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Background: The Brazilian National Student Performance Examination - ENADE is an instrument used to measure the quality of undergraduate courses. The identification of factors that influence the result of this examination can contribute to providing support necessary to improve the quality of medical courses. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the factors that affect the National Student Performance Examination grades of Brazilian undergraduate medical programs. Methods: Factors that influenced the 2010 ENADE grades of 100 undergraduate medical programs were studied. Data collection was performed using public databases. Academic and healthcare infrastructure variables were investigated. The data analysis was based on the performance of the medical programs on the 2010 ENADE, whereby the programs were divided into two groups: ENADE 1-2 (unsatisfactory grade) versus ENADE 4-5 (satisfactory grade). Results: One hundred schools were included in this analysis. In the univariate analysis the university variables (p=0.037), public institution (p