 from ISCIII-FEDER). S B Zaman received a scholarship from the Australian Government research training programme in support of his academic career., "Peer Reviewed"
Published: 2020
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25. Measuring universal health coverage based on an index of effective coverage of health services in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author: William M. Gardner, Rawlance Ndejjo, Govinda Prasad Dhungana, Fereshteh Ansari, Kathleen Pillsbury Hopf, João Pedro Silva, M. Mofizul Islam, Cong Zhu, Abdul Hafiz, Irmina Maria Michalek, Syed Mohamed Aljunid, Leonardo Roever, Mustefa Glagn, Davood Anvari, Tessa M. Pilz, Sameer Vali Gopalani, Joel M. Francis, Man Mohan Mehndiratta, Rakhi Dandona, Abbas Sheikhtaheri, Mansour Ghafourifard, Simon Øverland, David Laith Rawaf, Jaykaran Charan, Akram Pourshams, Mostafa Dianatinasab, Morteza Mahmoudi, Alton Lu, Alyssa N. Sbarra, Lorainne Tudor Car, Franz Castro, Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria, Luca Ronfani, Marina Pinheiro, Mehran Asadi-Aliabadi, Maziar Moradi-Lakeh, Hoa Thi Do, Whitney L. Teagle, Sofia Androudi, Carl Abelardo T. Antonio, Myron Anthony Godinho, Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan, Oluchi Ezekannagha, Getinet Ayano, Seyyed Shamsadin Athari, Dimas Ria Angga Pribadi, Kyle E. Simpson, Muluken Bekele Sorrie, Vivekanand Jha, Chukwuma David Umeokonkwo, Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula, Cuong Tat Nguyen, Amr Hassan, Akine Eshete Abosetugn, Hailay Abrha Gesesew, Anna V. Korotkova, Brijesh Sathian, Marcello Tonelli, Olatunde Aremu, Mohammad Reza Salahshoor, Juan Jesus Carrero, Cameron J. Kneib, Ravi Prakash Jha, David H. Shaw, Hossein Samadi Kafil, Tanuj Kanchan, Khezar Hayat, Hamid Sharifi, Morteza Shamsizadeh, Muktar Omer Omer, Fatemeh Amiri, Hamidreza Pazoki Toroudi, David Edvardsson, Xiu Ju George Zhao, Hannah Han, Leticia Avila-Burgos, Adam E. Berman, Jemal Abdu Mohammed, Thomas Pilgrim, Leila Doshmangir, Mu'awiyyah Babale Sufiyan, David M. Pigott, Hadi Hassankhani, Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla, Teklemariam Gultie, Arash Ziapour, Seyed Sina Naghibi Irvani, Ilse N. Dippenaar, Jean Jacques Noubiap, Emmanuela Gakidou, Abiyu Mekonnen Gebrehiwot, Maha El Tantawi, Xuefeng Liu, Zulfiqar A. 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Huda, Fakher Rahim, Dara K. Mohammad, Yingxi Zhao, Ruxandra Irina Negoi, Vinod C. Nayak, Reinhard Busse, Andrew T. Leever, Muhammad Aziz Rahman, Kathryn Mei Ming Lau, Stefania Mondello, Vivian Chia-Rong Hsieh, Kris J. Krohn, Reza Rawassizadeh, Vishnu Renjith, Jianing Ma, Moses K. Muriithi, Mark G. Shrime, Mayowa O. Owolabi, Nobuyuki Horita, Seyed Hossein Yahyazadeh Jabbari, Daniel Y. Cho, Miloje Savic, Moslem Soofi, Iqbal R. F. Elyazar, Freweini Gebrearegay G. Tela, Jonathan F. Mosser, Palash Chandra Banik, Andre Rodrigues Duraes, Yuan-Pang Wang, Natalie C. Galles, Rashid Abdi Guled, Abdallah M. Samy, Hadi Pourjafar, Roman Topor-Madry, Ayesha Humayun, Leila Zaki, Nuworza Kugbey, Maryam Khayamzadeh, Naznin Hossain, Jiregna Darega Gela, Jordi Alonso, Ruth W Kimokoti, A. A. Fomenkov, Jalal Arabloo, Aletta E. Schutte, Biruk Wogayehu Taddele, Teklehaimanot Gereziher Haile, Diego Augusto Santos Silva, Seyed Mohammad Kazem Aghamir, Maciej Banach, Deanna Anderlini, Moses J. 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Lee, Mohammad Amin Bahrami, Wondimeneh Shibabaw Shiferaw, Emmanuel Wandera Okunga, Biniyam Sahiledengle Geberemariyam, Samer Hamidi, Young-Ho Khang, Rufus Akinyemi, Farhad Jadidi-Niaragh, Godfrey Mutashambara Rwegerera, Naser Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, Rupak Desai, Eduardo Bernabé, Jamal A. Yearwood, Nima Rezaei, Emerito Jose A. Faraon, Vasily Vlassov, Stanislav S. Otstavnov, Reed J D Sorensen, Elena V. Gnedovskaya, Johan Ärnlöv, Mukhammad David Naimzada, Tahereh Javaheri, Tamer H. Farag, Paolo Cortesi, Gbenga A. Kayode, Lucas Guimarães Abreu, Manu Raj Mathur, Getie Lake Aynalem, Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian, Doris V.V. Ortega-Altamirano, Giorgia Giussani, Liliana G Ciobanu, Suraj Bhattarai, Basema Saddik, Mustafa Z. Younis, Ensiyeh Jenabi, Ira Martopullo, Mohamed M. Gad, Kanyin L. Ong, Addisu Melese, Fotis Topouzis, Hanne Christensen, In-Hwan Oh, Arash Sarveazad, Shuhei Nomura, Peter Memiah, Sergej M. Ostojic, Santosh Kumar Tadakamadla, Dinesh Bhandari, Ahmed Omar Bali, Farahnaz Joukar, Arielle Wilder Eagan, Emma Elizabeth Spurlock, Ferrán Catalá-López, Caroline Stein, Jonathan M. Kocarnik, Stephen S Lim, Siamak Sabour, Kelly Compton, Shoaib Hassan, Rannveig Sigurvinsdottir, Claudiu Herteliu, Aso Mohammad Darwesh, Muluken Altaye Ayza, Angela Y. Chang, Leila R Kalankesh, Rafael Alves Guimarães, Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Lal B. Rawal, Soewarta Kosen, Degena Bahrey Tadesse, Theo Vos, Paula Moraga, Soheil Hassanipour, Abdelrahman Ibrahim Abushouk, Oladimeji Adebayo, Mikk Jürisson, Tuomo J. Meretoja, Ireneous N. Soyiri, Carlo La Vecchia, Khalil Eskandari, Aziz Sheikh, Jagdish Khubchandani, James Leigh, Morteza Arab-Zozani, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam, Stefan Kohler, Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi, Kazumasa Yamagishi, Michele Romoli, Jasvinder A. Singh, Neeraj Bedi, Ivo Iavicoli, Alyssa Pennini, Subas Neupane, Emmanuel Peprah, Sojib Bin Zaman, Marwa Rashad Salem, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen Gubari, Ramesh Holla, Bayisa Abdissa Baye, Robert Ancuceanu, Eduarda Fernandes, Chandrashekhar T Sreeramareddy, Ettore Beghi, Quique Bassat, B Reshmi, Masood Ali Shaikh, Ionut Negoi, Peter Azzopardi, Florian Fischer, Kerem Shuval, Sorin Hostiuc, Hmwe H Kyu, Ver Bilano, Siddhesh Zadey, Davide Rasella, Vahid Alipour, Sowmya J. Rao, Radoslaw Sierpinski, Irina Filip, Michelle L. Bell, Malke Asaad, Ravensara S. Travillian, Christopher R. Cederroth, Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos, Ashkan Afshin, Saqib Ali, Mahalaqua Nazli Khatib, Saad M.A. Dahlawi, Hedayat Abbastabar, Zahid A Butt, Sagun Paudel, Vahid Rashedi, B. Suresh Kumar Shetty, Thomas R. Hird, Shokofeh Maleki, Atif Amin Baig, Reza Heidari-Soureshjani, Shaun Wen Huey Lee, Jorge R. Ledesma, Ai-Min Wu, Fablina Sharara, Zemenu Tadesse Tessema, Ratilal Lalloo, Rohollah Kalhor, Rosario Cárdenas, Amir Radfar, Salime Goharinezhad, Fereshteh Mehri, Katarzyna Kissimova-Skarbek, Spencer A. Pease, Diana Silva, Amir Hossein Goudarzian, Samath D Dharmaratne, Darshan B B, Mariya Vladimirovna Titova, Dickson A. Amugsi, Lee Ling Lim, Agegnehu Bante, Charles D.A. Wolfe, Majid A Almadi, Seyed Mohammad Riahi, Nader Jahanmehr, Yuming Guo, Tauseef Ahmad, Platon D. Lopukhov, Takahiro Tabuchi, Nicholas J Kassebaum, Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak, Ritesh G. Menezes, Giovanni Damiani, Delia Hendrie, Mostafa Amini-Rarani, Sanjay Basu, Mohammad Hossein Bakhshaei, Gholamreza Roshandel, Borhan Mansouri, Enrico Rubagotti, Anurag Agrawal, Alireza Esteghamati, Paramjit Gill, Graeme J. Hankey, Mikhail Sergeevich Zastrozhin, Nima Hafezi-Nejad, Bruce Bartholow Duncan, Silvano Gallus, Jeevan Pereira, Ahamarshan Jayaraman Nagarajan, Giulia Carreras, Fariba Dorostkar, Pietro Ferrara, Andrea Farioli, Christoph Nowak, Ahmed I. Hasaballah, Vijay Kumar Chattu, Bolajoko O. Olusanya, Perminder S. Sachdev, Era Upadhyay, Tommi Vasankari, Susan M Sawyer, Adnan Kisa, Farshad Pourmalek, Kiomars Sharafi, Golnaz Heidari, Mohammad Abdollahi, Georges Nguefack-Tsague, Sajid Hameed, Sanni Yaya, Bach Xuan Tran, Ole Frithjof Norheim, Robert Kaba Alhassan, Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan, Ismail Tareque, Phetole Walter Mahasha, Kewal Krishan, Soraya Siabani, Aleksandr Y. Aravkin, Helena Ullyartha Pangaribuan, Maryam Zamanian, Joshua A. Salomon, Bianca S. Zlavog, Vinay Nangia, Falk Schwendicke, Takeshi Fukumoto, Hung Chak Ho, Jordan Weiss, Maha Atout, Tariku Tesfaye Bekuma, Efat Mohamadi, Nikolaos Dervenis, Joan B. Soriano, Syed Amir Gilani, Victor Adekanmbi, Marina Karanikolos, Alberto Raggi, Michael R.M. Abrigo, Weijia Fu, Reza Shirkoohi, Aditya Prasad Dash, Peng Jia, Masoumeh Sadeghi, Ashraf Nabhan, Isabela M. Benseñor, Morteza Jafarinia, Joht Singh Chandan, Usman Iqbal, Amira Shaheen, Deepak Saxena, Lauren B. Wilner, Nataliya A. Foigt, Jeadran N. Malagón-Rojas, David C. Schwebel, Gail Davey, Milena Ilic, Josep Maria Haro, Peter Njenga Keiyoro, Stein Emil Vollset, Andrea Werdecker, Zahiruddin Quazi Syed, Yared Asmare Aynalem, Entezar Mehrabi Nasab, Yihun Mulugeta Alemu, Muhammad Ali, Mona M. Khater, Ehsan Sadeghi, Thirunavukkarasu Sathish, Pascual R. Valdez, Jennifer Rickard, Mark A. Stokes, Davide Sattin, Ewerton Cousin, Oliver J. Brady, Krittika Bhattacharyya, Mika Kivimäki, Andrew T Olagunju, Jost B. Jonas, Dian Kusuma, Goura Kishor Rath, Alberto Ortiz, Samad Azari, Nayu Ikeda, James L. Fisher, Peng Zheng, Elisabetta Pupillo, Pankaj Bhardwaj, Suzanne Lyn Barker-Collo, Riaz Uddin, Ester Cerin, Amir Taherkhani, Martin Amogre Ayanore, Richard G. Wamai, Anders Larsson, Josephine W. Ngunjiri, Hosni Salem, Hesham M. Al-Mekhlafi, Sharareh Eskandarieh, Taraneh Yousefinezhadi, Srikanta Banerjee, Yang Xie, Yuichiro Yano, Songhomitra Panda-Jonas, Themba G. Ginindza, Manasi Kumar, Babak Moazen, Bing-Fang Hwang, Cristiana Abbafati, Florentino Luciano Caetano dos Santos, Juan Sanabria, Milena Santric-Milicevic, Carla Sofia e.Sá Farinha, Samuel B. Albertson, Chieh Han, Parvaiz A Koul, Foad Abd-Allah, Mojisola Oluwasanu, Mihaela Hostiuc, Chinwe Juliana Iwu, Colm McAlinden, Mohsen Naghavi, Maarten J. Postma, Chhabi Lal Ranabhat, Jalil Jaafari, Walter Mendoza, Abdulaziz M. Almulhim, Magdalene K. Walters, Ali H. Mokdad, Andre M. N. Renzaho, Catherine M. Antony, Ken Lee Chin, Ali A. Asadi-Pooya, Daniel Diaz, Adrian Pana, Salman Rawaf, Gina Agarwal, Demelash Woldeyohannes Handiso, Savita Lasrado, Amir Almasi-Hashiani, Praveen Hoogar, Srinivasa Rao Bolla, Fares Alahdab, Om P Kurmi, Sonali Kochhar, Van C. Lansingh, François Alla, Ali Almasi, Till Bärnighausen, Michael A. Piradov, Zubair Kabir, Boris Bikbov, Philip B. 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Esteghamati, A, Ezekannagha, O, Farag, T, Farahmand, M, Faraon, E, Farinha, C, Farioli, A, Faris, P, Faro, A, Fazlzadeh, M, Feigin, V, Fernandes, E, Ferrara, P, Feyissa, G, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Fisher, J, Flor, L, Foigt, N, Folayan, M, Fomenkov, A, Foroutan, M, Francis, J, Fu, W, Fukumoto, T, Furtado, J, Gad, M, Gaidhane, A, Gakidou, E, Galles, N, Gallus, S, Gardner, W, Geberemariyam, B, Gebrehiwot, A, Gebremeskel, L, Gebremeskel, G, Gesesew, H, Ghadiri, K, Ghafourifard, M, Ghashghaee, A, Ghith, N, Gholamian, A, Gilani, S, Gill, P, Gill, T, Ginindza, T, Gitimoghaddam, M, Giussani, G, Glagn, M, Gnedovskaya, E, Godinho, M, Goharinezhad, S, Gopalani, S, Goudarzian, A, Goulart, B, Gubari, M, Guimarães, R, Guled, R, Gultie, T, Guo, Y, Gupta, R, Hafezi-Nejad, N, Hafiz, A, Haile, T, Hamadeh, R, Hameed, S, Hamidi, S, Han, C, Han, H, Handiso, D, Hanif, A, Hankey, G, Haro, J, Hasaballah, A, Hasan, M, Hashi, A, Hassan, S, Hassan, A, Hassanipour, S, Hassankhani, H, Havmoeller, R, Hay, S, Hayat, K, Heidari, G, Heidari-Soureshjani, R, Hendrie, D, Herteliu, C, Hird, T, Ho, H, Hole, M, Holla, R, Hollingsworth, B, Hoogar, P, Hopf, K, Horita, N, Hossain, N, Hosseini, M, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hostiuc, M, Hostiuc, S, Househ, M, Hsieh, V, Hu, G, Huda, T, Humayun, A, Hwang, B, Iavicoli, I, Ibitoye, S, Ikeda, N, Ilesanmi, O, Ilic, I, Ilic, M, Inbaraj, L, Iqbal, U, Irvani, S, Irvine, C, Islam, M, Islam, S, Islami, F, Iso, H, Iwu, C, Jaafari, J, Jadidi-Niaragh, F, Jafarinia, M, Jahagirdar, D, Jahani, M, Jahanmehr, N, Jakovljevic, M, Janjani, H, Javaheri, T, Jayatilleke, A, Jenabi, E, Jha, R, Jha, V, Ji, J, Jia, P, John-Akinola, Y, Jonas, J, Joukar, F, Jozwiak, J, Jürisson, M, Kabir, Z, Kalankesh, L, Kalhor, R, Kamath, A, Kanchan, T, Kapoor, N, Karami Matin, B, Karanikolos, M, Karimi, S, Kassebaum, N, Katikireddi, S, Kayode, G, Keiyoro, P, Khader, Y, Khammarnia, M, Khan, M, Khan, E, Khang, Y, Khatab, K, Khater, A, Khater, M, Khatib, M, Khayamzadeh, M, Khubchandani, J, Kianipour, N, Kim, Y, Kimokoti, R, Kinfu, Y, Kisa, A, Kissimova-Skarbek, K, Kivimäki, M, Kneib, C, Kocarnik, J, Kochhar, S, Kohler, S, Kopec, J, Korotkova, A, Korshunov, V, Kosen, S, Kotlo, A, Koul, P, Koyanagi, A, Krishan, K, Krohn, K, Kugbey, N, Kulkarni, V, Kumar, G, Kumar, N, Kumar, M, Kurmi, O, Kusuma, D, Kyu, H, La Vecchia, C, Lal, D, Lalloo, R, Landires, I, Lansingh, V, Larsson, A, Lasrado, S, Lau, K, Lauriola, P, Lazarus, J, Ledesma, J, Lee, P, Lee, S, Leever, A, Legrand, K, Leigh, J, Leonardi, M, Li, S, Lim, S, Lim, L, Liu, X, Logroscino, G, Lopez, A, Lopukhov, P, Lotufo, P, Lu, A, Ma, J, Madadin, M, Mahasha, P, Mahmoudi, M, Majeed, A, Malagón-Rojas, J, Maleki, S, Malta, D, Mansouri, B, Mansournia, M, Martini, S, Martins-Melo, F, Martopullo, I, Massenburg, B, Mastrogiacomo, C, Mathur, M, Mcalinden, C, Mckee, M, Medina-Solís, C, Meharie, B, Mehndiratta, M, Mehrabi Nasab, E, Mehri, F, Mehrotra, R, Mekonnen, T, Melese, A, Memiah, P, Mendoza, W, Menezes, R, Mensah, G, Meretoja, T, Meretoja, A, Mestrovic, T, Miazgowski, B, Michalek, I, Mirrakhimov, E, Mirzaei, M, Mirzaei-Alavijeh, M, Mitchell, P, Moazen, B, Moghadaszadeh, M, Mohamadi, E, Mohammad, Y, Mohammad, D, Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, N, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Mohammed, S, Mohammed, J, Mokdad, A, Monasta, L, Mondello, S, Moradi, M, Moradi-Lakeh, M, Moradzadeh, R, Moraga, P, Morgado-da-Costa, J, Morrison, S, Mosapour, A, Mosser, J, Mousavi Khaneghah, A, Muriithi, M, Mustafa, G, Nabhan, A, Naderi, M, Nagarajan, A, Naghavi, M, Naghshtabrizi, B, Naimzada, M, Nangia, V, Nansseu, J, Nayak, V, Nazari, J, Ndejjo, R, Negoi, I, Negoi, R, Neupane, S, Ngari, K, Nguefack-Tsague, G, Ngunjiri, J, Nguyen, C, Nguyen, D, Nguyen, H, Nnaji, C, Nomura, S, Norheim, O, Noubiap, J, Nowak, C, Nunez-Samudio, V, Otoiu, A, Ogbo, F, Oghenetega, O, Oh, I, Okunga, E, Oladnabi, M, Olagunju, A, Olusanya, J, Olusanya, B, Oluwasanu, M, Omar Bali, A, Omer, M, Ong, K, Onwujekwe, O, Ortega-Altamirano, D, Ortiz, A, Ostojic, S, Otstavnov, N, Otstavnov, S, Øverland, S, Owolabi, M, Padubidri, J, Pakhale, S, Palladino, R, Pana, A, Panda-Jonas, S, Pangaribuan, H, Pathak, M, Patton, G, Paudel, S, Pazoki Toroudi, H, Pease, S, Peden, A, Pennini, A, Peprah, E, Pereira, J, Pigott, D, Pilgrim, T, Pilz, T, Pinheiro, M, Piradov, M, Pirsaheb, M, Pokhrel, K, Postma, M, Pourjafar, H, Pourmalek, F, Pourmirza Kalhori, R, Pourshams, A, Prada, S, Pribadi, D, Pupillo, E, Quazi Syed, Z, Radfar, A, Rafiee, A, Rafiei, A, Raggi, A, Rahim, F, Rahman, M, Rajabpour-Sanati, A, Rana, S, Ranabhat, C, Rao, S, Rasella, D, Rashedi, V, Rath, G, Rathi, P, Rawaf, S, Rawaf, D, Rawal, L, Rawassizadeh, R, Razo, C, Renjith, V, Renzaho, A, Reshmi, B, Rezaei, N, Riahi, S, Ribeiro, D, Rickard, J, Roberts, N, Roever, L, Romoli, M, Ronfani, L, Roshandel, G, Rubagotti, E, Rwegerera, G, Sabour, S, Sachdev, P, Saddik, B, Sadeghi, M, Sadeghi, E, Safari, Y, Sagar, R, Sahebkar, A, Sahraian, M, Sajadi, S, Salahshoor, M, Salem, M, Salem, H, Salomon, J, Samadi Kafil, H, Samy, A, Sanabria, J, Santric-Milicevic, M, Saraswathy, S, Sarmiento-Suárez, R, Sarveazad, A, Sathian, B, Sathish, T, Sattin, D, Savic, M, Sawyer, S, Saxena, D, Sbarra, A, Schaeffer, L, Schiavolin, S, Schmidt, M, Schutte, A, Schwebel, D, Schwendicke, F, Seedat, S, Sha, F, Shahabi, S, Shaheen, A, Shaikh, M, Shamsizadeh, M, Shannawaz, M, Sharafi, K, Sharara, F, Sharifi, H, Shaw, D, Sheikh, A, Sheikhtaheri, A, Shetty, B, Shibuya, K, Shiferaw, W, Shigematsu, M, Shin, J, Shiri, R, Shirkoohi, R, Shivakumar, K, Shrime, M, Shuval, K, Siabani, S, Sierpinski, R, Sigfusdottir, I, Sigurvinsdottir, R, Silva, D, Silva, J, Simonetti, B, Simpson, K, Singh, J, Singh, P, Sinha, D, Skryabin, V, Smith, E, Soheili, A, Soltani, S, Soofi, M, Sorensen, R, Soriano, J, Sorrie, M, Soyiri, I, Spurlock, E, Sreeramareddy, C, Stanaway, J, Steel, N, Stein, C, Stokes, M, Sufiyan, M, Suleria, H, Sultan, I, Szumowski, Ł, Tabarés-Seisdedos, R, Tabuchi, T, Tadakamadla, S, Taddele, B, Tadesse, D, Taherkhani, A, Tamiru, A, Tanser, F, Tareque, M, Tarigan, I, Teagle, W, Tediosi, F, Tefera, Y, Tela, F, Tessema, Z, Thakur, B, Titova, M, Tonelli, M, Topor-Madry, R, Topouzis, F, Tovani-Palone, M, Tran, B, Travillian, R, Troeger, C, Tudor Car, L, Uddin, R, Ullah, I, Umeokonkwo, C, Unnikrishnan, B, Upadhyay, E, Uthman, O, Vacante, M, Valdez, P, Varughese, S, Vasankari, T, Vasseghian, Y, Venketasubramanian, N, Violante, F, Vlassov, V, Vollset, S, Vongpradith, A, Vos, T, Waheed, Y, Walters, M, Wamai, R, Wang, H, Wang, Y, Weintraub, R, Weiss, J, Werdecker, A, Westerman, R, Wilner, L, Woldu, G, Wolfe, C, Wu, A, Wulf Hanson, S, Xie, Y, Xu, R, Yahyazadeh Jabbari, S, Yamagishi, K, Yano, Y, Yaya, S, Yazdi-Feyzabadi, V, Yearwood, J, Yeshitila, Y, Yip, P, Yonemoto, N, Younis, M, Yousefi, Z, Yousefinezhadi, T, Yusefzadeh, H, Zadey, S, Zahirian Moghadam, T, Zaidi, S, Zaki, L, Zaman, S, Zamani, M, Zamanian, M, Zandian, H, Zastrozhin, M, Zewdie, K, Zhang, Y, Zhao, X, Zhao, Y, Zheng, P, Zhu, C, Ziapour, A, Zlavog, B, Zodpey, S, Murray, C, Tampere University, Health Sciences, 10922180 - Schutte, Aletta Elisabeth, Lozano, R., Fullman, N., Mumford, J. E., Knight, M., Barthelemy, C. M., Abbafati, C., Abbastabar, H., Abd-Allah, F., Abdollahi, M., Abedi, A., Abolhassani, H., Abosetugn, A. E., Abreu, L. G., Abrigo, M. R. M., Abu Haimed, A. K., Abushouk, A. I., Adabi, M., Adebayo, O. M., Adekanmbi, V., Adelson, J., Adetokunboh, O. O., Adham, D., Advani, S. M., Afshin, A., Agarwal, G., Agasthi, P., Aghamir, S. M. K., Agrawal, A., Ahmad, T., Akinyemi, R. O., Alahdab, F., Al-Aly, Z., Alam, K., Albertson, S. B., Alemu, Y. M., Alhassan, R. K., Ali, M., Ali, S., Alipour, V., Aljunid, S. M., Alla, F., Almadi, M. A. H., Almasi, A., Almasi-Hashiani, A., Almasri, N. A., Al-Mekhlafi, H. M., Almulhim, A. M., Alonso, J., Al-Raddadi, R. M., Altirkawi, K. A., Alvis-Guzman, N., Alvis-Zakzuk, N. J., Amini, S., Amini-Rarani, M., Amiri, F., Amit, A. M. L., Amugsi, D. A., Ancuceanu, R., Anderlini, D., Andrei, C. L., Androudi, S., Ansari, F., Ansari-Moghaddam, A., Antonio, C. A. T., Antony, C. M., Antriyandarti, E., Anvari, D., Anwer, R., Arabloo, J., Arab-Zozani, M., Aravkin, A. Y., Aremu, O., Arnlov, J., Asaad, M., Asadi-Aliabadi, M., Asadi-Pooya, A. A., Athari, S. S., Atout, M. M. W., Ausloos, M., Avila-Burgos, L., Ayala Quintanilla, B. P., Ayano, G., Ayanore, M. A., Aynalem, Y. A., Aynalem, G. L., Ayza, M. A., Azari, S., Azzopardi, P. S., B, D. B., Babaee, E., Badiye, A. D., Bahrami, M. A., Baig, A. A., Bakhshaei, M. H., Bakhtiari, A., Bakkannavar, S. M., Balachandran, A., Banach, M., Banerjee, S. K., Banik, P. C., Bante, A. B., Bante, S. A., Barker-Collo, S. L., Barnighausen, T. W., Barrero, L. H., Bassat, Q., Basu, S., Baune, B. T., Bayati, M., Baye, B. A., Bedi, N., Beghi, E., Behzadifar, M., Bekuma, T. T. T., Bell, M. L., Bensenor, I. M., Berman, A. E., Bernabe, E., Bernstein, R. S., Bhagavathula, A. S., Bhandari, D., Bhardwaj, P., Bhat, A. G., Bhattacharyya, K., Bhattarai, S., Bhutta, Z. A., Bijani, A., Bikbov, B., Bilano, V., Biondi, A., Birihane, B. M., Bockarie, M. J., Bohlouli, S., Bojia, H. A., Bolla, S. R. R., Boloor, A., Brady, O. J., Braithwaite, D., Briggs, A. M., Briko, N. I., Burugina Nagaraja, S., Busse, R., Butt, Z. A., Caetano dos Santos, F. L., Cahuana-Hurtado, L., Camera, L. A., Cardenas, R., Carreras, G., Carrero, J. J., Carvalho, F., Castaldelli-Maia, J. M., Castaneda-Orjuela, C. A., Castelpietra, G., Castro, F., Catala-Lopez, F., Cederroth, C. R., Cerin, E., Chandan, J. S., Chang, A. Y., Charan, J., Chattu, V. K., Chaturvedi, S., Chin, K. L., Cho, D. Y., Choi, J. -Y. J., Christensen, H., Chu, D. -T., Chung, M. T., Ciobanu, L. G., Cirillo, M., Compton, K., Cortesi, P. A., Costa, V. M., Cousin, E., Dahlawi, S. M. A., Damiani, G., Dandona, L., Dandona, R., Darega Gela, J., Darwesh, A. M., Daryani, A., Dash, A. P., Davey, G., Davila-Cervantes, C. A., Davletov, K., De Neve, J. -W., Denova-Gutierrez, E., Deribe, K., Dervenis, N., Desai, R., Dharmaratne, S. D., Dhungana, G. P., Dianatinasab, M., Dias da Silva, D., Diaz, D., Dippenaar, I. N., Do, H. T., Dorostkar, F., Doshmangir, L., Duncan, B. B., Duraes, A. R., Eagan, A. W., Edvardsson, D., El Sayed, I., El Tantawi, M., Elgendy, I. Y., Elyazar, I. R., Eskandari, K., Eskandarieh, S., Esmaeilnejad, S., Esteghamati, A., Ezekannagha, O., Farag, T., Farahmand, M., Faraon, E. J. A., Farinha, C. S. E. S., Farioli, A., Faris, P. S., Faro, A., Fazlzadeh, M., Feigin, V. L., Fernandes, E., Ferrara, P., Feyissa, G. T., Filip, I., Fischer, F., Fisher, J. L., Flor, L. S., Foigt, N. A., Folayan, M. O., Fomenkov, A. A., Foroutan, M., Francis, J. M., Fu, W., Fukumoto, T., Furtado, J. M., Gad, M. M., Gaidhane, A. M., Gakidou, E., Galles, N. C., Gallus, S., Gardner, W. M., Geberemariyam, B. S., Gebrehiwot, A. M., Gebremeskel, L. G., Gebremeskel, G. G., Gesesew, H. A., Ghadiri, K., Ghafourifard, M., Ghashghaee, A., Ghith, N., Gholamian, A., Gilani, S. A., Gill, P. S., Gill, T. K., Ginindza, T. G., Gitimoghaddam, M., Giussani, G., Glagn, M., Gnedovskaya, E. V., Godinho, M. A., Goharinezhad, S., Gopalani, S. V., Goudarzian, A. H., Goulart, B. N. G., Gubari, M. I. M., Guimaraes, R. A., Guled, R. A., Gultie, T., Guo, Y., Gupta, R., Hafezi-Nejad, N., Hafiz, A., Haile, T. G., Hamadeh, R. R., Hameed, S., Hamidi, S., Han, C., Han, H., Handiso, D. W., Hanif, A., Hankey, G. J., Haro, J. M., Hasaballah, A. I., Hasan, M. M., Hashi, A., Hassan, S., Hassan, A., Hassanipour, S., Hassankhani, H., Havmoeller, R. J., Hay, S. I., Hayat, K., Heidari, G., Heidari-Soureshjani, R., Hendrie, D., Herteliu, C., Hird, T. R., Ho, H. C., Hole, M. K., Holla, R., Hoogar, P., Hopf, K. P., Horita, N., Hossain, N., Hosseini, M., Hosseinzadeh, M., Hostiuc, M., Hostiuc, S., Househ, M., Hsieh, V. C. -R., Hu, G., Huda, T. M., Humayun, A., Hwang, B. -F., Iavicoli, I., Ibitoye, S. E., Ikeda, N., Ilesanmi, O. S., Ilic, M. D., Inbaraj, L. R., Iqbal, U., Irvani, S. S. N., Irvine, C. M. S., Islam, M. M., Islam, S. M. S., Islami, F., Iso, H., Iwu, C. J., Jaafari, J., Jadidi-Niaragh, F., Jafarinia, M., Jahagirdar, D., Jahani, M. A., Jahanmehr, N., Jakovljevic, M., Janjani, H., Javaheri, T., Jayatilleke, A. U., Jenabi, E., Jha, R. P., Jha, V., Ji, J. S., Jia, P., John-Akinola, Y. O., Jonas, J. B., Joukar, F., Jozwiak, J. J., Jurisson, M., Kabir, Z., Kalankesh, L. R., Kalhor, R., Kamath, A. M., Kanchan, T., Kapoor, N., Karami Matin, B., Karanikolos, M., Karimi, S. M., Kassebaum, N. J., Katikireddi, S. V., Kayode, G. A., Keiyoro, P. N., Khader, Y. S., Khammarnia, M., Khan, M., Khan, E. A., Khang, Y. -H., Khatab, K., Khater, A. M., Khater, M. M., Khatib, M. N., Khayamzadeh, M., Khubchandani, J., Kianipour, N., Kim, Y. J., Kimokoti, R. W., Kinfu, Y., Kisa, A., Kissimova-Skarbek, K., Kivimaki, M., Kneib, C. J., Kocarnik, J. M., Kochhar, S., Kohler, S., Kopec, J. A., Korotkova, A. V., Korshunov, V. A., Kosen, S., Kotlo, A., Koul, P. A., Koyanagi, A., Krishan, K., Krohn, K. 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Subjects: Index (economics), Servicios de Salud, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, universal health coverage, sustaibale develpment goal, global burden of disease, performance, systematic analysis, Global Burden of Disease, 0302 clinical medicine, Universal Health Insurance, RA0421, 11. Sustainability, Per capita, Medical economics, Disease, 030212 general & internal medicine, 10. No inequality, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, effective coverage of health services, GBD 2019 Universal Health Coverage Collaborators, education.field_of_study, Public health, Medical care, Sjúkdómar, 4. Education, 1. No poverty, Health coverage, Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology, General Medicine, Hälsovetenskaper, 3142 Public health care science, environmental and occupational health, Health services, 3. Good health, Global burden of disease, Health Expenditures, Humans, World Health Organization, Purchasing power parity, Scale (social sciences), Lýðheilsa, universal health coverag, CANCER SURVIVAL, ACCESS, Human, Heilsuhagfræði, medicine.medical_specialty, Health coverage, GBD, GBD, Universal health, GBD 2019, Population, Health expenditures, 3122 Cancers, Population health, 03 medical and health sciences, Health systems, Heilbrigðisvísindi, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, General & Internal Medicine, Development economics, Health Sciences, medicine, Heilbrigðisstefna, Alþjóðaheilbrigðisstofnunin, QUALITY, Global Burden of Disease Study, education, PROGRESS, Disease burden, Health services accessibility, CARE, Heilbrigðisþjónusta, purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#3.02.00 [https], Health Expenditure, Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi, 3121 General medicine, internal medicine and other clinical medicine, Morbility, Administración de los Servicios de Salud, Medical policy, Business, Heilbrigðiskerfi
Abstract: Publisher's version (útgefin grein), Background Achieving universal health coverage (UHC) involves all people receiving the health services they need, of high quality, without experiencing financial hardship. Making progress towards UHC is a policy priority for both countries and global institutions, as highlighted by the agenda of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and WHO's Thirteenth General Programme of Work (GPW13). Measuring effective coverage at the health-system level is important for understanding whether health services are aligned with countries' health profiles and are of sufficient quality to produce health gains for populations of all ages. Methods Based on the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019, we assessed UHC effective coverage for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019. Drawing from a measurement framework developed through WHO's GPW13 consultation, we mapped 23 effective coverage indicators to a matrix representing health service types (eg, promotion, prevention, and treatment) and five population-age groups spanning from reproductive and newborn to older adults (>= 65 years). Effective coverage indicators were based on intervention coverage or outcome-based measures such as mortality-to-incidence ratios to approximate access to quality care; outcome-based measures were transformed to values on a scale of 0-100 based on the 2.5th and 97.5th percentile of location-year values. We constructed the UHC effective coverage index by weighting each effective coverage indicator relative to its associated potential health gains, as measured by disability-adjusted life-years for each location-year and population-age group. For three tests of validity (content, known-groups, and convergent), UHC effective coverage index performance was generally better than that of other UHC service coverage indices from WHO (ie, the current metric for SDG indicator 3.8.1 on UHC service coverage), the World Bank, and GBD 2017. We quantified frontiers of UHC effective coverage performance on the basis of pooled health spending per capita, representing UHC effective coverage index levels achieved in 2019 relative to country-level government health spending, prepaid private expenditures, and development assistance for health. To assess current trajectories towards the GPW13 UHC billion target-1 billion more people benefiting from UHC by 2023-we estimated additional population equivalents with UHC effective coverage from 2018 to 2023. Findings Globally, performance on the UHC effective coverage index improved from 45.8 (95% uncertainty interval 44.2-47.5) in 1990 to 60.3 (58.7-61.9) in 2019, yet country-level UHC effective coverage in 2019 still spanned from 95 or higher in Japan and Iceland to lower than 25 in Somalia and the Central African Republic. Since 2010, sub-Saharan Africa showed accelerated gains on the UHC effective coverage index (at an average increase of 2.6% [1.9-3.3] per year up to 2019); by contrast, most other GBD super-regions had slowed rates of progress in 2010-2019 relative to 1990-2010. Many countries showed lagging performance on effective coverage indicators for non-communicable diseases relative to those for communicable diseases and maternal and child health, despite non-communicable diseases accounting for a greater proportion of potential health gains in 2019, suggesting that many health systems are not keeping pace with the rising non-communicable disease burden and associated population health needs. In 2019, the UHC effective coverage index was associated with pooled health spending per capita (r=0.79), although countries across the development spectrum had much lower UHC effective coverage than is potentially achievable relative to their health spending. Under maximum efficiency of translating health spending into UHC effective coverage performance, countries would need to reach $1398 pooled health spending per capita (US$ adjusted for purchasing power parity) in order to achieve 80 on the UHC effective coverage index. From 2018 to 2023, an estimated 388.9 million (358.6-421.3) more population equivalents would have UHC effective coverage, falling well short of the GPW13 target of 1 billion more people benefiting from UHC during this time. Current projections point to an estimated 3.1 billion (3.0-3.2) population equivalents still lacking UHC effective coverage in 2023, with nearly a third (968.1 million [903.5-1040.3]) residing in south Asia. Interpretation The present study demonstrates the utility of measuring effective coverage and its role in supporting improved health outcomes for all people-the ultimate goal of UHC and its achievement. Global ambitions to accelerate progress on UHC service coverage are increasingly unlikely unless concerted action on non-communicable diseases occurs and countries can better translate health spending into improved performance. Focusing on effective coverage and accounting for the world's evolving health needs lays the groundwork for better understanding how close-or how far-all populations are in benefiting from UHC., Lucas Guimaraes Abreu acknowledges support from Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior -Brasil (Capes) -Finance Code 001, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq) and Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG). Olatunji O Adetokunboh acknowledges South African Department of Science & Innovation, and National Research Foundation. Anurag Agrawal acknowledges support from the Wellcome Trust DBT India Alliance Senior Fellowship IA/CPHS/14/1/501489. Rufus Olusola Akinyemi acknowledges Grant U01HG010273 from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) as part of the H3Africa Consortium. Rufus Olusola Akinyemi is further supported by the FLAIR fellowship funded by the UK Royal Society and the African Academy of Sciences. Syed Mohamed Aljunid acknowledges the Department of Health Policy and Management, Faculty of Public Health, Kuwait University and International Centre for Casemix and Clinical Coding, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Malaysia for the approval and support to participate in this research project. Marcel Ausloos, Claudiu Herteliu, and Adrian Pana acknowledge partial support by a grant of the Romanian National Authority for Scientific Research and Innovation, CNDSUEFISCDI, project number PN-III-P4-ID-PCCF-2016-0084. Till Winfried Barnighausen acknowledges support from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation through the Alexander von Humboldt Professor award, funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research. Juan J Carrero was supported by the Swedish Research Council (2019-01059). Felix Carvalho acknowledges UID/MULTI/04378/2019 and UID/QUI/50006/2019 support with funding from FCT/MCTES through national funds. Vera Marisa Costa acknowledges support from grant (SFRH/BHD/110001/2015), received by Portuguese national funds through Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (FCT), IP, under the Norma TransitA3ria DL57/2016/CP1334/CT0006. Jan-Walter De Neve acknowledges support from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. Kebede Deribe acknowledges support by Wellcome Trust grant number 201900/Z/16/Z as part of his International Intermediate Fellowship. Claudiu Herteliu acknowledges partial support by a grant co-funded by European Fund for Regional Development through Operational Program for Competitiveness, Project ID P_40_382. Praveen Hoogar acknowledges the Centre for Bio Cultural Studies (CBiCS), Manipal Academy of Higher Education(MAHE), Manipal and Centre for Holistic Development and Research (CHDR), Kalghatgi. Bing-Fang Hwang acknowledges support from China Medical University (CMU108-MF-95), Taichung, Taiwan. Mihajlo Jakovljevic acknowledges the Serbian part of this GBD contribution was co-funded through the Grant OI175014 of the Ministry of Education Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia. Aruna M Kamath acknowledges funding from the National Institutes of Health T32 grant (T32GM086270). Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi acknowledges funding from the Medical Research Council (MC_UU_12017/13 & MC_UU_12017/15), Scottish Government Chief Scientist Office (SPHSU13 & SPHSU15) and an NRS Senior Clinical Fellowship (SCAF/15/02). Yun Jin Kim acknowledges support from the Research Management Centre, Xiamen University Malaysia (XMUMRF/2018-C2/ITCM/0001). Kewal Krishan acknowledges support from the DST PURSE grant and UGC Center of Advanced Study (CAS II) awarded to the Department of Anthropology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India. Manasi Kumar acknowledges support from K43 TW010716 Fogarty International Center/NIMH. Ben Lacey acknowledges support from the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre and the BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Oxford. Ivan Landires is a member of the Sistema Nacional de InvestigaciA3n (SNI), which is supported by the Secretaria Nacional de Ciencia Tecnologia e Innovacion (SENACYT), Panama. Jeffrey V Lazarus acknowledges support by a Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities Miguel Servet grant (Instituto de Salud Carlos III/ESF, European Union [CP18/00074]). Peter T N Memiah acknowledges CODESRIA; HISTP. Subas Neupane acknowledges partial support from the Competitive State Research Financing of the Expert Responsibility area of Tampere University Hospital. Shuhei Nomura acknowledges support from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan (18K10082). Alberto Ortiz acknowledges support by ISCIII PI19/00815, DTS18/00032, ISCIII-RETIC REDinREN RD016/0009 Fondos FEDER, FRIAT, Comunidad de Madrid B2017/BMD-3686 CIFRA2-CM. These funding sources had no role in the writing of the manuscript or the decision to submit it for publication. George C Patton acknowledges support from a National Health & Medical Research Council Fellowship. Marina Pinheiro acknowledges support from FCT for funding through program DL 57/2016 -Norma transitA3ria. Alberto Raggi, David Sattin, and Silvia Schiavolin acknowledge support by a grant from the Italian Ministry of Health (Ricerca Corrente, Fondazione Istituto Neurologico C Besta, Linea 4 -Outcome Research: dagli Indicatori alle Raccomandazioni Cliniche). Daniel Cury Ribeiro acknowledges support from the Sir Charles Hercus Health Research Fellowship -Health Research Council of New Zealand (18/111). Perminder S Sachdev acknowledges funding from the NHMRC Australia. Abdallah M Samy acknowledges support from a fellowship from the Egyptian Fulbright Mission Program. Milena M Santric-Milicevic acknowledges support from the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia (Contract No. 175087). Rodrigo Sarmiento-Suarez acknowledges institutional support from University of Applied and Environmental Sciences in Bogota, Colombia, and Carlos III Institute of Health in Madrid, Spain. Maria Ines Schmidt acknowledges grants from the Foundation for the Support of Research of the State of Rio Grande do Sul (IATS and PrInt) and the Brazilian Ministry of Health. Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam acknowledges a fellowship from the National Heart Foundation of Australia and Deakin University. Aziz Sheikh acknowledges support from Health Data Research UK. Kenji Shibuya acknowledges Japan Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology. Joan B Soriano acknowledges support by Centro de Investigacion en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain. Rafael Tabares-Seisdedos acknowledges partial support from grant PI17/00719 from ISCIII-FEDER. Santosh Kumar Tadakamadla acknowledges support from the National Health and Medical Research Council Early Career Fellowship, Australia. Marcello Tonelli acknowledges the David Freeze Chair in Health Services Research at the University of Calgary, AB, Canada., "Peer Reviewed"
Published: 2020
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26. Cancer Incidence, Mortality, Years of Life Lost, Years Lived With Disability, and Disability-Adjusted Life Years for 29 Cancer Groups From 2010 to 2019: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.

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SE, Ida F, Ikuta KS, Ilesanmi OS, Ilic IM, Ilic MD, Irham LM, Islam JY, Islam RM, Islam SMS, Ismail NE, Isola G, Iwagami M, Jacob L, Jain V, Jakovljevic MB, Javaheri T, Jayaram S, Jazayeri SB, Jha RP, Jonas JB, Joo T, Joseph N, Joukar F, Jürisson M, Kabir A, Kahrizi D, Kalankesh LR, Kalhor R, Kaliyadan F, Kalkonde Y, Kamath A, Kameran Al-Salihi N, Kandel H, Kapoor N, Karch A, Kasa AS, Katikireddi SV, Kauppila JH, Kavetskyy T, Kebede SA, Keshavarz P, Keykhaei M, Khader YS, Khalilov R, Khan G, Khan M, Khan MN, Khan MAB, Khang YH, Khater AM, Khayamzadeh M, Kim GR, Kim YJ, Kisa A, Kisa S, Kissimova-Skarbek K, Kopec JA, Koteeswaran R, Koul PA, Koulmane Laxminarayana SL, Koyanagi A, Kucuk Bicer B, Kugbey N, Kumar GA, Kumar N, Kumar N, Kurmi OP, Kutluk T, La Vecchia C, Lami FH, Landires I, Lauriola P, Lee SW, Lee SWH, Lee WC, Lee YH, Leigh J, Leong E, Li J, Li MC, Liu X, Loureiro JA, Lunevicius R, Magdy Abd El Razek M, Majeed A, Makki A, Male S, Malik AA, Mansournia MA, Martini S, Masoumi SZ, Mathur P, McKee M, Mehrotra R, Mendoza W, Menezes RG, Mengesha EW, Mesregah MK, Mestrovic T, Miao Jonasson J, Miazgowski B, Miazgowski T, Michalek IM, Miller TR, Mirzaei H, Mirzaei HR, Misra S, Mithra P, Moghadaszadeh M, Mohammad KA, Mohammad Y, Mohammadi M, Mohammadi SM, Mohammadian-Hafshejani A, Mohammed S, Moka N, Mokdad AH, Molokhia M, Monasta L, Moni MA, Moosavi MA, Moradi Y, Moraga P, Morgado-da-Costa J, Morrison SD, Mosapour A, Mubarik S, Mwanri L, Nagarajan AJ, Nagaraju SP, Nagata C, Naimzada MD, Nangia V, Naqvi AA, Narasimha Swamy S, Ndejjo R, Nduaguba SO, Negoi I, Negru SM, Neupane Kandel S, Nguyen CT, Nguyen HLT, Niazi RK, Nnaji CA, Noor NM, Nuñez-Samudio V, Nzoputam CI, Oancea B, Ochir C, Odukoya OO, Ogbo FA, Olagunju AT, Olakunde BO, Omar E, Omar Bali A, Omonisi AEE, Ong S, Onwujekwe OE, Orru H, Ortega-Altamirano DV, Otstavnov N, Otstavnov SS, Owolabi MO, P A M, Padubidri JR, Pakshir K, Pana A, Panagiotakos D, Panda-Jonas S, Pardhan S, Park EC, Park EK, Pashazadeh Kan F, Patel HK, Patel JR, Pati S, Pattanshetty SM, Paudel U, Pereira DM, Pereira RB, Perianayagam A, Pillay JD, Pirouzpanah S, Pishgar F, Podder I, Postma MJ, Pourjafar H, Prashant A, Preotescu L, Rabiee M, Rabiee N, Radfar A, Radhakrishnan RA, Radhakrishnan V, Rafiee A, Rahim F, Rahimzadeh S, Rahman M, Rahman MA, Rahmani AM, Rajai N, Rajesh A, Rakovac I, Ram P, Ramezanzadeh K, Ranabhat K, Ranasinghe P, Rao CR, Rao SJ, Rawassizadeh R, Razeghinia MS, Renzaho AMN, Rezaei N, Rezaei N, Rezapour A, Roberts TJ, Rodriguez JAB, Rohloff P, Romoli M, Ronfani L, Roshandel G, Rwegerera GM, S M, Sabour S, Saddik B, Saeed U, Sahebkar A, Sahoo H, Salehi S, Salem MR, Salimzadeh H, Samaei M, Samy AM, Sanabria J, Sankararaman S, Santric-Milicevic MM, Sardiwalla Y, Sarveazad A, Sathian B, Sawhney M, Saylan M, Schneider IJC, Sekerija M, Seylani A, Shafaat O, Shaghaghi Z, Shaikh MA, Shamsoddin E, Shannawaz M, Sharma R, Sheikh A, Sheikhbahaei S, Shetty A, Shetty JK, Shetty PH, Shibuya K, Shirkoohi R, Shivakumar KM, Shivarov V, Siabani S, Siddappa Malleshappa SK, Silva DAS, Singh JA, Sintayehu Y, Skryabin VY, Skryabina AA, Soeberg MJ, Sofi-Mahmudi A, Sotoudeh H, Steiropoulos P, Straif K, Subedi R, Sufiyan MB, Sultan I, Sultana S, Sur D, Szerencsés V, Szócska M, Tabarés-Seisdedos R, Tabuchi T, Tadbiri H, Taherkhani A, Takahashi K, Talaat IM, Tan KK, Tat VY, Tedla BAA, Tefera YG, Tehrani-Banihashemi A, Temsah MH, Tesfay FH, Tessema GA, Thapar R, Thavamani A, Thoguluva Chandrasekar V, Thomas N, Tohidinik HR, Touvier M, Tovani-Palone MR, Traini E, Tran BX, Tran KB, Tran MTN, Tripathy JP, Tusa BS, Ullah I, Ullah S, Umapathi KK, Unnikrishnan B, Upadhyay E, Vacante M, Vaezi M, Valadan Tahbaz S, Velazquez DZ, Veroux M, Violante FS, Vlassov V, Vo B, Volovici V, Vu GT, Waheed Y, Wamai RG, Ward P, Wen YF, Westerman R, Winkler AS, Yadav L, Yahyazadeh Jabbari SH, Yang L, Yaya S, Yazie TSY, Yeshaw Y, Yonemoto N, Younis MZ, Yousefi Z, Yu C, Yuce D, Yunusa I, Zadnik V, Zare F, Zastrozhin MS, Zastrozhina A, Zhang J, Zhong C, Zhou L, Zhu C, Ziapour A, Zimmermann IR, Fitzmaurice C, Murray CJL, and Force LM
Subjects: Disability-Adjusted Life Years, Global Health, Humans, Incidence, Prevalence, Quality-Adjusted Life Years, Risk Factors, Global Burden of Disease, Neoplasms epidemiology
Abstract: Importance: The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019 (GBD 2019) provided systematic estimates of incidence, morbidity, and mortality to inform local and international efforts toward reducing cancer burden., Objective: To estimate cancer burden and trends globally for 204 countries and territories and by Sociodemographic Index (SDI) quintiles from 2010 to 2019., Evidence Review: The GBD 2019 estimation methods were used to describe cancer incidence, mortality, years lived with disability, years of life lost, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) in 2019 and over the past decade. Estimates are also provided by quintiles of the SDI, a composite measure of educational attainment, income per capita, and total fertility rate for those younger than 25 years. Estimates include 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs)., Findings: In 2019, there were an estimated 23.6 million (95% UI, 22.2-24.9 million) new cancer cases (17.2 million when excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer) and 10.0 million (95% UI, 9.36-10.6 million) cancer deaths globally, with an estimated 250 million (235-264 million) DALYs due to cancer. Since 2010, these represented a 26.3% (95% UI, 20.3%-32.3%) increase in new cases, a 20.9% (95% UI, 14.2%-27.6%) increase in deaths, and a 16.0% (95% UI, 9.3%-22.8%) increase in DALYs. Among 22 groups of diseases and injuries in the GBD 2019 study, cancer was second only to cardiovascular diseases for the number of deaths, years of life lost, and DALYs globally in 2019. Cancer burden differed across SDI quintiles. The proportion of years lived with disability that contributed to DALYs increased with SDI, ranging from 1.4% (1.1%-1.8%) in the low SDI quintile to 5.7% (4.2%-7.1%) in the high SDI quintile. While the high SDI quintile had the highest number of new cases in 2019, the middle SDI quintile had the highest number of cancer deaths and DALYs. From 2010 to 2019, the largest percentage increase in the numbers of cases and deaths occurred in the low and low-middle SDI quintiles., Conclusions and Relevance: The results of this systematic analysis suggest that the global burden of cancer is substantial and growing, with burden differing by SDI. These results provide comprehensive and comparable estimates that can potentially inform efforts toward equitable cancer control around the world.
Published: 2022
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27. Global, Regional, and National Cancer Incidence, Mortality, Years of Life Lost, Years Lived With Disability, and Disability-Adjusted Life-Years for 29 Cancer Groups, 1990 to 2017: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study.

Author: Fitzmaurice C, Abate D, Abbasi N, Abbastabar H, Abd-Allah F, Abdel-Rahman O, Abdelalim A, Abdoli A, Abdollahpour I, Abdulle ASM, Abebe ND, Abraha HN, Abu-Raddad LJ, Abualhasan A, Adedeji IA, Advani SM, Afarideh M, Afshari M, Aghaali M, Agius D, Agrawal S, Ahmadi A, Ahmadian E, Ahmadpour E, Ahmed MB, Akbari ME, Akinyemiju T, Al-Aly Z, AlAbdulKader AM, Alahdab F, Alam T, Alamene GM, Alemnew BTT, Alene KA, Alinia C, Alipour V, Aljunid SM, Bakeshei FA, Almadi MAH, Almasi-Hashiani A, Alsharif U, Alsowaidi S, Alvis-Guzman N, Amini E, Amini S, Amoako YA, Anbari Z, Anber NH, Andrei CL, Anjomshoa M, Ansari F, Ansariadi A, Appiah SCY, Arab-Zozani M, Arabloo J, Arefi Z, Aremu O, Areri HA, Artaman A, Asayesh H, Asfaw ET, Ashagre AF, Assadi R, Ataeinia B, Atalay HT, Ataro Z, Atique S, Ausloos M, Avila-Burgos L, Avokpaho EFGA, Awasthi A, Awoke N, Ayala Quintanilla BP, Ayanore MA, Ayele HT, Babaee E, Bacha U, Badawi A, Bagherzadeh M, Bagli E, Balakrishnan S, Balouchi A, Bärnighausen TW, Battista RJ, Behzadifar M, Behzadifar M, Bekele BB, Belay YB, Belayneh YM, Berfield KKS, Berhane A, Bernabe E, Beuran M, Bhakta N, Bhattacharyya K, Biadgo B, Bijani A, Bin Sayeed MS, Birungi C, Bisignano C, Bitew H, Bjørge T, Bleyer A, Bogale KA, Bojia HA, Borzì AM, Bosetti C, Bou-Orm IR, Brenner H, Brewer JD, Briko AN, Briko NI, Bustamante-Teixeira MT, Butt ZA, Carreras G, Carrero JJ, Carvalho F, Castro C, Castro F, Catalá-López F, Cerin E, Chaiah Y, Chanie WF, Chattu VK, Chaturvedi P, Chauhan NS, Chehrazi M, Chiang PP, Chichiabellu TY, Chido-Amajuoyi OG, Chimed-Ochir O, Choi JJ, Christopher DJ, Chu DT, Constantin MM, Costa VM, Crocetti E, Crowe CS, Curado MP, Dahlawi SMA, Damiani G, Darwish AH, Daryani A, das Neves J, Demeke FM, Demis AB, Demissie BW, Demoz GT, Denova-Gutiérrez E, Derakhshani A, Deribe KS, Desai R, Desalegn BB, Desta M, Dey S, Dharmaratne SD, Dhimal M, Diaz D, Dinberu MTT, Djalalinia S, Doku DT, Drake TM, Dubey M, Dubljanin E, Duken EE, Ebrahimi H, Effiong A, Eftekhari A, El Sayed I, Zaki MES, El-Jaafary SI, El-Khatib Z, Elemineh DA, Elkout H, Ellenbogen RG, Elsharkawy A, Emamian MH, Endalew DA, Endries AY, Eshrati B, Fadhil I, Fallah Omrani V, Faramarzi M, Farhangi MA, Farioli A, Farzadfar F, Fentahun N, Fernandes E, Feyissa GT, Filip I, Fischer F, Fisher JL, Force LM, Foroutan M, Freitas M, Fukumoto T, Futran ND, Gallus S, Gankpe FG, Gayesa RT, Gebrehiwot TT, Gebremeskel GG, Gedefaw GA, Gelaw BK, Geta B, Getachew S, Gezae KE, Ghafourifard M, Ghajar A, Ghashghaee A, Gholamian A, Gill PS, Ginindza TTG, Girmay A, Gizaw M, Gomez RS, Gopalani SV, Gorini G, Goulart BNG, Grada A, Ribeiro Guerra M, Guimaraes ALS, Gupta PC, Gupta R, Hadkhale K, Haj-Mirzaian A, Haj-Mirzaian A, Hamadeh RR, Hamidi S, Hanfore LK, Haro JM, Hasankhani M, Hasanzadeh A, Hassen HY, Hay RJ, Hay SI, Henok A, Henry NJ, Herteliu C, Hidru HD, Hoang CL, Hole MK, Hoogar P, Horita N, Hosgood HD, Hosseini M, Hosseinzadeh M, Hostiuc M, Hostiuc S, Househ M, Hussen MM, Ileanu B, Ilic MD, Innos K, Irvani SSN, Iseh KR, Islam SMS, Islami F, Jafari Balalami N, Jafarinia M, Jahangiry L, Jahani MA, Jahanmehr N, Jakovljevic M, James SL, Javanbakht M, Jayaraman S, Jee SH, Jenabi E, Jha RP, Jonas JB, Jonnagaddala J, Joo T, Jungari SB, Jürisson M, Kabir A, Kamangar F, Karch A, Karimi N, Karimian A, Kasaeian A, Kasahun GG, Kassa B, Kassa TD, Kassaw MW, Kaul A, Keiyoro PN, Kelbore AG, Kerbo AA, Khader YS, Khalilarjmandi M, Khan EA, Khan G, Khang YH, Khatab K, Khater A, Khayamzadeh M, Khazaee-Pool M, Khazaei S, Khoja AT, Khosravi MH, Khubchandani J, Kianipour N, Kim D, Kim YJ, Kisa A, Kisa S, Kissimova-Skarbek K, Komaki H, Koyanagi A, Krohn KJ, Bicer BK, Kugbey N, Kumar V, Kuupiel D, La Vecchia C, Lad DP, Lake EA, Lakew AM, Lal DK, Lami FH, Lan Q, Lasrado S, Lauriola P, Lazarus JV, Leigh J, Leshargie CT, Liao Y, Limenih MA, Listl S, Lopez AD, Lopukhov PD, Lunevicius R, Madadin M, Magdeldin S, El Razek HMA, Majeed A, Maleki A, Malekzadeh R, Manafi A, Manafi N, Manamo WA, Mansourian M, Mansournia MA, Mantovani LG, Maroufizadeh S, Martini SMS, Mashamba-Thompson TP, Massenburg BB, Maswabi MT, Mathur MR, McAlinden C, McKee M, Meheretu HAA, Mehrotra R, Mehta V, Meier T, Melaku YA, Meles GG, Meles HG, Melese A, Melku M, Memiah PTN, Mendoza W, Menezes RG, Merat S, Meretoja TJ, Mestrovic T, Miazgowski B, Miazgowski T, Mihretie KMM, Miller TR, Mills EJ, Mir SM, Mirzaei H, Mirzaei HR, Mishra R, Moazen B, Mohammad DK, Mohammad KA, Mohammad Y, Darwesh AM, Mohammadbeigi A, Mohammadi H, Mohammadi M, Mohammadian M, Mohammadian-Hafshejani A, Mohammadoo-Khorasani M, Mohammadpourhodki R, Mohammed AS, Mohammed JA, Mohammed S, Mohebi F, Mokdad AH, Monasta L, Moodley Y, Moosazadeh M, Moossavi M, Moradi G, Moradi-Joo M, Moradi-Lakeh M, Moradpour F, Morawska L, Morgado-da-Costa J, Morisaki N, Morrison SD, Mosapour A, Mousavi SM, Muche AA, Muhammed OSS, Musa J, Nabhan AF, Naderi M, Nagarajan AJ, Nagel G, Nahvijou A, Naik G, Najafi F, Naldi L, Nam HS, Nasiri N, Nazari J, Negoi I, Neupane S, Newcomb PA, Nggada HA, Ngunjiri JW, Nguyen CT, Nikniaz L, Ningrum DNA, Nirayo YL, Nixon MR, Nnaji CA, Nojomi M, Nosratnejad S, Shiadeh MN, Obsa MS, Ofori-Asenso R, Ogbo FA, Oh IH, Olagunju AT, Olagunju TO, Oluwasanu MM, Omonisi AE, Onwujekwe OE, Oommen AM, Oren E, Ortega-Altamirano DDV, Ota E, Otstavnov SS, Owolabi MO, P A M, Padubidri JR, Pakhale S, Pakpour AH, Pana A, Park EK, Parsian H, Pashaei T, Patel S, Patil ST, Pennini A, Pereira DM, Piccinelli C, Pillay JD, Pirestani M, Pishgar F, Postma MJ, Pourjafar H, Pourmalek F, Pourshams A, Prakash S, Prasad N, Qorbani M, Rabiee M, Rabiee N, Radfar A, Rafiei A, Rahim F, Rahimi M, Rahman MA, Rajati F, Rana SM, Raoofi S, Rath GK, Rawaf DL, Rawaf S, Reiner RC, Renzaho AMN, Rezaei N, Rezapour A, Ribeiro AI, Ribeiro D, Ronfani L, Roro EM, Roshandel G, Rostami A, Saad RS, Sabbagh P, Sabour S, Saddik B, Safiri S, Sahebkar A, Salahshoor MR, Salehi F, Salem H, Salem MR, Salimzadeh H, Salomon JA, Samy AM, Sanabria J, Santric Milicevic MM, Sartorius B, Sarveazad A, Sathian B, Satpathy M, Savic M, Sawhney M, Sayyah M, Schneider IJC, Schöttker B, Sekerija M, Sepanlou SG, Sepehrimanesh M, Seyedmousavi S, Shaahmadi F, Shabaninejad H, Shahbaz M, Shaikh MA, Shamshirian A, Shamsizadeh M, Sharafi H, Sharafi Z, Sharif M, Sharifi A, Sharifi H, Sharma R, Sheikh A, Shirkoohi R, Shukla SR, Si S, Siabani S, Silva DAS, Silveira DGA, Singh A, Singh JA, Sisay S, Sitas F, Sobngwi E, Soofi M, Soriano JB, Stathopoulou V, Sufiyan MB, Tabarés-Seisdedos R, Tabuchi T, Takahashi K, Tamtaji OR, Tarawneh MR, Tassew SG, Taymoori P, Tehrani-Banihashemi A, Temsah MH, Temsah O, Tesfay BE, Tesfay FH, Teshale MY, Tessema GA, Thapa S, Tlaye KG, Topor-Madry R, Tovani-Palone MR, Traini E, Tran BX, Tran KB, Tsadik AG, Ullah I, Uthman OA, Vacante M, Vaezi M, Varona Pérez P, Veisani Y, Vidale S, Violante FS, Vlassov V, Vollset SE, Vos T, Vosoughi K, Vu GT, Vujcic IS, Wabinga H, Wachamo TM, Wagnew FS, Waheed Y, Weldegebreal F, Weldesamuel GT, Wijeratne T, Wondafrash DZ, Wonde TE, Wondmieneh AB, Workie HM, Yadav R, Yadegar A, Yadollahpour A, Yaseri M, Yazdi-Feyzabadi V, Yeshaneh A, Yimam MA, Yimer EM, Yisma E, Yonemoto N, Younis MZ, Yousefi B, Yousefifard M, Yu C, Zabeh E, Zadnik V, Moghadam TZ, Zaidi Z, Zamani M, Zandian H, Zangeneh A, Zaki L, Zendehdel K, Zenebe ZM, Zewale TA, Ziapour A, Zodpey S, and Murray CJL
Subjects: Disabled Persons, Global Burden of Disease, Global Health, Humans, Incidence, Quality-Adjusted Life Years, Neoplasms epidemiology
Abstract: Importance: Cancer and other noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are now widely recognized as a threat to global development. The latest United Nations high-level meeting on NCDs reaffirmed this observation and also highlighted the slow progress in meeting the 2011 Political Declaration on the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases and the third Sustainable Development Goal. Lack of situational analyses, priority setting, and budgeting have been identified as major obstacles in achieving these goals. All of these have in common that they require information on the local cancer epidemiology. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study is uniquely poised to provide these crucial data., Objective: To describe cancer burden for 29 cancer groups in 195 countries from 1990 through 2017 to provide data needed for cancer control planning., Evidence Review: We used the GBD study estimation methods to describe cancer incidence, mortality, years lived with disability, years of life lost, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs). Results are presented at the national level as well as by Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator of income, educational attainment, and total fertility rate. We also analyzed the influence of the epidemiological vs the demographic transition on cancer incidence., Findings: In 2017, there were 24.5 million incident cancer cases worldwide (16.8 million without nonmelanoma skin cancer [NMSC]) and 9.6 million cancer deaths. The majority of cancer DALYs came from years of life lost (97%), and only 3% came from years lived with disability. The odds of developing cancer were the lowest in the low SDI quintile (1 in 7) and the highest in the high SDI quintile (1 in 2) for both sexes. In 2017, the most common incident cancers in men were NMSC (4.3 million incident cases); tracheal, bronchus, and lung (TBL) cancer (1.5 million incident cases); and prostate cancer (1.3 million incident cases). The most common causes of cancer deaths and DALYs for men were TBL cancer (1.3 million deaths and 28.4 million DALYs), liver cancer (572 000 deaths and 15.2 million DALYs), and stomach cancer (542 000 deaths and 12.2 million DALYs). For women in 2017, the most common incident cancers were NMSC (3.3 million incident cases), breast cancer (1.9 million incident cases), and colorectal cancer (819 000 incident cases). The leading causes of cancer deaths and DALYs for women were breast cancer (601 000 deaths and 17.4 million DALYs), TBL cancer (596 000 deaths and 12.6 million DALYs), and colorectal cancer (414 000 deaths and 8.3 million DALYs)., Conclusions and Relevance: The national epidemiological profiles of cancer burden in the GBD study show large heterogeneities, which are a reflection of different exposures to risk factors, economic settings, lifestyles, and access to care and screening. The GBD study can be used by policy makers and other stakeholders to develop and improve national and local cancer control in order to achieve the global targets and improve equity in cancer care.
Published: 2019
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27 results on '"Pennini, Alyssa"'

1. The global burden of adolescent and young adult cancer in 2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

2. The global burden of adolescent and young adult cancer in 2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

3. The global, regional, and national burden of pancreatic cancer and its attributable risk factors in 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

4. The global burden of childhood and adolescent cancer in 2017: an analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

5. National burden of cancer in Italy, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2017

6. The Global, Regional, and National Burden of Adult Lip, Oral, and Pharyngeal Cancer in 204 Countries and Territories: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.

7. Cancer Incidence, Mortality, Years of Life Lost, Years Lived With Disability, and Disability-Adjusted Life Years for 29 Cancer Groups From 2010 to 2019 : A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

8. The global burden of adolescent and young adult cancer in 2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

9. Cancer Incidence, Mortality, Years of Life Lost, Years Lived With Disability, and Disability-Adjusted Life Years for 29 Cancer Groups From 2010 to 2019 A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

10. A systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2019

11. The global burden of 29 cancer groups from 2010 to 2019: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease study 2019.

12. Global burden of 87 risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

13. Global burden of 87 risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

14. Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

15. Measuring universal health coverage based on an index of effective coverage of health services in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019:a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

16. Measuring universal health coverage based on an index of effective coverage of health services in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

17. Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019:a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

18. Global burden of 87 risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

19. Measuring universal health coverage based on an index of effective coverage of health services in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

20. Global burden of 87 risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

21. Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

22. Global, regional, and national cancer incidence, mortality, years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-adjusted life-years for 29 cancer groups, 1990 to 2017

23. The global burden of childhood and adolescent cancer in 2017: an analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 (vol 20, pg 1211, 2019)

24. Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

25. Measuring universal health coverage based on an index of effective coverage of health services in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

26. Cancer Incidence, Mortality, Years of Life Lost, Years Lived With Disability, and Disability-Adjusted Life Years for 29 Cancer Groups From 2010 to 2019: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.

27. Global, Regional, and National Cancer Incidence, Mortality, Years of Life Lost, Years Lived With Disability, and Disability-Adjusted Life-Years for 29 Cancer Groups, 1990 to 2017: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study.

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27 results on '"Pennini, Alyssa"'

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