Search

The aim of this study was to evaluate how the inclusion of a blend of essential oils in milk replacer (MR) affects different outcomes of dairy heifers. The outcomes evaluated: feed intake, performance, body development, blood cells and metabolites, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), rumen fermentation, fecal scores, and respiratory scores. All outcomes were evaluated during pre-weaning (4?60 d of age), and carry-over effects during post-weaning (61?90 d of age) periods. The experimental units utilized were 29 newborn Holstein × Gyr crossbred dairy heifers, with genetic composition of 5/8 or more Holstein and 3/8 or less Gyr and body weight (BW) at birth of 32.2 ± 5.2 kg. Experimental units were assigned to either a control (CON, n = 15) or a blend of essential oil supplementation (BEO, n = 14) treatment, maintaining a balance of genetic composition. The BEO was supplemented in the MR with 1 g/d/calf of a blend of essential oils (Apex Calf, Adisseo, China) composed by plant extracts derived from anise, cinnamon, garlic, rosemary, and thyme. During the pre-weaning phase, all heifers were fed 5 L of MR/d reconstituted to 15% (dry matter basis), divided into two equal meals. Water and starter were provided ad libitum. During the post-weaning, animals received a maximum of 3 kg of starter/d, and ad libitum corn silage, divided into two meals. Feed intake, fecal and respiratory scores were evaluated daily. The BW was measured every three days, while body development was recorded weekly. Blood samples were collected on 0, 30, and 60 d of age for total blood cell count, weekly and on the weaning day to determinate ß-hydroxybutyrate, urea and glucose, and biweekly for IGF-1. Ruminal parameters (pH, volatile fatty acids, ammonia-N, and acetate:propionate proportion?C2:C3) were measured on days 14, 28, 42, 60, 74 and 90. A randomized complete block design with an interaction between treatment and week was the experimental method of choice to test the hypothesis of the BEO?s effect on all outcomes. An ANOVA procedure was used for continuous outcomes, and a non-parametric test was used for the ordered categorical outcomes, both adopting a CI = 95%. Results indicated that there was not enough evidence to accept the alternative hypothesis of the effect of BEO in MR on feed intake, performance, body development, and blood metabolites during both pre-weaning and post-weaning periods. However, results indicated that the inclusion of BEO in MR significantly affects the proportion of C2:C3 during pre- and post-weaning (P = 0.05). Similarly, the effect was significant for basophil (P menor igual 0.001), and platelet (P = 0.04) counts pre-weaning. The interaction between week and treatment was also significant for lymphocytes (P menor igual 0.001), revealing a cumulative effect. Lastly, fecal scores were also significant (P = 0.04) during pre-weaning, with lower values for BEO. The BEO contributed to ruminal manipulation in pre-weaning and carry-over effects in post-weaning, immunity improvement, and decreased morbidity of neonatal diarrhea in the pre-weaning phase. Made available in DSpace on 2021-08-21T02:09:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Effects-blend.pdf: 937173 bytes, checksum: f938678db848f27d30d12b82699db2aa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021

In livestock operations, systematically monitoring animal body weight, bio-metric body measurements, animal behavior, feed bunk, and other difficult-to-measure phenotypes is manually unfeasible due to labor, costs, and animal stress. Applications of computer vision are growing in importance in livestock systems due to their ability to generate real-time, non-invasive, and accurate animal-level information. However, the development of a computer vision system requires sophisticated statistical and computational approaches for efficient data management and appropriate data mining, as it involves mas-sive datasets. This article aims to provide an overview of how deep learning has been implemented in computer vision systems used in livestock, and how such implementation can be an effective tool to predict animal phe-notypes and to accelerate the development of predictive modeling for precise management decisions. First, we reviewed the most recent milestones achieved with computer vision systems and its respective deep learning algorithms implemented in Animal Science studies. Second, we reviewed the published research studies in Animal Science, which used deep learning algorithms as the primary analytical strategy for image classification, object detection, object segmentation, and feature extraction. The great number of reviewed articles published in the last few years demonstrates the high interest and rapid development of deep learning algorithms in computer vision systems across livestock species. Deep learning algorithms for computer vision systems, such as Mask R-CNN, Faster R-CNN, YOLO (v3 and v4), DeepLab v3, U-Net and others have been used in Animal Science research studies. Additionally, network architectures such as ResNet, Inception, Xception, and VGG16 have been implemented in several studies across livestock species. The great performance of these deep learning algorithms suggests an33improved predictive ability in livestock applications and a faster inference.34However, only a few articles fully described the deep learning algorithms and its implementation. Thus, information regarding hyperparameter tuning, pre-trained weights, deep learning backbone, and hierarchical data structure were missed. We summarized peer-reviewed articles by computer vision tasks38(image classification, object detection, and object segmentation), deep learn-39ing algorithms, species, and phenotypes including animal identification and behavior, feed intake, animal body weight, and many others. Understanding the principles of computer vision and the algorithms used for each application is crucial to develop efficient systems in livestock operations. Such development will potentially have a major impact on the livestock industry by predicting real-time and accurate phenotypes, which could be used in the future to improve farm management decisions, breeding programs through high-throughput phenotyping, and optimized data-driven interventions. Made available in DSpace on 2021-10-13T12:00:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Review-deep.pdf: 6156489 bytes, checksum: 76f95af029f7e1aebe6eece816b62324 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021

The aim of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition, digestibility, gas production kinetics and in vitro methane (CH4) production of Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu under two stocking methods over three consecutive stocking cycles. The stocking methods were (1) a fixed-time stocking cycle of 33 days (33-SC) with a 30-day rest period and a 3-day grazing period, and (2) a variable stocking cycle, with the end of the rest period when the canopy intercepted 95% of the light and a 3-day grazing period (95-LI). The average rest period was 24.5-day (standard deviation of 5.2-day) for 95-LI. The in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) was higher (p < .01) for 95-LI (646 g/kg) relative to 33-SC (628 g/kg). Crude protein concentration was higher (p < .01) for 95-LI (154 g/kg) relative to 33-SC (136 g/kg). The ADF (303 g/kg DM) and aNDF (623 g/kg) were higher (p < .01) for 33-SC compared to 95-LI (287 and 605 g/kg respectively). The gas production potential from non-fibrous carbohydrates was 9.4% higher for 33-SC. The in vitro CH4 production per unit of degraded dry matter (DDM) was higher (p < .01) for 33-SC (19.9 CH4 ml/g), compared to 95-LI (17.9 CH4 ml/g). The 33-SC management resulted in rest periods that were too long for the time needed for optimal regrowth. The variable SC based on the 95-LI was more favourable, because it resulted in maximum yield of dry matter with improved forage nutritive value, while decreasing CH4 yield. Made available in DSpace on 2021-09-24T12:00:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Nutritive-value-in-vitro.pdf: 685130 bytes, checksum: c7339a38b9d8ea774945c3306e5b3ed5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021

Cattle are animals that stay in the herd for a large period of the day in the open air pasture. This daily routine leaves them exposed and susceptible to infectious diseases. One of them is the Bovine Parasitic Sadness which is considered one of the greatest cattle health problems due its high rate of mortality and morbidity. In this work preliminary results are presented from calf inoculated with anaplasmosis. Blood samples were collected and analyzed through Fourier Transform Near Infrared spectroscopy (FT-NIR). The animal was monitored for 60 days until its recovery. This exploratory work shows the potentiality of the FT-NIR in the detection, follow-up and recovery of the anaplasmosis. The possibility of prevention of this disease in the herd via a fast optical analysis may bring a great breakthrough in disease control in dairy and beef cattle. Made available in DSpace on 2021-09-24T02:11:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Use-near-infrared.pdf: 833717 bytes, checksum: fa8ec1943d91a6de82530ec1ae36f54c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021

Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.) is an important crop for rainfed production systems and can play a significant role as a feed source for ruminants owing to its high yield and drought tolerance. It is well-established that the maturity stage can influence the chemical composition as well as the nutritional value of crops traditionally used for silage production, although quantitative evidence that this occurs with pearl millet under rainfed conditions is lacking. The current research assessed the agronomic characteristics, ensilability, intake and digestibility of a Brazilian pearl millet cultivar (IPA BULK1-BF) harvested at four different growth stages. Forage was harvested at 35, 50, 65 and 80 days after sowing and ensiled under laboratory and farm conditions. Apparent digestibility of the silages was determined using 24 male lambs. The results showed that dry matter (DM) and panicle and stem proportions increased with the advancement maturity. The silage evaluations showed that DM, total and non-fibrous carbohydrates and lignin concentrations increased, while crude protein, ADF and in vitro DM digestibility decreased with the increase in plant maturity. Additionally, the fermentation characteristics were improved with the increasing maturity. The digestion study showed that intake of DM and N as well as digestibility of DM and fibre fractions decreased, while lignin intake increased. The results obtained for the production of dry and digestible DM, the ratio of plant fractions and fermentation parameters indicate the possibility of harvesting pearl millet forage after 50 days after sowing for silage production in the Brazilian semi-arid region. Made available in DSpace on 2021-01-20T09:03:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dantas.-Performance-agronomic-traits-ensilability.pdf: 242348 bytes, checksum: 5697d8ff7b2606de10394c7bab016f57 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020

The objectives of this study were: 1) to classify animals into groups of high and low feed efficiency using two feed efficiency indexes (Residual feed intake (RFI) and residual feed intake and body weight gain (RIG)), and 2) to evaluate if pre-weaning heifer calves divergent for feed efficiency indexes exhibit differences in performance, body measurements, digestibility, energy partitioning, and nitrogen partitioning. A total of 32 Gyr heifer calves were enrolled in a 63-d trial and classified into two feed efficiency (FE) groups based on RFI and RIG (mean ± 0.5 SD). The groups were classified as high efficiency (HE) RFI (HE RFI, n = 9; HE RIG, n = 10), and low efficiency (LE) RFI (LE RFI, n = 10; LE RIG, n = 11). The remaining animals were classified as intermediate (n = 13 (RFI) and n = 11 (RIG)). HE and LE calves had RFI values of?0.052 and 0.049 kg/d (P < 0.05), respectively. The HE RFI group consumed 8.9% less solid diet than the LE RFI group. HE RFI animals exhibited an increased digestibility of crude protein and ether extract and tended to have greater total dry and organic matter digestibility. LE RFI animals had greater gross energy and nitrogen intake, though greater fecal losses resulted in a tendency to reduce energy and nitrogen use efficiency. HE and LE calves had RIG values of 0.080 and -0.077kg/d (P ? 0.01), respectively. HE RIG animals exhibited greater average daily gain (9.4%), body weight (BW), and heart girth, though HE RIG group exhibited narrower hip width. HE RIG animals tended to have greater ether extract digestibility but greater methane losses (% of gross energy). HE RFI in pre-weaning heifers seems to be related to differences in digestibility. Divergent animals for RIG during the assessed phase appear to differ in body measurements, which may be related to differences in the composition of the gain. Made available in DSpace on 2020-01-13T18:15:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ArtigoPlosOneSamariniRelationship.pdf: 1512277 bytes, checksum: 1a93b88921d623ad143f3b5f3c06ef7d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019

Made available in DSpace on 2019-12-30T18:09:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 fvets0600295.pdf: 696838 bytes, checksum: f0476dd0d4abf4e1d3001177db2cb401 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019

new genotype of spineless cactus is being used in the diets of dairy cattle that are raised in semi-arid regions. However, little is known about its nutritional value. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of replacing Miúda (Nopalea cochenillifera Salm Dyck) with Orelha de Elefante Mexicana (Opuntia stricta [Haw.] Haw.) spineless cactus, on nutrient intake and digestibility, milk yield and composition, feeding behaviour, microbial protein synthesis, nitrogen balance, and ruminal and blood parameters of dairy cows. Ten Girolando cows, 500 ± 51.6 kg bodyweight, were distributed in a double Latin square design 5 x 5. The treatments consisted of replacement levels of Miúda (MIU) by Orelha de Elefante Mexicana (OEM) at 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100%. The intake and digestibility of dry matter (DM) (14.38–12.95 kg d-1, 716.3–658.9 g d-1), organic matter (OM) (13.01–11.43 kg d-1, 747.8–704.8 g d-1), crude protein (CP) (2.02–1.61 kg d-1, 863.8–845.2 g d-1) and total digestible nutrients (TDN) (9.38–7.92 kg d-1) decreased linearly with the increase in replacement. Despite the decrease in intake and digestibility, the supply of nutrients was sufficient to maintain a milk yield of 12.5 kg d-1. The average daily weight gain decreased linearly with the increase in replacement, while protein microbial efficiency (g microbial CP kg-1 TDN intake; 91.24 to 127.44 g kg-1) increased linearly. Thus, OEM could replace 100% MIU in diets with 48% of spineless cactus, for crossbred lactating cows with 12.5 kg d-1 milk yield. Therefore, OEM is a viable new option for producing milk in smallholder livestock systems in semi-arid regions.Keywords: Alternative forage, milk yield, ruminal parameter, semi-arid, smallholder livestock system

Avaliou-se o efeito da inclusão da silagem da raiz de mandioca sobre os parâmetros ruminais e o balanço de compostos nitrogenados em bovinos de origem leiteira. Utilizou-se cinco animais, canulados no rúmen, não lactantes e com peso corporal médio de 389 kg. Os animais foram distribuídos em um quadrado latino cinco x cinco, sendo cinco dietas com níveis de inclusão (0,00; 3,62; 7,23; 10,84; e 14,54% da matéria seca da dieta) da silagem da raiz de mandioca e cinco períodos. Cada período constituiu-se em 10 dias de adaptação e cinco dias para a coleta dos dados. As excreções de nitrogênio na urina e nas fezes não foram influenciadas (P>0,05) pela inclusão da silagem da raiz de mandioca nas dietas. O consumo de nitrogênio total (CNT) e o balanço de nitrogênio (BN) apresentaram comportamento quadrático e linear crescente, respectivamente. Obteve-se o menor CNT (142,14 g/dia) no nível de inclusão de 5,82% de silagem da raiz de mandioca. As concentrações de ureia (U) e de nitrogênio ureico (NU) na urina e no plasma não modificaram (P>0,05). Observou-se comportamento quadrático (P0,05) entre os níveis da silagem da raiz de mandioca e o tempo de coleta do conteúdo ruminal para os ácidos graxos de cadeia curta, o pH e o nitrogênio amoniacal (N-NH3). Apenas o teor de N-NH3 apresentou comportamento quadrático, em função dos níveis de inclusão, obtendo-se o ponto mínimo (12,62 mg/100 mL de conteúdo ruminal) no nível de 5,98%. O nível de 7,23% de silagem da raiz de mandioca na dieta foi mais eficiente na utilização dos compostos nitrogenados. As dietas contribuem de forma semelhante para a produção dos ácidos graxos de cadeia curta, sem interferir no pH ruminal. Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-23T00:34:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rafael.2.2017.pdf: 791835 bytes, checksum: 236e811be33f6f98676c634e74732ad2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-01-22

Andropogon gayanus is an important grass due to its high biomass production, drought tolerance and favorable growth on low fertility acidic soils. Currently, there is little research on the impact of growth stage on the nutritional quality or the degree of CH4 production that may arise from this forage during ruminal fermentation. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of regrowth stage of A. gayanus on its chemical composition, in vitro production of gas and CH4, as well as in vitro dry matter (DM) digestibility when grown under tropical Brazilian conditions and conserved as hay or as silage. The nutritional value of A. gayanus grass declined with increasing maturity; however digestible DM yield linearly increased. After 112 d of regrowth, A. gayanus produced higher quality silage (higher lactate and lower pH and butyrate content) and higher DM yield. However, the low levels of crude protein at this time would make protein supplementation a necessity for proper rumen fermentation. No differences in CH4 kinetic parameters were found with advancing maturity or preservation method (hay or silage).

Following the extraction of oil for biodiesel production, oilseed press cakes are high in fat. As the dietary supplementation of fat is currently considered the most promising strategy of consistently depressing methanogenesis, it follows that oilseed press cakes may have a similar potential for CH4 abatement. As such, this study aimed to characterise the nutritive value of several oilseed press cakes, glycerine and soybean meal (SBM) and to examine their effects on in vitro ruminal fermentation, digestion kinetics and CH4 production. Moringa press oil seeds exhibited the greatest in sacco effective degradability (ED) of DM and CP (p

© 2015 Macmillan Publishers Limited. Ruminant livestock are important sources of human food and global greenhouse gas emissions. Feed degradation and methane formation by ruminants rely on metabolic interactions between rumen microbes and affect ruminant productivity. Rumen and camelid foregut microbial community composition was determined in 742 samples from 32 animal species and 35 countries, to estimate if this was influenced by diet, host species, or geography. Similar bacteria and archaea dominated in nearly all samples, while protozoal communities were more variable. The dominant bacteria are poorly characterised, but the methanogenic archaea are better known and highly conserved across the world. This universality and limited diversity could make it possible to mitigate methane emissions by developing strategies that target the few dominant methanogens. Differences in microbial community compositions were predominantly attributable to diet, with the host being less influential. There were few strong co-occurrence patterns between microbes, suggesting that major metabolic interactions are non-selective rather than specific., We thank Ron Ronimus, Paul Newton, and Christina Moon for reading and commenting on the manuscript. We thank all who provided assistance that allowed Global Rumen Census collaborators to supply samples and metadata (Supplemental Text 1). AgResearch was funded by the New Zealand Government as part of its support for the Global Research Alliance on Agricultural Greenhouse Gases. The following funding sources allowed Global Rumen Census collaborators to supply samples and metadata, listed with the primary contact(s) for each funding source: Agencia Nacional de Investigación e Innovación, Martín Fraga; Alberta Livestock and Meat Agency, Canada, Tim A. McAllister; Area de Ciencia y Técnica, Universidad Juan A Maza (Resolución Proy. N° 508/2012), Diego Javier Grilli; Canada British Columbia Ranching Task Force Funding Initiative, John Church; CNPq, Hilário Cuquetto Mantovani, Luiz Gustavo Ribeiro Pereira; FAPEMIG, Hilário Cuquetto Mantovani; FAPEMIG, PECUS RumenGases, Luiz Gustavo Ribeiro Pereira; Cooperative Research Program for Agriculture Science & Technology Development (project number PJ010906), Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea, Sang-Suk Lee; Dutch Dairy Board & Product Board Animal Feed, André Bannink, Kasper Dieho, Jan Dijkstra; Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Vahideh Heidarian Miri; Finnish Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Ilma Tapio; Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Argentina (Project PNBIO1431044), Silvio Cravero, María Cerón Cucchi; Irish Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Alexandre B. De Menezes; Meat & Livestock Australia; and Department of Agriculture, Fisheries & Forestry (Australian Government), Chris McSweeney; Ministerio de Agricultura y desarrollo sostenible (Colombia), Olga Lucía Mayorga; Montana Agricultural Experiment Station project (MONB00113), Carl Yeoman; Multistate project W-3177 Enhancing the competitiveness of US beef (MONB00195), Carl Yeoman; NSW Stud Merino Breeders’ Association, Alexandre Vieira Chaves; Queensland Enteric Methane Hub, Diane Ouwerkerk; RuminOmics, Jan Kopecny, Ilma Tapio; Rural and Environment Science and Analytical Services Division (RESAS) of the Scottish Government and the Technology Strategy Board, UK, R. John Wallace; Science Foundation Ireland (09/RFP/GEN2447), Sinead Waters; Secretaría de Agricultura, Ganadería, Desarrollo Rural, Pesca y Alimentación, Mario A. Cobos-Peralta; Slovenian Research Agency (project number J1-6732 and P4-0097), Blaz Stres; Strategic Priority Research Program, Climate Change: Carbon Budget and Relevant Issues (Grant No.XDA05020700), ZhiLiang Tan; The European Research Commission Starting Grant Fellowship (336355—MicroDE), Phil B. Pope; The Independent Danish Research Council (project number 4002-00036), Torsten Nygaard Kristensen; and The Independent Danish Research Council (Technology and Production, project number 11-105913), Jan Lassen. These funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

The objective of this study was to evaluate intake and apparent digestibility of agro-industrial by-product of peach palm in diets for lambs. Twenty castrated, crossbred Santa Ines lambs, with average age of 150 days and body weight of 22.4±3.4 kg, were distributed in a completely randomized design with four experimental diets composed of the following: fresh by-product of peach palm enriched with urea + ammonia sulfate (FU); fresh peach palm by-product + concentrate (FP); silage of peach palm by-product + concentrate (SP); and silage of peach palm by-product enriched with 15% of cornmeal + concentrate (SPC). Intake was recorded daily, and the digestibility coefficients were estimated with the internal marker indigestible acid detergent fiber (iADF). Diet FU resulted in the lowest intake and digestibility of the nutrients evaluated. Animals receiving diet FP showed higher intakes of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), total digestible nutrients (TDN), and digestible energy (DE) in relation to animals fed diets SP and SPC. Diets SP and SPC showed higher coefficients of digestibility of DM, OM, CP, and NDF than diet FP. Diet SP reduced the intakes of DM, OM, ether extract (EE), non-fibrous carbohydrate (NFC), TDN, and DE and the digestibility coefficients of DM, OM, and NFC as compared with diet SPC. Feedlot lambs fed a diet with fresh peach palm by-product + concentrate (diet FP) have higher nutrient intake.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-22T13:10:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cnpgl2015CadTecVetZootNutricao.pdf: 935580 bytes, checksum: 4059c77324be5825686b4710b0c744ef (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-19

RESUMO - Objetivou-se determinar a composição e a degradabilidade in situ da matéria seca, proteína bruta e fibra em detergente neutro dos fenos da mamona Paraguaçu (Ricinus communis), da mamona Nordestina (Ricinus communis), do pinhão manso (Jatropha curcas) e da maniçoba (Manihot pseudoglaziovii). Utilizaram-se três ovinos sem raça definida fistulados no rúmen. Em cada animal foram incubados 12 sacos nos períodos de 6; 12; 24; 48 e 96 horas, sendo três por feno de euforbiácea. O teor proteico variou entre 10,3% para o feno de pinhão manso e 19,6% para o feno da maniçoba. O valor de fibra em detergente neutro foi semelhante entre os fenos do pinhão manso e da maniçoba, enquanto os fenos das mamonas, apresentaram valores inferiores às anteriores e semelhantes entre si. O feno da mamona Paraguaçu obteve maior e mais rápida degradação da matéria seca, com valor de 85,5%, estagnado em 44 horas. Os fenos da maniçoba e do pinhão manso apresentaram degradação da proteína bruta semelhantes com valores final de 92,5% em 40 e 46 horas, respectivamente. O feno do pinhão manso obteve degradação da fibra em detergente neutro de 68,0% e foi superior aos fenos das outras euforbiáceas, porém, apresentou taxa de degradação mais lenta, estabilizada em 86 horas. Os fenos das mamonas foram superiores aos fenos das demais euforbiáceas em relação à composição bromatológica, aos coeficientes de degradação ruminal e a degradação potencial e efetiva dos nutrientes. ABSTRACT - In order to determine the composition and the in situ degradability of the dry matter, crude protein and neutral detergent fiber of hays of castor cv. Paraguaçu (Ricinus communis), castor cv. Nordestina (Ricinus communis), jatropha (Jatropha curcas) and maniçoba (Manihot pseudoglaziovii). Three rumen canulated undefined breed sheep were used. In each animal were incubated 12 bags for 6; 12; 24; 48 and 96 hour, being three bags by hay of euphorbiaceae. The content of protein ranged between 10.3% for the hay of jatropha and 19.6% for the hay of maniçoba. The neutral detergent fiber value was similar between the hay of jatropha and the hay of maniçoba, while the hays of castors presented lower concentrations between themselves. The castor Paraguaçu hay presented superior and faster dry matter degradation, with value of 85.5% stagnated at 44 hour. The hay of maniçoba and the hay of jatropha showed similar degradability of crude protein with final valor of 92.5% degraded at 40 and 46 hour, respectively. The jatropha hay presented neutral detergent fiber degradation of 68.0% and was superior to other euphorbiaceous hay, but, showed slower degradation rate, stagnated at 86 hour. The hays of castors were superior to the other hays of euphorbiaceous for chemical composition, the coefficients of ruminal degradation and the potential and effective degradation of nutrients. Made available in DSpace on 2022-09-05T18:27:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cinetica-de-degradacao-de-fracoes-nutricionais-de-euforbiaceas.pdf: 66536 bytes, checksum: 729ee7cdfb2a4f6347009158a307525b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012

RESUMO - Objetivou-se avaliar com este trabalho a utilização da ervasal (Atriplex nummularia) irrigada com o resíduo da dessalinização, como alternativa alimentar em dietas para engorda de frangos Caipira Francês. Aos 28 dias de idade, foram selecionados, de forma individual e por peso, 120 frangos (60 machos e 60 fêmeas) que foram distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro tratamentos, cinco repetições e seis aves por unidade experimental. As dietas experimentais foram isonutritivas e formuladas à base de feno da parte aérea da mandioca (FM), feno de Atriplex (FA), milho em grão moído e farelo de soja. Foram utilizados quatro tratamentos: 0%; 35%; 65%; e 100% de substituição do FM pelo FA na ração base. Não houve diferença significativa para o consumo de matéria seca, consumo de proteína bruta e consumo de energia bruta em relação à substituição do FM pelo FA que apresentaram médias de 133,9g/ave/dia, 19,8g/ave/dia e 543,3Kcal/ave/dia, respectivamente. A conversão alimentar das dietas testadas obteve comportamento linear crescente. Com substituição de 17,7% do FM pelo FA podem se obter ganhos máximos de 432,4g e 14,4g/dia, respectivamente para ganho médio total e diário. A substituição do FM pelo FA em intervalo de 46,4 a 50% apresentou melhores resultados para peso de carcaça e valores econômicos nas dietas testadas. ABSTRACT - This work aimed to evaluate a utilization of the Salt brush (Atriplex nummularia) irrigated with residue from desalination as an alternative to Caipira French chickens' fattening diet. Hundred twenty chickens (60 males and 60 females), 28 day old, were selected individually away and by body weight and were distributed in a complete randomized design with four treatments, five repetitions and six chickens by experimental unit. Experimental diets were isonutritious and formulated by cassava hay (CH), Atriplex hay (AH), corn grain and soybean meal. It was used four treatments: 0%, 35%, 65% and 100% with replacement of CH by the AH in the base feed. There was no significant difference amount the intake of dry matter, crude protein and gross energy in relation to the replacement of CH by the AH who presents media of 133.9g/chicken/day, 19.8g/chicken/day and 543.3Kcal/chicken/day respectively. The feed gain ratio of the diets tested had linearly increased. With a 17.7% replacement of CH by AH can be obtained maximum gains of 432.4g and 14.4g / day, respectively for total and daily average gain. The replacement of CH by the AH in the range from 46.4 to 50% showed better results for carcass weight and economic value in diets. Made available in DSpace on 2022-09-05T18:27:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Atriplex-nummularia-como-alternativa-alimentar-para-frangos-caipira-frances.pdf: 185756 bytes, checksum: 4ecf6b69eaf7db8a8aa512e32ff8f095 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os parâmetros sanguíneos, hepáticos e ruminais, bem como caracterizar e quantificar a população de protozoários ciliados, no rúmen de ovinos alimentados com dietas com farelo de mamona destoxificada (FM). Foram utilizados 32 ovinos, para a avaliação dos parâmetros sanguíneos e hepáticos, e quatro ovinos adultos fistulados no rúmen, para a avaliação dos parâmetros ruminais. A dieta controle foi composta por feno de capim‑buffel, milho em grão moído, ureia e farelo de soja (FS). Nos tratamentos, o FS foi substituído parcialmente pelo FM a 15, 30 e 45% no concentrado. Não houve diferença, entre os tratamentos, quanto aos teores de ureia no soro, cuja média foi de 666,0 mg L‑1. Não houve diferença entre as dietas quanto à glicose, ao aspartato aminotranferase e à alanina aminotransferase, que tiveram média de 690,3 mg L‑1, 127,4 UI L‑1 e 16,9 UI L‑1, respectivamente. Os valores de nitrogênio amoniacal e pH apresentaram padrão linear crescente com a substituição do FS pelo FM. O gênero Entodinium foi o mais frequente em todos os tratamentos e obteve média geral de 76,4% do total de protozoários; o tratamento sem inclusão do FM obteve a maior percentagem deste gênero entre os tratamentos. A dieta com substituição de 45% do farelo de soja pelo de mamona destoxificado favorece o ambiente ruminal.

RESUMO - Objetivou-se conhecer alguns aspectos sociais, níveis tecnológicos e resultados econômicos de produtores de leite de vaca em propriedades situadas no Perímetro Irrigado Senador Nilo Coelho, localizado no município de Petrolina, estado de Pernambuco. Foram entrevistados 28 produtores no perímetro, no período de abril a setembro do ano de 2007. As famílias dos produtores que residem nos estabelecimentos rurais e na zona urbana somaram 53,6 e 46,4%, respectivamente. As propriedades estudadas foram classificadas em sua maioria como sistemas intensivos a pasto e em confinamento (57,1%) com produção média de 9,3L/vaca/dia. A renda bruta proveniente do leite foi de R$2.477,47. A relação entre vacas em lactação e o total de vacas e o intervalo de partos foram respectivamente de 52,1% e 19,1 meses. Foi possível observar que, na maior parte das propriedades trabalhava-se com monta natural (96,4%) e ordenha manual (96,4%). De um modo geral a vacinação é deficiente, contudo 96,4% das propriedades vacinam contra aftosa. A principal fonte de informação desses produtores é a televisão. Em relação ao manejo alimentar, observou-se alta dependência de insumos externos. Os valores médios da produtividade da terra e do número de vacas em lactação por área foram de 3.722,0L/ha/ano e 1,1 vacas/ha, respectivamente. A bovinocultura leiteira apresenta potencial para complementar a renda dos produtores no Perímetro Irrigado Senador Nilo Coelho, porém são necessários investimentos para intensificação do uso dos recursos forrageiros, melhoria da qualidade do leite, manejo reprodutivo, nutricional e sanitário do rebanho, e assistência técnica aos produtores. ABSTRACT - This work aimed to evaluate social, technological levels, and economic results of dairy cattle producers on properties located in the Senator Nilo Coelho Irrigation District, located in the city of Petrolina, Pernambuco State. Twenty-eight producers were interviewed in the period from April to September of 2007. The families of the milk producers the Senator Nilo Coelho Irrigation District living in rural and urban areas amounted to 53,6 e 46,4% respectively. Rural properties were mostly classified as intensive systems (57,1%) with an average production of 9,3 L/lactating cow/day. Gross income from milk was R$ 2.477,47. The ratio between lactating cows and the total number of cows and calving interval were respectively 52.1% and 19,1 months. It was observed that most properties worked with natural mating (96,4%) and manual milking (96,4%). In general vaccination is deficient, however 96,4% of farms vaccinated against Food and Month Disease. Information main source from these producers is television. Regarding the feeding management, it was observed a high dependence on external inputs and the average land productivity and the number of milking cows per area were 3722,0L/ha/year and 1,1 cows/ha, respectively. Dairy cattle have a potential to supplement the producers income, but investments are needed to intensify the use of forage resources, to improve milk quality, reproductive management, nutrition and health herd and technical assistance to producers. Made available in DSpace on 2022-09-05T17:19:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Artigo-meta-2011-RBSPA-Andre.pdf: 88541 bytes, checksum: b5441dc5d4d08b709059291fbe59d221 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos de níveis de inclusão de glicerina bruta (GB), contendo 36,20% de glicerol, na dieta de cordeiros em terminação, sobre o consumo, digestibilidade dos componentes da dieta e desempenho produtivo e econômico. Utilizaram-se 35 cordeiros machos não castrados da raça Santa Inês, com peso médio inicial de 20±2,27 kg, distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos e seis repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram de níveis de inclusão da GB na dieta (0, 3, 6, 9 e 12% da matéria seca), em substituição ao milho. Após 10 dias de adaptação, cinco animais foram abatidos para se obter o rendimento de carcaça inicial. Após o período de adaptação, os 30 animais restantes foram alojados em baias individuais. Quando o grupo atingiu o peso médio de 35 kg, os animais foram abatidos. Houve efeito linear decrescente dos níveis de GB sobre o consumo de MS e ganho médio diário de peso, e efeito quadrático sobre o coeficiente de digestibilidade da fibra em detergente neutro corrigida para cinzas e proteínas. Houve efeito quadrático também sobre o peso corporal final dos animais e conversão alimentar (CA). A GB contendo 36,20% de glicerol pode ser incluída na dieta de cordeiros em terminação em até 6% da MS da dieta, com otimização da CA e aumento dos benefícios econômicos. Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-03T00:01:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Luizgustavo.pdf: 355000 bytes, checksum: 0cc78072247fff101b9fc1ccca1f0448 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-22

Made available in DSpace on 2011-04-09T21:08:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tadeu2010.pdf: 525009 bytes, checksum: 8cc90cd899855ede344d6fdfa3f60858 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-01-27

Objetivou-se, no presente estudo, avaliar o efeito da adubação com esterco ovino na produção de biomassa e composição bromatológica do feijão-de-rola no Submédio do São Francisco. O solo utilizado foi o Neossolo Flúvico Psamíticos (RUq) e o experimento foi conduzido em vasos plásticos com 13 kg de solo/vaso.O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos (zero, 10, 20, 30 e 40 t/ha de esterco ovino) e cinco repetições. Os valores obtidos para produção de matéria seca (PMS) da parte aérea (PMS-PA), do caule (PMS-C) e da folha (PMS-Flh) foram maiores próximos à dose de 30 t/ha (P0,05) pela adubação orgânica. A dose de 30 t/ha de esterco ovino é a que melhor incrementa a produção de biomassa do feijão-de-rola. Made available in DSpace on 2022-08-09T19:20:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Producao-de-biomassa-e-composicao-bromatologica-do-feijao-de-rola.pdf: 413924 bytes, checksum: 22b27f95271a5d4ee401e1700492bff9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010

RESUMO - Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a dinâmica de fermentação, a composição química e a digestibilidade in vitro da matéria seca (DIVMS) das silagens do coproduto da pupunha. Os tratamentos constituíram-se no coproduto da pupunha: in natura, emurchecido, com 10% de farelo de mandioca, com 10% de fubá de milho, com 10% de torta de dendê e com 1% de uréia. Os silos experimentais foram abertos com 1; 3; 5; 7; 14; 28 e 56 dias. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 6 x 7 (tratamentos e períodos de fermentação) com duas repetições. O pH variou de 3,78 a 3,93. As silagens com farelo de mandioca ou fubá de milho apresentaram menores concentrações de fibra detergente neutro, fibra detergente ácido, celulose e lignina. Houve redução nos teores de matéria seca no decorrer da abertura dos silos. O teor de proteína bruta da silagem com uréia foi superior. A adição de farelo de mandioca ou fubá de milho aumentou a DIVMS. As silagens apresentaram valores adequados de nitrogênio amoniacal. O coproduto da extração do palmito da pupunha apresenta potencial de conservação na forma de silagem, e a adição de farelo de mandioca melhora o seu valor nutritivo. ABSTRACT - The objective in this work was to evaluate the fermentation kinetic; chemical composition and ?in vitro? dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of co-product silage from the extraction of peyibaye palmetto. The experimental treatments utilized were co-product extraction of peyibaye palmetto: in nature, with 10% of cassava meal, with 10% of corn meal, with 10% of palm kernel cake, with 1% of urea and wilted. The silos were opened after 1; 3; 5; 7, 14, 28 and 56 days. The experimental design utilized was a completely randomized design with factorial 6 x 7 (treatments and days after silage), with two repetitions. The pH ranged from 3.78 to 3.93. The silage with cassava or corn meal had less concentration of neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, cellulose and lignin. The content of crude protein of the silage with urea was greater than the other treatments. The additions of cassava or corn meal result in increase of IVDMD percentage. The silages showed appropriate values of ammonia nitrogen. The co-product silage of peyibaye palmetto extraction has conservation potential in silage form, and the addition of 10% of cassava meal improved its quality. Made available in DSpace on 2022-09-05T18:26:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Caracterizacao-nutricional-de-silagens-do-coproduto-da-pupunha.pdf: 109423 bytes, checksum: fa69b46564e44c041c7aed1985295983 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010

Foram avaliadas as silagens de quatro genótipos de girassol (Helianthus annus) (Rumbosol 91, Victoria 627, Victoria 807 e Mycogen 93338), pela técnica semiautomática de produção de gases. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso, em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, sendo as médias comparadas pelo teste SNK (p